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Diversity of Polychaetes in Mangrove Forest, Prasae Estuary

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Diversity of Polychaetes in Mangrove Forest, Prasae Estuary 816 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2017; 44(3) Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2017; 44(3) : 816-823 http://epg.science.cmu.ac.th/ejournal/ Contributed Paper Diversity of Polychaetes in Mangrove Forest, Prasae Estuary, Rayong Province, Thailand Somtawin Jaritkhuan* [a], Pongrat Damrongrojwattana [b], Benchawan Chewprecha [b] and Vichaya Kunbou [a] [a] Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 20131,Thailand. [b] Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 20131,Thailand. *Author for correspondence; e-mail: [email protected] Received: 8 December 2015 Accepted: 26 August 2016 ABSTRACT The study on diversity, density and biomass of polychaete worm in mangrove forest at Prasae estuary, Rayong Province, Thailand were conducted by 2 collections of samples, dry season (February 2013) and wet season (July 2013). There were 3 stations, namely, the Marine Resource Development and Eastern Thai Coast Research Centre (P.1), Prongtong field (P.2) and Loy Island (Koh-Loy, P.3). Ten families with 27 genera were identified by which Family Capitellidae (Capitella sp. and Dasybranchus spp.), Family Nereidae (Namanlycastic sp.) were frequently found with dominated by Capitella sp. The average density, biomass, species diversity index, species richness, and an evenness index between the dry and wet season were 79.82±30.24 ind/m2, 0.62±0.29 g/m2, 1.39±0.70, 2.41±1.29, and 0.91±0.05, respectively. The similarity index with cluster analysis of polychaetes at different sub-stations during dry and wet season using Bray-Curtis similarity could be separated into 4 main groups at 80%. Keywords: diversity, polychaetes, mangrove forest, prasae estuary, Rayong province 1. INTRODUCTION The mangrove forest at Prasae estuary, of number of species and individuals [4]. Rayong Province is estimated to be an area Polychaetes are marine benthos which are of 6,750 Rai. It facilitates humans as living food for a variety of organisms. They play an areas, food and fishery resources [1]. As a important role in the ecosystem, acting as a forest, it serves as a sedimentation area, connecting points between producers and prevention of the coastal area against wind consumers, remove detritus and assist in and tides. The area is crucial for other nutrient recycling. Polychaetes are also well organisms, it serves as a food source and tolerant to environmental changes and a large habitats for various organisms [2], [3]. number of taxa inhabit the most stressed The benthic macrofauna of tropical regions of a pollution gradient [5], [6]. estuaries and mangrove forest is commonly Additionally, some of the polychaetes dominated by the polychaetes both in terms could be used as bio-indicators of organic Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2017; 44(3) 817 enrichment in sediment and anthropogenic (Wet season, W). There were 3 stations activities [7, 8]. As such, this study aims to (Figure 1), the first station (P.1) was the establish the biodiversity, density, and Marine Resource Development and Eastern biomass of polychaetes in mangrove forest Thai Coast Research Centre. There were 6 of Prasae estuary, Thailand. It may also sub-stations (P.1/1 to P.1/6). The second indicate the impacts which could potentially station (P.2) was at Prongtong field with 5 affect polychaetes, once there are changes in sub-stations (P.2/1 to P.2/5), and the the environment. The data gathered could third station (P.3), Koh Loy, contained 3 serve as a database for future management sub-stations (P.3/1 to P.3/3). To determine or monitoring of the polychaetes in the the availability of polychaetes, sediment mangrove forest. samples were collected with 3 replicates for each sub-station in quadrat of 0.25 m2 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS and 15 cm depth from the surface. They 2.1 Study Area and Sampling Method were sieved through 3, 1 and 0.5 mm. mesh The collection of polychaetes as size sieve respectively and then polychaetes quantitative sampling at mangrove forest, were preserved in 4% formaldehyde. The Prasae estury, Rayong Province was on identification of polychaetes was according February 2014 (Dry season, D), and July 2014 to Day [9]. Figure 1. Study sites in the mangrove forest, Prasae estuary, Rayong Province. 2.2 Data Analysis dendrogram, through the use of Primer E. Data were used to calculate the following Program [10]. descriptive measures: density, biomass, species richness, Shannon-Weaver diversity index, 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION evenness (J) of distribution of individuals Ten families and 27 genera of polychaetes among species, and similarity index. The raw in both the wet and dry season have been data for similarity index were transformed identified. There were 20 genera in the dry using log(x+1), and Bray Curtis similarity season, and 24 genera in the wet season. with complete linkage illustrated results with The genus which could be found in all studied 818 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2017; 44(3) areas, includes Capitella sp. and Dasybranchus Kung-Kraben Bay, Chantaburi Province [15]. sp. (Family Capitellidae) and Namanlycastic sp. This polychaete thrives in organic-rich (Family Nereidae). This is consistent with a environments and has been used as a study by Pearson and Rosenberg [11], which biological indicator of potential degradation reported that adaptive polychaetes consisted by human activities or organic pollution [16]. of those from Family Capitellidae and The enrichment of the sediment could well Nereidae. Both groups are opportunistic, cause the presence of these opportunistic they could adapt and live in an area with polychaetes [17]. This finding is consistent high organic matter, and low level of oxygen with Paphavasit et al. [18], which studied or high environmental variability [12]. benthic organism in Chantaburi river mouth. The dominant species in this study area The said study found Capitella sp., Heteromastus was Capitella sp. which agreed with those sp. and Nereis sp. in areas with high organic reports found a dominant species of benthic matter. However, it is known that, along community in the mangrove forest in an estuary, the benthic communities vary Thailand at Phuket bay, Phuket Province [13], widely in composition and are often associated La-ong field, Pang-nga Province [14] and with changes in salinity and type of sediment. Table 1. Polychaetes (found (/) and not found (-)) in each stations of mangrove forest during the dry and wet season at Prasae estuary, Rayong province. Taxa Dry season Wet season Family Genera P.1D P.2D P.3D P.1W P.2W P.3W Ampharetidae unknown / - - - - - Capitellidae Capitella sp. / / / / / / Capitellides sp. - - - / / / Capitellethus sp. - - - / - / Dasybranchus spp. / / / / / / Heteromastus spp. - - - / / / Lumbricomastus sp. - - - - / - Mediomastus spp. - - - / - - Notodasus spp. - / - / - - Notomastus spp. / / / / - / Pseudoleiocapitella spp. - / - / - - Rashgua spp. - / - / - - Glyceridae Glycera sp. / / / - / - Lumbrineridae Lumbrinereis sp. / / / / - / Nereidae Ceratonereis spp. / / / / / - Dendronereis spp. - - / - / - Namanlycastic sp. / / / / / / Perinereis spp. - - / - - - Opheliidae Ophelia sp / - - - - / Orbiniidae Scoloplos sp. / / / - - / Pilargidae Ancistrosyllisc sp. - - - / - - Pilargis sp. - - - / - - Sabellidae Euchone sp. / / - / - - Spionidae Prionospio (Aquilaspio) sp. / / - / - / Prionospio (Minusupio) sp. / - - / - / Scolelepis spp. - - / / - / Spio sp. - - / - - - Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2017; 44(3) 819 The density of polychaetes was an average of 79.82±30.24 ind/m2, the dry and wet season were an average of 88±48 ind./m2 and 72±45.76 ind./m2, respectively. This was consistent with Paipongpaew and Pransil [19], who studied polychaetes along Welu river, Chantaburi Province, demonstrated higher variety of polychaetes in the dry season (23 Families and density of 192 ind/m2) compares to the wet season Figure 2. Average density of polychaetes (15 Families and density of 124 ind/m2). (Family) during dry and wet season in the The highest density in this study (140±69.06 mangrove forest, Prasae Estuary, Rayong ind./m2) found at station 3 (P3); this particular province. area has large mangrove trees, made up of fine sand and mud. The area itself also has The biomass of polychaetes, both during high organic content, with an average of the wet and dry season, holds the average 7.58 percent. Nearby, there were shrimp of 0.62±0.29 g/m2; especially in the wet farms which supported the organic matter season (1.03±0.50 g/m2) which was higher to the sediment that might influence to a than that of dry season (0.21±0.08 g/m2) high diversity of polychaetes, which agreed (Figure 3). Station 3 in the wet season (P.3W) with Netto and Gallucci [20], reported was the location with the highest value that detritus biomass (ash-free dry weight) of biomass. There, Family Capitellidae, was the most important predictor of faunal Spionidae, Nereidae and Lumbrineridae densities and diversity. In this study, were of larger size and heavy weight. Family Capitellidae (Capitella sp., and This could be because of their life cycle. Dasybranchus spp.) possesses the highest Station 2 during the dry season (P.2D) had density in the dry and wet season at station 3, the lowest amount of biomass. and other polychaetes were found in a very small number (Figure 2). Where as, the highest density of 420 ind./m2 at Makham-pom Bay, Rayong province, Thailand was Paranoidae polychaetes [21], and Perinereis brevicirrata, followed by Capitella cf. capitata, Heteromastus filiformis and Neanthes succinea were the most abundant in the State of Bahia, Brazil [22]. However, sampling techniques, mesh size used, the size and number of replicates Figure 3. Average biomass of polychaetes collected and time period greatly influence (Family) during dry and wet season in the the number of species and individuals mangrove forest, Prasae estuary, Rayong found [23]. province. 820 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2017; 44(3) The results of ecological indices in terms with an average of 0.91±0.05. The dry season of diversity index of the dry and wet seasons had a lower value compares to the wet season.
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