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Norman Rule Cumbria 1 0
NORMAN RULE I N C U M B R I A 1 0 9 2 – 1 1 3 6 B y RICHARD SHARPE A lecture delivered to Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society on 9th April 2005 at Carlisle CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLAND ANTIQUARIAN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY N O R M A N R U L E I N C U M B R I A 1 0 9 2 – 1 1 3 6 NORMAN RULE I N C U M B R I A 1 0 9 2 – 1 1 3 6 B y RICHARD SHARPE Pr o f essor of Diplomat i c , U n i v e r sity of Oxfo r d President of the Surtees Society A lecture delivered to Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society on 9th April 2005 at Carlisle CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLAND ANTIQUARIAN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Tract Series Vol. XXI C&W TRACT SERIES No. XXI ISBN 1 873124 43 0 Published 2006 Acknowledgements I am grateful to the Council of the Society for inviting me, as president of the Surtees Society, to address the Annual General Meeting in Carlisle on 9 April 2005. Several of those who heard the paper on that occasion have also read the full text and allowed me to benefit from their comments; my thanks to Keith Stringer, John Todd, and Angus Winchester. I am particularly indebted to Hugh Doherty for much discussion during the preparation of this paper and for several references that I should otherwise have missed. In particular he should be credited with rediscovering the writ-charter of Henry I cited in n. -
COMMUNICATIONS in CUMBRIA : an Overview
Cumbria County History Trust (Database component of the Victoria Country History Project) About the County COMMUNICATIONS IN CUMBRIA : An overview Eric Apperley October 2019 The theme of this article is to record the developing means by which the residents of Cumbria could make contact with others outside their immediate community with increasing facility, speed and comfort. PART 1: Up to the 20th century, with some overlap where inventions in the late 19thC did not really take off until the 20thC 1. ANCIENT TRACKWAYS It is quite possible that many of the roads or tracks of today had their origins many thousands of years ago, but the physical evidence to prove that is virtually non-existent. The term ‘trackway’ refers to a linear route which has been marked on the ground surface over time by the passage of traffic. A ‘road’, on the other hand, is a route which has been deliberately engineered. Only when routes were engineered – as was the norm in Roman times, but only when difficult terrain demanded it in other periods of history – is there evidence on the ground. It was only much later that routes were mapped and recorded in detail, for example as part of a submission to establish a Turnpike Trust.11, 12 From the earliest times when humans settled and became farmers, it is likely that there was contact between adjacent settlements, for trade or barter, finding spouses and for occasional ritual event (e.g stone axes - it seems likely that the axes made in Langdale would be transported along known ridge routes towards their destination, keeping to the high ground as much as possible [at that time (3000-1500BC) much of the land up to 2000ft was forested]. -
Kendal Town Council Report
Page 1 of 162 KENDAL TOWN COUNCIL Notice of Meeting PLANNING COMMITTEE Monday, 6th June 2016 at 6.30 p.m. in the Georgian Room, the Town Hall, Kendal Committee Membership (7 Members) Jon Robinson (Chair) Austen Robinson (Vice-Chair) Alvin Finch Keith Hurst-Jones Lynne Oldham Matt Severn Kath Teasdale AGENDA 1. APOLOGIES 2. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Any member of the public who wishes to ask a question, make representations or present a deputation or petition at this meeting should apply to do so before the commencement of the meeting. Information on how to make the application is available on the Council’s Website - www/kendaltowncouncil.gov.uk/Statutory Information/General/ Guidance on Public Participation at Kendal Town Council Meetings or by contacting the Town Clerk on 01539 793490. 3. DECLARATIONS OF INTEREST To receive declarations by Members and/or co-optees of interests in respect of items on this Agenda [In accordance with the revised Code of Conduct, Members are required to declare any Disclosable Pecuniary Interests (DPIs) or Other Registrable interests (ORIs) which have not already been declared in the Council’s Register of Interests. Members are reminded that it is a criminal offence not to declare a DPI, either in the Register or at the meeting. In the interests of clarity and transparency, Members may wish to declare any DPI which they have already declared in the Register, as well as any ORI.] 4. MINUTES OF MEETING HELD ON 23RD MAY 2016 (see attached) 5. MATTERS ARISING FROM PREVIOUS MINUTES, NOT ON AGENDA 6. CUMBRIA MINERALS AND WASTE LOCAL PLAN CONSULTATION (see attached x6) 7. -
Helsington Parish Council Community Led Plan
Helsington Parish Council Community Led Plan December 2016 The material contained in this plot has been obtained from an Ordnance Survey map with kind permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office License No. LA100024277 CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary 5 Things you like most about the Parish 5 Things you like least about the Parish 5 What you would most like to see for the future of the Parish 6 2. An Introduction 7 Location 7 Population 7 Villages, hamlets and surroundings 7 Transport 8 Economy 8 3. Background to the Plan 9 4. The Process 10 5. Summary of the Results 12 Initial Survey 12 Things you like most about the Parish 12 Things you like least about the Parish 12 What you would most like to see for the future of the Parish 12 Detailed Questionnaire 13 Profile of Respondents 13 6. Actions 15 Theme 1 - Housing 15 1.1 Support for affordable housing 15 1.2 Concern about use of greenfield sites 15 1.3 Consideration of sheltered housing 15 1.4 Restriction on holiday or second homes 16 Theme 2 - Road Safety 16 2.1 Speed of traffic 16 2.2 Safety of road users and property 16 Theme 3 - Sustainable Environment 17 3.1 Protecting and enhancing the wider countryside 17 3.2 Flooding and drainage 17 3.3 Renewable energy 18 3.4 Access to the countryside 18 3.5 Dog fouling 18 Theme 4 - Vibrant Communities 19 4.1 Providing jobs for local people 19 4.2 Developing infrastructure 19 4.3 Planning for safety 19 4.4 Improving social cohesion 20 7. -
The Chalet Bank Terrace, Bowness-On-Windermere, LA23 3BJ
The Chalet Bank Terrace, Bowness-on-Windermere, LA23 3BJ Price £80,000 www.matthewsbenjamin.co.uk Ellerthwaite Square, Windermere, Cumbria LA23 1DU 015394 47717 015394 47617 [email protected] www.matthewsbenjamin.co.uk 'Locality' shall mean the administrative areas of the Parishes of: Located in the heart of Bowness-on-Windermere with a range of Broughton East; Cartmel Fell; Crook; Crosthwaite and Lyth; shops, restaurants and cafes right on the doorstep and plenty of Helsington; Kentmere; Lakes; Longsleddale; Skelwith; Staveley local amenities. Positioned on a private road just off the main in Cartmel; Staveley with Ings; Underbarrow and Bradleyfield; thorough through, a single storey dilapidated chalet sits on the site Upper Allithwaite; Windermere; Witherslack; Meathop and Ulpha; but has been granted permission to be demolished for the and those parts of the Parishes of Fawcett Forest; Strickland replacement dwelling. Ketel; Strickland Roger; and Whitwell and Selside which lie within the administrative area of the Lake District National Park. From our Windermere office proceed towards Bowness on the An 'Only or Principal Home' is a dwelling house which is New/Lake Road. Entering the shops passing the Cinema, the occupied continuously for a minimum period of six months in turning for Bank Terrace is opposite the car park and adjacent to every twelve month period. For the avoidance of doubt the Fat Olives brasserie. The chalet is the first property on the left hand dwelling shall not be occupied as a second home or for holiday side. letting accommodation. The development opportunity enables the existing chalet structure All mains services provided to the site. -
New Additions to CASCAT from Carlisle Archives
Cumbria Archive Service CATALOGUE: new additions August 2021 Carlisle Archive Centre The list below comprises additions to CASCAT from Carlisle Archives from 1 January - 31 July 2021. Ref_No Title Description Date BRA British Records Association Nicholas Whitfield of Alston Moor, yeoman to Ranald Whitfield the son and heir of John Conveyance of messuage and Whitfield of Standerholm, Alston BRA/1/2/1 tenement at Clargill, Alston 7 Feb 1579 Moor, gent. Consideration £21 for Moor a messuage and tenement at Clargill currently in the holding of Thomas Archer Thomas Archer of Alston Moor, yeoman to Nicholas Whitfield of Clargill, Alston Moor, consideration £36 13s 4d for a 20 June BRA/1/2/2 Conveyance of a lease messuage and tenement at 1580 Clargill, rent 10s, which Thomas Archer lately had of the grant of Cuthbert Baynbrigg by a deed dated 22 May 1556 Ranold Whitfield son and heir of John Whitfield of Ranaldholme, Cumberland to William Moore of Heshewell, Northumberland, yeoman. Recites obligation Conveyance of messuage and between John Whitfield and one 16 June BRA/1/2/3 tenement at Clargill, customary William Whitfield of the City of 1587 rent 10s Durham, draper unto the said William Moore dated 13 Feb 1579 for his messuage and tenement, yearly rent 10s at Clargill late in the occupation of Nicholas Whitfield Thomas Moore of Clargill, Alston Moor, yeoman to Thomas Stevenson and John Stevenson of Corby Gates, yeoman. Recites Feb 1578 Nicholas Whitfield of Alston Conveyance of messuage and BRA/1/2/4 Moor, yeoman bargained and sold 1 Jun 1616 tenement at Clargill to Raynold Whitfield son of John Whitfield of Randelholme, gent. -
Königreichs Zur Abgrenzung Der Der Kommission in Übereinstimmung
19 . 5 . 75 Amtsblatt der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Nr . L 128/23 1 RICHTLINIE DES RATES vom 28 . April 1975 betreffend das Gemeinschaftsverzeichnis der benachteiligten landwirtschaftlichen Gebiete im Sinne der Richtlinie 75/268/EWG (Vereinigtes Königreich ) (75/276/EWG ) DER RAT DER EUROPAISCHEN 1973 nach Abzug der direkten Beihilfen, der hill GEMEINSCHAFTEN — production grants). gestützt auf den Vertrag zur Gründung der Euro Als Merkmal für die in Artikel 3 Absatz 4 Buch päischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft, stabe c ) der Richtlinie 75/268/EWG genannte ge ringe Bevölkerungsdichte wird eine Bevölkerungs gestützt auf die Richtlinie 75/268/EWG des Rates ziffer von höchstens 36 Einwohnern je km2 zugrunde vom 28 . April 1975 über die Landwirtschaft in Berg gelegt ( nationaler Mittelwert 228 , Mittelwert in der gebieten und in bestimmten benachteiligten Gebie Gemeinschaft 168 Einwohner je km2 ). Der Mindest ten (*), insbesondere auf Artikel 2 Absatz 2, anteil der landwirtschaftlichen Erwerbspersonen an der gesamten Erwerbsbevölkerung beträgt 19 % auf Vorschlag der Kommission, ( nationaler Mittelwert 3,08 % , Mittelwert in der Gemeinschaft 9,58 % ). nach Stellungnahme des Europäischen Parlaments , Eigenart und Niveau der vorstehend genannten nach Stellungnahme des Wirtschafts- und Sozialaus Merkmale, die von der Regierung des Vereinigten schusses (2 ), Königreichs zur Abgrenzung der der Kommission mitgeteilten Gebiete herangezogen wurden, ent sprechen den Merkmalen der in Artikel 3 Absatz 4 in Erwägung nachstehender Gründe : der Richtlinie -
The Seaside Resorts of Westmorland and Lancashire North of the Sands in the Nineteenth Century
THE SEASIDE RESORTS OF WESTMORLAND AND LANCASHIRE NORTH OF THE SANDS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY BY ALAN HARRIS, M.A., PH.D. READ 19 APRIL 1962 HIS paper is concerned with the development of a group of Tseaside resorts situated along the northern and north-eastern sides of Morecambe Bay. Grange-over-Sands, with a population in 1961 of 3,117, is the largest member of the group. The others are villages, whose relatively small resident population is augmented by visitors during the summer months. Although several of these villages have grown considerably in recent years, none has yet attained a population of more than approxi mately 1,600. Walney Island is, of course, exceptional. Since the suburbs of Barrow invaded the island, its population has risen to almost 10,000. Though small, the resorts have an interesting history. All were affected, though not to the same extent, by the construction of railways after 1846, and in all of them the legacy of the nineteenth century is still very much in evidence. There are, however, some visible remains and much documentary evidence of an older phase of resort development, which preceded by several decades the construction of the local railways. This earlier phase was important in a number of ways. It initiated changes in what were then small communities of farmers, wood-workers and fishermen, and by the early years of the nineteenth century old cottages and farmsteads were already being modified to cater for the needs of summer visitors. During the early phase of development a handful of old villages and hamlets became known to a select few. -
Der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Nr
26 . 3 . 84 Amtsblatt der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Nr . L 82 / 67 RICHTLINIE DES RATES vom 28 . Februar 1984 betreffend das Gemeinschaftsverzeichnis der benachteiligten landwirtschaftlichen Gebiete im Sinne der Richtlinie 75 /268 / EWG ( Vereinigtes Königreich ) ( 84 / 169 / EWG ) DER RAT DER EUROPAISCHEN GEMEINSCHAFTEN — Folgende Indexzahlen über schwach ertragsfähige Böden gemäß Artikel 3 Absatz 4 Buchstabe a ) der Richtlinie 75 / 268 / EWG wurden bei der Bestimmung gestützt auf den Vertrag zur Gründung der Euro jeder der betreffenden Zonen zugrunde gelegt : über päischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft , 70 % liegender Anteil des Grünlandes an der landwirt schaftlichen Nutzfläche , Besatzdichte unter 1 Groß vieheinheit ( GVE ) je Hektar Futterfläche und nicht über gestützt auf die Richtlinie 75 / 268 / EWG des Rates vom 65 % des nationalen Durchschnitts liegende Pachten . 28 . April 1975 über die Landwirtschaft in Berggebieten und in bestimmten benachteiligten Gebieten ( J ), zuletzt geändert durch die Richtlinie 82 / 786 / EWG ( 2 ), insbe Die deutlich hinter dem Durchschnitt zurückbleibenden sondere auf Artikel 2 Absatz 2 , Wirtschaftsergebnisse der Betriebe im Sinne von Arti kel 3 Absatz 4 Buchstabe b ) der Richtlinie 75 / 268 / EWG wurden durch die Tatsache belegt , daß das auf Vorschlag der Kommission , Arbeitseinkommen 80 % des nationalen Durchschnitts nicht übersteigt . nach Stellungnahme des Europäischen Parlaments ( 3 ), Zur Feststellung der in Artikel 3 Absatz 4 Buchstabe c ) der Richtlinie 75 / 268 / EWG genannten geringen Bevöl in Erwägung nachstehender Gründe : kerungsdichte wurde die Tatsache zugrunde gelegt, daß die Bevölkerungsdichte unter Ausschluß der Bevölke In der Richtlinie 75 / 276 / EWG ( 4 ) werden die Gebiete rung von Städten und Industriegebieten nicht über 55 Einwohner je qkm liegt ; die entsprechenden Durch des Vereinigten Königreichs bezeichnet , die in dem schnittszahlen für das Vereinigte Königreich und die Gemeinschaftsverzeichnis der benachteiligten Gebiete Gemeinschaft liegen bei 229 beziehungsweise 163 . -
Index to Gallery Geograph
INDEX TO GALLERY GEOGRAPH IMAGES These images are taken from the Geograph website under the Creative Commons Licence. They have all been incorporated into the appropriate township entry in the Images of (this township) entry on the Right-hand side. [1343 images as at 1st March 2019] IMAGES FROM HISTORIC PUBLICATIONS From W G Collingwood, The Lake Counties 1932; paintings by A Reginald Smith, Titles 01 Windermere above Skelwith 03 The Langdales from Loughrigg 02 Grasmere Church Bridge Tarn 04 Snow-capped Wetherlam 05 Winter, near Skelwith Bridge 06 Showery Weather, Coniston 07 In the Duddon Valley 08 The Honister Pass 09 Buttermere 10 Crummock-water 11 Derwentwater 12 Borrowdale 13 Old Cottage, Stonethwaite 14 Thirlmere, 15 Ullswater, 16 Mardale (Evening), Engravings Thomas Pennant Alston Moor 1801 Appleby Castle Naworth castle Pendragon castle Margaret Countess of Kirkby Lonsdale bridge Lanercost Priory Cumberland Anne Clifford's Column Images from Hutchinson's History of Cumberland 1794 Vol 1 Title page Lanercost Priory Lanercost Priory Bewcastle Cross Walton House, Walton Naworth Castle Warwick Hall Wetheral Cells Wetheral Priory Wetheral Church Giant's Cave Brougham Giant's Cave Interior Brougham Hall Penrith Castle Blencow Hall, Greystoke Dacre Castle Millom Castle Vol 2 Carlisle Castle Whitehaven Whitehaven St Nicholas Whitehaven St James Whitehaven Castle Cockermouth Bridge Keswick Pocklington's Island Castlerigg Stone Circle Grange in Borrowdale Bowder Stone Bassenthwaite lake Roman Altars, Maryport Aqua-tints and engravings from -
Trades. [ Westmorland
176 FAR TRADES. [ WESTMORLAND. FARMERs-continued. Wilkinson Mrs. Margaret,Henridding, Wilson Thomas, Fell house, Lupton, Watson Wm. John, Duckpool,Brough, Dalton, Carnforth Kirkby Lonsdale Kirkby Stephen Wilkinson R. Goose Howe,Hugill,Kndl Wilson Thomas, Fern cottage, Cas- Watters T. & J. Raisbeck, Tebay 8.0 Wilkinson Thos.Askew green, Wither- terton, Kirkby Lonsdale Watts Robert, Toddygill hall, Great slack, Grange-over-Sands S.O Wilson Thomas, Hugill, Kendal Musgrave, Penrith Wilkinson T. Gt. Strickland, Penrith Wilson Thomas Silk, Underfell, Bar- Waugh John, Water nook & Doe grn. Wilkinson W. Frost hall, Warcop 8.0 bon, KilOkby Lonsdale iMartindale, Penrith Wilkinson William, Howe lodge, Lyth, Wilson William,Durham bridge,Lyth, Waugh J. Winton hall,Kirkby Stephn Milnihorpe S.O Milnthorpe S.O Wear Benjamin, Tarn foot, Lough Wilkinson Wm. Oxenthwaite, Stain- Wil90nW.Ulpha,Grange-over-Snds.S.O rigg, Arn:bleside more South, Kirkby 8tephen Wilson William, Beech hill &; Kiln- Wear Fisher Mason, Greenbank,Deep Willan Bowness, 1Yhitestones, Asby, stone, Long Sleddale, Kenda! dale, Patterdale, Penrith Winderwath, Appleby Wilson William, jun. Bonfire haU. We'iT George, Elea Tarn house, Little Willan George, Drybeck, Killington, Underbarrow, Kendal Lngdale, Ambleside Kirkby Lonsdale Wilson William, Helsington, Kendal Wearmouth William,Eller hilI,Raven Willan J. Bow brow,Orton, Tebay S.O Wilson William, sen. Lower Gregg stonedale, Newbiggin S.O Willan J.Church ho.Bramptn..Appleby hall, Underbarrow, Kenda! Webster John Crayston, The Hall, Willan John, Beckfoot, Barbon, Kirk- Winder James, Greenside, Raven- Beetham, Milnthorpe S.O by Lonsdale stonedale, Ne"biggin S.O Weedall H. Low. Plumgarths, Kendal Willan John, Oddendale, Crosby, Winn Mrs. Ann, Beckfoot,' Barbon, Weightman J. -
LD216 Cumbria Historic Landscape Characterisation
A GUIDE TO USING THE CUMBRIA HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISATION DATABASE FOR CUMBRIA'S PLANNING AUTHORITIES July 2009 Cumbria County Council A Guide to the Cumbria Historic Landscape Characterisation Database Version 1 July 2009 Contents Acknowledgements 1 Glossary of Key Terms 2 1. Introduction 2 2. The purpose and nature of Historic Landscape Characterisation 3 3. Cumbria's landscape and Historic Landscape Characterisation 6 4. The baseline data 7 5. Landscape types 7 6. Character areas 9 7. Spatial planning and Historic Landscape Characterisation in Cumbria 10 8. Applications for development control and land use management 13 9. Querying the database 15 10. Recommended uses 17 11. Guidance for historic landscape priorities 18 Appendix 1: Cumbria HLC table structures 21 Appendix 2: Legend for character area maps 31 Appendix 3: Character area descriptions 33 Appendix 4: Historic environment planning policy and guidance 117 Appendix 5: A guide to landscape legislation and site designations 121 i A Guide to the Cumbria Historic Landscape Characterisation Database Version 1 July 2009 Figures 1 Numbered character areas 34 2 Allithwaite and Witherslack Low Fells character area 37 3 Alston Moor character area 39 4 Arnside and Beetham character area 41 5 Barbon and Middleton Fells character area 42 6 Barrow and Kirkby-in-Furness character area 44 7 Bewcastle and Netherby character area 47 8 Bolton Fell character area 48 9 Caldbeck and Caldew Valleys character area 50 10 Carlisle character area 51 11 Cartmel Peninsula character area 53 12 Cumwhitton