Sur La Route De Magadan
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Republic of Belarus
August 1997 Vol. 9 No. 8 (D) REPUBLIC OF BELARUS CRUSHING CIVIL SOCIETY AWhat scares me most is to see how fragile our freedom turned out to be. I used to think that the freedom we had achieved would never be taken away from us again.@ Yury Drakokhurst, Belarusian journalist. SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................................................................3 RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................................................................................4 A NOTE ON GEOGRAPHY AND DEMOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................6 BACKGROUND .........................................................................................................................................................................6 Weakening Parliament and the Judiciary.......................................................................................................................7 The Referendum..............................................................................................................................................7 Legislative Powers of the President.................................................................................................................8 The National Assembly (Parliament) ..............................................................................................................8 -
SOVIET YOUTH FILMS UNDER BREZHNEV: WATCHING BETWEEN the LINES by Olga Klimova Specialist Degree, Belarusian State University
SOVIET YOUTH FILMS UNDER BREZHNEV: WATCHING BETWEEN THE LINES by Olga Klimova Specialist degree, Belarusian State University, 2001 Master of Arts, Brock University, 2005 Master of Arts, University of Pittsburgh, 2007 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2013 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH THE KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Olga Klimova It was defended on May 06, 2013 and approved by David J. Birnbaum, Professor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Pittsburgh Lucy Fischer, Distinguished Professor, Department of English, University of Pittsburgh Vladimir Padunov, Associate Professor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Pittsburgh Aleksandr Prokhorov, Associate Professor, Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, College of William and Mary, Virginia Dissertation Advisor: Nancy Condee, Professor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Olga Klimova 2013 iii SOVIET YOUTH FILMS UNDER BREZHNEV: WATCHING BETWEEN THE LINES Olga Klimova, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2013 The central argument of my dissertation emerges from the idea that genre cinema, exemplified by youth films, became a safe outlet for Soviet filmmakers’ creative energy during the period of so-called “developed socialism.” A growing interest in youth culture and cinema at the time was ignited by a need to express dissatisfaction with the political and social order in the country under the condition of intensified censorship. I analyze different visual and narrative strategies developed by the directors of youth cinema during the Brezhnev period as mechanisms for circumventing ideological control over cultural production. -
BELARUS Restrictions on the Political and Civil Rights of Citizens Following the 2010 Presidential Election
BELARUS Restrictions on the Political and Civil Rights of Citizens Following the 2010 Presidential Election of person. Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Article 5: No one shall be subjected to in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Article 6: Everyone has the right to recognition spirit of brotherhood. Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, everywhere as a person before the law. Article 7: All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimi- without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, nation to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. Article 8: Everyone has the right to an effective rem- basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person edy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. by law. Article 9: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security June 2011 564a Uladz Hrydzin © This report has been produced with the support of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). -
On the Way to Magadan
On the Way to Magadan by Ihar Alinevich Radical Theory and Practice Anarchist Black Cross 2014 Translation: ABC-Belarus, Anna Belova, Liliia Gorobets, Dansury, Katerina Dedyulya, Evgeni Legedin, Lo, Res, Alexandra S. K., Szarapow, Uvedui Studia, Whjf*^fd,s Proofreading: Cuilin Layout: Alexander Illustrations: Dani Dugum, Vasiliy Pero This book is issued under Creative Commons License Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike (by-nc-sa) Introduction. Ihar This book is written by my son about what is happening in Belarus today, about the choice of a person in a situation between life and death, free- dom and captivity, conscience and betrayal. Every- thing that happened to him, happened in real life and in the 21st century, in a country that considers itself a civilized European state, before and after the presidential elections of 2010. The idea of this book came up in spring of 2011 during the only meeting between us that was allowed in the KGB prison. We could communicate with great caution, but my husband and I were so happy to see him… Everything that has happened and is happening with Ihar is very similar to the situation described in the book “Children of the Arbat” by Anatoly Rybakov. Although Sasha Pankratov was arrest- ed in 1933, the story unfortunately recurs. I sug- gested that Ihar wrote about everything that had happened to him, so we don’t forget, so he leaves his memory for history. We all think that lawless- ness, brutality and repression will never touch us and our loved ones. It is very important that this situation becomes public knowledge. -
Situation in Belarus
Doc. 11939 5 June 2009 Situation in Belarus Report Political Affairs Committee Rapporteur: Mr Andrea RIGONI, Italy, Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Summary Although Belarus is far from Council of Europe standards in the field of democracy, the rule of law and human rights, its authorities have recently taken important steps in the right direction. The report recommends that, in order to encourage the continuation of this process, the Assembly engages in a political dialogue with the authorities, while at the same time continuing to support the strengthening of democratic forces and civil society in the country. To this end, the Bureau of the Assembly should restore Special Guest status for the Belarusian parliament, which has been suspended since 1997; at the same time, a delegation of the Belarusian extraparliamentary opposition should be invited to every Assembly session, as well as every time that the issue of Belarus appears on the agenda of the Assembly’s committees. A series of recommendations in areas such as political prisoners, electoral law and practice, freedom of association, freedom of assembly, freedom of the media and capital punishment are addressed to the Belarusian authorities. Within one year at the latest, the Bureau of the Assembly will assess the extent to which Belarus will have complied with them, as well as the co-operative attitude shown by its authorities in their relations with the Council of Europe. F – 67075 Strasbourg Cedex | e-mail: [email protected] | Tel: + 33 3 88 41 2000 | Fax: +33 3 88 41 2733 Doc. 11939 A. Draft resolution 1. -
Forced Labor and Pervasive Violations of Workers’ Rights in Belarus
FORCED LABOR AND PERVASIVE VIOLATIONS OF WORKERS’ RIGHTS IN BELARUS Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, December 2013 / N°623a The FIDH and Human Rights Center Viasna Mission The gross, systematic, and widespread violations of political and civil rights in Belarus have been the subject of numerous reports prepared by both international and Belarusian observers. I. INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 0HDQZKLOH3UHVLGHQW/XNDVKHQNRDQGJRYHUQPHQWRIÀFLDOVLQJHQHUDODUHXVLQJDQ\IRUXPWKH\FDQ to stress that Belarus is a model of social and economic rights by contrasting the robust guarantees its residents receive with the situation of residents in neighboring countries who suffered a number of II. LABOR AS A CORE VALUE… AND AN UNLIMITED OBLIGATION ------------- 11 economic upheavals folowing the fall of the Soviet Union. -
P6 TA(2004)0045 Result of the Referendum and Elections in Belarus
P6_TA(2004)0045 Result of the referendum and elections in Belarus European Parliament resolution on the political situation in Belarus after the parliamentary elections and referendum of 17 October 2004 The European Parliament, – having regard to its previous resolutions on the situation in Belarus, in particular its resolution of 16 September 20041, – having regard to the opinion on the referendum of 17 October 2004 in Belarus adopted by the 60th Plenary Session of the Venice Commission on 8-9 October 2004, – having regard, in particular, to its resolution of 24 October 1996 on the situation in Belarus2, in which it decided that no further steps would be taken towards ratification of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with that country until clear signals had been given by the Belarussian authorities of their intention fully to respect basic democratic and human rights, – having regard, in particular, to its resolution of 5 July 2001 on Belarus3, adopted prior to the 2001 presidential elections, and to the reports of the Parliamentary Troika (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Parliamentary Assembly, Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly and European Parliament) published after the 2000 general election (30 January 2001) and the 2001 presidential election (4 October 2001), – having regard, in particular, to its resolution of 11 February 2003 on relations between the European Union and Belarus: towards a future partnership4, – having regard to the parliamentary elections and the constitutional referendum -
Sur La Route De Magadan (Cahier)
derrière les barreaux n’étaitNotre pas inutile. lutte prouvera encorepression une en fois continu quequ’on sur la ne le peut lutte système abandonner departie doit à ceux des se mi-chemin qui détenus ce faire sont que, politiques qui sans sous en a interruption. la été Biélorussiebesoin pression commencé a d’oxygène : de été que la l’opinion libérée deefforts publique soutien, témoigne inhumains et autant et moral une de totale queavec l’UE, mobilisation matériel. leur une des Le liberté forces. grande ; fait Ils la ont autant lutte contre lemettre système sur par la l’intérieur voie exigeleurs de des la convictions. correction. Parleur conséquent, faute ils mais, ne quiaux peuvent plus « inaptes pas, est, ». n’ont àan. Les aucune Il priori, anarchistes suffit intention n’ont, se d’un de nonen ordre renoncer août seulement, d’en à pas 2012 haut Dmitriy reconnu pourprévoit Dashkevitch jusque prolonger 1 s’est infiniment an vu la deexigences prolonger détention peine en sa de plus. peine Il l’administration y d’un Pénal de a de déjà l’institution eu la correctionnelle un république précédent ») biélorusse : qui (« Refus obstiné d’obéissance aux II ne faut pas penser que la lutte de nos camarades s’est terminée ABC- Biélorussie 159 2014 Ihar Alinevich Editions Belles comme une prison qui brûle Sur la route de Magadan La pratique de pression communément employée sur les détenus Il nous semble important d’apporter une attention particulière Il faut comprendre que la prison biélorusse est appelée à « cor- 158 anarchistes ont déjàchambre au d’isolation. -
2021 ESCTD Report
ECONOMICS AND SECURITY COMMITTEE (ESC) Sub-Committee on Transition and Development (ESCTD) BELARUS: POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND DIPLOMATIC CHALLENGES Preliminary Draft Report Michal SZCZERBA (Poland) Rapporteur 019 ESCTD 21 E | Original: English | 16 April 2020 Founded in 1955, the NATO Parliamentary Assembly acts as a consultative interparliamentary organisation which is institutionally separate from NATO. This working document only represents the views of the Rapporteur until it has been adopted by the Economics and Security Committee. It is based on information from publicly available sources or NATO PA meetings – which are all unclassified. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION: THE EMERGENCE OF A BELARUSIAN STATE .................................. 1 II. A HYBRID AND HIGHLY POLITICISED ECONOMIC MODEL .......................................... 2 III. BELARUSIAN IDENTITY ................................................................................................... 3 IV. THE 2020 ELECTIONS ..................................................................................................... 4 V. THE BELARUSIAN POLITICAL OPPOSITION, MASS DEMONSTRATIONS AND THE LEADING ROLE PLAYED BY WOMEN ..................................................................... 5 VI. GEOPOLITICS, THE BELARUSIAN DEMOCRACY MOVEMENT AND RUSSIA .............. 8 VII. THE ENERGY CARD AND THE UNION STATE ............................................................... 9 VIII. RUSSIA AND THE 2020 BELARUSIAN PROTESTS ...................................................... -
Belarus After the 2015 Presidential Election
NO CHANGE 181 ON THE HORIZON BELARUS AFTER THE 2015 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION Arkady Moshes & András Rácz FIIA BRIEFING PAPER 181 • September 2015 ULKOPOLIITTINEN INSTITUUTTI UTRIKESPOLITISKA INSTITUTET THE FINNISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NO CHANGE ON THE HORIZON BELARUS AFTER THE 2015 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION FIIA Briefing Paper 181 Arkady Moshes September 2015 Programme Director The Finnish Institute of International Affairs András Rácz Senior Research Fellow The Finnish Institute of International Affairs • Incumbent President Alexander Lukashenko is very likely to win the presidential elections in Belarus on 11 October 2015. The opposition is unable and – perhaps, therefore – unwilling to challenge Lukashenko, while a decisive majority of the population supports the president. Meanwhile, the regime and the opposition share an interest in protecting Belarusian statehood from Russia. At present, the key actor in performing this mission is the president, who has been ruling the country since 1994. Also for this reason, there will be no Belarusian version of Maidan in Minsk. • However, Lukashenko’s foreseeable victory is not going to stop the process of Belarus gradually conceding key elements of its sovereignty to Russia. The regime is not economically sustainable without constant and massive support from Russia. In exchange for this support, Russia has been slowly but steadily strengthening its control over the foreign policy, defence sector and economics of Belarus. • The EU has neither the readiness nor the resources to confront Russia over Belarus, let alone to substitute the former in supporting Lukashenko, whereas, as stated, a regime change is not to be expected. What is more, even though the Belarusian leadership is undoubtedly concerned about the increasing assertiveness of Russia, it would be a mistake to count on significant policy shifts in Minsk – simply because Belarus is structurally hardly able to conduct any. -
Country Profile – Belarus
Legal Aid Board, Ireland Refugee Documentation Centre 9th European Country of Origin Information Seminar Organised by the Refugee Documentation Centre, Ireland and UNHCR Dublin, 26-27 May 2004 COUNTRY PROFILE – BELARUS The views and opinions stated in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizers of the workshop. This paper is not, and does not purport to be, fully exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Belarus Location: Eastern Europe, east of Poland Area: 80,155 square miles/207,600 sq km Capital: Minsk Independence: 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) Constitution: 15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November 1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became effective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing presidential term limits Population: 10,293,011 (July 2006 est.) Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Ethnic Groups: Belarusian 81.2%, Russian 11.4%, Polish 3.9%, Ukrainian 2.4%, other 1.1% (1999 census) Languages: Belarusian, Russian, other Religions: Eastern Orthodox 80%, other (including Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 20% (1997 est.) Head of state Chief of state: President Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994) Head of government: Prime Minister Sergei SIDORSKY (since 19 December 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Vladimir SEMASHKO (since December 2003) Political parties and leaders 1 9th COI Seminar Organised by the RDC - Ireland and UNHCR -
On the Way to Magadan Prisoner’S Diary
Library.Anarhija.Net On the Way to Magadan prisoner’s diary Ihar Alinevich Ihar Alinevich On the Way to Magadan prisoner’s diary 2014 Retrieved on July 29, 2014 http://abc-belarus.org/files/2014/01/ %D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82-eng.pdf You can find more about Ihar and other Belarusian imprisoned anarchists and antifascists at www.abc-belarus.org lib.anarhija.net 2014 Contents Introduction. Ihar 4 The Commandment ..................... 7 Context: The Case of Belarusian Anarchists 8 On the way to Magadan 12 1 13 2 18 3 21 4 25 5 28 6 30 7 33 8 37 9 40 10 43 2 pected future may not come true at all, but looking back and going 11 46 forward fills this Here and Now with meaning. Today there is no freedom. While the state exists we cannot be 12 49 free. But we can sense freedom; feel its breath by fighting for it. The struggle brings to life all the feelings and thoughts that aresup- 13 53 pressed by the state discipline. In the fight for freedom we not only 14 57 anticipate the long awaited day of justice and triumph but we also save our own personality from the boredom of existence and degra- 15 60 dation. Any act of liberation makes sense only Here and Now. Years of darkness and hardships lie ahead of me, but it doesn’t 16 66 sadden me. The worse the better, as what doesn’t kill us makes stronger. To turn the entire ordeal for my own good is the right 17 71 decision.