Available online on www.ijppr.com International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2011;3(3):64-73 ISSN: 0975 4873 Research Article

Common Herbal in Uttarakhand, Used in The Popular Medicinal Preparation in Ayurveda

Rakhi Rawat* and D P Vashistha

Department of Botany, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal- 246 174, Uttarakhand, India

ABSTRACT A survey was conducted at different herbal drug stores in Uttarakhand, to list components of various Ayurvedic formulations being sold. The list contained about 150 medicinal plants. The most notable among them are heterophyllum, Acorus calamus, Adhatoda zeylanica, Asparagus racemosus, Aleo barbadensis, Andrographis paniculata, Boerhavia diffusa, Bergenia ligulata, Callicarpa macrophylla, Cissampelos pareira, Eclipta prostrata, Evolvulus alsinoides, Hedychium spicatum, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Swertia chirayita, Oroxylum indicum, Plumbago zeylanica, Ricinus communis, Sida cordifolia, Solanum nigrum, Tribulus terrestris, Tinospora cordifolia, Valeriana jatamansi, Vitex negundo, Withania somnifera and Zanthoxylum armatum. The listed plants are given complete description viz, , habitat, branded drug etc. It is also evident that few herbal plants : Acorus calamus, Aconitum hetrophyllum , Aegle marmelos, Asparagus racemosus , Boerhavia diffusa, Callicarpa macrophylla, Eclipta prostrata, Gloriosa superba, Hedychium spicatum, Oroxylum indicum, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Plumbago zylanica, Vitex negundo etc, are regular constituent of several medicines, while Amaranthus polygonum, Cinnamonum zylanicum, Coriandrum sativum, Solanum nigrum, Symplocos racemosa are used in preparation of specific drugs . The present study assumes significance in selection of herbal plants recommended for cultivation and emphasizes herbal potential of Uttarakhand.

Key words: Ayurvedic formulation, herbal plants, habit, medicinal demand.

INTRODUCTION Therefore, it is essential to undertake a study to Uttarakhand Government since its enlist of various herbal plants actually used in inception has projected itself as a herbal state in popular herbal medicines being presently marketed recognized for its inherited rich biodiversity and to ascertain the medicinal and economic value of ethnic herbal traditions. In view of increasing global individual plants. popularity of herbal medicinal, cultivation of herbal In present paper a comprehensive list of plants to ensure constant supply can be an important medicinal plants is presented in view of their alternate source of economy in the state. Recently medicinal demand and their availability in the state Government has introduced several Uttarakhand . incentives for the popularization of cultivation of herbs. However, the various efforts may go fruitless unless a scientific and systematic study is undertaken to support the Government efforts. The choice of right plant selected for cultivation would be a crucial step. The flora of Garhwal has been already extensively explored by several botanists (Gaur1999; Naithani 1984-85; Bawa 1993; Bhatt et al 2007). It comprises about 18000 plants species. Further, the perusal of available herbal reports (CIMAP report) revealed that as many as 1784 species are having some medicinal uses. Recommending this seemingly large number of plants would be impracticable and considerable discretion would have to be applied for selecting a herb for cultivation. However, the accumulated literature remains clueless about the selection and Fig: 1 preference of economic cultivable herbal plants.

*Author for Correspondence E-Mail: [email protected] Rakhi et.al. / Common Herbal Plant in……

Some prominent Plants of Uttarakhand

Woodfordia fruiticosa Azadirachta indica

Withania somnifer Plumbago zeylanica

Lawsonia alba Boerhavia diffusa MATERIAL AND METHODS Himalaya ,with ethnobotanical notes,(Gaur1999), A survey was undertaken of different drug Flora of Chamoli (Naithani 1984-85), Flora of stores selling herbal product in Uttarakhand and Kumaon (Osmastone 1927).Every plant was comprehensive list of the herbal component of provided with details such as botanical name, various Ayurvedic drugs was prepared. Each herbal family, plant, noted as component of particular branded vernacular name and habit. Notes were also drug prescribed for particular remedy, was given prepared on the medicinal used plants part and complete taxonomic identification and habit and Ayurvedic medicine prepared from them. habitat details by consulting taxonomical literature and flora of the region viz. Flora of the District RESULT AND DISCUSSION Garhwal North West Observation of different popular herbal prescription drugs have revealed that less than 150

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Table.1: characterizing the herbal constituents of popular Ayurvedic drugs, summary details in the text. Botanical name Parts use Habit Ayurvedic Formulation Local name (Family) 1 Abies pindrow Royle Bark Tree Vigroll Raga (Pinaceae) 2 Abrus precatorious L. Seed and Climber Tranquil Ratti (Fabaceae) roots

3 Abutilon indicum (L.) Fruit, Shrub Diabecon Atibalaa (Malvaceae) leaves, bark, seed and roots 4 Achillea millefolium L Whole plant Herb Geriforte, Bonnisan, Liv-52 Momoduru (Asteraceae)

5 Achyranthes aspera L Roots and Herb Cystone, Nefrotec Apamarga (Amarantacaea) leaves

6 Acorus calamus L. Rhizomes Herb Chandraprabha vati, Vacha (Araceae) Sanjivani vati, Saraswat churn, Ashwagandharista, Laghu vishgarbha tel, Abana tebles, Sumento , Pigmento, Mentat, Alarsin, M2 -Tone. 7 Aconitum heterophyllum Roots Herb Agnikumar ras, Anand bhairavras, wall.ex. Royle Pushyanug churn, Ativisha churn, Atis () Chandraprabha vati. 8 Acacia catechu ( L.F.) Willd Wood bark Tree Pigmnto Kher (Mimosaceae) 9 Acacia nilotica (L.)Delile Bark Tree Diarex, Evecare, Dental cream Babool (Mimosaceae) (Himalaya) 10 Adhatoda zeylanica Medic. Leaves, Shrub Vasakamadu, Vasavaleha, Vasakasva, Vasaka (Acanthaceae) roots Kasni, Kankasava Livomyn, M2-Tone, Styplon, Diakof, Geriforte. 11 Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Fruit, roots Tree Bilvadi kwath, Bilava churn, Bilva- Bael (Rutaceae) bark majjadi yog, Dasamoo -larist, Tentex forte, Lukol, Diarex, Sumento (Tablets). 12 Asparagus racemosus Willd Roots Shrub Femiplex, Neo, M2-Tone, Ojus, Satawari (Liliaceae) Himaplasia, Tentex Geriforte, Lukol, Renalka. 13 Aleo barbadensis (Miller) Leaves Herb Livomyn, Pigmento, Livosyp, Diabecon, Kumari (Liliaceae) Herbolax, Reostra 14 Alternanthera sessilis (L) Leaf Herb Clarina Matsyakshi (Amaranthaceae) 15 Allium cepa L Whole plant Herb Neo, Gerifort Piaze (Alliaceae) 16 Allium sativum L bulb Herb Appentonic fote, Lesuna Lasuna (Alliaceae) 17 Amaranthus polygamus acut. Leaves Herb Femiplex non.L Chuali (Amaranthaceae) 18 Andrographis paniculata Whole plant Herb Livomyn, Pigmento , Hepatogard, Purim, Wall. ex.Nees Talekt Kalmegh (Acanthaceae) 19 Anethum sowa Roxb.ex Leaves Herb Vomiteb, Mental, Himacospaze, Fleming Bonnisan, Abana. Sowa (Apiaceae) 20 Argyrcia nervosa (Burm.f.) Whole plant Climber Confido, Gerifort, Steman, Tentx forte Vriddadaru(Convolvulaceae) 21 Azadirachta indica A. Juss Leaves Tree Livosyp, Hepatogard, Pilex Neem (Meliaceae) ,wood ,

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seeds , flowers 22 Bacopa monnieri (L) Wettst Whole plant Herb Bharmi churn, Bharmi ghrit, Brahmi Jalbirahmi(Scrophulariaceae) rasayan 23 Bauhinia variegata L. Stem bark Tree Kanchanar gugulu, Kanchnar kwath, Kanchnar (Caesalpiniaceae) Ushirasava, Chandanasava 24 Berberis aristata (D.C.) Roots, root Shrub Femiplex, Livomyn Kingore (Berberidaceae) bark, stem 25 Berberis lycium Royle Roots, roots Shrub Pushyanug churn, Aswagantharista, Daruharidra (Berberidaceae) bark and Khadirarista, Patrangasava stem 26 Bergenia ligulata (wall) Rhizomes Herb Ashmeriher kwath, Pashanbhedadi Engle. kwath, Pushyanug churn, Vatvidhv ansak Silpara (Saxifragaceae) ras. Cystone tablets. 27 Boerhavia diffusa L Roots Herb Punarnava kwath, Punarnava -sova, Punarnava (Nyctaginaceae) Punarnavadi mandoor, Punarnavadi guggulu, Abana, Crush, Lukol, Geriforte, Livomyne, 28 Bombax malabaricum DC Bark , fruits Tree Femiplex, M2-tone (Tablets & tonic) Semal (Bombaceae) and seeds 29 Boswellia serrata (Roxb.ex Bark and Tree Rumalaya forte, Rumalaya gel, Shallaki Colebr) gum Shallaki (Burseraceae) 30 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Gum, seeds Tree Krmighna churn, Krimimudgar ras, Tabu and flowers Krmikutharras, Plashbeejj churn. Plash Dhak (Fabaceae) ghrit, Crush Lukol 31 Butea parviflora Roxb.ex.DC. Bark ,root Tree Hair loss cream (Himalaya),Hairzone Palashbheda (Fabaceae) and stem 32 Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl. Flowers Shrub Priyangwadi tel, Ashwagandharista, Daiya (Verbenaceae) buds Dasamoolarist, Chandana sava, Draksharista, Eladi churn. 33 Cassia absus L. Seeds Herb Parpaundrik kwath, Khadiradi vati and Cheaksu (Caesalpiniaceae) Surma. 34 Cassia fistula L. Fruits and Tree Aragvadhadirsta, Aragvadhadighrita, Amaltas (Caesalpiniaceae) roots Aragvadhadi tel, Agni- kumar churn, Kankayan gutika. 35 Cassia occidentalis L. Leaf Herb Bonnisan, Geriforte, Liv 52, Herbolax Kasondi (Caesalpiniaceae) 36 Cedrus deodara (Royale Wood oil Tree Devdaryadi kwath, Mahamash tel, ex.D.Don ) and bark Khadirarista Dasant lep, M2 Tone Devdara (Pinaceae) 37 Celastrus paniculatus Willd Seeds and Shrub Jyotismasti tel, Himcotin cream, Sexotex Kaunya (Celastraceae) seeds oil cream Gerifort, Remem, Sumenta( Tab & syrup) 38 Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Whole plant Herb Brahmi vati, Brahmi ghrit, Brahmi tel, Brahmi (Apiaceae) Saraswatarista, Geriforte, Mental (Teb& syp) 39 Cinnamomum tamala (Ham.) Leaves and Tree Lodhrasava, Vasasava, Sudarshan churh, Nees ex.Eberm. bark Chandraprabha vati, Yograj guggulu, Tejpatta (Lauraceae) Dasamoolarista, Aswagandharisata 40 Cissampelos pareira L.Var. Roots Shrub Pusyanug churn, Pathadi kwath, Hirsuata Mahayograj guggulu Agnimukh churn. Pahre (Menispermaceae) 41 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bark Tree Vomiteb Nees Dalchini (Lauraceae) 42 Coriandrum sativum L Fruit Herb Livomyn Dhaniya (Apiaceae) 43 Cuminum cyminum L. Frit Herb Ojus , Femiplex, M2- Tone, Apimore Zeera (Apiaceae)

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44 Cyperus rotundus L. Tuberous Herb Pigmento Motha (Cyperaceae) roots 45 Datura stramonium L. Leaves, Herb Kankasava, Maha laxmi vilas ras, Dhatura (Solanaceae) flowering Asthma relief Alarex, Spasmolin tops and seeds 46 Daucus carotaL. Seed Herb Lip balm, Oxitard Gajar (Apiaceae) 47 Didymocarpus pedicellata Leaf Herb Cystone, Nefrotec R.Br Shilapuspha (Gesneriaceae) 48 Dioscorea bulbifera L. Roots Herb Chayavanpras, Mahamash tel, Narsingh Genthi (Dioscoreaceae) tel, Grabbdharin vati, 49 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Whole Herb Bhringrajasava, Sutsekherras Anand Bhringraja (Asteraceae ) plants bhairas ras,Acidocid syrup, Geriforte Mahabhringraj tel, Gandhak rasayana, Livomyn, Neo, Ojus, M2- tone, Hepatogard. 50 Elettaria cardamomum Maton Seed Herb Abana, Bonnisan,, Geriforte, Koflet Elaechi (Zingiberaceae) lozenge, Luol, Mentat, Renalka, Anxocare, Digyton, Bresol, Chyavanaprasha 51 Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Fruit Tree Amlaki churn, Triphala chrn, Triphala Amla (Euphorbiaceae) ghrit, Brahmi amla tel, Fresh fruit pulp 52 Embelia ribes Burm.f. Seed , fruit Shrub Abana, Diakof, Mentat, Purim, Talekt, Vidanga (Myrsinaceae) and bark Dental cream (Himalaya), Anxocare, Appetonic forte, 53 Ephedra gerardiana Wall ex. Stem Shrub Som kalp, Swankalp. Stopf. Tutgautha (Ephedraceae) 54 Eucalyptus globules Labill. Leaf, bark Tree Cold balm (Himalaya), Erina, Savon Lyptus (Myrtaceae) and, oil 55 Eugenia jambolana.Lam Bark and Tree M2-Tone Jamun (Myrtaceae) seed 56 Evolvulus alsinoides L. Whole plant Herb Sumento Sankhpuspi (Convolulaceae) 57 Ficus caraca L. Fruit and Tree Refreshing fruit pack (Himalaya) Fig (Moraceae) latex 58 Ficus glomerata Roxb., Pl. Fruit, Bark Tree Femiplex. Corom and roots Gular (Moraceae) 59 Ficus benghalensis (Linn) Fruits, Tree M2-Tone Bargad (Moraceae) barks and leaves 60 Foeniculum vulgare Mill Whole plant Herb Abana, Mentat, Anxocare, Galactin, Sanuf (Apiaceae) Hiora-mouthwash 61 Fumaria indica (Haussk.) Whole plant Herb Arvindasava,Chandrakala ras, Pugsley Chandanasava, Mahasudorshan kwath Pit papra (Fumariaceae) Livomyn drops 62 Gaultheria fragrantissima Leaf and Shrub Rumalaya gel, Rumalaya liniment, Pain Wall fruit balm (Himalaya) Jalan-thrait (Ericaceae) 63 Gloriosa superba L. Rhizomes Herb Mohavishgarbh tel, Nirundi tel, Kalihari and seeds Rumalaya cream, Langali rasayan. Liliaceae 64 Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Stem and Herb Abana, Diabecon, Diakof, Geriforte, Muleti (Fabaceae) root Herbolax, Himcocid, Koflet,Menosan, Septillin, Rumalaya forte, Himpyrin, Regurin, Yastimadhu, Bleminor, 65 Gmelina arborea Roxb Bark, ,root, Tree Diabecon, Chyavanparash

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Gambhari (Verbenaceae) flower and leaf 66 Hedychium spicatum Ham.ex Rhizomes Herb Shatyadi chrun, Dasamoolarista, smith Kankayan gutika, Vomiteb, Chikara, Banhaldi (Zingiberaceae) Lahmina,Jivahakalpa, Himanshu tel. 67 Hemidesmum indicus(L.)R.Br Root Shrub Evecare, Renalka Anantamul (Asclepiadaceae) 68 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Fruit Shrub Erina plus, Gudehal (Malvaceae) 69 Holarrhena antidysenterica Barks and Shrub Kutajarista, Kutajahan vati, Kutajawteha Wall. ex.A.DC seeds ras, Karpur ras Karu (Apocynaceae) 70 Hygrophila auriculata Root, leaf Herb Confido, Lukol, Speman, Tentex royal, (Schumach) Heine and seed Spemanvet Talimkhana (Acanthaceae) 71 Hyoscyamus niger L. Seed Herb Muscle & Joint rub (Himalaya), Parasika yavani (Solanaceae) 72 Hygrophila spinosa T Leaves, Herb Femiplex, Crush Talimkhana (Acanthaceae) seeds and roots 73 Hyssopus officinalis L. Whole plant Shrub Diakof, Koflet Jufa (Laminaceae) 74 Juglans regia L. Leaves , Tree Amritpras ghrit , Dantasodhak, Yavih Akhrot (Juglandaceae) stem bark and fruits 75 Lawsonia alba Lam. Leaves Shrub Femiplex Mehandi (Lythraceae) 76 Leptadenia reticulate (Retz.) Leaf and Shrub Confido, Speman, Galactin, Dori (Asclepiadaceae) root Chyvanprasaha 77 Linum usitatissimum L. Seed Herb Canisep, Scavon Atasi (Linaceae) 78 Mangifera indicia L. Fruits , Tree M2-tone Aam (Acanthaceae) seeds and Bark 79 Mallotus philippensis (Lamk.) Ripe fruits Tree Krimikuthar ras , Krimighatini vati, Kmbhal (Euphorbiaceae) Kshisadi ghrit, Herbinol cream 80 Melia azedarach L. Leaves Tree Pigmento Daikan (Meliaceae) barks and fruits 81 Mentha arvensis L. Leaf Herb Rumalaya gel, Muscle & joint rub Pudina (Mimosaceae) (Himalaya) 82 Mentha spiata L Leaf Herb Muscle & joint rub (Himalaya) Pahari pudina (Mimosaceae) 83 Mimosa pudica L. Root Herb Pilex, Styplon Lajjalu (Mimosaceae) 84 Moringa pterygosperma Root Tree Septilin , Rumalaya, Pain massage oil Gaertn (Himalaya), HimRop vet, Himfertin Shigru (Morignaceae) 85 Mucun pruriens (L.) DC. Roots and Climber Kawanch pak, Kawanch churn, Kamdev Kauch hairs on ghrit, Ashwagandha churn, Musli pak, (Fabaceae) pods Dhatupaustic churn, Agstya haritaka, Badam pak, Strenex, Tentax forte, Speman tab. 86 Myrica esculenta Ham. Barks and Tree Katphaladi churn, Purhyanug churn, ex.D.Dun. fruits Khadiradi gutika, Irimedadi tel, Kaphal (Myricaceae) Brihatphal ghrit. 87 Nardostachys jatamansi DC Whole plant Herb Abana, Mentat, Rumalaya, Anxocare Jatamansi (Valerianaceae) 88 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn Rhizome, Herb Arvindasava, Pushyanug churn, Sarivadi Kamal (Nelumbonaceae) flowers and vati, drakshavleha.

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seed 89 Nepeta hindostana (heyne ex Whole plant Herb Abana Roth)Haines Billilotin (Lamiaceae) 90 Nerium odorum Blanc Leaf and Shrub Inflamin vet Kaner (Apocynaceae) root 91 Ocimum sanctum L Whole plant Herb Abana, Diabecon, Diakof, Koflet, Tulsi (Lamiaceae) Ophthacare, Rumalaya, Canisep, Scavonvet, Hiora-K-mouthwash, Bresol, Dabecon 92 Onosma bracteatum Wall Root Herb Cyston, Diakof, Koflet, Nefrotec Bal-jari (Boraginaceae) 93 Operculina turpethum Root Climber Herbalax (L)Manso Triputa (Convolvulaceae) 94 Oroxylum indicum (L.) vent Root bark Tree Dasomoolarista, Dasamooll kwath, Tantia (Bignoniaceae) Pushyanug churn, Amritarista, Mahanarayan tel Chayavanpras etc. 95 Phyllanthus fraternus Webster Whole plant Herb Chyavranpras, Swanshar kwath, Kashhar Jarmala (Euphorbiaceae) kwath, Satpatradi churn, Tonali Livomyn, Livomap (tab & syrup). 96 Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Rhizomes Herb Arogyavardhi vati, Laxmi narayan ras, Benth. and roots Mahayogray guggulu, Amritarista, Kutaki (Scrophulariaceae) Cruminillsyrup, Livertone,Carminex, Pigmeto, Livomyn, Hepatogard, Calcury Apimore ( Teb& tonic) 97 Pinnus roxburghii Sarg Bark and Tree Rumalaya gel/ Rumalaya vet, Cold balm, Chir (Pinaceae) resin Pain balm (Himalaya) 98 Pistacia khinjuk Socks. Leaves, Tree Shringyandi churn, Dashmularista, Kakarsingi (Anacardiaceae) petiole and Kantakari Avaleha, Chyavanpras branches Nokufcough, Kasni. 99 Plumbago zeylanica L. Roots Shrub Chitrakadi vati, Chitrak haritake, Chitrak Chitrak (Plumbaginaceae) ghrit Mahasankh vati, Mahamritaunjay ras, Pigmento, Liv-52, Alarsin, Vigiroll. 100 Polygonatum verticillatum (L) Rhizomes Herb Chyavanpras, Triphala ghrit, Bramh All rasayan, Mahanarayan tel Kantula (Liliaceae) 101 Pongamia pinnata (L). Flower and Tree Erina plus Karanjua (Fabaceae) seed 102 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb Gum leaf Tree Diabecon, Diabetes, Nourishing cream Bijesar (Fabaceae) and flower (Himalaya) 103 Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. Tuber Shrub Vidari churn, Laxamivilasras, Narsing Ex.Willd) churn, Ashwagandha churn, Saraswatista, Siralu (Fabaceae) Chyvanpras. 104 Punica granatum L. Fruits Shrub Dadimastak churn, Dadimadi ghrit, Dadim (Punicaceae) Lavanbhaskar churn Eladi churn. 105 Rauwolfia serpentine (L) Root Shrub Confido, Lukol, Serpira Sarpgandha (Apocynaceae) 106 Rheum australe D. Don Rhizomes Herb Lavanbhaskar churn, Mahajwarankush Chukri (Polygonaceae) and roots ras, Gurukulbal ghutti, Livertone, Uteronol 107 Ricinus communis L. Roots, root Shrub Erand pak, Erand tel Balarista, Arandi (Euphorbiaceae) bark , Pradrantak lauh, Bishgorbh tel, Cibolic leaves and capsules. seeds 108 Rubia cordifolia L. Roots Climber Mahamanjisthadyarista, Majethi (Rubiaceae) herb Mahamanjisthadi ark, Manjisthadi tel, Mahanarayan tel, Ashwagandharista. 109 Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn Fruits Tree Maha laxadi tel Ritha (Sapindaceae)

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110 Sarca asoca (Roxb.) Bark and Tree Evercare, Menosan Ashoka (Caesalpiniaceae) leaf 111 Shorea robusta Roxb. ex. Leaves and Tree Arshonyte forte. Sal (Dipterocarpaceae) bark 112 Sida cordifolia L. Leaves and Herb M2 -Tone Balu (Malvaceae) roots 113 Sphaeranthus indicus L. Whole plant Herb Geriforte, Diabecon Mundi (Asteraceae) 114 Spinaciae oleracea Leaves and Herb Manoll Palak (Chenopodiaceae) fruits 115 Solanum nigrum L. Whole plant Herb Pigmento Makoi (Solanaceae) 116 Solanum surattense Burm. F. Whole Herb Kantakariavleha, Kantakari ghrit, Kantakari (Solanaceae) plants Vyaghiharitaki, Chyavanpras, Dasamoolarist, Dasamool kwath 117 Solanum anguivi Lamk. Whole plant Shrub Brahtyadi kwath, Dasamoolarista , Kandyari (Solanaceae) Dasamool kwath, Chyavanpras , Mahasudarshan churn, Mahanarayan tel 118 Strychnos nux- vomica L. Seed Tree Tentex forte Kuchla (Loganiaceae) 119 Symplocos racemosa Roxb Bark Shrub Evercare, Styplon, Himfertin Lodhra (Symplocaceae) 120 Swertia chirayita Roxb. ex. Whole plant Herb Pigmento and Diabacon. Fleming Chiraita (Gentianaceae) 121 Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Bark and Shrub M2- Tone Ladha (Symplocaceae) leaves 122 Tagetes minuta L. Flowering Herb Essential oil Jangali genda (Asteraceae) tops 123 Taxus baccata auct. (Non L.) Leaves and Tree Talisadi churn, Lavanbhaskar churn, Thuner (Taxaceae) bark Sudarshan churn, Kanksava 124 Tecomell undulate (D.Don) Bark Shrub Liv-52 Rohitaka (Bignoniaceae) 125 Terminalia bellirica (Gaerth.) Fruits Tree Triphala churn, Triphala kwath, Roxb. Sanjivani vati, Kutajavaeleha, Herbotone Bahera (Combretaceae) Hepatogard 126 Terminalia chebula (Gertn.) Frits Tree Haritaki churn, Triphala churn, Agastgy Retx haritaki aveleha, Abhyarista, Triphala Harrd (Combretaceae) ghrti, Chitrak, Haritaki, M2 tone, Hepatogard, Ojus, Mentat, Liv-52 , Herbolax Pilex, Menosan, Gerforte, Abana 127 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb) ex. Bark Tree Sumenta, Mental, Menosan, Geriforte, DC Reosta, Liv-52 Mentat. Arjuna (Combretaceae) 128 Tephrosia purpurea Pers. Whole plant Herb Livomyn, Pigmento Pal (Fabaceae) 129 Thalictrum foliolosum DC. Roots Herb Surma (Yogi Pharmacy) Kirmuri (Ranunculaceae) 130 Tribulus terrestris L. Seeds Herb Manoll, Calcury Gukhru (Zygophyllaceae) 131 Trigonella foenumgraecum L Seed and Herb Foot cream (Himalaya), Revitalizing hair Methi (Fabaceae) fruit oil, Geriforte aqua, Immunol 132 Tinspora cardifolia (Willd.) Stem Climber Giloy satva, Amritasava, Amritarista, Hook Fr Ashwaganda churn, Chandra, prabha Giloy (Menispermaceae) Vati, Guduchi tel, Livonyn, Calcury, Pigmento Livosyp Dibecon, Mentat,Rumalaga Gasex, Geriforte, Liv- 52. Diakof, Manoll, Apimare 133 Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Rhizomes Herb Tagardi kwath, Chandana lodhrasava,

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Sumaya (Valeriancaceae) and Sarivadyasava, Chandrasekhar ras, roots lets Newrocardine, Nervoplex Mondo- valerian, Neocardial liquid, Sumenta. 134 Vernonia cinerea(L) Less Leaf, flower Herb Cystone, Nefrotec Kalijiri (Asteraceae) and seed 135 Viola pilosa Blume Whole Herb Kafsina, Kofteb, Bans cough syrap, Vanfsa (Violaceae) plants Cheston, Mehasudarsan ark. 136 Vitex negundo L. Leaves Shrub Nirgundi ghrit, Nirgundi kwath, Nirgundi Siwain (Verbenaceae) roots and tel, Bishagarbh tel, Rumalagy cream, fruits Himcolin cream. 137 Vitis vinifera L. Whole plant Climber Ojus Angoor (Vitaceae) 138 Withania somnifera (L.) Roots Shrub Asbwagandha churn, Ashwa gnadha Dunal rasayan, Ashwagan dharista, Kamdev Aswagandha (Solanaceae) ghrit, Chyaranpras, Phalaghrit Mahamash tel, Manoll, M2 tone. 139 Woodfordia fruiticosa (L.) Flowers Shrub Gangadher churn, Pushyanug churn, Kurz (Luthraceae) Abhyarista, Ashokarista, Arvidiasava, Femiplex 140 Zanthoxylum armatum DC Whole Shrub Bharmi Vati, Panchtikta guggula, Timroo (Rutaceae) plants Madusnhi rasayan, Dantmanjan. 141 Zingiber officinale Roscoe Rhizome Herb Livomyn, Vomiteb Aadarak (Zingiberaceae) plants are being used in the herbal industry (Dabur, on herb based trade and commerce. In the face of Himalaya, Charak) currently (Tab.1). The summery rich repository of the biodiversity, the state of of detailed results of the survey is presented in the Uttarakhand can make its place in herbal trade and appended table. It follows that plants such as : earn substantial economy. Out of the most Aconitum heterophyllum, Acorus calamus, marketable herbs, a sizable number are either native Adhatoda zeylanica, Asparagus racemosus, Aleo to Uttarakhand or can be successfully introduce in barbadensis, Andrographis paniculata, Boerhavia the state. However, to preserve the biodiversity, the diffusa, Bergenia ligulata, Callicarpa macrophylla, promotion of herbal exploitation will have to be Cissampelos pareira, Eclipta prostrata, Evolvulus paralleled with the systematic introduction of herbal alsinoides, Hedychium spicatum, Picrorhiza cultivation at large scale, which will avoid over kurrooa, Swertia chirayita, Oroxylum indicum, indiscriminate exploitation and ensure constant and Plumbago zeylanica, Ricinus communis, Sida authentic supply. The result of the above study will cordifolia, Solanum nigrum, Tribulus terrestris, decidedly guide the herbal trade and related activity Tinospora cordifolia, Valeriana jatamansi, Vitex in the state. negundo, Withania somnifera Zanthoxylum armatum etc, some of the plants being used as ACKNOWLEDGMENTS herbal medicine. Among the listed plant being used, Grant support from University Grant commission about 28% are tree, 22% are shrub, 45% are herb New Delhi, India is thankfully acknowledged. and rest 7 % are climber (Fig.1). These plants have utility in treating ailments ranging from fever, REFERENCES dysentery, carminative, asthma, epilepsy, bronchial, 1. Bawa KS, Conservation of biodiversity in the skin disease, diarrhea, aphrodisiac, constipation, Himalaya, a concluding remark and agenda for ulcer, eczema, jaundice, kidney stone, rheumatic action, In Himalayan biodiversity conservation pain, urinary troubles, mental disorder, bronchial strategies in: (eds. U. Dhar) GBPHED Almora cough, hepatitis, piles, diabetes and cancer. The (1995) 529-535. plants such as: Aconitum heteroplyllum, Centella 2. Bhatt VP and Vashishta DP , Indigenous plants asiatica, Hedychium spicatum, Picrorhiza kurrooa, in traditional healthcare system in Kedarnath Sapindus mukorossi, Swertia chirayita, Taxus valley of Western Himalayan. Indian J baccata, Valeriana jatamansi etc, appear vary high Traditional Knowledge vol 7 no 2. (2007). in demand in drug industry as they are being used in 3. CIMAP, Technical manual for Entrepreneurship largest number of the preparations. In case of high in cultivation and processing of medicinal and altitude plant, Uttarakhand have exclusive and Aromatic plants( 2004). unique position, as it is a natural habitat for all high 4. Gaur RD, Flora of the District Garhwal, North- altitude plant resources. It could be capitalized for west Himalaya (With Ethonobotanical Notes). economic benefit of the state. Transmedia Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand. The present findings will prove to be (1999) benchmark in shaping and formulating the policies

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5. Naithani BD Flora of Chamoli (BSI. Hawrah) 6. Osmoston AE, A forest flora of Kumaon.( (1984-1985). Government Press, Allahabad) 1927

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