Die Millionenschweren Verweigerer. Anti-Starkult

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Die Millionenschweren Verweigerer. Anti-Starkult Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft Die millionenschweren Verweigerer. Anti-Starkult in der Darstellung ausgesuchter Printmedien. Eine exemplarische Inhaltsanalyse. Hausarbeit zur Erlangung des Magistergrades der PHILOSOPHISCHEN FAKULTÄT der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster (Westf.) vorgelegt von Christoph Jacke aus Bad Pyrmont 1996 Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung.............................................................................................................. 1 2 Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen................................................................................. 5 2.1 Definitionsgerüst.......................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Öffentlichkeit und Publikum ............................................................. 5 2.1.2 Zu den Begriffen Kultur und Subkultur ............................................. 7 2.1.2.1 Kultur als Programm ............................................................ 7 2.1.2.2 Subkultur: Abgrenzung versus Eingrenzung....................... 11 2.1.3 Stars, Anti-Stars und Anti-Star-Stars ............................................... 13 2.1.3.1 Stars: etabliert und gesellschaftskonform............................ 13 2.1.3.2 Anti-Stars: eine Hilfskategorie ........................................... 16 2.1.3.3 Anti-Star-Stars: erfolgreiche Verweigerer........................... 17 2.1.4 Starkult und Anti-Star-Starkult........................................................ 19 2.2 Medienmechanismen: Inszenierungen von Subkulturen und Anti-Star-Stars................................................................................................. 23 2.2.1 Nachrichtenwerte von subkulturellen Phänomenen und Anti-Star- Stars ........................................................................................................ 23 2.2.2 Agenda Setting (Thematisierung) .................................................... 25 2.2.3 Realitätskonstruktion(-en) ............................................................... 26 2.2.4 Themenkarrieren............................................................................. 28 2.2.5 Medienverweigerung....................................................................... 29 2.2.6 Vermarktung der Verweigerung ...................................................... 32 2.2.7 Exitus durch Etablierung: Das ‘Ende’ subkultureller Musik richtungen................................................................................................ 37 2.3 Zusammenfassung...................................................................................... 40 3 Besonderheiten des Untersuchungsgegenstandes: Die Musikrichtung Grunge und die Rockband „Nirvana“ als Fallbeispiel................................................................ 41 3.1 Historischer Abriß: Die Grunge -Bewegung als Subkulturphänomen .......... 41 3.1.1 Exkurs: Generation X ...................................................................... 43 3.2 „Nirvana“: Die Leitbilder der Bewegung.................................................... 45 3.2.1 Die Karriere der Grunge -Band „Nirvana“ ....................................... 45 3.2.2 „Nirvana“ und Kurt Cobain als Anti-Star-Stars ............................... 47 3.2.3 Der Suizid Cobains und die Reaktion der Medien............................ 50 3.3 Vermarktung des Grunge und der Band „Nirvana“..................................... 53 3.4 Zusammenfassung...................................................................................... 55 4 Untersuchung ...................................................................................................... 56 4.1 Auswahl der Untersuchungsmethode.......................................................... 56 4.2 Begrenzung der Untersuchung auf ausgesuchte deutsche Printmedien....... 57 4.3 Das Untersuchungssample.......................................................................... 59 4.3.1 Musikzeitschriften........................................................................... 59 4.3.2 Kommerzielle Jugendzeitschriften................................................... 60 4.3.3 Fanzines.......................................................................................... 61 4.3.4 Aktuelle Illustrierte ......................................................................... 62 Inhaltsverzeichnis 4.3.5 Lifestyle-Zeitschriften..................................................................... 62 4.3.6 Die Boulevardpresse ....................................................................... 62 4.3.7 Die Nachrichtenmagazine ............................................................... 63 4.3.8 Die Wochenzeitungen ..................................................................... 63 4.3.9 Die überregionalen Tageszeitungen................................................. 63 4.4 Hypothesenkatalog..................................................................................... 64 4.5 Untersuchungsvariablen ............................................................................. 69 4.6 Untersuchungszeitraum und Analyseeinheiten............................................ 70 4.7 Codiereinheiten.......................................................................................... 71 4.8 Kategorienschema...................................................................................... 72 4.8.1 Inhaltskategorien (Thematischer Bezug).......................................... 72 4.8.2 Bewertungskategorien (Tendenz einer Äußerung) ........................... 78 4.8.3 Urheberkategorie (Urheber einer Aussage)...................................... 79 4.8.4 Stilmittelkategorien (Erfassung impliziter Bewertungen)................. 81 4.8.5 Wechsel der Codiereinheit .............................................................. 86 4.8.6 Validität und Reliabilität des Erhebungsinstruments........................ 86 4.8.7 Zusammenfassung........................................................................... 88 5 Auswertung und Interpretation ............................................................................ 89 5.1 Die Datenbasis ........................................................................................... 89 5.1.1 Musikzeitschriften........................................................................... 90 5.1.2 Kommerzielle Jugendzeitschriften................................................... 90 5.1.3 Fanzine ........................................................................................... 90 5.1.4 Aktuelle Illustrierte ......................................................................... 90 5.1.5 Lifestyle-Zeitschrift......................................................................... 90 5.1.6 Boulevardpresse.............................................................................. 91 5.1.7 Nachrichtenmagazine...................................................................... 91 5.1.8 Wochenzeitungen............................................................................ 91 5.1.9 Überregionale Tageszeitungen ........................................................ 91 5.2 Anteile der inhaltlichen Kategorien an der Summe aller Codiereinheiten.... 91 5.3 Überprüfung der Hypothesen ..................................................................... 92 5.3.1 Der Anteil negativer Äußerungen der Bandmitglieder ..................... 93 5.3.2 Der Anteil negativer Äußerungen der Artikelverfasser .................... 95 5.3.3 Umfang und Inhalte der Berichterstattung über „Nirvana“ in den einzelnen Genres...................................................................................... 97 5.3.4 Der Anteil und die Verteilung der Titulierungen bzw. Namen- gebungen ............................................................................................... 100 5.3.5 Anteile und Bewertungen bei der Berichterstattung über Cobains Suizid .................................................................................................... 104 5.3.6 Die Themenkarriere von „Nirvana“............................................... 106 5.4 Zusammenfassung der Analyseergebnisse ................................................ 111 6 Resümee und Ausblick ...................................................................................... 113 7 Dokumentation.................................................................................................. 117 Inhaltsverzeichnis 7.1 Literatur................................................................................................... 117 7.2 Sonstige Quellen ...................................................................................... 133 Anhang......................................................................................................................I Codebuch: Variablen und Labels.........................................................................I Codiertabelle:................................................................................................... III Tabelle für Bezeichnungen............................................................................... IV Chronik......................................................................................................... XIV Interview-Leitfaden...................................................................................... XVII Interview mit Rembert Stiewe, Glitterhouse Records + SUBPOP Europa, am 26.01.1996 ................................................................................................XX
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