CENSUS~OF INDIA, 1941

VOLUME X-APPENJ?(X

TRANS·BORDER AREAS

REPORT AND TABLES

by

I. D. SCOTT, 1.e.5. Superintendent 01 Censlls' Operations, North.West Frontier &otJIRU-

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PAGE

J.tlr:n.ODUCTIO~ •• 2

CHAPTER I-TilE AREAS SELEOTED .. ..• S CHAPTER 2-THE CE~SUi •• - - - is ,CHAPTER 3-THE RESULTS ...... ~ .. .- 7 CHAPTER 4-THE TABLES ... .. , - 9 I I \ , 0:: I

The census of the N':-W. F. Province has always Malakand Agency I was fortunate in having th~ hitherto been -c(mfiJ:).ed to the settled districts and the advice and ready assistance of Lt.-Col. G. L. ~allam, only persons in Agencies included in the census have. Political Agent, who had been Census Supermtend­ been civil and military Governme:Q.t servants. In ent of the N.-W. F. Province in 1931. The rulers of the 1901 a partial census of Sherani country was carried three States also gave their willing co:opera~ion, and out and in 1903 'a census of the Kurram tehsil. These the census was in fact carried out III theIr States experiments have never been repeated. entirely thro,?,gh the agency of State servants~ . For the'1941 Cem~us an effort was made to extend Pe!:6:aps in 1951 it will be possible to e~nd thIS census operations to the,Agencies. This attempt was kind of simplified census to the whole of Drr State, p~rtially su?c~ssful, and although I had hop~d for a the Khyber Agency, and some at least of Haza.ra wIder permISSlpn I was eventually allowed'to under­ tribal territory. It may even be that parts of .Wazrr­ take census operations in portions of the Malakand istan will then offer.a fair field for census expetlments. and Kutram Agencies. As the census was a new Since the basis of any frontier policy must be knowl­ undertaking in these..areas, a simplified procedure and edge of the facts, it may be boped that the census questionpaire had to be devised. The 'procedure was can make its modest contribution towards the solu­ similar but not i~entical in the different areas . tion of this most· baffling problem ?f the North-West the questionnaire was the same throuo-hout. In th~ Frontier of India. tc ".- 0 FOREWORD

When I came out in the autumn of 1939 one of the .early points referred to me was whether I favoured all attempt to extend the area of enumeration. 'My answer was an· unequivocal yes, for clearly if a, census is to be held at all one should take all opportunities of lllaking it complete. I therefore encouraged Mr. Scott in his endeavours to spread our census net further. 2. I applied in this case the general prinhiple stressed in the rest of India namely that the census should. graft itself on to existing-agencies moving a~ng the people, with the minimum of disturbance or incon­ venj.ence. This is not only economic~l ; it is judicious, and in a case like this trari's-border enumeration parti­ cularly so. 'For the novelty of a census questioning wj.ll be at leas~educed it not removed when it is put through agencies already familiar to the people. - . As in the rest of India, no schedules were used and the trans-bgMe¥ enumeration was carried out on the actual slips which were lat~r u&ed for sorting. A specimen is given below:-

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3. At India's next census the area now held should be retained and the enumeration net spread fur~her. Mr. Scott's report shows that village' lists now exist and the experience of 1940-41 should greatly c,ontribute to a wider success in 1950-51. ' 4:. Although. British India tabulation was severely curtailed and no provincial Teporta were sanctioned I was able to secure the Government of India's consent to the full tabulation for this trans~border venture. ;Even so however its scope has suffered from the Government of Indi,a's decision; for Mr. Scott having had to demit office as Census Superintendent in July, 1941 and go to other duties could not devote the time to the report which otherwise he would have been able to give. T:b,is is a misfortune; but in any case my thanks are due to him for the enthusiasm and ability he has shown in this matter since the very beginning.

M. W. M. YEATTS, Census Commissioner for India. CHAPTER i-The Areas Selected

. The N.-W. F. Province includes five Agencies. called, not only p.a ve their own language but have not The areas selected for the trans-border census were yet been completely assimilated into the one religion portions of two of these Agencies, which were con­ of Islam which surrounds t~em on all sides. Early sidered to be peaceful'and sophisticated enough not maps of Central Asia show a large, if ill-defined, to be alarmed: at census operations. The tribal region as Kafuistan ; this term can now be truly ap­ ·territory of the N.-W. Frontier of India is not an area plied only to a few remote valleys of Chitral where which easily lends itself to the peaceful purposes of the liberal policy of the successive rulers has allowed Government, even to such a harmless pursuit as the this island of unbelievers to linger on with their census. eurious customs and beliefs. At this census the non­ The two Agencies concerned were the Dir, Swat, Muslim Kafrrs of Chitral numbered 1,355. all;d Chitral Agency (called for snort the Malakand Other traces of early days are to be found in some Agency, after its headquarters), and the Kurram of the place names-the Hindu Raj mountains, for' Agency. I shall deal separately 'with each of them. example-and in tile' sU_fvivai of ancient customs and .. practices. Xhus the Hindus of Dir make an annual .THE MALA.KAND AGENCY pilgrimage to"bathe_$ Btlake_in the south of Chitral, This Agency consists of the three States of. Dir, no mean feat since tne lake lies at 12,000'. Places of Swat; and Chitrai ; a considerable area of tribal pilgrimage and health-giving shrines abound th~ough­ territory ; !'Lnd a small strip called the Protected Area out the Malakand Agency, generally to be found at on both sides of the Malakand Pass. The census the tops of high valleys and mountains. The un covered the wh()l~ of Swat and Chitral States, two' believing might suspect that the long journey 'on of the eight tehsils of Dir, and the whole of the Pro­ foot in the mountain air is the real secret of the tected Area. It was impossible to ex.tend ·the opern­ physical cure; but the practices persist in the name tions into the tribal territory ; and time was too short of religion. to persuade the Nawab of Dir to allow the whole of In Dir and Swat the bulk of the population are Dir State to be enumerated. It ought ~o be possible Pathans, but they exhibit interesting differences. to do something in each of these' directions when frQm the other Pathan tribes of the N.-W. F. Province. the census is repeated. I , This is particularly so in their political ore;anisation) The Malak,and Agency covers a great are~ (11,385. for whereas the Pathan is generally considered to be. square miles) on the north-western corner of India. a staunch democrat who is unwilling to put up with It is enclosed betw~en Afghanistan on the west and a ruler, Dir is'a sort of confederacy of tribes which north-west, Gilgit Agency on the north, the river the Nawab is gradually welding into a single state, Indus on the east, and Peshawar and Mardan dis­ and Swat is an outstanding example of this process' tricts of the N.-W. F. Province on the south. It. carried to its conclusion, namely a rigid autocracy forms a country of great historic interest ; Alexander under Sir Abdul Wadud Khan, the Wali of Swat. passed through what is now its tribal territory and It is probable that the political evolution of these Swat State on his way to India, and it abounds in two States has not yet reached a finally stable form; .ancient monuments and inscriptions. It is a land their exact boundaries are also still not finally settled. of enormous mountain masses, with a climate which Chitral presents an altogether different picture., varies from the heat of theYunjab to the cold silence Its people are not Pathans, and speak a language­ 'of the Pamirs. Its inhabitants are as diverse as the Khowar-which is quite different from Pushtu and countries composing it, and include Pathans, Kohis­ is considered by experts to form an island between tanis, and Chitralis, the last a race with affinities far the Avestic and Sanskrit groups of Aryan languages. more to the Central Asian races than to the Pathans The people show characteristic:s different from the 'of the N.-W. F. Province. Each of the States in­ Pathans: they are essentially non-warlike, and serious cluded in the Agency has got an interesting history. crime is uncommon. They are fond of games (parti­ The tribal territory of Bajaur contains some of the cularly Polo~ ,,:hile singing and dancing Will always -most intractable tribes of the frontier where the attract an audIence. For some hundreds of years Durand boundary between India and Afghanistan the present dynasty has supplied the rulers of the has never yet been demarcated, although it was country, whose boundaries have contracted or ex­ ""greed on nearly half a century ago. panded according to the fo'i:tunes .of occasional war In the recesses of the mountain valleys in Dir and with its neighbours. Close connection with the ~wat Kohistan and in some of the side valleys of Governm!3nt of India began in 1895, after the famous, Chitral, dwell the descendants of those who must siege and relief of Chitral Fort. The remoteness have b,een the original inhabitants of the country. of Chitral is well illustrated by the way in which its They speak, in Dir ·and Swat Kohistan, a language people talk of" going to India" when they leave for' different from the Pushtu of their Usafzai Pathan Peshawar or tlie Punj~b, across the 10,000 feet c'onquerors r and in Chitral the Kafirs, as they are mule-track which is the only means of communication. M84CensUS 3 An interesting example of religious differences bet­ 24 miles. The Kurrim river actually rises in Afghan­ ween different groups of what is nominally the same istan and enters the Kurram valley at a height of sect is furnished by the Ismailis, or followers of H. H. , 7,830 feet above sea-level; by the time it has reached the Agha Khan. The Ismailis of the Hindu Kush ThaI it has dropped to 2,820'. The climate and 84l'e converts to Ismailism from other Islamic sects, cultivation of the valley vary accordingly. High where~s those in India are usually converts from mountains, rising to over 15,000' I on the north, Hinauism. Also, the former observe the usual dominate the valley. Muslim practices of fast, praying in the orthodox It is. less than half a century since the adminis­ way facing Mecca, and maintaining mosques in their tration of the Kurram valley was taken over by the villages, whereas the latter generally do none of these Government of India. Nothing certain is known of things. the original inhabitants of the valley; it wa.s occupied In the Malakand Prote9ted Area (so-called be­ by the Bangash tribe from Persia or Arabia ·early cause it is under the immediate protection of the in the fifteenth century. Later in the same century Malakand garrison, and conver'sely some control a small settlement of a race known afterwards as over this area is-or was-necessary to the safety the Turis came to the valley from .the Punjab, and of the garrison) cond:tions are different again. The flourished to such an extent t,hat they eventually area is divided into two parts, th~, Swat Ranizai to supplanted the Bangashes so that today they own the north of the Malakand Pass, and Sum Ranizai almost the entire valley, and the Bangashes have to the south. The former is the more populous and been driven to occupy the tribal territory which larger tract. Both are fertile and, since the completion adjoins it. With their country, the Turis also took of canal works in 1917, prosperous areas. Govern­ over the religion of the Bangashes 'who are Shiah ment maintain schools, hospitals, and postal arrange­ Muslims. ments, but law and order is maintained by a special Up to the middle of last century the valley was Levy Corps under the Political Agent at Malakand. more or less subject to Afghan rulers. From 1848 Cases are decided by Jirgas of the villages concerned, a determined effort was made to rule it from Kabul, u.nd an effort is at present being made to codify the which lasted for thirty years but failed owing to the customary law (based on the Shariat) on which the oppression and tyranny of the local governors. The decisions are made. ' Second Afghan War of 1878-79, when Lord Roberts In parts of the Malakand Agency there still per­ used the Kurram route for his advance, ended the sists the ancient system of " Vesh " or periodical connection with Afghanistan. The Government of. re-distribution of land among the different families India was reluctant to take over the valley and en­ living in the village. This redistribution is a most deavoured for a dozen years ,to induce the Turis to uneconomic proceeding, since it does away with any govern themselves. This policy failed, however, on incentive to effect improvem~nts ;' but on the other account of internal feuds in the valley, and eventually hand where, for example, land is liable to diluvion in 1892 it was taken over by the Government of India or alluvion .it clearly has its advantages. and a Political· Agent appointed, with his head­ THE KURRAM TEHSIL quarters at Parachinar near the upper end ofthe valley. Law and order were established, and a light revenue The Kurram Agency consists of two parts, the assessment imposed on cultivated land. ' More than Kurram Tehsil and the tribal territory of the Agency. the whole amount collected in land revenue was paid The former approximates to a tehsil of a district in back to the locally recruited Kurram Militia who were that it contains much of the usual paraphernalia of raised to keep the peace of the valley and of the border. administration-good roads and postal communica­ Since that date the Kurram has been one of the most tions, schools, revenue establishment, and machinery peaceful areas on the North West frontier and has for the settlement of civil and criminal cases. These prospered in consequence. The land is naturally cases, however, are not decided in the ordinary way fertile and good rainfall enables it to produce heavy hy courts upholding the common civil and criminal crops. Of late years an extensive trade has sprung law of India, but by tribal jirgas in accordance with up in artemesia of a high santonin content, and a tribal custom based on Shariat. There are no police considerable fruit export business has also been fos­ for'investigating cases, and law and order is main­ tered. Most of the cultivation is along the banks of tained by the Kurram Militia, a locally recruited force the Kurram river all the way up the valley, but large which forms part of the Frontier Corps. The tribal areas are also dependent on the snow-fed streams territory, on the other hand, is never entered by from the mountains, and on springs in the foothills. representatives of the Government, and so long as Parachinar, with a population of 3,578, is the the tribes remain peaceful no attempt is made to headquarters of the administration, and of the Kurram control or interfere with their existence. They are Militia. It does a considerable trade with the neigh­ paid annual subsidies in return for which they are bouring province of Afghanistan, and is connected expected to'remain friendly to Government. with Kohat district by a good motor road. This The census was concerned therefore with the Kur­ Kurram valley road is one of the main routes followed ram Tehsilonly, a long kidney-shaped valley rising by the Powindahs in their annual migration to India; . gradually from ThaI on the border of Kohat district a certain number of Powindahs winter in the Kurram t,o Peiwar Kotal on the border of Afghanistan. The valley without ever crossing the bordel" into Koha~ length' of the valley is 72 miles, and its greatest 'width district. . 5;

IAPTER ~The Census For 'these extensions of' censu~ operations into half the- size' of,the ordinary all-Ihdia pads, and con­ new areas it had to be made clear that, as in the case sisted of 100 slIps each, the slips having six lines for of the settled districts, no special census staff 'could be the anSwers to the census questions. These pads employed. and the existing adm.iniBt!ative m.achin.e!y weTe auanged fo! by the CenBil'S CommissiO'ner, and. ~ the Agenc~eE! 'Wo~d ha:ve to tak~ on the census,work printed in Delhi. The or;ginal indent was framed iIi in) ..addition tp theIr ordmary duties. Conversely, of consultation with the various authorities concerned.. course,. the, Gensus. procedure and requirements had and was slightly deficient in the case of the two tehsil~ to .be adapted to th~ existing rp.achinery. This of Dir, and the Protected Area of Malakand. It was a;rra~gement, worked out welL and fitted in with the far too small for Swat, where an original 'estimate q£ amour propre of the three f?tates of the Malakand 3 lakhs was made for the population; this was raised Ag~ncy who emphatically. pref.erred to c~rry out the to six lakhs in the course of enumeration. Three census through tp.ej,r own officials. ,Th~' ne~ds of thousand more pads were therefore supplied (and tlie these new areas were met both by shortening and Government of India Press at Delhi deserve thanks for· simplifying the census que~tionnaire, and by lengthen­ their prompt compliance with this extra indent); tho ina the time for enumeratIOn. final figures. show~d' a population of 4} lakhs, so that b The census que'~tiop.~ ~were the flame in both there 'o/as a considerable excess of pads left over, ~gellcie&,and on1~ ~ix in n~~ber. These were n!1m~, The,first step.in ,carrying out, the. census was the ag~ sex, tribe, Clvil ,condItIOn" and means of hvelI­ preparB>tion of a village list, showing'the names of all hodd. It. was aJlticipated that some diffioulty might villages with t4e number of house~ in them. This list be experienced in obtaining the names of women, and wa~ to be ready by Sept~mqer 15th, 1940, but was not the instructions to the persons carrying out the in all cas~s prepared.il\ tiI;U~. It ~:;ts empha~ised that 'ce~sus made it clear that "wife of so and so" or care was to be taken in preparing the list, as it would "~'daughter of so and so " WOUld. be.a s~fficient entry. be printed along with the results and form ~ vWage These instructions, a copy of which Is-gIven at the end directory. No other preliminary work wits tequired) Qf tHis Chapter, were issued ,in Pushtu lind Urdu for and this list was simply intended to ensure that no t,he Qonvepience of the en~~eratQrs. ~~e questi~ns village or hamlet was omitted from the enumeration. 'were so simple that no trammg of enumerators was Ignorance and indifference about ages were even . required beyond furnishing ~he~ with a copy of the more widespread than elsewhere. It seemed that instructions. All reports 'go 'to ~how that the enume­ severa]J world's recmds had peen 'beate:n: j'l'l Swat, ra.tion was exhaustive, and well carried out. The where one man was returned as 220 yel1rs old, several time aRQweq for.: the W9rk varied according to the as 120 ana: 160 years of age, and! a cOl'lsidera;ole number needs and desires of the'various are~s. In qhitral"a over-l06. Investigation o{the'mbBt exceptional il1~­ peripatetic censuS staff was appointed and travelled tances, however, failed to produce any confirmation, for six months up and down the country recording . and regretfully I had tq classify them as simply not only the particulars required for this census but " over 70 ". I watched the enumeration in progress various other items of information relating to sheep in one village of Sum Ranizai where about 15 of the and cattle, etc. The results were afterwards trans­ local villagers were assisting in computing ages of cribed on to the census pads in Chitral. In Swat Jour absent fema~es. Afte: some discussion concerning months was the time fixed in consultation with the one woman, It was deCIded that as she was a " budi " Swat State authorities.; In both these cases ar­ she should be put down as 60 years of age, and so 'she !angements had to' be made to incotPO'rate births and accordingly was. exclude deaths up to the lJiti March, 1941. In the­ two tehsils of Dir, one month preceding March 1st One record, however, which appears to be correct was occupied in carrying out the enumeration (a is the fact that 64 inmates resided in one house in fortnight for each of the two tehsils), and in the Pro­ village Batkhela, in Swat Ranizai. They were madb tected Area of the Malakand Agency, as in the Kurram up of the head of the house with his three wives and tehsil, a fortnight was sufficient, i.e., February 15th six sons, the latter all married (one or two with more to March 1st. In these two cases there was a sufficient than one wife) and all with children. There were a staff of reO'ular Government servants to carry through few great grand children and a number of servants the censu~ without any unofficial enumerators. In and retainers. the three States, the enumerators were of course entirely Sti.te officials., When this census is repeated There was little opposition anywhere to the carrying it would probably be possible to' reduce considerably out of the, census. On one occasion it was reported , the period allowed for Chi'hal and Swat, although it that certain Hindus tried to organise opposition would probably be necessary to carry out tpe enume­ (pre~umably afraid that it might show up the small ration of the remote and high areas of both States numbers of their community residing in these areas), before but it was overcome by the ready resource of the Naib the snowfall began. Tehsilp.ar who let it be known that the object of the As this census was the first to be held in these census was to'find out how many Muslims-there were areas, the indent fO'r the census pads had to be based in the world, and if anyone did not get himself on informed guess work. The, pads themselves were entered he had killed one Muslim. . Apart from the cos~ of printing the pads, which that every person has a separate slip :filled up for him were supplied f. o. r. pelhi, the expenses incurred in or her. All the q"l!-estions will normally be answered connection with this transborder census were by the head of the house. If a man refuses to give·th~ Rs. 783-4-0. On accoUht of the aistances involved names of hi{3 female relations, e.g., his wife, enter as travelling allowance accounted for a consIderable pro­ th~ answer to question 1 " wife of so and ~o " portion of this amount. Sorting and ta.bulation cost a further sum of Rs. 634-12-0 exclUding in both cases Question 2 (A,qe).-The answer should be in years; .any proportion of overhead costs of the census office. as Atccurately as possible. If the person does not ~The total amount, that is to say, of Rs. 1,418 re­ know. his or her age, the census official should try and presents the additional cost to the census budget over find It out as well as he cart. For example, :in ~nd aboye what was incurred in aJ?-y ca~e ~n account Malakand Ageticy, he can ask what age the person 9f the slmult~neous census operatIOns m the N orth­ was at th~ time of the siege of Ma~akand in 18,97 ; West Frontier Province. or at the time Abdul Jabbar Shah arrIved in 1916 and from this ca,lculate th~ age in years. ' INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE 1941 CENSUS Question,3,(Sex).-Enter male or female' as the" case may be.' , 1. The census particulars for every person' (nian', 'woman, and child) are tb be recorded on, a separate Question 4 (Tribe).-Enter the tribe to which the slip. These slips' are bound together in pads of '100 ,person belongs. In the case of Yusafzai enter slips. whether Baizai, Khazazai, Malizai, or Eliasz~i.. Fca:' 2. ,A sample slip is enclosed. It will be seen Hindus and Sikhs, enter Hindu or Sikh as the- case that each slip has six lines on which are to be written maybe. '~he answers to the following six _questions:...... ,. _ Quest~(>n5 (Married, Unmarried, Widow, or ,Widow­ J. NaII\e, 1, er, ?r D1-V01:ced).-T~ere 8houl~ be no.difficulty about ~. Age 1 gettmg. the mformatIOn for thiS question. ;3. Sex '1 , Qu~tion 6 (M~Cfns .ofliv.elihood).-A~k the person' 4. T~jhe1 what hiS means of hvehhood are; and enter the ~riswer. For women, and ,children ,the answer will almost 5. Married, unmarried, widowed, or divorced ,1 always be " none"" in which case make a X. ' 6~ Means' of livelihood ? General.-All answers· should be written in ink • 3. Q¥estionl(.Name).-Thisq1.lestionisno:timport­ 'an~ in l!rdu if possible ;', otherwise they should be .~n~ . i~ its~lf. It is IIl:erely '~skeq. ~n orqer to' ensur~ wntten m Pushto. ' 7'

CHAPTE'R 3-The Results

The sorting of the slips w~s ~aken.up concut:ently among Muslims 1who form. the vast majority of the with the' sorting of t~~ pr~vInClai results,. As In the population). Gene:r:ally speaking; widowers are about case of the Powindah sortIng, extrem~ d~fficulty ,,:as one third- as numerous as widows.. !Three-outstanding experienced in son:e case~ ,on account of the obscure examples of .this' tendency may be quoted; all froin sub-sections of trIbes whICh were recorded on the S~at : in Lilonai tehsil, out of a total .population of slips and which could p.ot be tr~ced in an! availab~e 1,797, there was only one widow, and she was over tribal tables,. This was partIcularly tHe case In / seventy years of age; in Dober tehsil, there was not Swat 'where inone tehsil 40 different tribes emerged a single ~nmarried woman over 30 out of the ,whole from'the first 500 slip~, and a totE\.1 of 81 tribes for population bf 4,899 ; and in Pata!]. tehsil, out of a the wnole tehsiL In such cases the .dozen largest population of 5,290, there were only six unmarried single tribes have been separately listed, and the women over the age of 21. In this tehsil ther~ were remainder lumped togeth.er under "Others ", ,It only 3 widowers. w&s' impossible to get assIsta.nce from ,any revenue .In this Agency there appears to be a' larger ,staff at Malkand as the !Staff is small and was report~d proportion o£ females to males than the average for to be in arrears 'with i~s oJVn work ?n account. 'of the North-West Frontier Province. The ratio works its preoccupatipn with the cens~s' durIng February, out at 879 females per 1,000 males-, and is' actually The sorting was therefere c?nsIqeraply slowed up, highest in Chitral. It would be a useful study to and as in the case 'of the,PowIndah work, the outturn investigate the theory that the further north· one goes" of the sorters 'had to be/weighted accordinglY. to bring' the more nearly do the sexes approacp. equality in their pay into line with th~ res~ of the sortIng staff. numbers. For th~ p}ll'p?~e of obt~ining as mucK detail as A surprising phenomenon which this table has practicable at· thIS first census of transborder areas, brought out is,the extent of. child marriage. Although ,: results for Table I were separately ta.bulated "for't~e the numbers are not large, there are instances seven provinces of Chitral, the thIrty -one tehsils throughout the Agency. The fact that they are of Swat, and the two tehsils of Dir. 'Yhere it ,,:,as marriages and not merely betrothals is sho~ by the possible to have an accurate e~ough l?~en:t,. p~ds number of child widows and widowers. This is for use in these areas were gIven dlstIngUIshIng curiou~ since it is not the custom of the Pathans of numbers in order to facilitate subse9.uent sorting. the N.-W. F. Province to contract child marriages; This was possible in Chitral, but not In Swat. For and it ought to be quite possible for the States con­ the Protected Area of Malakand and the Kurram cerned to put an end to this 'social evil. The Tehsil villages were separately noted, so that commonest age fqr marriage is between 15 and 20, c;)mplete village lists could be pr~pared., It should girls ,being usually marri~d a year or two younger than be quite practicable to prepa:Fe vIllage hs~s for the boys. The large number of young widows is a result whole of these Agencies on the next occaSIOn. probably of a considerable disparity in the ages of Three tables were prepar~d, which are shown. in husband and wife at the time of marriage. In only .detail in the next Chapt~~, The reJ?1arks whICh one area, Salarzai tehsil of Swat State, do females follow are intended-to bring' out the maIn features of out-number males. I am not aware of any special the tables, Each area is d~alt with-.sep,arately. reason which there may be for this fact. ',MALAKAND A"0ENCY. The necessity for adjusting age groups according to the accepted formula was clearly shown, by ·the TA-BLE I-Tribes heavy conce:atration of ages at cerh1in :fig~res, , No special remarks are called for on this Ta~le. particularly numbers ending in 0 or 5. This tenderu::y ,As far as possible small tribes have been ~ouped WIth became more marked as the ages became higher. " the main tribe of which they are sub-sectIOns; where this has not been possible (as in Swat State) the twelve A number of surprising ages were returned, the larO'est tribes have been separately shown, and the highest being 220 years. This man was shown ~s lumped together under " Others". being unmarried, and a juggler by occupatiolL re~ainder He evidently practised his art in answering the census Males always exceed females, with occasionall?cal questions; and further inquiry after the census exceptions among two classes of the populatIOn" elicited the equally curious information that he was namely' the Sayyids and the Hindus, both of whom are either 20 or 220 years old. In view of the, impossibility :numerically small. In general males exceed females of verifying the rejiurns, it is unfortunately not in the proportion of 879 females to 1 ,000 male~. possible to claim several world records for longevity In Chitral this proportion is 964 females to which the census answers prima facie support. One 1,000 males. man caused some doubt to a sorter whether to It would be interesting to know if this proportion tabulate him as married or unmarried by·returni:n.g the is exceeded in any other Muslim country. answer that his marriage had been postponed. TABLE II-Age and Civil Condition. Roughly speaking, the number of unmarried Several interesting facts emerge ~rom this ta.ble. persons is about th~ same as the number of married Jt shows very clearly th~ extent· of WIdow remarnage and widow'ed. (h'anted the pri:1ctice of efl.rly marriage 8

:and the fact that nearly everyone gets married (not versal, though of course fewer in numbers, are the unnaturally, in an agricultural community), this would musicians and drummers; Chogha tehsil would point to a low average length of life. A study of this appear to be th~ Salzburg of Swat as it shows .no .~uestion would be very informative. fewer than 58 musicians. In Baranial tehsil one man. TABLE III-Occupation was shown as a book-binder, an unusual addition to the common trades. A number of persons have been This table concerns almost exclusively the adult recorded as students; these include both the seeker male population. As is natural, few women are shown after secular and religious instruction, the latter class .as having any occupation; where they are so shown, being fairly common in Swat . .as sometimes they have been returned as" zemindar"" the entry probably reflects a difference in the attitude Roughly speaking, the males returned as being -of the enumerator. In fact nearly all the women without any occupation exceed the total number ,assist in cultivation (in certain areas polygamy is shown as following all occupations taken together. practised in order to have more assistance), while If we assume that the former are boys of under none own land in their own rights. The probability 15 years, then it would appear again t.hat the average is increased by the fact that occasionally women length of life must be under 30 years. .are recorded as "imams ", an occupatiop. for which women are not eligible and which therefore must mean " Service" almost invariably will 'mean "State "wife of imam ". On the other hand, it is just Service ", but in the absence of any precise indication, possible that there may indeed be one female black­ it has been impossible to separate this kind of service. .smith in Lilonai, as the sorting shows. from private domestic service.' In Chitral, however, every man in the State (i.c., every head of a family) In every area agriculture is the main occupation. owns or has an interest in land. . This explains why, Along with that the usual village craftsmen are well for example, in Turikho prov:ince no artis:;tn represented ; everywhere there are the carpen~ers, appears at all and agriculture is the only occupation .weavers, shoemakers, .barbers, etc. Equally, uni- recorded. '9 CHAPTER' 4----The Taoles

The ~bles whioh follow are in this order .:- A.'=Chitral-State, with provinces as' foHows :- 1. Upper_Chitra! 4. Mulikho 2. La)ler Chitral 5. 'l;urikho 3, Mastuj 6. Latkho 7. Dtosh B.-Swat :State, with tehsils as f~llows :- 1; Gq.gra 16. Ranolai 2 ..Gadarzai 17. Dober 3. Salarzai 18. Nal 4. Daggar· 19. Kabbal 5. Khuda Khel 20 .. Lilonai 6'. Oh'amal 21. Shamozai' 7. Amazai 22. Karang -8-; Chakesar 23. &raniat 9. Chagharzai 24. Jinki Khel 1()) ~arikot 25. Azi Khel 11. Kana. 26. Charbagh 12. Bisham 27. Churara!' 13. Babuzai 28. Martung- 14. Siv 29. Glioiband 1'5. Chbgha 30. Patan . 31. Jajshoi C.-Dir State, with tehsils as follows :- 1. Adinzai 2. Talash D.~Malakand Protected Area.- 1. Swat Ranizai­ t-Swat Raniz~i ' II.-Baizai nI.-Utmankhel 2. Sum Ranizai, E,""':"Kurram .TehsiL ,10

A-CHITRAL !STATE / I-DISTRIBUTION BY SEX TRIBE AND LOCALITY

Name of tribe

Serial PopUlation Kho Ding Raj Gujar No Name of Province r A... r- r-~ r A- ' P M F P M F P M F P M ¥ , 1 Z 3 4 6 6 'I 8 9 10 11 iZ 13 14

1 Upper Chitral 16,071 8,112 7,959 16,071 8,112 7,959 , . 2 Lower Chitral 17,792 8,778 9,014: 14;-908 7,319 7,589 172 76 96' 3 Drosh .. , , 16,467 8,OSI 8,40S -8,552 3,980 4,572 . 2,306 1,131 1,175 ~.991 1,035 '956-, 4: Mastuj " 16,600 8,906 7,694 , 16,430 8,813 7,617 () Turikho, . 11,503 6,027 5,476- , 11,503 6,Q27 5,476 6- Mulikho 13,843 7,096 6,747 13,843 7,096 6,747 7 Latkho .. , . 15,630 7,991 7,639 15,499 7,928 7,571 Total •. 107,SQ6 54,971. 52,935 ,96,806 49,275 47,53J 2,306 1,131 1,175 2,163 1,111 1,052 Name of tribe-contd --... Pathan Bashgale (Muslim) Kalash (Kaffirs) Dalali A- A- A.. r- A- ' "'"'I ( ( r- p M F P M F P M F P M F

16 18 1'l 18 19 20 21 22 23 I 24 25 26 1 Upper Chittal ,'. . . 2 Lower Chitral 366 185 181 596 302 294 1,355 689 666 S Drosh :. l.r064 577 4$7 694 336- 358 685 386 299 4.- Mastuj " f • l) Turikho .• 6 Mulikho .. . . 7 Latkoh f' .., 131 63 68 Total ·. 1,430 762 668 1,421 701 720 1,355 689 666 685 386 299 / __' ______Name of, tribEj-contd,..A.. r- Badakhshi Arandiu Kalash Wakki ';-___.J.. ~ -, ~ P M F P M F P M F P M F

21 28 29 30 31 32 33 31 35 38 ' 3'1 3:1 1 Upper Chitrar 3 Lower Chitral 315 l64 151 3 Drosh 605 303 302 425 225 200, .. I · . 4 Mastuj . ~ .>. 12 7 5 . . 135 75 60 6 Turkiho ...... 6 Mulikho -;!!•• .'. 7 Latkho .. - .. , Total 617 310 307 425 225 200 315 164 151 135 75 60 Name 'of, tribe--<:oncld ---.. Sikh Other Hindu Kamirghaz A A. A.. A- I , ,. ""'I I "-) r .. p M F P M F P M F P M F 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 /9 60 1 Upper Chitral '.2 Lower qutral 42 21 21 4 4 34 18 16 8 Dro~h · . 68 38 30 44 25 19 33 25 8 ~ Mastuj .. 23 H 12 0 Tw:ikho .. .. ',' 6 Mulikho .. 'l Latkho •• Total .. 110 69 61 48 29 19 67 43 24 23 11 12 , 11

A-CHITRAL STATE-contd

II-DISTRIBUTION BY AGE, SEX AND CIVIL CONDITION

Age Population Unmarried Married Widow~d. r- -" , P ·M F P M F P M F P M F

1 2. 3 ;1 15, 6 'I 8 9 10 11 12 13 0..,-1 • 1,275 640 635 1,273 639 634 2 1 1 1-2 3,517 .1,60~ 1,913 3,509 1,601 1,908 8 3 5 2.-3 4,558 1',932 2,626 4,549 1,93r 2,618 9 1 8 3-4 5,404 2,245 3,159 5,38~ 2,24:1: '3,146" 17 4 13 4-5 4,309 1,890 2,419 4,280 1,883 2,397 28 7 2.1 1 1 \ 0-5 19,063 8,311 10,752' 18,998 8,295 10,703 64 16 48 1 1

5:_10 21,223 10,316 10,907' 20,794 10,195 10,599 427 121 306 2 2 10-15 .11,325 6,856 4,469 9,814 6,332 3,482 1,507 524 983 4 4 15-20 8,391 4;822 3,569 4,254 3,231 1,023 4,095 1,590 2,505 42 1 41 20-25 7,441 3,861 3,580 1,877 1,562 315 5,448 2,283 3,165 116 16 100 25-30 8,931 4,309 4,622 1,012 888 124 7,703 3,382 4,321 216 39 177 " . 30-35 7,424 3,753 3,671 469 406 6& 6,706 3,277 .3,429 249 70 179 35-40 6,524 3,401 3,123 208 , 162 46 5,885, 3,141 2,744, 431 98 333 40-45 4,794 2,519 2,275 106 66 40 4,266 2,364 1,902 422 89 333 45-50 4,008 2,033 '1,975 52- 27 25 3,301 1,887 '1,414 655 119 536 50-55 2,804 1,477 1,327.. 29 17 12 2,225 '1,358, 867 550 102 448 _' 55-60 2,448 1,367 1,081 16 10 6 1,629 1,182 447 803 175 628 60-65 1,566 857 709 5 4 1 963 717 246 598 '136 462 65-.-70 881 465 416 4 2 2 486 368 U8 391, 95 296 70 & oy~r 1,053 624 459 4 3 1 536 ':1:37 99 543 184 359 " Total '107,906 54,971 52,935 57,642 31;200 26,442 45,241 22,647 ~2,594 5,023 1,124 3,899

III-MEANS OF LIVELIHOOD Serial 'Means of livelihood Persons Males Females No .t

1 2 3 4 /j ~ 1 Agriculture 106,824 , 54,404 52,420 2 Merchant .. 839 441 398 3 No occupation 120 49 71 4 Labourer .. 72 34 38 5 Service 35 31 4 6 Blacksmith .. , 3 3 7 Rental income 3 3 8 Tailor Master 2 2 9 Beggar 2 1 1 10 Ruler 1 1 11 CarpeJ?ter .. 1 1 12 Imam 1 1 13 Milkman 1 1 14 Barbe! 1 1 15 Washerman 1 'I

Total 107,906 54,971 52,935

NOTE.-Children of, zamindars have been retumed ~th the occupation "agriculture n. ~ all Chit~~lis lutve ~ !l~ct or indirect. interest in land, -artisaJlS have been re~urned only in the fey< cases lis~ed. , M84CensUB -12

B-SWAT STA'EE I-DISTRIBU,TION BY SEX, TRIBE AND LOOALITY

NaJIle of trihe~ontd Serial ~ame of ,,- "'""'\ No tahsil Population Baizai Khwozozai Alizai ----A. ' ,- ,- { , P'~ M F P M F B 11{ F. P M F 1 2 3 I 6 6 7 8 {I 10 11 12 13 14 1 Gagra. 20,243 10,566 9,677 2 Gadarzai 9,766 5,088 4,678 9,702 5,045 4,657 3 Salarzai -.. 9,180 4,39~ 4,787 9,176 4,390 4,786 4 Daggar 13,459 6,886 6,573 ,. 13,427 . 6,867 6,560 5 Cha&harzai 14,812 7,432 6.880 "I. 6 Khuda Khel 12,600 6,540 6,060 7 Chamal 11,424 6,242 5,182 .. • 8 Amazai 5,859 • 3,235 2,624 9 Chakesar ., 10,487 5,7'54 4,733 8,914 4,891 4.023 10 Ghorband 18.926 10,02.7 8,899 18,926, 10,027 8,899 11 Kana. 14,217 7;801 6,416 14,213 7,800 6,4.13 12 Mari~ng 13,411 6,900 6,511' ~,904: 1,024 880 13 Chogha 18,024 9,580 8,444 .. 8,981 4,586 4,395 14 Bisna.m 11,686 6,244 5,442 11,686 6,244 5,442 15 Lilonai 7,797 3,977 3,820' 7,791 3,971 3,820 16 Patan 5,200 2,857 2,343 55 54 1 ., . 17 Siv 2,837 1,641 1,196 18 Dober 4,899 2,655 2,244 1,059 574 485 19 Ranolai 7,720 4,150 3,570 .66 45 21 20 Karang 4,157 2,347 1,810 1,608 921 687 .. 21 Jajshoi 2,547 1,445 1,102 373 222 151 .; >22 Shamozai .. 7,103 3,767 3,336 1,196 '""646 550 5,71Q 3,044., 2,731 12 15 7 23 Barikot 16,096 8,535 7,561 1[1,815 8,397· .7,418 24 Kabbal 41,006 22,774 18,232 4O,9~4 22,759 18,225' 25 Charbagh .... 15,267 ( 8,050' 7,217 15,267· 8,050 7,217 . .., 26 Azi Khel .• 18,741 10,012 8,729 lS,708 9,999 8;709 27 Nal 52,334, 28.162' 24,172 304 166 138 8S,60~ 20,653 17,9&2 28 Jihki Khel 11,140 ,6,017 5,123 11,138 6,013- li,12~ '29 Cllurarai 8,635, 4,659, . 3,976 7,276- ~,980 3,29,6 94- 50. 44 30 Baranial 16,361 8,773- , 7,588 14,745 ,858 6,887 31 Babuzai 40,580 21,497 19,083 40,140 21,266 18,874 ..

23~tOO6 19~,l,88- 102,1~ 89,034 .sq,~8, 4,(},506 3~,952 41.~98 20,8Q3 20,405 To~. ,4J~Ol~ 2~~,?O8. ,""

Name of tribe-contd

Malizai ¥anq.1l-9 Chagharzai Akozai r- p P M F ~ M F P M :Ii' M F 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 1 ;Gagra. 15,965.... 8,265 7,700 .. 2 Gadarzai l' • 3 S(!,larzai ., 4 Daggar [} ChagharJ;ai 5,828, 2,9[6 2,842 , .

6 Khuda. Khel 8,382 4,325 4,057 \ ... ~ 7 Qhamal 10,407 5,653 4,754 j .• S Amazai 9 -'"Chakesar .. ., 10 Ghorband ", 11 Kana ., 12 Martung 10,506 5,358. 5:14~, 13 Phogha 9,015 4,980 4,035 14 Bisham }5 Lilonai l(l Patan .. . " 17 Siv ]8' Dober 19. Ranolai 20 Karang

21 Jajshoi ...~ 22 Shamozai .• .J. 5 2 3 ., .. 23· ·Barikot 74 25 49 97 51 46 24 Kabba1 25 Charbagh .• .. 26 Azi Khel .. .. 27 rNa} 14 8 6 28 Jinki Kpel 29 Churarai •• ". 30 Baranial .. ','. .. 31 Babuzai-. .. TotaJ 21,881 11.284 10,597 18,891 10,031 8,860 10,506 5,358 5,148 9,015 4.1)80' 4,035 ~3

B~SWAT STATE-contd I-DISTRIBUTION BY SEX, TRIBE AND LOCALITY-contd Name of tribe-;-contd

S~ria.l Name of"""~ r- Amazai Gujar Afghan Mullah Khel No tehsil r- r- r- P M F P M p M F P M F F \ 21 28 29 30 31 92 33 34 36 36 37 88 1 Gagra 108 52 56 2 Gadarzai 3 Salarzai 4 Daggar 5 Chagharza.i 1,088 579 509 3,898 1,776 1,617 ~069 560 509 6 Kh~d:1 Khel 1,580_ 839 741 101 46 55 483 253 230 7 Chamal , ~ 8 Amazai 5,859 3,235 2,624 9 Chakesar " 10 Ghorband 11 Kana 12 Martnng .. 274 141 133 13 Chogha 14 Bisham ~ , 15 Lilonai ;) 16 Patan 17 Siv 63 35 '28 IS Dober . 782 431 351 258 136 122 19 Ranolai 92 64 28 20 Karang 291... 155 136 21 JajRhoi 438 234 204 , ! 56 22 34 22 Shamozai·, , 44 26 18 23· Barikot 24 KaLbal 25 Charbag~ .. .. .". \ .. 2\} Azi Khel .. .. ' 2] Nal .., 2~ Jinki Klrol 29 Churarai- >" 78 .37 41 1 1 , ; 30, Baranial. ... 9if1 528 439 31 Babuzai 6 3 3 Total 5,8!)9 3,235 2;624 4,.461 2;3"77 2,084 3,4911 1,823 1,672 3;216 .1,718 1,4~8

Namf),of tribe-concld r'-' , Say,Y_id .. Hindu, Sikh "Others r- r- r- -. p M F P M F P M F P M F 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 48 47 48 .49 50

1 Gagra 115 53 62 57 38 19 1 1 8,997 2,157 1;840 2 Gadarzai 45 28 17 -1.8 14 4 1 1 3 Salarzai .4 3 ,1 4 Daggar 32 .19 13 5 Chagharzai 471- ~3a 247 47 27 20 2,410 1,274 1;136 6 Khuda khal 483 238' 245 97 43 54 24 19 5 1,450 777 673 7 Chamal ", 54 27 27 963 562 401 8 Amazai ,. . 'r ., 9 Chakesar ., 89 19 20 '1,534 844 690 io Ghorband 11 Kana 4 1 3 12 Martung 151 80"" 71 86 15 21 540 282 258 13, Chogha .. .. 28' 14 14 .J, 14 Bisham "I 15 Lilonai 16 Pa.tan 55 32 23 5,090 .2,771 2,319 17 Siv 116 60 56 2,658 1,546 1,112 18 Dober 203 112 91 2,597 1,402 1,195 19 Ranolai 117 65 52 7,445 3,976 3,469 20 Karang 2,258 1,271 987- 21 Jajshoi ;1,680 967 713 22 Sha.mozai .' 58 36 22 18 8 5 23 Barikot 85 45 40 25 17 S 24 Kabbal 22 ' 15 7 25 Charbagh .. 26 Azi Khel .. 27 9 18 6 4 2 27 Nal 108 55 53 13,303 7,280 6,023 28 Jinki Khel 4 4 29 Churara.i 854 447 407 882 144 l@S 30 Barania.l 649 l!87 ~62 3] Babuza.i 7 1 6 139 84 55 288 143 145 Total 2,686 1,373 1,313 748 407 I 341 49 38 11 47.263 25,829 21,434 14

B-swAT STATE-contd

II-DISTRIBUTION BY AGE, SEX AND CJVIL CONDITION

Population Ul'lmarried Married Widowed A_ _.J Age r- r- r- ~ ~ M F .p M F P M F P M F 1 2 :3 4 5 fj 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 '0-1 2,757 1,502 1,255 2,753 1,498 1,255 4 4 .. :1-2 ·. ],5,538 8,057 7,481 15,518 8,049 7;469 20 8 12 / -2-3 · . 16,792 8,502 8,290 16,754 8,490 8,264 36 12 24 2 2 ~-4: · . 17,526 8,780 8,746 17,483 8,764 8,719 42 16 26 1 1 4-5 · . 17,549 8,870 8,679 17,489 '8,845 8,644 59 25 34 1 1

(h.;5 70.162 35,711 34,451 69,997 3j),646 34,351 161 65 96 4 .l 4 5-10 · . 75,583 41,438 34,145 74,689 41,209 33,480 885 226 659 9 3 6 10-15 · . 47,7,04 26,363 21,341 41,370 25,235 16,135 6,270 1,114 5,156 64 14 50 15-20 · . 44,867 22,272 22,595 22,626 16,804 &,822 21.-927 5,394 16,533 314 74 240 '~O-25 ·. 37.912. 18,550 19,362, 10.237 8,658 1,579 27.130 9,768 17,362 545 124 421 25-30 . 43.731 22,053 21,678 5.495 4,797 698 36.830 16,944 19,886 1,406 312 1,094 , · 30-35 28.666 15,100 13,566 2,596 2,237 359 24,867 12,587 12,280 1,203 276 927 35-40 · . 26,614 '14,269 12,345 1,523 1,264 259 22,310 1~,515 9,795 2.781 • '490 2,291 40-45 · . 17.~52 9,799 8,053 " 932 748 184 14,794 8,674 6,120 2,126 377 1,749 45~50 · . 14.529 8,697 5,832 570 473 97 11,186 7,709 3,477 2,773 515 2,258 50-55, 10,095 6,179 3,916 410 355 55 7,661 5,438 2,223 2,024' 386 1,638 55-60 .. -1.1,071 '6,668 4,403 480 411 69 7,272 5,561 1,711 3.319 696 2,623 -'()O-65 7.755 4,762 '2,993 313 -266 47 5,101 3,986 1,115 2,341 ·510 1,831

65-70 ,3f 2SS" ~62 1,023 11S 108 10 2,115 1,825 290 1.052 329 723 70'& over 6.188 3,883 2,305 342 312 30 3,119 2,636 483 2,727 935 1,792

Total • .446,014238,006208,008231,698138,52393,175 191,62894,442 97,186 ~2,688 5,041 17,647 15 B-SWAT-concU III-MEANS OF LIVELIHOOD S~rial No Means of livelihood Persons MaJes Femalee l 2 J 4. 5 1 No occupation , 307.333 108,092 199,241 2 Agriculture .• 111,357 103,4:23 1,934 3 State-service .. 6,348 6,210 138 4 Imam 2,M2 2,463 19 V Shopkeeper 2.497 2,441 56, 1) Lahome! .. 2A15 2,300 115 7 :M.i1k-seller .. 1~679 1,551 128 6 BlacKsmith 1,628 1,591 '~7 9 Carpenter .. ' 1,312 1,288 24: 10 Barber 1,200 1,160 60 II Shepherd 1,137 I,OS1 .oti 12 Student 84~ '6'11 ~l 13 Cobler 765 749, Iii 14 Olay~potter " , -734 7L5 19 15 Weaver 640 (i34 6 16 Goldsmith 494 4'81 13 17 Tailor 477 474 3 18 Shoo-maker 335 335 19 Musician 289 275 14 20 CLoth-merchant " !?is 272 .3 21 Beggar 253 241 3.2 22 Merchant •• 239 231 8 23 Oil-presser .. 177 171) 1 24: Trader 156 1M '2 25 Donkey:driver 144 144 26 V{asherman 82 68 U 27 (Drummer Sl . 81 28 Hakim 75 75 29 Sweeper ~1 J34: 'r( 30 Cott-on-teaser 60 60 31 Butcher ., 59 59 32 Boatman . 50 50 33 Spinner .. 33 33 34 Flour mill owner 31 31 35 Fisherma.n 28 27 1 36 Gardener 21 21 37 Private servant 14 14 38 Tonga Driver 12 12 39 Camel Driver - "I •• 12 12 tiD Others 9 ~ 41 Brass-pot roaker. .... 9, 9 42 Baker 9 9 43 Gun-powder maker S 8 44- Astronomer ·. 8 8 45 Egg Seller ., r; ") 46 Bangle Seller .. 5 5 47 Book-binder .. 5 5 48 Contractor 5- 5 49 Polioo (Kotwali) . ; 4 4: 50 Qazi 4 4: 51 Teacher 4 4 52 Dentist 4 4- .5S~ ":Ajar -o' S 3 54 l;..unatic 2 2. Motor Drive:r ~· . 55 9 2 56 Vaccinator · . 2 2 57 Water-carrier 2 2 58 Rice Mill Worker 1 I 59 Watoh-maker 1 I Comp()'I,mq.er 60 1 1 61 Hermit .. 1 1 62 Doctor 1 1 Total ..... 446,014 238,006 208,008 16 C...-J)lR .BTim

l~DISTRIBUTtQl:j :SY SEX, TRIBE AND ,LaCA~ITY" Name of tribe

Population S~~hi Khe(. ;Utrnanzai Serial r- No ~ ame of tehsil .' P M F P M F p- M F

1 ~ $ 3 4 6 '" 6 'I 8 . fl. 10' 11

1 a.dinzai 2.1.... 954 ~2,1l5 9,839 . . J • , " 5,3(1) , 2,996- 2,304 2 'JJl.lash ~.2,669 6,457 6,212 5 ..~O8 ,2,778 2,530 Total 34".623 18,572 16,051 5,308 2,778 2,530' 5,300 2,996 2,304

N arne of tribe-contil {:'T" , , Others Nur J:5:.hel Dosh libel - IJ'(" "- r- r- ~ P M F P M F, £ M F

12 13 14 16 16 17 .18 19 20 1 -:Adinzai li,082 3,882' 3,200 . . .. 2 4alash . 599 291' 308 3,699 1,871 1,828.... 3,049 r,509' , 1,540 Total 7,681 4,113\ 3,508 ~,,69/9 1,871 1,828 '3,if4:9 1,509 I 1,&40

Name 9£ tribe---;-contd r- . - Khadikzai Mjrasam 'Khel Abazai, r ' A.. , A.. r-.. P Thf F P 1'.1: E, F M: F

21 '~2 23 24. 26 2iJ • ~1 28 29

\ ~ ~ Adinzai 2,938 1,623 1,315 ,2,274" 1,236 1,038' 1,771 964 801 2 ,Talash , ~. I Total 2,938 1,62?, 1,315 2,,274 1,236 1,0~8. 1,711 964. 807

· Na~e of trib~-contd. --A.. r- , '\ . .- Af~4an Buda Khe} Gujar ~ rR,. r-. PM'.: F M F' ~ M F -;:!' 30 31, 32 33 34 35·. 36 37. 38 l:.-Adinzai 649 352 297 635 337 -298 521 291 230 2- ·Talash . ,13 7 6 Total 649 352 297 635 337 ~W~ 034 ~8 236 '"

· , . - Name. pf tribe77concld .. r- . . .A.. · . .. Mulla Khe~J Sayyid.. · Sikh Hindu ( A A.. A .A;. . "\ (' .. , ~. ,\'I,f, ., P M F P M F P M ;E f. ¥ F

89 40 ill '42 43 4.1 45 48 "'I. 48 119 6() 1 . ...Adinzai ·416 237 179 352 187 165 9 5 4"' ',., , 5 2 2 ~'Talash '1 1 To~al 416 237 179 352 187 166 9 5 4 g,

C.-DtB &:TATE-cwU I II-D;rSTRtBUTION BY AGE, SEX AND CIVIL CONDITION Population Unmarried Married Widowed ·Age· rr---=:--A.. "' """"") (,....p~.~ .. .--...... ,~\..-'--.-...,..'-F ...... r------J~---~ r----.-J.~----_ P M F- P M 1!' p~ M F I 2 3 4 5 8 17 8 9 10 11 1Z 13 !1.-1 5.4l.. _ 215 -269' ..539- 2.'l3-..,. 266 ~ 2 1-2 1.053 590 463 1,052 589 463 1 1 2;---3- 1,375 ,67tt 705- 1:;373 669' 704 - 2 :t 3-4 1.525 801 724 1,517 ' 794 723 8 7 4-.,-5 1.462 776 686 1.447 167 680 15 9 0..--5 5,956 3,112 2,844 5,928 3,092 2,836. 28 20 " : ij-10 6,595- 3,59'[ 2,998 6,424 3,551 2,873 1'(0' 46 124 "' 1 .. 1 3,85() 2,199 2,016 10-15 1,651 3:276 1,260 572 183 389 2 . ~ 2 15.--20, 3,028 1,559' 1",469 1,483 1,051 ~2' 1,527 ~OO 1,021 18 ,8 10 20-25 2,717 1,328 1,389 655 525 130 2,024 790 1,234: 38 13 25 25-30 3,131 1..!,6I6 1,515 350 284 66 2,68!! J.1.3.Q8 1,876 97 24 73 30-35 2,380 1,294 1,086 1'40 115 25 2,~22 1,150 972 118 29 89 315-4& 1,956,' 1,059-' I 891 5Ijl 48- It 1,690' 968 722 209 43 ,166 40-45 1,355 714 641 32 26 6 1,160' 655 505 163 33 130 45..-50 1,~ 585 482 24 22 2 829 524 305 214 39 175 50-55 681, 381 300 15 13 2 492 331 161 174 37 137 . I 55-60 652 374 278 13 - 11 2' 441 309 1'38 '192 514" 138 69'~5 53s:. 319=- 220 8 8 36S<- 262 - 106 "163 49 " -"114 65-70 293 175. 118 2 2 199 140 '59 92 3~ 59 70& over 423 26()1 163 3 2 1 264t 193 71 -156 "65 91 Total .. ~4,623 18,572 16,051 18",410 10,766 7,644 14,576 7,379 7,197 1,637 427 1,210 "'III-MEANff OF' :EiVELIHO'OD, Serial­ Means fir livelihfJod- PerSODlf' Males Females No 1 a 6 1 No occupation 20,683 7,162" l,S,521 2 Agrioulturo ".- 12,130 9,771 1,35"9': 3 Shopkeeper '>" ...... 372 321 '6}l' 4 Blaaksmith , . 197 181 16 5 Bar-ber 170 159 11 6 Milk-seller .. 163 129 84 7 State SerVice , . 151 151 1W- 8 Imam' ' ...... 132 9 Business '~ 94 94 ro- Labourer " 87' 72 15 11 Clay Potter ., 80 62 18 12 Carpenter 73.. 59 14: 13 Sweeper ,57 54 3 14 Student 47 43 4:. 15 Shoe-maker .. 43" 39 4,- 16 Donkey-driver 39 39 17 Snepherd 2''1';- 27 18 Goldsmith 25 24 1 19 Tailor 16 16 20. Oil.presser..._ ...... ~ .. --9-, 9 21 Butoher 8 8 22' Musician 6, 6 23 Weaver ... ., 4 4: 24 Gardener . , , .. 3 3 25 tShah Khe~ (Sweeper) . ., 2" 2 26;:: ·H~kimr .:;: .. 2- 2 .... 27 C;{fopper~th .. ~. • .1; , f 1 .28 Watch-maker r 1 ,I, 1 2~). qo~t9n-tess9Q, , , Total 84,623 18,572 16,0.51 is

D-MALAKAND PROTECTED AREA

I-DIS'l;RIBUT~ON BY SEX, TRIBE AND LOOALITY

Name of tribe Population Afghan. Yusaf Zai . , r- ~ocality P M F P M' F P M F " . , "1 2- a 4 () 6 7 8 9 If) Swat Ranizai .. .• 42,957 _22,475 20,482 31,681 16,676 15,005 .. Sum Ranizai .. . 26,203 14,125 12,078 25,107 13,523 11,584 Total 69,160 36,600. 32,560 31,681 16,676 15,005 25,107 13,523 11,584 Name of tribe-contd

;-- ~ Sayyid Hindu Milkman ,.- p M F P M F P M F' 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 Swat Ranizai .. 1,390 773. 617 618 338 280 633 371 262 SumR~nizai 91 46 45 297 186 111 108 54 54 l otal .' . 1,481 S19 662 - 915 524 391 741 425 316 Name of tribe-contd , Sikh MqllaKhel Uma:rKhel p M F P M F P M -p

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

I •• 114 76 38 44 30 14 145 68 77 S~at ~nizai , ~!:1m Ranizai 22 16 6 6 Total 186 92 44 44 30 14 145 68 77

/ Name of tribe-contd

Jola Utman Kliel Swati .1 ..~ - ,.- ---A--___" ----. pi ,¥ F p M F P M ..... ; ~ F <.. -;'!" 29 80 31 32 33 34 36 38 37

Swa.t Ranizai 9 IS 4: 22 17 5 5 2 3 Shni Ranizai 241 138 lOS" 143 69 74 Total 9 5 4 268 155 lOS. 148" 71 77

Name of tribe-concld r- MianKhel Qazi Khel AwaQ Others r- -r- "---,"", p M F P M F P M F P M F

38 89 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 I,'t 48 49 Swat Ranizai 33 20 13 20 n [9 .. '8,243 4,O8~ 4,155 Sum Ranizai 15 14 1 179, 79 100 Total 33 20 13 20 11 9 15 14 1 8,422 4,167' - 4,255 r-MAIAKAJrD PROTECTED" AREA:-con~

II-DISTRIBUTION BY AGE, S~X A:t:ID CIVIL CONnITIO~ .

Population 'Pnma.rrieil "Ma.rried Widowed., ,- r- r- r- Age P 'M F P M :It p M F P M F

~ 2 3 ~ 5 6 1 8 9 10 1i '24 ,13 0-1 732 399 333 703 378 '325 7 6 1 22 15 7 1-2 2,369 1,162 1,207 2.317 1,122 1;195 . 10 . 10 .. ," 42 M 12 2-3 2.811 1,449 1,362 2.732 1,387 1,~45 11 , 9 2 68 53 15 3-4- 2.860 1,388 1,472 2.799 1,336 1,4,(i3' 14 ,14 .• 47 38 ' 9 4--5 2,963 1,516 1,447 2,896 1,470 lA26 15 7 8 52 39 13

0-0 .. 11,735 5,914 5,821 11,447 0,693 5~7.54 57 46 11 231 .1_75 • 56' " 5-10 .. 11,974 6,522 5,452 11,607 6,277 5,3,30 ~30 68 62 237 177 :60 10-15 " 7,579 4,365 3,214 6.763 4,093 2,?70 ,~6 ' J38 .D08 170 134 36 15-20 " 6,511 3,164 3,347 3,546 2,408 1,l~8 ~,~12 ~45 2.167 153. III : '42 20-25 .. 5.997 2,797 3,200 1,698 1,314 384 4,:J,15 IJ~69 2.746 .184 :U4. '70 25-30 .• 6,688 3,301 3,387 953 765 188 6,~5 2,~09 3,006 .320 127 1"93

30-35 .• 4,963 2,665 2,298" 443 353 ,90 4,174 2,2m 1J967 ·346 105, 241 35-40 ,. 3.986 2,223 1,763 204 150 ,54: 3,277 1,972 1,305 .505 101 404 ~0-45 .• 2,775 1,578 1,197 .... .),08 75 33 .. 2.231 1,410 816 436 88 348 45-50 .. 2,327 1,364 963 ·'91 61 30 1,7.20 1,193 .527 516 110 406 50-55 .. '1.486 878 607 65 43 22 1,050 ~53 297 370 82 288 55-60 .. 1,150 642 .'508 50 33 ],,7 699 -629 -'110 401 SO 321 60-65 .. 834 472 362 33 24- l:l 509 685 '124 292 63 229 ti5-70 .. 457 278 179 20 16 4 273 217 56 164 45 119 70,& oyer 699 437 262 37 25 l2 403 327 76 ~59 85 11.4

Total 69,160 36,600 32,560 37,065 ~1,330 15,79P 27,511 13,6'Z3. 13,838 4,584 1~597 2~987

M84Census 20

D-MALAKAND PROTECTED AREA-concld

III-MEANS OF LIVELIHOOD

Serial Means of liveliliood PeI'lSons Males Females No 1 2 <1 , " 5 1 Agriculture , , 20.174 16,166 3,408 2 Labourer .., - 2'.5tJ1 1,781 786 3 Milkman , '827 585 242 , 805 4: Shopkeeper ~ , 734 71 5 Service . , 623 587 36 6 Imam 404 381 17 7 Students r' 315 290 ~5 8 Merchant 281 269 ~2 9· Blacksmith ~79 239 40 10 Carpenter 187 164 23 11 Barber ., 175 155 20 12 Shoemaker . " 125 106 19 13 Tailor master 104 66 38 14 Butcher ... 82 64 18 115 Gold-smith ", 82 72 10 16 Cobbler' ~ 35 11 17 Clay-potper 44 38 6 18 Tonga-driver ,. 44 44 109 Gardener 39 29 10

20 Oil-presser •• !' 2. 17 7 21 Beggar 18 18 22 Camel-driver .. 16 9 7 14 14 23 ponkey-drivel). I 24 SweeJiler .. 14 10 4: 25 MOtor-driver ,'. 14 14 26 Sheph rd 10 9 1 27 Contractor 10 10. 28 Teacher 9 1 . S 9 ,29 Hakim '1' 9 30 Pensioner , .. 6 6

31' Gup.-powder ma~er 6 4: Z 32 Boat:man " 6 6 33 Copper-smith 4 4: 34 Cotton-teaser , , 4 3 1 35 Granthi (Sikh Gurdwara) 4 4 36 .watch-maker 3 3 37 Washer-man ,. 3 3 38 HOIse Shoe-maker 3 3 39 Water-carrier 2 2 40 Musician 2 2 41 Chowkidar ..- 2 -1 1 42 Weaver 1 1 No occupauon 41,773 14,036 43 " 27,737 Total 69,160 36,60Q 32,569 21

E-KURRAM AGENCY

I-DISTRIBUrION BY SEX, TRIBE AND LOCALITY

Name of tribe --. Popula.tion M:augal Tori Dhoperzai r- .,.- .p r "-- Locality P M F M F M P F

1 2 3 I, Ii {; ~ ~ , .1g

Kurrarn Agency 48,577 26,257 22,320 4,164 2,240 1,924 4.125 2,131 1,994

N arne of tribe-contd

Bangash Tori Ghondi Khel Tori Masti Khel p M F P M F P M F

11 12 13 U 15 18 1'1 18 19

Kurram Agency ., 3,101 1/145 11 355 2,857 1,476 1,381 2,469 1,302 1,167

N arne of tribe-contd --A.. Tori Hamza. Khel Tori Alizai Maqbul .,.- ---"------"\ P M F P M F P M F

20 21 22 23 Z4 25 26 21 28

Kun-am Agency .• 2,313 1,256 1,057 1.895 1,O:n 864 1,620 909 711

Name of tribe-contd

Suni Bangasn Tori Bangesh Hindu .,.- r- __.,.______, r- ---., p M F P 1\1 F P Jl.l F , !9 30 31 32 33 31 35 36 37

Knrrllm Agency .. 1,604 884 720 1.114 651 463 695 44:1 254

Name of tribe-aont-d

Siani Watkizai, Pori r r- .,.-- p Ttl F P M F P M F

38 39 10 41 42 43 44 ~ 4~

Jrurram Agency .. 443 261 176 386 200 186 363 192 171

Name of tribe--concld -- Sial Kharoti Others r- ,- p :al F p M F P M F

1/1 ~ 1.9 5(1 51 52 53 54 5S

Kurram Agenoy .. 289 168 121 142 71 65 20.997 1l,Z81 9,710 E-,URRAM AGENC¥-contd

II-DISTRIBUTION'BY AGE, SEX AND CIVIL CONDITION

Population pnmarried Married Widowed -_ r- r- .-.., ,.---_.A.. Age -p M F P M -F Ii M F P M F 1 2 3 4 /) 6 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 Q--'-l •• 279 164 115 279 164 115 .. 1;-2 _.. 1,662 805 857 1,657 802 855 5 ~ 3 2 857 1,670 817 853 .: 2-3 .• 1,674 817 '- 4 .. ~ . . 3-4 .. 1,781 829 952 1,775 827 948 6 2 4: ... '.~ 4-5 •• 1,849 913 93.6 1,844 910 934 5 3 2 . .; , ~ ~5 .• ~.~5 3,528. 3,717 7.225 3,520 3,705 20 8 12 5-10 •• 9,353 5,017 4,336 9,29fj 4,996 4,299 64 21 33 ,4 .. 4: 1O-1{:) '" 5,352 3,204 2,148 4,911 • 3,107 1,864: 373 93 280 8 4: 4 115-20 •• 4,511 2,381 2,130 2,418. 1,812 606 2,033 529 1,5Q4: 60 40 20 20-25 •• 4.064 2,038 2,026 1,102 967 135 2,838 992 1,846 124 79 45 2~30 ,. 4.714 2,427 2,281' 606 544 62 3,827, 1,739 2,088 281 144 137

30-35 .. 3,456 1,899 1,557 288 254 34 2,867 1,496 1,371 301 149 152 39-40 •• - '2,828 1,596 - t,232 179 -.l39 40.- ·2,255· 1,291 95'& 394 160 234 40~5 ., 2,0.55 1,183 872, 108 82 26 1,616 978 638 331 123 208 45-50 .. 1,710 997 ' 713 86 64: 22 1.20Q 789 420 415 144 271 50-55 •• 1,066 625 441 60 44 16 715 469 246 291 112 179

55-60' .. 864 522 342 59 42 17 507 369 138 "298 111 187 60-.65 .• 558 341 217 '37 27 10 323 241 82 198 73 125 65-7

Total 48,57'P' "26',257 22,320 26,488 15.636 10,852 19,030. 9,324 ~706 3,059 1;297 1,762 23

E-KURRAM AGENCY -concld

"III-MEANS OF LIVELIHOOD

Seria.l Means of livelihood Persons Ma.les Females No

1 2 & 4, Ii 1 Agriculture · . 17,888 15,032 2,856 2 No occupation 28,570 9,344 19,226 3 Labourer .: .. 607 529 78 4 Service 254 252 2 5 Barber 177 In7 20 6 Shopkeeper 514 431 88 7 Goldsmith 46 34 12 8 Ima~ 104 104 -.. 9 Merchant 52 52 10 Blacksmith 106 98 8 Potter ·. 61 43 18 ~~, Shepherd 38 30 8 13 Motor-drive~ .• 19 19 14 Beggar o. 24 19 5 15 Carpenter 33 32 1 16 Shoe-maker ·. 5 5 •• 17 Musician 21 ' 20 1 18 Ta.ilor-i.aster 23 21 2 19 Watch-maker 4 4 4. 20 Pensioner 18 18

21 Tonga-driver _ ,...... 3 3 .. 22 Teacher' "".• 3 3 23 Miller 2 2 24 Sweeper 3 3 25 Butcher .'. 1 1 ...

26 Nawdaf ' .. 1 1 Total 48,577 26,257 22,320'

'{s~Census-190-31·12·41-GIrS