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Volume 2, Section 16 Application for Approval of the BlackGold Expansion Project Volume 2 – Environmental Impact Assessment December 2009 SECTION 16.0 – TRADITIONAL LAND USE AND TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 16.0 TRADITIONAL LAND USE AND TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE......16-1 16.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................16-1 16.2 Study Area........................................................................................................16-1 16.2.1 Geographic Boundaries ...................................................................16-1 16.2.2 Temporal Boundaries.......................................................................16-3 16.3 Issues and Assessment Criteria.......................................................................16-5 16.4 Methods............................................................................................................16-5 16.4.1 Data Collection Methods..................................................................16-5 16.5 Existing Conditions...........................................................................................16-9 16.5.1 Beaver Lake Cree First Nation.......................................................16-10 16.5.2 Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation.............................................16-11 16.5.3 Heart Lake First Nation ..................................................................16-12 16.5.4 Fort McMurray First Nation #468 ...................................................16-14 16.5.5 Conklin Métis Local #193...............................................................16-15 16.5.6 Chard Métis....................................................................................16-19 16.5.7 Fort McMurray Métis Local #1935 .................................................16-19 16.6 Potential Effects .............................................................................................16-22 16.6.1 Mitigation Measures.......................................................................16-23 16.7 Summary ........................................................................................................16-24 16.8 Literature Cited...............................................................................................16-24 Table of Contents Application for Approval of the BlackGold Expansion Project Volume 2 – Environmental Impact Assessment December 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont) PAGE LIST OF TABLES Table 16.7-1: Summary of Project Effects on Traditional Land Use...............................16-24 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 16.2-1: Terrestrial Local and Regional Study Area.................................................16-2 Figure 16.2-2: Traditional Lands........................................................................................16-4 Figure 16.5-1: Conklin Resource Use Areas Overview ...................................................16-17 Figure 16.5-2: Conklin Resource Use Areas Inset...........................................................16-18 Figure 16.5-3: Conklin Sites, Settlements and Trails Overview.......................................16-20 Figure 16.5-4: Conklin Sites, Settlements and Trails Inset ..............................................16-21 S:\Project Ce\Ce03745\EIA\Vol 2\fnl rpt-Sec 16 tlu&tek-vol 2 EIA-ce03745_100-17dec.doc Table of Contents Application for Approval of the BlackGold Expansion Project Volume 2 – Environmental Impact Assessment December 2009 16.0 TRADITIONAL LAND USE AND TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE 16.1 Introduction Historically, Aboriginal communities who lived in the area near the Korea National Oil Corporation (KNOC) leases were subsistence harvesters that seasonally traveled to hunt, trap, fish, gather food, trade, and assemble for ceremonial and group activities. The resources provided by the land allowed these groups to survive and prosper. Because their survival depended upon it, individuals and communities developed a detailed understanding of their environment. The knowledge and values that they acquired were disseminated, mainly in oral form, from individual to individual and from generation to generation. This information is commonly referred to as traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). The dissemination of this knowledge allows Aboriginal communities to retain their culture and transmit important messages to future generations. Generally, TEK includes an understanding of plants and animals, the functioning and management of ecosystems, and knowledge of uses of certain species of flora and fauna for food, medicines, fuel, shelter, and ceremonial purposes. Many Aboriginal peoples in Northeast Alberta continue to harvest from the land and continue to practice cultural activities. TEK is still maintained by the Aboriginal communities in contemporary times. Harvesting and cultural activities pursued by Aboriginal communities are commonly referred to as traditional land use (TLU) activities. TLU encompasses those activities that Aboriginal communities and their individual members rely on to meet their needs, such as trapping, hunting, fishing and plant gathering (Robinson et al. 1994). TLU sites include cabins and camp sites, burial sites, sites of religious and spiritual significance, historical locations such as trading posts, travel routes, hunting sites, fishing sites, gathering sites, and other geographical locations of particular importance for cultural, historical or spiritual reasons. 16.2 Study Area 16.2.1 Geographic Boundaries Local and regional study areas (Figure 16.2-1) have been identified to provide a basis for assessing the effects of the project on TLU. The local study area (LSA) is located approximately 160 km south of Fort McMurray, and encompasses leases held by KNOC (including parts of Twp. 75, Rge. 6 and 7, W4M and Twp. 76, Rge. 6, 7, and 8, W4M) with a total area of 10 296 ha. The regional study area (RSA) extends three townships in all directions from the boundary of the LSA. The LSA and RSA used for the TLU assessment are consistent with the study area used for all terrestrial disciplines. The terrestrial local study area (TLSA) and terrestrial regional study areas (TRSA) are appropriate study areas for the TLU assessment, as terrestrial resources are critical components of the traditional lifestyle practiced by Aboriginal communities in the area. Page 16-1 480000 500000 520000 RGE 10 RGE 8 RGE 6 (!Chard/Janvier RGE 4 W4 Bohn Lake P o k n e e y Cr TWP 79 ee r k C ll d e ad W !881 r e iv R a tin ris h C 6180000 6180000 r e Christina r iv Ri v e R TWP J a 77 c k fis d h e r R f iv e n e i r Conklin W (! Christina Lake k e e r C 6160000 6160000 h c r ir e B iv R ek y re a C M ay nd Su TWP 75 Winefred Lake Kirby Lake Rat Lake !881 B P R Wiau o a Lake d 6140000 6140000 Grist Lake Ecological Knowledge\Fig16.02-01Area.mxd Study r e iv R u TWP ia W 73 Clyde Lake C lyd e Riv er Ipiatik Lake 480000 500000 520000 Legend 505102.5 Terrestrial Regional Study Area Kilometres Terrestrial Local Study Area 1:400,000 ± Project Area Sources: © Department of Natural Resources Canada. All rights Cold Lake Air Weapons Range reserved, GeoBase®, KNOC, Spatial Data Warehouse Ltd. Open Water Watercourse Korea National Oil Corporation BlackGold Expansion Project Terrestrial Local and Regional Study Areas DATE: December 2009 Figure 16.2-1 PROJECT: CE03745/520 Fig16.02-01 Study Area 09-12-03 ANALYST: QA/QC: DRAWN BY: KW KW CO DR AMEC PROJECTION/DATUM: PREPARED BY: UTM Zone 12 NAD83 AMEC S:\Gis\Projects\CE\KNOC_BlackGold\CE03745_EIA\ArcGIS Projects\Application Report Figures\Section 16Traditional - Land Use and Application for Approval of the BlackGold Expansion Project Volume 2 – Environmental Impact Assessment December 2009 Aboriginal communities in the vicinity of the project define their traditional territory as those lands used historically or currently to sustain their traditional livelihood. The traditional territories of Aboriginal communities often overlap with the traditional territories of other Aboriginal communities. The Aboriginal communities that claim traditional territory, which overlap with the LSA and RSA include: • Beaver Lake Cree Nation; • Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation; • Heart Lake First Nation; • Fort McMurray First Nation; • Conklin Métis Local #193; • Chard Métis Local #214; • Fort McMurray Métis Local #1935; and • Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1. The traditional territories of individual groups are extensive and extend well beyond the boundaries of the RSA (Figure 16.2-2). The identified Métis organizations have not mapped the boundaries of their traditional territories. However, each of the identified Métis communities has explained to KNOC that their members have practiced TLU within the RSA and LSA. For assessment purposes, all available TLU information directly related to the LSA, and the RSA has been considered. TLU that occurs outside of the study areas has been considered when in the professional judgment of the assessor it may influence the effects assessment. 16.2.2 Temporal Boundaries Temporally, it is difficult to define TEK and TLU. Generally, TEK is oral knowledge, which may have been passed down from generation to generation. Knowledge holders may share information that spans a considerably longer period of time than the proposed project, and the TEK can only be collected from those who possess it and are willing to share it. The information that is provided by knowledge holders may be very specific or general, depending upon
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