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_ Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. M S _ C 1 0 When did it happen? Lesson 1 Civilization Greek 113 4. What ideas did the express in express Greeks the did What ideas 4. develop? dramas Greek did How 3. important and epics Why were 2. honor Greeks ancient the How did 1. GUIDING QUESTIONS unique?What aculture makes ESSENTIAL QUESTION CLASS ______DATE______NAME ______Where in world? the L 700 700 1 _ 1 the the creates c. 700s 3 4 their art and architecture? and art their Greeks? ancient the to gods? their 0 4 B 7 Odyssey . i . n C d d .

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? Iliad Odyssey netw rks Check the Text the Greeks seek advice Greeks advice seek from oracles? and the Greek gods and goddesses were like. festivalshave and rituals for their gods? Why did the did ancientWhy Who wrote the Underline what the the did GreeksWhy Marking Reading 3. Identifying 4. 1. Paraphrasing 2. . . C . or B Odyssey rituals, The Odyssey and the Continued written about 700 story of the hero Odysseus Odysseus of adventures home fromgoing the Trojan war Iliad • • • . C . 4 B 1 1

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_ Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. M S _ C 1 0 Greek Civilization Greek 115 Lesson 1 AE______AE ______CLASS ______DATE______NAME ______L 1 _ 1 Reading Reading 6. Critical 5. Listing 7.

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Use on the Writing Greek netw rks Check Check tabs to list what you you what list to tabs about remember Greek writing, art, and architecture. Foldable to cover the Check for Understanding. Write anchor Label tab. the top tab and the bottom tab Art and Architecture. sides the of both design their their design buildings? drama influence how are people entertained today? built? Place a two-tab How did the did GreeksHow How did Greek did How were templesWhy

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goddess Athena. of Greek all Sculpture, like art, expressed artists' ideas of perfection beauty. and paint. Largepaint. vases often pictures have from myths. Small pictures cups, have pieces, like from life. everyday large columns to support The the most roof. important were the temples.buildings Each temple dedicated was to a god or goddess. The of honored the Greek Art Architecture and Greek artists created art that expressed the ideals of This style of art and harmony. balance, is now order, asknown the classical style. happy ending. happy the all parts, played the female even characters. For the Greeks, dramas were part religious of festivals. Greek dramas such dealt big ideas, with as the good of meaning the and rightsand evil of people. comedy. a tragedyin cannot their solve problems no matter how Thehard first they try. Greek were tragedies. plays use we the word Today, happily. For the Greeks,story. a comedy drama a with any was The Impact of Greek Drama Impact The A the partsThey play of thecharacters saying the story, in their words and acting out their feelings and actions. are and television shows often plays, Movies, dramas. NAME ______NAME ______DATE ______CLASS 116 116 T Lesson 1 1 Lesson Greek Civilization Glue Foldable here Foldable Glue _ 6 1 1 - 3 1 1113-116_TN_RESG_MS_C10_L1_134047.indd 116 1117-120_TN_RESG_MS_C10_L2_134047.indd 117 1 7 - 1 2 0 _ T N _ R E S G

_ Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. M S _ C 1 0 Lesson 2 Civilization Greek 117 When did it happen? the L column with the information that you that learned. information the with Lcolumn the in fill lesson, In the whatyou Wcolumn, list the want reading toknow.and scientists. After historians, philosophers, Greek ancient about know whatyouIn Kcolumn, already list the you know? do What about believe Greeks the What did 2. develop Greeks the did What ideas 1. GUIDING QUESTIONS way live? people the How change donew ideas ESSENTIAL QUESTION CLASS ______DATE______NAME ______600 L 2 _ 1 3 4 history and science? and history them? around world the explain to 0 B 4 7 . . C i n in History You Here Are 548 of dies of Miletus . d d

1 1 7 B . C . KWL The Greek Mind Greek The Thales 500 500 Persian Wars of history writes 435 c. 424 Peloponnesian Wars of history writes B . C .400 B . C B . . Herodotus C . they practicing start medicine make when newdoctors that care patient Oath Hippocratic by gaintruth; developed to questioning Socratic method debate rhetoric reasoning, and public speaking Sophists Know to Terms 399 399 to death sentenced Socrates the art of public speaking and and speaking ofpublic art the Greek teachers of philosophy, teachers Greek B 387 Athens in Academy the . B C . . C .300 B . philosophical method of of method philosophical C a set of promises about about ofpromises a set . opens netw rks netw 335 335 Lyceum in Athens in Lyceum the opens B . C . B . C . 99/18/13 10:23AM / 1 8 / 1 3

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on , Aristotle Socrates philosophy and netw rks Word Origins Foldable along the dotted Write line. Thinkers Greek the anchor tab. Label the three tabs— Plato the tabs to write about the beliefs of each philosopher. top group of Plato's ideal government? word from? come Place a three-tab Who made up the Where does the Understanding

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decisions. divided people His ideal government three into groups. everyone The top group philosopher was kings. Plato felt for best was what do to enough wise were they best for was themselves. what only than rather he refused. He said that he lived in Athens, so he had to to had he so Athens, in lived he that said He refused. he obey the city’s He drank poison laws. to carry death out his sentence. called He did democracy. Athenian not like Plato did ideal society. that everyonenot believe society in good could make answer questions and to learn. question to people encouraged he said They dangerous. leaders’ 399 their decisions. In and found guilty people of teaching young to rebel. He was sentenced Socrates to death. left could have but Athens, thought there an absolute was right and wrong. He thought realall knowledge buried was deep inside each person. the themselves through This meant not lecture he did students. his Socrates asked to for themselves think to them wanted He questions. them that the gods influenced They not believe life. did everyday absolute,in or definite, right and wrong. They that thought something wrong for one person could be right for another. from know about him We students’ his of philosophy. writings. Socrates not agree did the with Sophists. He Greek Thinkers The word The firstof wisdom.” philosophers were Greek thinkers. taught Sophists Greece. ancient speaking and formal argument. Sophists not believe did NAME ______NAME ______DATE ______CLASS 118 118 T Greek Civilization 2 Lesson Glue Foldable here Foldable Glue _ 0 2 1 - 7 1 1117-120_TN_RESG_MS_C10_L2_134047.indd 118 1117-120_TN_RESG_MS_C10_L2_134047.indd 119 1 7 - 1 2 0 _ T N _ R E S G

_ Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. M S _ C 1 0 Greek Civilization Greek 119 Lesson 2 AE______AE ______CLASS ______DATE______NAME ______L 2 _ 1 Marking Marking 5. Reading 4. 6. 3 Explaining 4 0 4 7 Why did Platodislike In Plato's ideal Underline the way the Underline democracy? Athenian Why? andshelter?clothing food, provide to work do all the society, whowould Herodotus. before past the explained people . i n d the Text Check d

1 1 9 The Greek Mind, Greek The at the world around him, was an important step in the in the step him, around was animportant world at the should live moderately. orlooking His in belief observation, people that idea onthe Lyceum. focused Histeaching planets. andthe ongovernment, science, 200 than works more wrote Aristotle Academy. was Aristotle. student Hisbest in the It Athens. was called aschool men. Platostarted as jobs same andthe haveshould education same the andwould make decisions. foolish influenced easily shelter. Plato believed too were that people thecommon clothing, food, toprovide and necessary were that society in did jobs all ofthe They else. was everyone group third The attack. against society the jobwas todefend Their historical events, he tried to separate fact from legend. from fact events, toseparate hetried historical affected gods the that hebelieved Wars. Though Persian true. were tothenext generation believed one that from the and legends myths passed history. did notwrite They people ofyears, For thousands New and History Ideas Science government. States United ofthe founders the influenced ideas Aristotle's types. ofallcombination three people. ofthe was democracy,third by majority orrule the was oligarchy, second The people. afew by just orrule was monarchy, aking. as The such by orrule oneperson, Politics science. development ofmodern In 355 355 In women that believed time, Plato atthat men Unlike most in Plato’s group society. ideal second the were Warriors Then, in 435Then, government was a best thought the that Aristotle government in his book about wrote also Aristotle Continued . He divided governments into three types. The first first The types. into three governments . Hedivided B . 3. democracy—rule by manydemocracy—rule people 3. oligarchy—rule by people afew 2. monarchy—or1. rule by one person Government should be a combination C ., Aristotle opened his own school called the the called his own., opened school Aristotle B . C ., Herodotus wrote the history of the ofthe history the wrote ., Herodotus of types: three different About Government Aristotle’s Ideas netw rks netw 99/18/13 10:23AM / 1 8 / 1 3

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3 1 / 8 1 / 99/18/13 10:24 AM Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies...... Science Philosophy. Philosophy. and New Ideas netw rks Check about Greek ideas that are still used today. Foldable behind a one-tab Foldable along the anchor tabs. Glue the bookletFoldable along the dotted line the Checkto cover for Understanding. On the anchor tab, write Label the one-tab Foldable Label the two tabs— History Use both sides of what list to tabs the rememberyou history?" and Thucydides different? of father "the called Glue a two-tab How wereHow Herodotus is HerodotusWhy

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d d n i . 7 4 0 The Greek Mind, The Greek Mind, 4 3 1 _ 2 L _ 0 1 C _ S M _ Father of History Father of Medicine G S List one historian and one scientist and their Identify the father of history and the father of E wrote a list of rules doctorsabout how Another Greek scientist, , that all believed Hippocrates a physician called who is was the "father of The first important Greek scientist Thales was of Miletus. In ancient most times, peopleIn the that gods thought R _ ideas that were different from the beliefs of earlier Greeks. 3. 4. medicine. Bothwere ancient Greeks. 1. 2. Check Understanding for N

help the patient. It says they should protect should they patient’s the says It patient. the help doctors around the world still promise to Today, privacy. honor the Hippocratic Oath. causes. He made important discoveries about different kinds of diseases. treatments He also developed own his to people. sick cure should treat their patients. The rules are listed the in Hippocratic Oath. relationships the in world could be expressed numbers. in the PythagoreanHe is famous for developing theorem. is It still used geometry in figure to out the length of the sides of a triangle. natural from came diseases that believed He medicine." thought thatthought people could discover the causes of natural events observing, by investigating, and thinking. He made discoveries and developed theories observing by and thinking. the “father of history.” Thucydides anotherthe was “father famous history.” of historian of the that the ancient believe not He did world. gods affected Thucydides human history. tried to write everything it actually the way happened. the early Greekcontrolled scientists nature. However, He was theHe was first is called he to do careful research. Today, NAME ______NAME ______DATE ______CLASS 120 120 T Lesson 2 2 Lesson Greek Civilization Glue Foldable here Foldable Glue _ 0 2 1 - 7 1 1117-120_TN_RESG_MS_C10_L2_134047.indd 120 1121-124_TN_RESG_MS_C10_L3_134047.indd 121 2 1 - 1 2 4 _ T N _ R E S G

_ Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. M S _ C 1 0 When did it happen? Where in world? the Lesson 3 Civilization Greek 121 3. How successful was Alexander in Alexander was successful How 3. as goals Alexander’s What were 2. become Why did 1. GUIDING QUESTIONS of aleader? What characteristics the are ESSENTIAL QUESTION CLASS ______DATE______NAME ______L 360 360 3 _ Macedonia of king becomes 359 359 1 3 in History You Here Are 4 achieving his goals? his achieving a ruler? powerful? 0 4 B 7 . B i . n C . d C d .

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1 Philip II 2 1 Alexander’s Empire conquers Greece 338 338 B . C . Philip II 334 334 at Granicus army Persian defeats cavalry Alexander’s 340 B . B C Issus Persians at defeats Alexander 333 333 . . to all the lands in his empire inhis lands allthe to spread culture Greek when died Alexander Era Hellenistic horses cavalry Know to Terms C .320 B . C . soldiers who fight while riding whileriding fight who soldiers 331 • • • Persian Empire Persian takes over Alexander of builds city Alexander Egypt conquers Alexander the time period after after period time the B . C . netw rks netw into India into armies leads Alexander 327 327 323 323 • • Babylon to returns Alexander dies dies Alexander B . B C . . C . B . C 99/18/13 10:24AM . / 1 8 / 1 3

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3 1 / 8 1 / 99/18/13 10:24 AM Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. netw rks Conclusions the Text the Check over most of Greece? fulfill father’s his dream? the person who warned the Greeks army. about Philip's able to gain control How did Alexander did How Circle the name of II Philip was How Marking Drawing 3. 1. Reading 2. ., the C . B Continued . He had about C . B , the soldiers who rode horses, 2 2 1 cavalry

d d n i . 7 4 0 Alexander’s Empire, Empire, Alexander’s 4 3 1 _ The Life of ., Philip II became king of Macedonia. He He Macedonia. of king became II Philip ., 3 L C _ . 0 B 1 C _ S M • India Invaded Age 29: • Died Babylon in Age 32: • Commander father's his in army Age 16: • Became rulerAge 20: after death II's Phillip • Asia Invaded Minor Age 22: • Conquered Egypt Age 25: • Conquered the PersianAge 26: Empire _ G S E Alexander Asia invaded 334 in Minor In 359 great one of Athens’s and a lawyer was The Greekcity-states They were had been weak. divided R _ N crushed the Persian at the army battle of Granicus. This area located was northwestern what is today in Turkey. 40,000 soldiers.40,000 His 20 years old, but he had already years been20 old, battle in many times. His father the in Macedonian had put him army serving he was when very he was By the 16, age of young. commander. a as Macedonians crushed Greece. the Greeks of at the Battle of most controlled now Philip Chaeronea. Over Takes Alexander Before could conquer Philip the Persian Empire, he was Alexander only was His sonkilled. Alexander took over. Philip II of Macedonia Macedonia a kingdom north was of Greece. The people raised sheep horses, and farmed. and they For much of its Macedonia had not beenhistory, a powerful country. NAME ______NAME ______DATE ______CLASS some to give up. Others up. some choice. their to give own by joined him the threatened Philip that warned He speakers. public freedom of the Greeks. He urged the all city-states to join together to fight the Macedonians. the By the Greeks time listened to Demosthenes,338 too In it was late. the Greek city-states and put them under rule. his Philip a strongbuilt and trained army them the to fight like Greeks. took control Philip bribed of the city- the Peloponnesian He by War. battle. in some defeated He one. by one states wanted to defeatwanted the Persian Empire. First he had to unite 122 122 T Greek Civilization 3 Lesson _ 4 2 1 - 1 2 1121-124_TN_RESG_MS_C10_L3_134047.indd 122 1121-124_TN_RESG_MS_C10_L3_134047.indd 123 2 1 - 1 2 4 _ T N _ R E S G

_ Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. M S _ C 1 0 Greek Civilization Greek 123 Lesson 3 AE______AE ______CLASS ______DATE______NAME ______L 3 _ 1 6. Reading 5. Marking 4.

3 Analyzing 4 0 4 7 Why was the Battle Why Battle was the kinds the Underline Why doyou think of Guagamela so so of Guagamela desert. the crossed they when soldiers experienced andhis Alexander of hardships Persians? the against battles in their successful so were armies andhis Alexander Alexander? to important . i n d Check the Text d

1 2 3 Alexander’s Empire, took over the rest of the Persian Empire. Persian ofthe overtook rest the army Alexander’s victory, River. this Tigris the near After Mesopotamia. He defeated Darius’s forces at year, that to world. Later ancient Guagamela, went northeast Alexander ofthe cities important himself. most oneofthe It became naming itafter ofAlexandria, city hebuilt the There Egypt. king,III, away. Darius hadtorun Persian in Syria. The 333 In rule. Persian under hadbeen that city-states Greek freed He died in Babylon. He was only 32 years health. Alexander’s had wrecked old. battles andall the journey they did. that he was willing and the same thirst pain that to suffer waterground. Heshowed the on his soldiers poured water, Alexander inahelmet. gave they Alexander itto some found soldiers When ofsoldiers. thousands killed water. little was very Iran. andthirst Heat There modern agreed to lead them home. bloody battles. His soldiers grew tired of war,marched so Alexander into northwestern India. They fought a number of Then Alexander went south. In 331 Minor. Asia across They continued forces Alexander’s Alexander arrived back in in Babylon 323 back arrived Alexander in whatis adesert crossed army way the the On there, did not stop. InAlexander 327 Army at Granicus. 334 331 atGaugamela. forces 331 331 flees. Darius and 333 rule. Persian Minor from in Asia 334 B . C B B B B B B . Alexander defeated the Persian army at Issus, army atIssus, Persian the defeated . Alexander ...... Continued C C C C C C . Alexander takes over Persian Empire. over takes Persian . Alexander Darius’s smashes army . Alexander’s Egypt. conquers . Alexander . Alexander defeats Persian Army at Issus atIssus Army Persian defeats . Alexander . Alexander’s cavalry crushes Persian Persian crushes cavalry . Alexander’s . Alexander’s army frees Greek city-states city-states Greek army frees . Alexander’s Defeating the Persian Empire Persian the Defeating B . C . heandhis army B . C netw rks netw . he conquered . heconquered B . C . The . The 99/18/13 10:24AM / 1 8 / 1 3

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. Alexander the . Label the top netw rks Military Leader Check what you rememberwhat you about Alexander the Great. Foldable along the cover to line dotted the Check for Understanding. On the anchor tab, write Great tab and the bottom tab Hellenistic Era the tabs to record Alexander’s empire after he died? why Alexanderwhy was called "Alexander the Great." Place a two-tab What happened to Give two reasonsGive

Explaining 9. Use both sides of 8. 7. Reading by Homer. Continued Iliad means “like the Greeks.” The means “like 4 2 1

d d n i Hellenistic . 7 4 0 Alexander’s Empire, Empire, Alexander’s 4 3 1 _ ., Alexandria the was ., largest city the in 3 C L . _ B 0 1 C _ S M _ G S Name two legacies that Alexander left behind. List two things Alexander did to try to unify the E By 100 By 100 After Alexander generals his died, foughteach with Alexander's accomplishments were the beginnings of the Alexander the wanted Macedonians, the Greeks, the A legacy is what a person leaves to other people when when people other to leaves person a what is legacy A When he died, Alexander When he died, the was most powerful ruler in R _ 4. 4. 1. 2. 3. Check Understanding for Greeks and Macedonians with the peoples they conquered.

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Egypt and as far east as India. Mediterranean Its world. library had the largest number of writings ancient in times. The Hellenistic many kings built other These cities, too. cities needed workers. many The kings Greeks asked to these and Macedonians to move cities. These colonists helped spread the Greek culture into It did not happen. not happen. did It separate four became It apart. fell empire The other. Pergamum, and Egypt, Macedonia, Hellenistic kingdoms: the . The kings often jobs to Greeks gave control to one way or Macedonians. was the government. It Hellenistic Era. Hellenistic Era when is the Greek time ideas spread to non- Greek people the all lands in Alexander had conquered. and theEgyptians, Persiansunder empire. unite to a single the Great. he or she dies. Alexander’s legacy a world was that knew about Greek culture. Wherever Alexander's army went, spreadthey the Greekart. and ideas, language, This is another reason he is called why Alexander the Great. Alexander’s Legacy Alexander’s AlexanderAlexander military a great was and brave leader. tried always Achilles. to copy hero, his to have is thought Achilles one of the was warriors the in the ancient That world. is one reason Alexander call him we NAME ______NAME ______DATE ______CLASS 124 124 T Lesson 3 3 Lesson Greek Civilization Glue Foldable here Foldable Glue _ 4 2 1 - 1 2 1121-124_TN_RESG_MS_C10_L3_134047.indd 124 1125-128_TN_RESG_MS_C10_L4_134047.indd 125 2 5 - 1 2 8 _ T N _ R E S G

_ Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. M S _ C 1 0 When did it happen? Greek Civilization Greek Lesson 4 125 AE______AE ______CLASS ______DATE______NAME ______3. How did Greece fall under Roman Roman under fall Greece did How 3. emerged discoveries and What ideas 2. during spread culture Greek did How 1. GUIDING QUESTIONS way live? people the How change donew ideas ESSENTIAL QUESTION this lesson, complete the last column. last the complete this lesson, you study. onwhatyou before know After based questions the column, answer In first the you know? do What _ L 300 300 4 _ in History You Here Are 291 dies playwright the 1 3 4 rule? during the Hellenistic Era? the Hellenistic Era? 0 4 7 B . i . B n C d . d . C

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1 2 5 o..Later... Now... Hellenistic Culture dies Epicurus 270 270 B . C . 263 263 Zeno dies Zeno the Romans? to fall Why Greeks did the culture?Greek What doyou about know B . C . 255 Alexandria at library of director becomes Eratosthenes 250 B . B C . three-dimensional space in solids and surfaces, angles, lines, ofpoints, relationships the shows that geometry solid or level flat are that offigures surfaces and angles, lines, of points, relationships the shows that geometry plane border ofthat measurement the circle; circumference emotion not and reason use should people that says which Stoicism and happiness find to is oflife purpose the that says which Epicureanism Know to Terms . C .200 the philosophy of the Stoics, Stoics, ofthe philosophy the the philosophy of Epicurus, ofEpicurus, philosophy the the outer border ofa border outer the 212 212 by Romans by killed branch of mathematics ofmathematics branch branch of mathematics ofmathematics branch B . C . netw rks netw B . C 99/18/13 10:24AM . / 1 8 / 1 3

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3 1 / 8 1 / 99/18/13 10:24 AM Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies. netw rks Check Details sculpture and drama change the during Era? Hellenistic Hellenistic kings spread Greek culture? How did Greek did How How did the did How Examining Reading 2. 1. Continued

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to stop Rome. Theyto stop supported Rome. enemies wars. in Rome’s The those all won Rome Romans Soon, wars, though. gained control of the Greek mainland. 200s Greece Rome and city- The Greek four kingdoms that formed from Alexander’s Some empire other. each against wars fought often states became strong independent, not have did but they armies. They were not free for very long. More years than 700 after the Hellenistic the Era, mathematician Alexandria. in lived the earlier Like Greeks, she studied and mathematics. philosophy She the use in believed of reason instead of superstition. catapult, machine that a war hurled rocks, arrows, and 212 In enemy. the spears at Syracuse. The catapults that it took so the worked well threeRomans years to capture Syracuse. Finally the massacred city They the inside got walls. mostRomans of the Archimedes. people, including Hellenistic Era. He worked on He worked Era. Hellenistic of mathematics concerned with the study of spheres [ball- He figured and cylinders shapes]. shapes] [tube-like like out the value of spacea circle covers. Its symbol is NAME ______NAME ______DATE ______CLASS 128 128 T Lesson 4 4 Lesson Greek Civilization Glue Foldable here Foldable Glue _ 8 2 1 - 5 2 1125-128_TN_RESG_MS_C10_L4_134047.indd 128