An Integrated Development Strategy for the Apiculture Industry Between Senegal, the Gambia and Guinea Bissau?
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AN INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR THE APICULTURE INDUSTRY BETWEEN SENEGAL, THE GAMBIA AND GUINEA BISSAU? ARTICULARLY FAVOURABLE CLIMATIC AND BOTANICAL CONDITIONS The Bissau Guinean sector in the restructuring process P Guinea Bissau has extraordinary potential for apiculture, especially Apiculture in Sénégambie méridionale (the Gambia, in the north east region (Gabu), with marshland inundated with Casamance, northern Guinea Bissau) relies on the planted mangroves covering an area of approximately favourable and homogeneous eco-geographic potential. 800,000 hectares, forest coverage of an estimated 1.5 million It is developing along a wide band comprising hectares and a population of which the majority earns their Casamance (Senegal) and inclusive of an area livelihood from agricultural activities and picked products. In 1987, between the southern axis which passes through the the Apiculture Association produced around 80,7083 kg of refined regions, from East to West, of Gabu, Oio and Cacheu honey as well as a little more than 10 tonnes of refined wax (Guinea Bissau) and a northern axis from east to west (ASTECAP – SNV). At the beginning of the 1990s, there were of the Gambia and the western border of the 22,352 traditional hives in the northern part and 93,464 in the Tambacounda Department (east Senegal) going back southern part of the country. up eastward towards the Kaffrine Department (Kolda region of Senegal). Despite economic liberalisation set in motion in 1986, continual politico-military crises since the beginning of the 1990s has led to a The Sudano-Guinean climate enables the development noteworthy reduction of the activity which resulted in an overt of tremendously diverse forestial growth, particularly decline in honey exports. The infrastructures (storage centres, bee melliferous botanical species (kapoktree, acacia, pau farms, laboratories) and equipment (presses, boilers and wax sange in Guinea Bissau, etc.) or in mangrove zones extractors) were destroyed, producers and traders organisations (mangroves). These favourable conditions encourage collapsed following the disinvestment of financial partners. Today, the high productivity of Apis mellifera adansonii, thus the Netherlands cooperation (SNV Bissau) supports the Sénégambie méridionale is the place of choice among restructuring of the sector relying on: honey production regions in West Africa. Indeed it is not unlikely for a beekeeper to have on average fifteen or Ö An still untapped forest potential; more hives which each supply on average 20 kilos of honey. Ö An even more significant amount of traditional hives in activity (more than 21,700 hives among 310 producers); AN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY CONTRIBUTING TO ECONOMIC Ö Production projections are estimated at 195 tonnes in 2008 DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION for only the Gabu region; Beekeeping is an activity enabling supplementary Ö Development of cooperation strategies among Casamance revenue to be generated for populations, mostly rural, and Gambian beekeepers; who are witnessing the curtailment of trade in Ö Prospects that support the recent creation of a national agricultural products which threatens their revenue. trade body of honey and its by-products (ASTECAP). Apiculture provides nutritional contributions as well supplementary income. Honey, its by-products (royal jelly) and its processed products (cana in Guinea ORGANISED PRODUCTION BASINS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE Bissau, mead in Casamance) are frequently used in the diola rituals of Kassa (Senegal and Guinea Bissau), the BORDERS Mancagnes (Bula village in Guinea Bissau) and more generally by traditional medicine practitioners. In While production satisfies mostly local demand, several addition, beekeeping and more particularly apiculture, reasons contribute to the honey industry’s cross-border contributes to agricultural development through crop as well as trans-national dimension Producers must pollination. Colonisation slowed down even halted the travel to access rare and remote storage and development of this industry. Efforts undertaken at the processing equipment in the region. Itinerant trade is national level to structure this sector by setting up controlled by semi-wholesalers and retailers who set organisations uniting producers’ interests (except for the trade terms in villages, cross the border to sell the National Beekeepers of the Gambia), were not honey at the weekly border markets (loumo) or to enough to revive it. wholesalers on the Diaobé central market (Kolda region – Senegal). There are three distinguishable cross- border production basins, each having distinct floral potential, specific supply and demand conditions, and various levels of equipment. 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