Memoir 211 3300 Penrose Place, P.O

Peninsular Ranges Batholith, Baja California and Southern California

edited by

Douglas M. Morton U.S. Geological Survey and Department of Earth Sciences University of California Riverside, California 92521 USA

Fred K. Miller U.S. Geological Survey 904 West Riverside Ave. Spokane, Washington 99201 USA

Memoir 211 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140 Boulder, Colorado 80301-9140, USA 2014

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/955332/mwr211-00.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 Copyright © 2014, The Geological Society of America (GSA), Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright is not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within the scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in other subsequent works and to make unlimited photocopies of items in this volume for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science. Permission is also granted to authors to post the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization’s Web site providing that the posting cites the GSA publication in which the material appears and the citation includes the address line: “Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140 USA (http://www.geosociety.org),” and also providing that the abstract as posted is identical to that which appears in the GSA publication. In addition, an author has the right to use his or her article or a portion of the article in a thesis or dissertation without requesting permission from GSA, provided that the bibliographic citation and the GSA copyright credit line are given on the appropriate pages. For any other form of capture, reproduction, and/or distribution of any item in this volume by any means, contact Permissions, GSA, 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, Colorado 80301-9140, USA; fax +1-303-357-1073; [email protected]. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, sexual orientation, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society.

Published by The Geological Society of America, Inc. 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, Colorado 80301-9140, USA www.geosociety.org

Printed in U.S.A.

GSA Books Science Editors: Kent Condie and F. Edwin Harvey

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Peninsular Ranges batholith, Baja California and southern California / edited by Douglas M. Morton, Fred K. Miller. pages cm — (Memoir / Geological Society of America ; 211) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8137-1211-6 (cloth) 1. Batholiths—California, Southern. 2. Geology—California, Southern. 3. Baja California (Mexico: Peninsula) I. Morton, Douglas M. II. Miller, Fred K. III. Series: Memoir (Geological Society of America) ; 211. QE75.P46 2014 557.2’2—dc23

2013044872

Cover: Geologic map of the Ramona plutonic complex, Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California (from V.R. Todd et al., 2006, Geologic Map of the Ramona 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, San Diego, California: A Digital Database: Version 1: California Geological Survey Preliminary Geologic Map, scale 1:24,000). See V.R. Todd et al., Chapter 17, this volume, doi:10.1130/2014.1211(17), for legend and more information.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/955332/mwr211-00.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 This Memoir is dedicated to those Peninsular Ranges batholith researchers on whose shoulders we stand, and especially to the four chapter authors who are no longer with us— Alex Baird, Barney Berger, Gordon Gastil, and Stirling Shaw.

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/955332/mwr211-00.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/955332/mwr211-00.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 Contents

Foreword ...... ix Douglas M. Morton

1. Geophysical framework of the Peninsular Ranges batholith—Implications for tectonic evolution and neotectonics ...... 1 V.E. Langenheim, R.C. Jachens, and C. Aiken

2. Age and isotopic systematics of Cretaceous borehole and surface samples from the greater Los Angeles Basin region: Implications for the types of crust that might underlie Los Angeles and their distribution along late Cenozoic fault systems ...... 21 Wayne R. Premo, Douglas M. Morton, and Ronald W. Kistler

3. Framework and petrogenesis of the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California ...... 61 D.M. Morton, F.K. Miller, R.W. Kistler, W.R. Premo, C-T.A. Lee, V.E. Langenheim, J.L. Wooden, L.W. Snee, B.L. Clausen, and P. Cossette

4. U-Pb zircon geochronology of plutonism in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for the Late Cretaceous tectonic evolution of southern California ...... 145 Wayne R. Premo, Douglas M. Morton, Joseph L. Wooden, and C. Mark Fanning

5. Potassium-argon cooling ages in the northern part of the Peninsular Ranges batholith and offsets on the Elsinore and San Jacinto fault zones ...... 181 F.K. Miller, D.M. Morton, and W.R. Premo

6. Thermochronology of Cretaceous batholithic rocks in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for the Late Cretaceous tectonic evolution of southern California ...... 199 Daniel P. Miggins, Wayne R. Premo, Lawrence W. Snee, Ross Yeoman, Nancy D. Naeser, Charles W. Naeser, and Douglas M. Morton

7. Pb-Sr-Nd-O isotopic characterization of Mesozoic rocks throughout the northern end of the Peninsular Ranges batholith: Isotopic evidence for the magmatic evolution of oceanic arc–continental margin accretion during the Late Cretaceous of southern California ...... 263 Ronald W. Kistler, Joseph L. Wooden, Wayne R. Premo, and Douglas M. Morton

8. Low-initial-Sr felsic plutons of the northwestern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California, and the role of mafic-felsic magma mixing in continental crust formation ...... 317 Benjamin L. Clausen, Douglas M. Morton, Ronald W. Kistler, and Cin-Ty A. Lee

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/955332/mwr211-00.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 vi Contents

9. Santiago Peak volcanics: Early Cretaceous arc volcanism of the western Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California ...... 345 Charles T. Herzig and David L. Kimbrough

10. Petrology and chemistry of the Green Acres gabbro complex near Winchester, Riverside County, California ...... 365 Byron R. Berger

11. Lakeview Mountains pluton: A dynamically emplaced pluton, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California ...... 395 D.M. Morton, R.W. Kistler, F.K. Miller, V.E. Langenheim, W.R. Premo, J.L. Wooden, P.M. Cossette, and R.C. Jachens

12. A study of sampling requirements to determine modal variability within the Lakeview Mountains pluton, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California ...... 421 A.K. Baird, W.B. Wadsworth, and D.M. Morton

13. Subduction transitioning from beneath oceanic crust to beneath continental crust, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith: Structural and thermal imprint on prebatholithic rocks ...... 433 Douglas M. Morton, Rachel M. Alvarez, Alison Alcott, Fred K. Miller, and Pamela M. Cossette

14. SHRIMP-RG U-Pb ages of provenance and metamorphism from detrital zircon populations and Pb-Sr-Nd signatures of prebatholithic metasedimentary rocks at Searl Ridge, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for their age, origin, and tectonic setting ...... 449 Wayne R. Premo and Douglas M. Morton

15. A west-to-east geologic transect across the Peninsular Ranges batholith, San Diego County, California: Zircon 176Hf/177Hf evidence for the mixing of crustal- and mantle-derived magmas, and comparisons with the Sierra Nevada batholith ...... 499 Stirling E. Shaw, Victoria R. Todd, David L. Kimbrough, and Norman J. Pearson

16. Mineralogy and physical properties of plutonic and metamorphic rocks of the Peninsular Ranges batholith, San Diego County, California ...... 537 Victoria R. Todd, Stirling E. Shaw, and Victoria E. Langenheim

17. The zoned Ramona plutonic complex: An Early Cretaceous mid- to upper-crustal intrusive sequence, Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California ...... 583 Victoria R. Todd, Janis L. Hernandez, and Lawrence L. Busch

18. The Rattlesnake Valley and Oriflamme Canyon plutons: Key temporal markers in the Jurassic and Cretaceous development of the transition zone of the Peninsular Ranges batholith ...... 609 Cassady Bethel-Thompson, Jon Sainsbury, Jason W. Ricketts, and Gary H. Girty

19. Upper Jurassic Peñasquitos Formation—Forearc basin western wall rock of the Peninsular Ranges batholith ...... 625 David L. Kimbrough, Patrick L. Abbott, Duane C. Balch, Sarah Hosken Bartling, Marty Grove, J. Brian Mahoney, and Robert F. Donohue

20. Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Peninsular Ranges batholith, Baja California, Mexico: Long-lived history of a collisional segment in the Mesozoic Cordilleran arc ...... 645 K.L. Schmidt, P.H. Wetmore, H. Alsleben, and S.R. Paterson

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/955332/mwr211-00.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 Contents vii

21. Tectonic implications of postcontractional magmatism of the Alisitos arc segment of the Peninsular Ranges, Baja California, Mexico ...... 669 Paul H. Wetmore, Scott S. Hughes, Ciprian Stremtan, Mihai N. Ducea, and Helge Alsleben

22. Structural evidence for mid-Cretaceous suturing of the Alisitos arc to North America from the Sierra Calamajue, Baja California, Mexico ...... 691 H. Alsleben, P.H. Wetmore, and S.R. Paterson

23. A paleomagnetic transect of the mid-Cretaceous Peninsular Ranges batholith, Baja California, Mexico ...... 713 Roberto S. Molina-Garza, Luis A. Delgado-Argote, Harald Böhnel, Elisa Ramírez, Amabel Ortega, and Rubén Contreras Flores

24. The Sierra San Pedro Mártir zoned pluton, Baja California, Mexico ...... 739 R. Gordon Gastil, David L. Kimbrough, Joan M. Kimbrough, Marty Grove, and Masaaki Shimizu

Douglas M. Morton U.S. Geological Survey and Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA

Isotopic, geochemical, and geophysical research, combined with new regional and detailed geologic mapping over the past several decades has identifi ed the Peninsular Ranges batholith as a world-class exam- ple of continental growth by island-arc accretion. Our current understanding of the nature and origin of the batholith was preceded by the progressive advances of earlier workers. The batholith has long been recognized to consist of a relatively mafi c western part and a less mafi c eastern part (e.g., Larsen, 1948). Major- element variation, based on exhaustive, systematic sampling of plutons in the northern part of the Peninsular Ranges batholith by Baird and colleagues at Pomona College, led them to interpret the western part to have been derived from magma sources having more oceanic affi nities, and the eastern part from sources having more continental affi nities (Baird and Miesch, 1984). Krummenacher et al. (1975) documented a systematic age gradient of conventional K-Ar ages from old in the west to young in the east. Although conventional K-Ar ages were subsequently recognized to be largely affected by the regional cooling history, later work using U-Pb methods on zircons established the emplacement ages of Peninsular Ranges batholith plutons and verifi ed a west-to-east emplacement sequence (e.g., Silver and Chappell, 1988; Ortega-Rivera, 2003). This earlier work, combined with that done in the past decade, has led to the Peninsular Ranges batholith and its coeval volcanic rocks being viewed in terms of continental growth through the accretion of an oceanic arc (e.g., Busby, 2004; Lee et al., 2007). Understanding of the Peninsular Ranges batholith, especially in Baja California, was greatly advanced through the dedication of Gordon Gastil, and his colleagues and students at San Diego State University, from 1963 to his death in 2013. His early major work in Baja California, GSA Memoir 140 (Gastil et al., 1975), was published in 1975, and his last paper, on the Sierra San Pedro Mártir pluton, is included in this volume. California Institute of Technology geologists, especially Leon Silver and his students, have contributed a number of topical studies on both the southern California and Baja California parts of the Peninsular Ranges batholith. Our understanding of the Baja California portion of the batholith has been greatly advanced by researchers at Centro de Investigación Científi ca y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), by faculty and students from Stanford University, and by Scott Paterson and his students at the University of Southern California. GSA Special Paper 374 (Johnson et al., 2003) produced a large number of papers covering a broad breadth of batholith-related work. As of the time of this publication, most of the Peninsular Ranges batholith in southern California has been covered by 1:24,000-scale geologic maps, which, in combination with modern isotopic, geochemical, and geophysical studies, have provided the necessary foundation for initial regional synthesis (e.g., Shaw et al., 2003; Todd et al., 2003). Contributions to this volume build on those in GSA Special Paper 374, and include revised and (or) updated work, in addition to new interpretations of the Peninsular Ranges batholith. In the current volume,

Morton, D.M., 2014, Foreword, in Morton, D.M., and Miller, F.K., eds., Peninsular Ranges Batholith, Baja California and Southern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 211, p. ix–xii, doi:10.1130/2014.1211(00). For permission to copy, contact [email protected]. © 2014 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/955332/mwr211-00.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 x Foreword

considerable effort has been made to make available large databases of geochemical and isotopic data that have previously been unpublished or available only in older, diffi cult-to-access publications. It is intended that ready access to these databases will be utilized and benefi cial to future studies. The geophysical framework for the batholith is defi ned by Langenheim et al. (Chapter 1). They show clearly that for its entire length, the batholith consists of a mafi c, dense, and magnetic western part that has relatively high seismic velocities and a less dense, weakly magnetic eastern part having lower seismic velocities. Most of the papers herein fall into one of three geographic areas: (1) the northern part of the Peninsular Ranges batholith south to 33° N, (2) the area of San Diego County, and (3) Baja California, south of the Agua Blanca fault between 32° and 29° N.

NORTHERN PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH

The northwestern part of the Peninsular Ranges batholith is covered by sedimentary rocks of the Los Angeles basin. New isotopic data obtained from a combination of surface and subsurface samples by Premo et al. (Chapter 2) and Miggins et al. (Chapter 6) help to clarify and distinguish batholith basement from the Transverse Ranges basement to the north. Distinction of the two basement types, which has been incon- clusive in the past, is fundamental to structural interpretations involving Peninsular Ranges batholith and Transverse Ranges Province granitic rocks. Morton et al. (Chapter 3) interpret the Peninsular Ranges batholith from the southern edge of the Trans- verse Ranges basement, south to 33° N, to consist of fi ve domains; four are autochthonous and one is allochthonous. Systematic differences between the four autochthonous domains are interpreted to refl ect subduction magmatism transiting from emplacement though oceanic crust in the west to emplacement though continental crust in the east. Based on U-Pb zircon dating by Premo et al. (Chapter 4), emplacement ages of plutons in the northern part of the autochthonous Peninsular Ranges batholith have a relatively smooth transition from 126 Ma in the west to 91 Ma in the east; the allochthonous easternmost Peninsular Ranges batholith has an age of ca. 85 Ma. Miller et al. (Chapter 5) provide a comparison of conventional K-Ar ages and U-Pb isotope ages. Miggins et al. (Chapter 6) present extensive new data on the thermochronology of the northern Peninsu- lar Ranges batholith, integrating U-Pb, 40Ar-39Ar, and fi ssion-track data for specifi c minerals. Kistler et al. (Chapter 7) developed extensive initial 87Sr/86Sr isotope data for the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith that shows a progressive increase in 87Sr/86Sr values from west to east. Clausen et al. (Chapter 8) interpret chemical variation of the low 87Sr/86Sr rocks of the western part of the Peninsular Ranges batholith as a product of magma mixing. The Santiago Peak Volcanics have commonly been interpreted as “slightly” metamorphosed, and Juras- sic in age (e.g., Larsen, 1948; Jahns, 1954). Using detailed mapping, geochemistry, and isotopic data in the “type locality” in the Santa Ana Mountains, Herzig and Kimbrough (Chapter 9) clearly show that the volcanics are unmetamorphosed Cretaceous suprabatholithic rocks. Two plutonic complexes in this part of the batholith are treated in detail. Berger (Chapter 10) presents detailed geochemical data on the Green Acres gabbro, and Morton et al. (Chapter 11) discuss the adja- cent dynamically emplaced Lakeview Mountains pluton. X-ray diffraction modal data are given by Baird et al. (Chapter 12) for the extremely heterogeneous tonalite of the Lakeview Mountains pluton. Structural imprint of deformation and an abrupt metamorphic gradient in the prebatholithic rocks in the Winchester area (Schwarcz, 1969) are interpreted to be the result of subduction transitioning from oceanic crust to continental crust by Morton et al. (Chapter 13). Premo and Morton (Chapter 14), based on U-Pb isotopes from metamorphic zircon rims on detrital zircons, interpreted subduction transitioning from oceanic to continental crust to have occurred at 105–97 Ma. Miggins et al. (Chapter 6) present an interpretation of the thermal history of this deformation zone.

SAN DIEGO COUNTY PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH

Todd et al. (Chapter 16) and Shaw et al. (Chapter 15) build on their earlier, comprehensive, batholith- wide synthesis (Todd et al., 2003; Shaw et al., 2003). New zircon Hf isotope data by Shaw et al. unexpectedly include Neoproterozoic components in the western part of the batholith that are considered to be otherwise

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/955332/mwr211-00.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 Foreword xi

isotopically primitive. For the same area, Todd et al. (Chapter 16) provide extensive data on the mineralogy and physical properties of the batholith. The Ramona ring complex, ﬁ rst described by Merriam (1941), was mapped in detail by Todd et al. [(Chapter 17). Based on the new mapping, accompanied by new chemical and age data, they show the Ramona ring complex to be composed of 12 separate plutonic bodies, representing six regional geologic suites, and emplaced over a period of ca. 14 Ma. In the area of the Rattlesnake Valley and Oriﬂ amme Canyon plutons, located in the transition area between

the western and eastern parts of the batholith, Bethel-Thompson et al. (Chapter 18) interpreted S1 cleavage to be the result of oblique sinistral convergence between the Farallon and North American plates, followed by orthogonal convergence from 140 Ma to 125 Ma, and then normal convergence continuing until ca. 115 Ma. Correlation and the regional relationships of the interbedded marine sedimentary rocks and volcaniclastic rocks in the area of Rancho Santa Fe and the City of San Diego have long been an unresolved problem. Kimbrough et al. (Chapter 19) name this sequence the Peñasquitos Formation, and have determined new U-Pb isotopic ages of 144.5–148 Ma for the constituent volcaniclastic rocks. These new dates clearly distinguish the Peñasquitos sequence from the 128 Ma to 110 Ma Santiago Peak Volcanics (see Herzig and Kimbrough, Chapter 9) with which they have commonly been correlated (e.g., Fife et al., 1967).

BAJA CALIFORNIA PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH

Research in Baja California reported in this volume is concentrated south of the Agua Blanca fault, between 32° and 29° N. Much of it is the outgrowth of work done by Scott Paterson and his students. Schmidt et al. (Chapter 20) interpret the Triassic and Jurassic accretionary prism and forearc basin assemblages and the Cretaceous Santiago Peak continental arc to be continuous from the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith to south of the Agua Blanca fault. The Alisitos oceanic arc is interpreted to be older than previously thought, originating in the Jurassic and possibly the Triassic. Part of the Santiago Peak continental arc is interpreted to have been removed during collision of the Alisitos oceanic arc. Wetmore et al. (Chapter 21) present data that suggests the Alisitos oceanic arc was accreted during the Cretaceous, resulting in collision-produced deformation concentrated along the northern and eastern margins of the arc. Magmatism occurred before, during, and after accretion, and the collision caused a major increase in magma generation and emplacement. In the Sierra Calamajue area, Alsleben et al. (Chapter 22) describe an eastward increase in the degree of deformation and an increase in metamorphism, from greenschist to amphibolite grade. These changes are interpreted to be the result of the accretion of the Alisitos oceanic arc. Molina-Garza et al. (Chapter 23) provide a structural, paleomagnetic, and magnetic fabric transect across the batholith. Plutons in the western zone of the Peninsular Ranges batholith, after rotation to compensate for closure of the Gulf of California, have paleopoles concordant with the North American reference pole. For plutons in the transition between the western and eastern zones of the batholith, the paleopoles are discordant indicating clockwise rotation of 31° to 46°. Paleopoles from the eastern zone are slightly discordant due to a westward tilt of 15°. Molina-Garza et al. interpret their data to reﬂ ect slight, if any, internal deformation in the western zone, intense deformation in the transition zone, and slight deformation in the eastern zone. Gastil et al. (Chapter 24) present a detailed study of the compositionally zoned Sierra San Pedro Mártir pluton, which is one of the earliest described plutons in Baja California (Woodford and Harris, 1938). It is a major La Posta–type pluton located at 32° N. New U-Pb ages indicate the pluton was emplaced over a 6 Ma period, and has a 96 Ma outer part and a 90 Ma core. Unlike La Posta–type plutons to the north, the Sierra San Pedro Mártir pluton is both ilmenite and magnetite bearing.

REFERENCES CITED margin basins of Baja California, Mexico: Tectonophysics, v. 392, p. 241–277, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2004.04.017. Fife, D.L., Minch, J.A., and Crampton, P.J., 1967, Late Juras- Baird, A.K., and Miesch, A.T., 1984, Batholithic Rocks of sic age of the Santiago Peak Volcanics, California: Geo- Southern California—A Model for the Petrochemical logical Society of America Bulletin, v. 78, p. 299–304, Nature of Their Source Materials: U.S. Geological Survey doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1967)78[299:LJAOTS]2.0.CO;2. Professional Paper 1284, 42 p. Gastil, R.G., Phillips, R.P., and Allison, E.C., 1975, Reconnais- Busby, C., 2004, Continental growth at convergent margins facing sance Geology of the State of Baja California: Geological large ocean basins: A case study from Mesozoic convergent- Society of America Memoir 140, 170 p. plus plates.

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/955332/mwr211-00.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 xii Foreword

Herzig, C.T., and Kimbrough, D.L., 2014, this volume, San- and Baja California: Tectonic implications for western tiago Peak volcanics: Early Cretaceous arc volcanism Mexico, in Johnson, S.E., Paterson, S.R., Fletcher, J.M., of the western Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern Girty, G.H., Kimbrough, D.L., and Martín-Barajas, A., California, in Morton, D.M., and Miller, F.K., eds., Pen- eds., Tectonic Evolution of Northwestern Mexico and the insular Ranges Batholith, Baja California and Southern Southwestern USA: Geological Society of America Spe- California: Geological Society of America Memoir 211, cial Paper 374, p. 297–335. doi:10.1130/2014.1211(09). Schwarcz, H.P., 1969, Pre-Cretaceous Sedimentation and Meta- Jahns, R.H., 1954, Geology of the Peninsular Ranges province, morphism in the Winchester Area, Northern Peninsular southern California and Baja California, in Jahns, R.H., Ranges, California: Geological Society of America Spe- ed., Geology of Southern California: California Division cial Paper 100, 63 p. of Mines Bulletin 170, Chapter II, Geology of the Natural Shaw, S.E., Todd, V.R., and Grove, M., 2003, Jurassic peralumi- Provinces, p. 29–52. nous gneissic granitics in the axial zone of the Peninsular Johnson, S.E., Paterson, S.R., Fletcher, J.M., Girty, G.H., Kimbrough, Ranges, southern California, in Johnson, S.E., Paterson, D.L., and Martín-Barajas, A., eds., 2003, Tectonic Evolution of S.R., Fletcher, J.M., Girty, G.H., Kimbrough, D.L., and Northwestern Mexico and the Southwestern USA: Geological Martín-Barajas, A., eds., Tectonic Evolution of North- Society of America Special Paper 374, 478 p. western Mexico and the Southwestern USA: Geological Krummenacher, D., Gastil, R.G., Bushee, J., and Dou- Society of America Special Paper 374, p. 157–183. pont, J., 1975, K-Ar apparent ages, Peninsular Ranges Silver, L.T., and Chappell, B.W., 1988, The Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Geological Society of batholith: An insight into the evolution of the Cordilleran America Bulletin, v. 86, p. 760–768, doi:10.1130/0016 batholiths of southwestern Northern America: Transac- -7606(1975)86<760:KAAPRB>2.0.CO;2. tions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Earth Sciences, Larsen, E.S., 1948, Batholith and Associated Rocks of Corona, v. 79, p. 105–121, doi:10.1017/S0263593300014152. Elsinore, and San Luis Rey Quadrangles, Southern Cali- Todd, V.R., Shaw, S.E., and Hammarstrom, J.M., 2003, Cre- fornia: Geological Society of America Memoir 29, 182 p. taceous plutons of the Peninsular Ranges batholith, San Lee, C.-T.A., Morton, D.M., Kistler, R.W., and Baird, A.K., Diego and westernmost Imperial Counties, California: 2007, Petrology and tectonics of Phanerozoic continent Intrusion across a Late Jurassic continental margin, in formation: From island arc to accretion and continental arc Johnson, S.E., Paterson, S.R., Fletcher, J.M., Girty, G.H., magmatism: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 263, Kimbrough, D.L., and Martín-Barajas, A., eds., Tectonic p. 370–387, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.025. Evolution of Northwestern Mexico and the Southwestern Merriam, R., 1941, A southern California ring-dike: Ameri- USA: Geological Society of America Special Paper 374, can Journal of Science, v. 239, p. 365–371, doi:10.2475/ p. 185–235. ajs.239.5.365. Woodford, A.O., and Harris, T.F., 1938, Geological reconnaissance Ortega-Rivera, A., 2003, Geochronological constraints on the across Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California: Geological tectonic history of the Peninsular Ranges batholith of Alta Society of America Bulletin, v. 49, p. 1297–1336.

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/955332/mwr211-00.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021