DOCSLIB.ORG

Phytochemical Analysis, Bioassays and the Identification of Drug Lead Compounds from Seven Bhutanese Medicinal Plants Phurpa Wangchuk University of Wollongong

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phytochemical Analysis, Bioassays and the Identification of Drug Lead Compounds from Seven Bhutanese Medicinal Plants Phurpa Wangchuk University of Wollongong University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2014 Phytochemical analysis, bioassays and the identification of drug lead compounds from seven Bhutanese medicinal plants Phurpa Wangchuk University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Wangchuk, Phurpa, Phytochemical analysis, bioassays and the identification of drug lead compounds from seven Bhutanese medicinal plants, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, 2014. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4076 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Phytochemical Analysis, Bioassays and the Identification of Drug Lead Compounds from Seven Bhutanese Medicinal Plants A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY from UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG1 Phurpa Wangchuk M.Sc. Medicinal Chemistry (Research), Post Graduate Diploma (Research Methodology), B.Sc. (Bioscience), Graduate Certificate (Administrative Management). Supervisors: Prof. Stephen G. Pyne and A/Prof. Paul A. Keller School of Chemistry University of Wollongong, Australia 2014 1 Copyright: University of Wollongong, 2014. 1 DECLARATION The ideas and the materials of this thesis, submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Doctorate of Philosophy, in the School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, are entirely of my own work and creation unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. This document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institutions. Phurpa Wangchuk 25th February 2014 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This PhD has been a journey of life-changing experience. The achievements and successes that I have managed to accumulate were made possible by the tirelessness and the selflessness of my two great supervisors: Professor Stephen Pyne and A/Professor Paul Keller. Steve’s strong and expert work ethics including fastness in editing the papers and the thesis cannot be surpassed and has always motivated me to work harder. Paul’s constructive and profound supervision were highly commendable and enriching. Together, these two compassionate and professional scientists brewed brilliance in shaping a brighter future for me and other fellow students. For them I pay my homage and the heartfelt appreciation. Other great human beings who always inspired me and shaped my future are: Emeritus Professor John Bremner who was my master degree supervisor at the University of Wollongong from whom I learnt the art of natural product research and medicinal chemistry; Dr. Jens Aagaard-Hansen (Social Anthropologist) who taught me research methodology and was my postgraduate mentor at the DBL- Centre for Health Research and Development, University of Copenhagen; and Mr. Dorji Wangchuk, the Director General of the Institute of Traditional Medicine Services in Bhutan who was my employment supervisor; They were also my referees and instrumental in securing the prestigious Endeavour Award for my PhD. The Endeavour Postgraduate Award brought me an immense joy, happiness and knowledge. It has benefited me and my family in many ways. This PhD opened a new window of opportunity for me and I will always remain grateful to the Australian Government and the people. I also appreciate the countless support and advice rendered by the Endeavour Case Managers including Lauren Fyfe, Kelly Williams, Liselle Nelmes, Simon Bonnett and Ryan Contazzo. Having a lovely family with me was the greatest joy and a driving force for all the success I reaped including this PhD. The love, understanding and encouragements of my wife (Sonam Choden) and two children (Deki and Sonam) have been overwhelming and for them I remain committed and thankful. I have been also richly blessed with good friends: Alino, Kung, Arife, Greg, Mathew, James, Duc, Thanaphat, Suddhir, Siritron, Gadesirin, Jhoop, Andrew, Muriel, Allan, Ron, Robyn, Sid, Wei and other Pyne group members of the past and present. Thank you all for your friendship especially Andrew and Muriel for being there for us whenever we needed their help. I would like to thank Professor Alex Loukas at James Cook University for his understanding and encouragement to complete my thesis submission and revision from JCU. I acknowledge the wonderful and timely jobs carried out by our collaborators: Mr. Samten, Pharmacognosist at the Manjong Sorig Pharmaceuticals (MSP) in Bhutan for helping me with the plant identification and sample preparation; Dr. Wilford Lie, Dr. John Korth, Mrs. Dimeska and Mr. Cummings at UOW for their help with the NMR and IR spectroscopy, and GC/GCMS/HRESIMS/LRESIMS analysis; Dr. Sumalee at BIOTEC and Dr. Malai at the Srinakharinwirot University for carrying out the bioassays for my samples very efficiently. Lastly, I appreciate the interview and workshop participants for sharing their valuable knowledge. Interview and workshop participants included Bhutanese traditional medicine practitioners, mainly Drungtsho Yeshi Dorji and sman-pa Jigme Thinlay at MSP. Other valuable participants included Mrs. Rebbeca Pradhan (Ecologist) and Raling Ngawang (Chief Forest Officer) who confirmed the botanical names of the medicinal plants. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii HIGHLIGHTS OF PHD RELATED ACHIEVEMENTS AND AWARDS vii LIST OF AWARDS AND FUNDING viii LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ARISING FROM THIS THESIS ix LIST OF CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS AND PRESENTATIONS x LIST OF MEDIA APPEARANCES RELATED TO PHD PROJECT xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii LIST OF FIGURES xv LIST OF SCHEMES xvii LIST OF TABLES xviii ABSTRACT xix CHAPTER 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. General Introduction 2 1.2. Bhutanese traditional medicine (BTM) 4 1.2.1. Overview of BTM 4 1.2.2. Treatments and medications 8 1.2.3. Traditional concepts, classification and characterization of medicinal plants 12 1.2.4. Seven branches of affectionate practices (g.ches-pai-yan-lag-b.dun) and the 15 collection of medicinal plants in Bhutan 1.2.4.1. Correct identification of ingredients (medicinal plants) 15 1.2.4.2. Acceptable habitat and collection centres 18 1.2.4.3. Appropriate collection season and timing 19 1.2.4.4. Pre-processing, smoothening and detoxification of poisonous plants 22 1.2.4.5. Appropriate drying methods of medicinal plants 22 1.2.4.6. Suitable storage conditions of medicinal plants 23 1.2.4.7. Spiritual empowerment 23 1.2.5. Scopes and challenges facing BTM 23 1.2.6. Objectives of the study 25 1.3. Logical framework approach (LFA) 26 1.4. Study limitations 27 1.5. Structure of this thesis 27 iii CHAPTER 2 STANDARDIZATION AND BOTANICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BHUTANESE MEDICINAL PLANTS 29 2.1. Introduction 30 2.2. Traditional and botanical authentication of medicinal plants 32 2.2.1. Medicinal plant distribution by ecological zones 44 2.2.2. Medicinal plant distribution by family 44 2.2.3. Medicinal plant distribution by places (study areas) 44 2.2.4. LAMP segregation by life forms and parts used 45 2.2.5. Segregation of LAMP by components used 47 2.3. Conclusions 48 CHAPTER 3 EVALUATION OF SELECTED BHUTANESE MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR THEIR 49 MAJOR PHYTOCHEMICALS AND BIOACTIVITIES 3.1. Introduction 50 3.2. Selection, collection and the ethnopharamacological uses of medicinal plants 51 3.3. Classes of major phytochemicals present in 25 medicinal plants 55 3.4. Ethno-directed bioactivities of the crude extracts of seven plants 57 3.4.1. Antiplasmodial activity 62 3.4.2. Anti-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense activity 63 3.4.3. Cytotoxicity 63 3.4.4. Anti-inflammatory activity 63 3.4.5. Antimicrobial activities 66 3.5. Conclusions 70 CHAPTER 4 PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF 71 CORYDALIS CRISPA 4.1. Introduction 72 4.2. Isolation and identification of alkaloids 74 4.3. Biological activities of the isolated alkaloids 81 4.3.1. Anti-inflammatory activity 83 4.3.2. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity 85 4.3.3. Antiplasmodial activity 85 4.3.4. Antimicrobial activity 86 4.4. Conclusions 88 CHAPTER 5 PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF 89 CORYDALIS DUBIA 5.1. Introduction 90 5.2. Isolation and structure elucidation of isoquinoline alkaloids from C. dubia 90 5.3. Biological activities 96 iv 5.3.1. Anti-inflammatory activity 96 5.3.2. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity 96 5.3.3. Antiplasmodial activity 97 5.3.4. Antimicrobial activity 100 5.4. Conclusions 100 CHAPTER 6 ESSENTIAL OIL, PHYTOCHEMICALS AND BIOACTIVITIES OF AJANIA 101 NUBIGENA 6.1. Introduction 102 6.2. GC/GC-MS analysis and isolation of the essential oil components 103 6.3. Isolation and identification of the flavonoids from MeOH extracts 106 6.4. Biological activities of the EO, crude extracts and isolated compounds 108 6.4.1. Antiplasmodial activity 108 6.4.2. Cytotoxicity 110 6.4.3. Antimicrobial activity 111 6.5. Conclusions 112 CHAPTER 7 ESSENTIAL OIL AND A NEW ALKALOID FROM MECONOPSIS SIMPLICIFOLIA 113 WITH POTENT ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITIES 7.1. Introduction 114 7.2. GC/GC-MS analysis and isolation of the essential oil components 117 7.3. Isolation and structure elucidation of alkaloids from the MeOH extracts 119 7.4. Biological activities of the crude extracts and isolated compounds 125 7.4.1. Antiplasmodial and the cytotoxicity activities 125 7.4.2. Antimicrobial activities as reported 127 7.5. Conclusions 128 CHAPTER 8 BIOACTIVE TERPENES AND FURANOCOUMARINS FROM PLEUROSPERMUM 129 AMABILE 8.1. Introduction 130 8.2. GC/GC-MS identification and isolation of the essential oil components 134 8.3. Isolation and identification of furanocoumarins from the MeOH extract 137 8.4. Biological activities of the EO, crude extracts and isolated compounds 139 8.4.1. Antibacterial activity 140 8.4.2. Antiplasmodial activity 141 8.4.3. Cytotoxicity 142 8.5. Conclusions 142 CHAPTER 9 DITERPENOID ALKALOIDS FROM ACONITUM LACINIATUM 143 9.1. Introduction 144 9.2. Pharmacological activities and the diterpenoid alkaloids of the genus Aconitum 145 v 9.3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • E-Content-Januaray (2021)
    K.N.G.Arts College for women Department of Botany I B.SC ALLIED BOTANY E-content-Januaray (2021) S.NO E-CONENT 1 UNIT-I 2 UNIT-III 3 UNITIV 18K2ZAB3 ALLIED BOTANY: TAXONOMY, ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, HORTICULTURE AND ECOLOGY UNIT-I: TAXONOMY General outline of Bentham and Hooker’s classification. Detailed study and economic importance of the families: Rutaceae, Leguminosae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae. UNIT-III: EMBRYOLOGY Structure of mature anther and Ovule, Types of ovule. Double fertilization. Development of dicot embryo. UNIT-IV: HORTICULTURE Scope and Importance of Horticulture. Propagation method: Cutting, layering and grafting. Bonsai technique UNIT – I Dr.A.Pauline Fathima Mary, Guest lecturer in Botany, K.N.G.Arts College for Women (A). Thanjavur. UNIT III & IV Dr.S.Gandhimathi & Dr.A.Pauline Fathima Mary , Guest lecturer in Botany, K.N.G.Arts College for Women (A). Thanjavur. REFERENCES 1. Pandey B.P., 2001, Taxonomy. Of Angiosperms,S.Chand & company.Ltd.Newdelhi. 2. Pandey B.P., 2015(Edn), Plant Taxonomy. New central Book Agency,pvt Lit,New Delhi. 3. Rajaram,P.allied Botany 1983.CollegeBook Center.Thanjavur. 4. Kumar,K.N.,1999.Introduction of Horticulture ,Rajalakshmi Publication,Nagerkoil. UNIT – I BENTHAM AND HOOKER'S CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS The outline of Bentham and Hooker's classification of plants is given below. The seeded plants are divided into three classes ' Dicotyledonae,Gymnospermae and Monocotyledonae Bentham and Hooker's classification of plants t is a natural system of classification and is based on important characters of the plants. Even today this system is being followed in India, United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH How to cite this article : PAUDEL R, PALAIAN S, RAVI SHANKAR P, PAUDEL B, , BHATTARAI S. ACONITE POISONING: A CLINICAL REVIEW OF THE FIRST FOUR CASES FROM NEPAL Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research [serial online] 2008 February [cited: 2008 February 4]; 2:651-655. Available from http://www.jcdr.net/back_issues.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2008&month= February &volume=2&issue=1&page=651-655 &id=137 PAUDEL R et al.: Aconite Poisoning: A Clinical Review Of The First Four Cases From Nepal CASE REPORT Aconite Poisoning: A Clinical Review Of The First Four Cases From Nepal PAUDEL R1, PALAIAN S2,3, RAVI SHANKAR P3, PAUDEL B1, BHATTARAI S1 ABSTRACT Aconite tubers are one of the most toxic plant products. They are taken as medication, and are occasionally confused with some other similar plants which are commonly used as medications. This manuscript describes four cases of aconite poisoning that were managed in the Manipal Teaching Hospital. The patients presented with classical symptoms of aconite poisoning such as perioral paraesthesia, generalized burning sensation, and cardiac manifestations such as hypotension and ventricular tachycardia. Since Aconite is a dangerous life threatening herb, one should be aware of this poison. We report four patients who presented with aconite poisoning after mistakenly ingesting aconite, thinking it to be related to medicinal plants. Keywords: Aconite poisoning, Cardiotoxicity, Nepal 1. Department of Medicine, Manipal Teaching Hospital public. The annual incidence of aconitine / Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal poisoning showed a marked decrease from 0.49 to 2 Department of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Transcriptomes Reveal Association Of
    Planta DOI 10.1007/s00425-015-2304-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Next-generation sequencing (NGS) transcriptomes reveal association of multiple genes and pathways contributing to secondary metabolites accumulation in tuberous roots of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. 1 1 1 1 Tarun Pal • Nikhil Malhotra • Sree Krishna Chanumolu • Rajinder Singh Chauhan Received: 13 February 2015 / Accepted: 10 April 2015 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract transcriptomes, respectively. In silico expression profiling of Main conclusion The transcriptomes of Aconitum the mevalonate/2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (non- heterophyllum were assembled and characterized for mevalonate) pathway genes for aconites biosynthesis re- the first time to decipher molecular components con- vealed 4 genes HMGR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA tributing to biosynthesis and accumulation of metabo- reductase), MVK (mevalonate kinase), MVDD (mevalonate lites in tuberous roots. diphosphate decarboxylase) and HDS (1-hydroxy-2-methyl- 2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase) with higher expres- Aconitum heterophyllum Wall., popularly known as Atis, is a sion in root transcriptome compared to shoot transcriptome high-value medicinal herb of North-Western Himalayas. No suggesting their key role in biosynthesis of aconite alkaloids. information exists as of today on genetic factors contributing Five genes, GMPase (geranyl diphosphate mannose py- to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites accumulating in rophosphorylase), SHAGGY, RBX1 (RING-box protein 1), tuberous roots, thereby, limiting genetic interventions to- SRF receptor kinases and b-amylase, implicated in tuberous wards genetic improvement of A. heterophyllum.Illumina root formation in other plant species showed higher levels of paired-end sequencing followed by de novo assembly yielded expression in tuberous roots compared to shoots.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Practices of Sacred Natural Sites: a Socio-Religious Approach for Successful Implementation of Primary
    Medicinal practices of sacred natural sites: a socio-religious approach for successful implementation of primary healthcare services Rajasri Ray and Avik Ray Review Correspondence Abstract Rajasri Ray*, Avik Ray Centre for studies in Ethnobiology, Biodiversity and Background: Sacred groves are model systems that Sustainability (CEiBa), Malda - 732103, West have the potential to contribute to rural healthcare Bengal, India owing to their medicinal floral diversity and strong social acceptance. *Corresponding Author: Rajasri Ray; [email protected] Methods: We examined this idea employing ethnomedicinal plants and their application Ethnobotany Research & Applications documented from sacred groves across India. A total 20:34 (2020) of 65 published documents were shortlisted for the Key words: AYUSH; Ethnomedicine; Medicinal plant; preparation of database and statistical analysis. Sacred grove; Spatial fidelity; Tropical diseases Standard ethnobotanical indices and mapping were used to capture the current trend. Background Results: A total of 1247 species from 152 families Human-nature interaction has been long entwined in has been documented for use against eighteen the history of humanity. Apart from deriving natural categories of diseases common in tropical and sub- resources, humans have a deep rooted tradition of tropical landscapes. Though the reported species venerating nature which is extensively observed are clustered around a few widely distributed across continents (Verschuuren 2010). The tradition families, 71% of them are uniquely represented from has attracted attention of researchers and policy- any single biogeographic region. The use of multiple makers for its impact on local ecological and socio- species in treating an ailment, high use value of the economic dynamics. Ethnomedicine that emanated popular plants, and cross-community similarity in from this tradition, deals health issues with nature- disease treatment reflects rich community wisdom to derived resources.
    [Show full text]
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]
  • Cronicon OPEN ACCESS EC AGRICULTURE Guest Editorial Aconitum Heterophyllum: a Natural Gift
    Cronicon OPEN ACCESS EC AGRICULTURE Guest Editorial Aconitum heterophyllum: A Natural Gift Teena Agrawal* Assistant professor, Banasthali Vidhypeeth, Niwai, Rajasthan, India *Corresponding Author: Teena Agrawal, Assistant professor, Banasthali Vidhypeeth, Niwai, Rajasthan, India. Received: August 17, 2018; Published: October 29, 2018 Abstract The members of the ranunculaceae are the natural gift, they are used for the variety of the purposes, the genus of the family are used for the basically ornamental pursues and they are used as the medicines. Here in this review article we are presenting some of the aspect s of the genus Aconitum and basically the species termed as the Aconitum heterophyllum, the genus is known as the atiwish, atvika, ativvasa, the meaning of the terms is the counteracting position. The genus is used basically for the tuber roots, the roots are used for the ayurvedic drug termed as the ativisa, due to the contains utilization of the plants the roots are overexploited and the habitat are reduced, so the tubers and the species been declared ass the endangered, the species of the plant is distributed in the Himalayas’ and the Uttarakhand of the India, the cold climate is very suitable for the cultivation, so for the medicines purposes the species needs to be protected and it should be propagated in all over the India as well lain the other parts of the world. Keywords: Aconitum heterophyllum; Atiwish; Atvika; Ativiasa; The Endangered Himalayas’ and the Uttarakhand of the India Introduction The nature is the gift of the several kinds of the plants on the earth, the tribal peoples uses the plants for there several kinds of the needs, the folk medicines is still the basis of the many kinds of the drugs of the today uses [1-8].
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DOS VALES DO JEQUITINHONHA E MUCURI Bethânia Alves De Avelar DETECÇÃO in VITRO DE CITOCINAS INTRACITOPLA
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DOS VALES DO JEQUITINHONHA E MUCURI Bethânia Alves de Avelar DETECÇÃO IN VITRO DE CITOCINAS INTRACITOPLASMÁTICAS (INTERFERON GAMA, FATOR DE NECROSE TUMORAL, INTERLEUCINA 4 E INTERLEUCINA 10) EM LEUCÓCITOS HUMANOS TRATADOS COM EXTRATO BRUTO DILUÍDO DE Euphorbia tirucalli Diamantina 2010 Bethânia Alves de Avelar DETECÇÃO IN VITRO DE CITOCINAS INTRACITOPLASMÁTICAS (INTERFERON GAMA, FATOR DE NECROSE TUMORAL, INTERLEUCINA 4 E INTERLEUCINA 10) EM LEUCÓCITOS HUMANOS TRATADOS COM EXTRATO BRUTO DILUÍDO DE Euphorbia tirucalli Dissertação apresentada ao curso de Mestrado do Programa Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Fisiológicas. Área de concentração: Farmacologia de produtos naturais e plantas medicinais. Orientador: Dr. Gustavo Eustáquio Brito Alvim de Melo - UFVJM Coorientador: Dra. Miriam Tereza da Paz Lopes - UFMG Diamantina 2010 AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, pelo cuidado; Ao meu pai Américo e minha mãe Lúcia, pelo exemplo de perseverança, amizade, apoio e dedicação; Ao meu irmão Américo, pelo companheirismo; Aos meus tios, Lucimar, Lucinéia, Lucilene, Estanislau e Luciano, pela bondade, incentivo e prontidão em ajudar; Ao Professor Dr. Gustavo Eustáquio Brito Alvim de Melo, pelo auxílio na formação acadêmica, pela amizade e o exemplo de Pesquisador; À Professora Dra. Miriam Tereza da Paz Lopes, pela disposição em coorientar; Ao Professor Dr. Herton Helder Rocha Pires (Tim), pelo incentivo e confiança desde a iniciação científica; À equipe do Programa Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas da UFVJM pelos conselhos e apoio; Ao Dr. Olindo Martins Filho, pelas contribuições ao trabalho; Aos funcionários da Pró-reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, pelo comprometimento; À equipe do laboratório de Imunologia da UFVJM, pelo incentivo e apoio, e trabalho em equipe; A todos que contribuíram de alguma forma para a realização deste trabalho.
    [Show full text]
  • Thai Zingiberaceae : Species Diversity and Their Uses
    URL: http://www.iupac.org/symposia/proceedings/phuket97/sirirugsa.html © 1999 IUPAC Thai Zingiberaceae : Species Diversity And Their Uses Puangpen Sirirugsa Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand Abstract: Zingiberaceae is one of the largest families of the plant kingdom. It is important natural resources that provide many useful products for food, spices, medicines, dyes, perfume and aesthetics to man. Zingiber officinale, for example, has been used for many years as spices and in traditional forms of medicine to treat a variety of diseases. Recently, scientific study has sought to reveal the bioactive compounds of the rhizome. It has been found to be effective in the treatment of thrombosis, sea sickness, migraine and rheumatism. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FAMILY ZINGIBERACEAE Perennial rhizomatous herbs. Leaves simple, distichous. Inflorescence terminal on the leafy shoot or on the lateral shoot. Flower delicate, ephemeral and highly modified. All parts of the plant aromatic. Fruit a capsule. HABITATS Species of the Zingiberaceae are the ground plants of the tropical forests. They mostly grow in damp and humid shady places. They are also found infrequently in secondary forest. Some species can fully expose to the sun, and grow on high elevation. DISTRIBUTION Zingiberaceae are distributed mostly in tropical and subtropical areas. The center of distribution is in SE Asia. The greatest concentration of genera and species is in the Malesian region (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea) *Invited lecture presented at the International Conference on Biodiversity and Bioresources: Conservation and Utilization, 23–27 November 1997, Phuket, Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plant Conservation
    MEDICINAL Medicinal Plant PLANT SPECIALIST GROUP Conservation Silphion Volume 11 Newsletter of the Medicinal Plant Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Chaired by Danna J. Leaman Chair’s note . 2 Sustainable sourcing of Arnica montana in the International Standard for Sustainable Wild Col- Apuseni Mountains (Romania): A field project lection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Wolfgang Kathe . 27 (ISSC-MAP) – Danna Leaman . 4 Rhodiola rosea L., from wild collection to field production – Bertalan Galambosi . 31 Regional File Conservation data sheet Ginseng – Dagmar Iracambi Medicinal Plants Project in Minas Gerais Lange . 35 (Brazil) and the International Standard for Sus- tainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and Aro- Conferences and Meetings matic Plants (ISSC-MAP) – Eleanor Coming up – Natalie Hofbauer. 38 Gallia & Karen Franz . 6 CITES News – Uwe Schippmann . 38 Conservation aspects of Aconitum species in the Himalayas with special reference to Uttaran- Recent Events chal (India) – Niranjan Chandra Shah . 9 Conservation Assessment and Management Prior- Promoting the cultivation of medicinal plants in itisation (CAMP) for wild medicinal plants of Uttaranchal, India – Ghayur Alam & Petra North-East India – D.K. Ved, G.A. Kinhal, K. van de Kop . 15 Ravikumar, R. Vijaya Sankar & K. Haridasan . 40 Taxon File Notices of Publication . 45 Trade in East African Aloes – Sara Oldfield . 19 Towards a standardization of biological sustain- List of Members. 48 ability: Wildcrafting Rhatany (Krameria lap- pacea) in Peru – Maximilian
    [Show full text]
  • Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem
    Check List 9(2): 186–207, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir PECIES S OF Mandar Nilkanth Datar 1* and P. Lakshminarasimhan 2 ISTS L (Molem) National Park, Goa, India *1 CorrespondingAgharkar Research author Institute, E-mail: G. [email protected] G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411 004. Maharashtra, India. 2 Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711 103. West Bengal, India. Abstract: Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem) National Park, the only National park in Goa, was evaluated for it’s diversity of Angiosperms. A total number of 721 wild species belonging to 119 families were documented from this protected area of which 126 are endemics. A checklist of these species is provided here. Introduction in the National Park are Laterite and Deccan trap Basalt Protected areas are most important in many ways for (Naik, 1995). Soil in most places of the National Park area conservation of biodiversity. Worldwide there are 102,102 is laterite of high and low level type formed by natural Protected Areas covering 18.8 million km2 metamorphosis and degradation of undulation rocks. network of 660 Protected Areas including 99 National Minerals like bauxite, iron and manganese are obtained Parks, 514 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 43 Conservation. India Reserves has a from these soils. The general climate of the area is tropical and 4 Community Reserves covering a total of 158,373 km2 with high percentage of humidity throughout the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal Vol. 30 Final 2076.7.1.Indd
    102-120 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 Flora of community managed forests of Palpa district, western Nepal Pratiksha Shrestha1, Ram Prasad Chaudhary2, Krishna Kumar Shrestha1, Dharma Raj Dangol3 1Central Department of Botany,Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 2Research Center for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Kathmandu, Nepal 3Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan University, Swayambhu, Kathmandu, Nepal ABSTRACT Floristic diversity is studied based on gender in two different management committee community forests (Barangdi-Kohal jointly managed community forest and Bansa-Gopal women managed community forest) of Palpa district, west Nepal. Square plot of 10m×10m size quadrat were laid for covering all forest areas and maintained minimum 40m distance between two quadrats. Altogether 68 plots (34 in each forest) were sampled. Both community forests had nearly same altitudinal range, aspect and slope but differed in different environmental variables and members of management committees. All the species present in quadrate and as well as outside the quadrate were recorded for analysis. There were 213 species of flowering plant belonging to 67 families and 182 genera. Barangdi-Kohal JM community forest had high species richness i.e. 176 species belonging to 64 families and 150 genera as compared to Bansa-Gopal WM community forest with 143 species belonging to 56 families and 129 genera. According to different life forms and family and genus wise jointly managed forest have high species richness than in women managed forest. Both community forests are banned for fodder, fuel wood and timber collection without permission of management comities. There is restriction of grazing in JM forest, whereas no restriction of grazing in WM forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Apiaceae Family in Iran: a Review
    Review Article Ethnobotanical knowledge of Apiaceae family in Iran: A review Mohammad Sadegh Amiri1*, Mohammad Reza Joharchi2 1Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Botany, Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Article history: Abstract Received: Dec 28, 2015 Objective: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family is one of the biggest Received in revised form: Jan 08, 2016 plant families on the earth. Iran has a huge diversity of Apiaceae Accepted: Jan10, 2016 members. This family possesses a range of compounds that have Vol. 6, No. 6, Nov-Dec 2016, many biological activities. The members of this family are well 621-635. known as vegetables, culinary and medicinal plants. Here, we present a review of ethnobotanical uses of Apiaceae plants by the * Corresponding Author: Iranian people in order to provide a comprehensive documentation Tel: +989158147889 for future investigations. Fax: +985146229291 Materials and Methods: We checked scientific studies published [email protected] in books and journals in various electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar websites) Keywords: Apiaceae from 1937 to 2015 and reviewed a total of 52 publications that Ethnobotany provided information about different applications of these plant Medicinal Plants species in human and livestock. Non- Medicinal Plants Results: As a result of this review, several ethnobotanical usages Iran of 70 taxa, 17 of which were endemic, have been determined. These plants were used for medicinal and non-medicinal purposes. The most commonly used parts were fruits, leaves, aerial parts and gums. The most common methods of preparation were decoction, infusion and poultice.
    [Show full text]