Fenomena Rentaru Kazoku Di Jepang Dewasa Ini

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Fenomena Rentaru Kazoku Di Jepang Dewasa Ini FENOMENA RENTARU KAZOKU DI JEPANG DEWASA INI GENZAI NO NIHON NI OKERU RENTARU KAZOKU NO GENSHOU SKRIPSI Skripsi ini diajukan kepada Panitia Ujian Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat ujian sarjana dalam bidang Ilmu Budaya OLEH: FULLAH AFRAH WALID NIM: 180722013 PROGRAM STUDI EKSTENSI SASTRA JEPANG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 FENOMENA RENTARU KAZOKU DI JEPANG DEWASA INI GENZAI NO NIHON NI OKERU RENTARU KAZOKU NO GENSHOU SKRIPSI Skripsi ini diajukan kepada panitia Ujian Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan untuk melengkapi salah Satu Syarat ujian sarjana dalam bidang Ilmu Sastra Jepang Dosen Pembimbing Prof. Hamzon Situmorang, MS.,Ph.D NIP 198507041984121001 PROGRAM STUDI SASTRA JEPANG EKSTENSI FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 Disetujui Oleh : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Departemen Sastra Jepang Ekstensi Ketua, Prof. Hamzon Situmorang, MS.,Ph.D NIP. 198507041984121001 PENGESAHAN Diterima Oleh : Panitia ujian Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat ujian Sarjana dalam Bidang Ilmu Sastra Jepang Pada Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Pada : Tanggal : Pukul : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Dekan, Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S NIP.196008051987031001 Penguji Tugas Akhir : No. Nama Tanda Tangan 1. Prof. Hamzon Situmorang, M.S., Ph.D ( ) 2. Adriana Hasibuan, S.S., M.Hum ( ) 3. Drs. Eman Kusdiyana, M.Hum ( ) KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillahirabbil‟alamin.. Segala puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang selalu melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga dapat menyelesikan skripsi yang berjudul “FENOMENA RENTARU KAZOKU DI JEPANG DEWASA INI”. Sebagai syarat untuk menyelesaikan program sarjana (S1) pada program sarjana Fakultas Ilmu Budaya jurusan Sastra Jepang Universitas Sumatera Utara. Dalam penyusunan skripsi ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan karena kemampuan penulis yang masih terbatas. Tetapi, atas rahmat Allah SWT, serta bantuan dari berbagai pihak, akhirnya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Maka dari itu, pada kesempatan ini penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya kepada : 1. Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Bapak Prof. Hamzon Situmorang, M.S.,Ph.D selaku Ketua Jurusan Sastra Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara sekaligus dosen pembimbing 1saya yang telah banyak meluangkan waktu dan memberikan bimbingan dan pengarahan sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 3. Bapak Ali Mansyar, SS.,MA.,Ph.D selaku dosen pembimbing 2 saya yang memberikan bimbingan dan pengarahan sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. i 4. Bapak/Ibu selaku dosen penguji yang telah memberikan pengarahan, kritik, dan saran yang sangat bermanfaat bagi penyelesaian skripsi ini. 5. Seluruh staf pengajar pada program studi Sastra Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera, atas didikannya selama masa perkuliahan. Dari semuanya yang teristimewa bagi saya, untuk kedua orang tua saya, mama tersayang Elly Mudiaty,SE. Dan ayah tercinta Ir. Hibnul Walid,MT. Yang telah memberikan semangat, dukungan, doa, serta kasih sayang yang begitu besar kepada saya. Terimakasih juga buat saudara saya Fadhlan Akbar Walid, Fatiya Amirah Walid, Fahimmal Aisyah Walid, yang selalu mendukung saya. Terimakasih untuk Satria Ramadhan S yang telah mendukung dan mensupport saya. Terimakasih untuk Untuk sahabat saya Risya Tania Putri, Chikita Dita Puzahra, Tengku Triana Afdhilla, Dinda Luthfita, M.Rizki Fauzi Nst, Mira Praptiningsih, Soeganda Goeloe yang selalu menyemangati saya untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Saya menyadari masih banyak kekurangan dalam skripsi ini, sehingga kritik dan saran diharapkan oleh saya. Akhir kata, saya mengucapkan terimakasih. Semoga skripsi ini dapat berguna bagi kita dikemudian hari. Medan, Januari 2020 Fullah Afrah Walid NIM. 180722013 ii DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................. i DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... iii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ........................................................................... 1 1.2 Perumasan Masalah .................................................................................. 6 1.3 Ruang Lingkup Pembahasan .................................................................... 7 1.4 Tinjauan Pustaka ...................................................................................... 8 1.4.1 Tinjauan Pustaka ............................................................................... 8 1.4.2 Kerangka Teori.................................................................................. 9 1.5 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................... 11 1.5.1 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................ 11 1.5.2 Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................... 12 1.6 Metode Penelitian ................................................................................... 12 BAB II TINJAUAN UMUM TENTANG KAZOKU DAN RENTARU KAZOKU ............................................................................................... 13 2.1 Konsep Kazoku ....................................................................................... 13 2.2 Rentaru Kazoku ...................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 Definisi Rentaru Kazoku ................................................................. 14 2.2.2 Faktor Penyebab Lahirnya Rentaru Kazoku ................................... 17 BAB III REALITA DAN MANFAAT RENTARU KAZOKU BAGI MASYARAKAT JEPANG ................................................................... 21 3.1 Realita Rentaru Kazoku .......................................................................... 21 iii 3.1.1. Masyarakat Pengguna Rentaru Kazoku .......................................... 23 3.1.2. Tempat dan Waktu Penggunaan Rentaru Kazoku ........................... 26 3.2 Manfaat Rentaru Kazoku ........................................................................ 30 3.2.1 Secara Ekonomi .............................................................................. 30 3.2.2 Secara Sosial ................................................................................... 31 3.3 Dampak Positif dan Negatif Rentaru Kazoku ........................................ 33 3.3.1 Dampak Positif Rentaru Kazoku ..................................................... 33 3.3.2 Dampak Negatif Rentaru Kazoku ................................................... 34 BAB IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN.............................................................. 40 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................................ 40 DAFTAR PUSTAKA iv BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah Budaya adalah suatu keseluruhan kompleks yang meliputi pengetahuan, kepercayaan, kesenian, moral, keilmuan, hukum, adat istiadat, dan kemampuan yang lain serta kebiasaan yang didapat oleh manusia sebagai anggota masyarakat (E.B Tylor dalam Setiadi dkk, 2005:27). Selo Soemardjan dalam Setiadi dkk (2005:28) juga menyebutkan bahwa kebudayaan adalah semua hasil karya, rasa, dan cipta manusia. Dengan demikian, kebudayaan atau budaya menyangkut keseluruhan aspek kehidupan manusia baik material maupun non-material. Dengan sederhana dapat dijelaskan bahwa budaya adalah segala sesuatu kegiatan, aktifitas dan kebiasaan yang dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia. Manusia merupakan pelaku serta sekaligus pengguna dari produk- produk kebudayaan yang dihasilkan oleh manusia itu sendiri. Manusia dalam kesehariannya akan berinteraksi dengan sesamanya dan menghasilkan apa yang disebut dengan peradaban, hal ini juga merupakan identitas manusia sebagai makhluk sosial. Semenjak terciptanya peradaban dan seiring dengan terus berkembangnya peradaban tersebut, maka akan melahirkan berbagai macam bentuk kebudayaan. Oleh karenanya budaya dapat berubah-ubah sesuai dengan kebutuhan manusia pada zaman tertentu. 1 Jepang merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki beragam kebudayaan yang telah dikenal oleh masyarakat dunia, termasuk oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Meskipun negara Jepang merupakan salah satu negara maju di Asia dan dunia, dan arus globalisasi dan modernisasi yang begitu deras mengalir di kalangan masyarakat Jepang, tidak membuat kebudayaan tradisional Jepang seketika menghilang dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat Jepang. Hingga dewasa ini, kebudayaan tradisional tersebut masih dapat disaksikan dalam kehidupan masyarakat Jepang, tidak sedikit pula yang telah berakulturasi dengan kebudayaan-kebudayaan asing. Meskipun demikian, sebagai salah satu negara maju, negara Jepang tidak terlepas dari berbagai fenomena yang terjadi di kalangan masyarakat Jepang. Fenomena merupakan kejadian-kejadian baru yang tumbuh di kalangan masyarakat. Salah satu faktor yang menimbulkan fenomena di kalangan masyarakat negara maju seperti Jepang adalah meningkatnya persaingan, jam kerja dan tingkat strees yang menimbulkan kurangnya interaksi antara manusia satu sama lainnya. Dan lagi, adanya budaya hajinobunka 恥の文化 dan doutoku 道徳 yakni budaya malu untuk menyusahkan orang
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