Social Study Notes Year 6 2019/20 Malti

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Social Study Notes Year 6 2019/20 Malti Social Year 6 Study Notes 2019/20 Malti Settembru - Frar Mr. Duncan Mallia S6.2 Meta Missirijietna Ġew Attakkati (1565) Mr. Duncan Mallia 1. Il-Bidu tal-Kavallieri 1. Fil-Palestina kien hemm grupp ta’ patrijiet li ddeċidew li jibdew jieħdu ħsieb il-morda. 2. Dawn bnew sptar u bħala patrun tagħhom għażlu lil San Ġwann. 3. Aktar tard saru kavallieri, biex ikunu jistgħu jiddefendu l-pellegrini li jżuru l-Palestina. 4. Ma setgħux jiżżewġu, baqgħu infermiera u wegħdu li jiddefendu r- Religjon. 5. Il-Musulmani keċċew l-Insara mill-Palestina u l-kavallieri spiċċaw f’ Rodi. 6. Hemm bnew xwieni u bihom kienu jattakkaw vapuri Musulmani, l- aktar Torok. 7. Ir-re Tork keċċa l-Kavallieri minn Rodi u dawn spiċċaw bla dar. 2. Il-Kavallieri f’Malta 1. Ir-Re ta’ Spanja offra l-gżejjer Maltin lill-kavallieri. 2. Meta waslu Malta l-kavallieri sabu l-Imdina, iċ-Ċittadella u l-Forti Sant’ Anġlu. 3. Huma riedu jgħixu ħdejn il-baħar allura bnew il-belt tal-Birgu u l- Isla u l-fortizza San Mikiel. 4. Aktar tard bnew il-Forti Sant’ Iermu li kien jiddefendi l-Port il- Kbir u Marsamxett. 5. Minn Malta l-Kavallieri kienu jattakkaw il-vapuri tal-Misilmin fosthom it-Torok. 6. Għalhekk, fl-1565, ir-Re Tork Sulejman iddeċieda li jattakka lil Malta. 3. Il-Wasla tat-Torok 1. Fit-18 ta’ Mejju 1565, dehru 200 vapur Tork mgħobbija b’xi 40,000 suldat. 2. Il-Maltin kienu pronti tefgħu l-velenu fil-bjar tal-Marsa, ħarqu djarhom, qabdu l-annimali u l-ikel u ħarbu lejn l-ibliet. 3. Dgħajsa telqet lejn Sqallija biex titlob l-għajnuna lill-Vici Re. 4. Kien hawn xi 400 kavallier, 6000 Malti u xi 2000 suldat Sqalli u baħrin. 5. Għalhekk il-Gran Mastru de Valette ordna lill-kavallieri biex jiġġieldu minn fuq is-swar minn ġol-ibliet u mhux joħorġu jattakkaw. 4. L-Ewwel Attakki 1. It-Torok kellhom il-ħsieb li wara li jirbħu lil Malta jattakkaw lil Sqallija u wara l-bqija tal-Ewropa. Attakkaw lil Malta ukoll għax kellhom Reliġjon differenti u għax il-Kavallieri kienu jattakkawlhom il-vapuri. 2. Mustapha Paxà kellu l-kmand tal-armata waqt li Piali Paxà kien imexxi l-flotta (vapuri) tat-Torok. 3. Dragut, li kien pirata (furban), kellu jasal aktar tard biex jgħin fl- attakki. 4. Piali Paxà ried li jattakka lil Sant’ Iermu biex ikun jista’ jdaħħal il- vapuri tiegħu f’Marsamxett, li kien aktar kenni minn Marsaxlokk fejn kienu qegħdin. 5. It-Torok ħasbu li Sant’ Iermu kien jaqa’ f’sebat ijiem u għalhekk bdew l-attakki fuqu. 5. Sant’ Iermu 1. It-Torok sabuha diffiċli biex jirbħu lil Sant’ Iermu għax il- kavallieri kienu jibagħtu suldati ġodda bil-lejl mill-Birgu. 2. Kien Dragut li nduna b’dan u poġġa xi kanuni u dgħajjes biex iwaqqaf din l-għajnuna. 3. B’hekk, is-suldati ta’ din il-fortizza ma kien baqgħalhom l-ebda tama. 4. Fit-23 ta’ Ġunju, lejlet il-festa ta’ San Ġwann, il-forti waqa’. 5. F’dan l-attakk miet Dragut. 6. Dan il-forti li suppost intrebaħ f’ġimgħa, dam xahar biex jaqa’ u għalhekk ħela ħafna ħin lit-Torok peress li kienet riesqa x-xitwa. 6. Attakki fuq il-Birgu u L-Isla 1. It-Torok attakkaw il-Birgu u l-Isla. 2. Bejn il-Birgu u l-Isla il-kavallieri bnew pont bid-dgħajjes biex ikunu jistgħu jibagħtu l-għajnuna minn belt għal oħra. 3. Għalkemm it-Torok kienu kważi rebħu lill-Birgu u l-Isla, il-pjan tagħhom falla fis-7 ta’ Settembru. 4. Il-Viċi Re ta’ Sqallija, Don Garcia de Toledo, bagћat l-għajnuna minn Sqallija. Xi 14,000 suldat niżlu fil-Mellieħa. 5. It-Torok qatgћu qalbhom u telqu lejn pajjiżhom. 6. Malti famuż fl-Assedju l-Kbir kien Toni Bajada li kien imur mill- Birgu għall-Imdina bl-gћawm, biex iwassal il-messaġġi tal-Gran Mastru de Valette. 7. Wara l-Assedju l-Kbir, il-Birgu sar Vittoriosa u l-Isla Invicta. S6.4 Belt Kapitali Ġdida għal Malta Mr. Duncan Mallia 7. Il-Bini tal-Belt Valletta 1. Wara l-Assedju l-Kbir tal-1565, il-kavallieri riedu jibnu belt ġdida fuq l-għolja Xiberras. 2. Din il-belt setgħet tiddefendi ż-żewġt ibliet (Birgu u Isla) u lil Sant’ Iermu. 3. Iżda biex jibnu din il-belt kien hemm bżonn ta’ ħafna flus u ħaddiema. 4. Is-Slaten Ewropej bagħtu suldati, flus u ħaddiema għax f’ każ li Malta tintrebaħ, l-attakk li jmiss kien isir fuqhom. 5. Il-Papa Piju V (ћamsa) bagħat lill-perit Taljan Francesco Laparelli. 6. Din il-belt kellha ħafna vantaġġi fosthom li kienet fuq għolja u minn fuq l-art setgħet tiġi attakkata minn post wieħed biss, kif ukoll tiddefendi lill-portijiet ta’ Marsamxett u l-Port il-Kbir. 7. Iżda żvantaġġ kien li ma kellhiex ilma. 8. Laparelli u l-Belt Valletta 1. Laparelli ried li l-belt Valletta jkollha toroq dritti forma ta’ grada/gradilja. 2. B’hekk f’din il-belt ikun hemm sens ta’ ordni. 3. Ma kienx hemm ‘Collachio’, żona riservata għall-kavallieri biss bħalma kien hemm fil-Birgu. 4. Kull dar ried ikollha bir. Kull kantuniera riedet tiżżejjen b’xi statwa. Ħadd ma seta’ jkollu ġnien. 5. Saret triq madwar il-belt biex is-suldati jaslu malajr fejn is-swar. 6. Del Monte ordna lill-kavallieri biex imorru joqogħdu fil-belt Valletta, għalkemm il-bini kien għadu mhux lest. Ix-xogħol tħaffef. 7. Meta Laparelli telaq, ix-xogħol tiegħu tkompla mill-perit Malti Ġlormu Cassar. Hu ppjana l-aktar bini importanti tal-belt Valletta fosthom il-Bereġ. 9. Bini fil-Belt Valletta 1. Fil-belt Valletta nsibu: • Il-Bereġ – kien hemm 7. Kienu palazzi fejn jgħixu l-kavallieri. Xi bereġ huma tal-Italja, ta’ Aragona u ta’ Kastilja. • Sagra Infermerija – Kien l-isptar tal-kavallieri. • Palazz tal-Gran Mastru – Kien jgħix fih il-Gran Mastru. • Armerija – Parti mill-Palazz tal-Gran Mastru. Kienu jinżammu l-armi tal-kavallieri fih. • Barakka ta’ Fuq u ta’ Isfel – Żewġ ġonna fejn il-kavallieri setgħu jistrieħu. • Kon-Katidral ta’ San Ġwann – Knisja tal-kavallieri. Fiha hemm il- kwadru tal-qtugħ ir-ras ta’ San Ġwann ta’ Caravaggio. Ġ6.3 Nimmaniġġjaw l-Iskart Mr. Duncan Mallia 10. Tniġġis 1. Il-fabbriki jipproduċu ħafna affarijiet importanti f’ħajjitna. 2. Iżda jipproduċu ukoll ħmieġ fl-arja, irwejjaħ, għandhom dehra kerha, kif ukoll jikkawżaw ħafna storbju. 3. Il-karozzi jipproduċu ħafna ‘exhaust’ li jħammeġ l-arja u jikkawża mard fil-bniedem. 4. Il-ħsejjes tat-traffiku idejqu lil ħafna nies u d-dħaħen iħammġu l- bini. 5. Meta karozza tiġi biex tintrema, il-batteriji u t-‘tyres’ isiru problema fejn se jitpoġġew. 11. Innaqqsu t-Tniġġis 1. Biex immorru f’postijiet fil-viċin, m’hemmx għalfejn nużaw karozza. 2. Jekk nużaw it-trasport pubbliku, innaqqsu t-tniġġis u t-traffiku. 3. Affarijiet żejda fil-karozza iġiegħlu l-magna taħdem aktar u tħammeġ aktar. 4. Ipprova evita r-‘rush hour’. 5. Tista’ tiftiehem ma’ xi ħbieb u toћorġu b’karozza waħda. 12. Aħna x’nistgħu nagħmlu? 1. Meta nużaw l-ilma u l-elettriku, aħna nkunu qegħdin inħammġu l- ambjent. Sa ftit żmien ilu l-‘Powerstation’ kienet tipproduċi ћafna duћћan, li kien jagћmel ћafna ћsara lill-ambjent. 2. Għalhekk gћandna nitfu d-dawl u oġġetti elettroniċi meta m’aħniex nużawhom. 3. Ma nħallux ilma ħiereġ għalxejn u viti jqattru. 4. Nistgħu nużaw ix-xemx biex insaħħnu l-ilma (solar water heaters) u nipproduċu l-elettriku (solar panels). 5. Nistgħu nużaw affarijiet bħal bozoz ‘energy saving’. 6. L-elettriku nistgħu nipproduċuh permezz tar-riħ (wind farms). 13. L-Iskart 1. Qabel, l-iskart kien jintrema’ kollu ġo miżbla mingħajr ma jiġi magħżul. 2. B’hekk kienu jinħlew ħafna affarijiet bħall-plastik u metall. 3. Ukoll, il-veleni tal-miżbla kienu jispiċċaw fil-baħar u fl-ilma tax- xorb. 4. L-irwejjaħ taż-żibel kienu jdejqu n-nies. 5. Ħafna ġrieden u nemus kienu jgħixu fil-miżbliet u madwarhom. 6. Id-dehra tal-miżbla hija kerha u ħadd ma jixtieq jgħix qrib miżbla. 7. Illum, iż-żibel jintefa’ ġo ‘landfills’ taħt l–art apposta fejn l-iskart ma jkunx jidher u li jkunu miksija bil-‘membrane’ biex il-veleni ma joħorġux. 14. Ir-Riciklaġġ 1. Nistgħu nagħmlu użu minn ħafna affarijiet li narmu billi noħduhom fil-‘bring in sites’. • Plastik – Jitqatta’ biċċiet u jinbiegħ barra minn Malta biex isiru affarijiet tal-plastik. • Metall – Jinbiegħ biex jinħall u jerġa’ jsir metall. • Karta – Titpoġġa fl-ilma u ssir karta ġdida. • Ħġieġ – Jitfarrak u jitħallat mal-konkos u tarmak. 2. Ġebel, madum u materjal tal-bini jintefa’ ġo barrieri u jitgħatta bil- ħamrija u jsiru għelieqi. 3. Fdalijiet tal-ikel u ħxejjex isiru kompost (ħamrija). 4. B’hekk inkunu qed nnaqqsu l-iskart, naħlu anqas, nsalvaw is-siġar u nżommu pajjiżna aktar nadif. 15. It-Tliet R’s 1. It-tliet R’s huma ‘Recycle’, ‘Reduce’ u ‘Reuse’. • Recycle – Oġġett użat, flok jintrema’, jerġa’ jinħadem u jsir oġġett ieħor, eżempju flixkun tal-plastik isir oġġett ieħor tal-plastik. • Reduce – Innaqqsu l-iskart, eżempju minflok nieħu borża gћall-ikel kuljum l-iskola u narmiha, nieħu kontenitur tal-plastik u nibqa’ nużah. • Reuse – Nerġa’ nuża l-affarijiet, eżempju bott tal-ikel nagħmluh ‘pencil holder’. 2. B’hekk inkunu qegћdin innaqqsu l-problema tal-iskart. Frar - Ġunju Mr. Duncan Mallia S6.1 Qabel il-Kitba Mr. Duncan Mallia 16. Għar Dalam 1. Eluf ta’ snin ilu, l-Ewropa kienet miksija bis-silġ. 2. Annimali bħal iljunfanti, ippopotami, ċriev u orsijiet niżlu ‘l isfel fl- Ewropa jfittxu klima aktar sħuna. 3. Dawn waslu Malta, għax il-livell tal-baħar kien baxx u bejn Malta u l-Italja ma kienx hawn baħar.
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