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POLISH AMERICAN JOURNAL • NOVEMBER 2012 www.polamjournal.com 1 NOVEMBER 2012 • VOL. 101, NO. 11 $2.00 PERIOdICAL POSTAGE PAId AT BOSTON, NEW YORK NEW BOSTON, AT PAId PERIOdICAL POSTAGE POLISH AMERICAN OFFICES ANd AddITIONAL ENTRY JOURNALESTABLISHED 1911 www.polamjournal.com ANdRZEJKI ANd OTHER NOVEMBER TRAdITIONS dEdICATEd TO THE PROMOTION ANd CONTINUANCE OF POLISH AMERICAN CULTURE PAGE 18 NEWSmarK Attention High School Students: Enter Our ... VETEraN’S day SChOlarShIP CONTEST ThE OldEST KNOWN SUrVIVOr of the Auschwitz Over $1000 in prizes! • SEE PAGE 7 FOR DETAILS concentration camp – a teacher who gave lessons in defi - ance of his native Poland’s Nazi occupiers – has died at the age of 108. Guest of Honor Russians deny Your Antoni Dobrowolski died Oct. 14 in the northwestern PHOTO: ZOSIA ZELESKA-BOBROWSKI Polish town of Debno. Misidentifying In defi ance of a German order, Dobrowolski was among Remains Wigilia the Poles engaged in the underground effort to teach young WARSAW — The body children Polish culture. The Germans considered the Poles Checklist of former Polish president-in- inferior beings, and the education policy was part of a plan by Robert Strybel exile Ryszard Kaczorowski to use Poles as a “slave race.” With Advent around was the latest to be exhumed He was arrested by the Gestapo and sent to Auschwitz the corner (December 2), after concerns his remains in June 1942. and families gathering for were wrongly identifi ed by “Auschwitz was worse than Dante’s hell,” he recalled in Thanksgiving, now is the time Russians following the April a video made when he was 103. to plan ahead for Wigilia, the 2010 Smolensk air disaster. At least 1.1 million people were killed by the Germans center of our Polish Christ- The exhumation followed the at the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp. Most of the victims were mas. Here are some things to discovery that the remains of discuss and plan for that will Jews, but many non-Jewish Poles, Roma and others were Anna Walentynowicz — who also killed there. make the upcoming more en- died along with Kaczorowski, riching and enjoyable. President Lech Kaczynski zalEWSKa NamEd CErN ChIEf. Professor Agnieszka and 93 others — was buried A t m o s p h e r e , Zalewska has become the fi rst Pole and fi rst woman ever in the wrong grave. mood, climate. elected to head the European Organization for Nuclear Re- POLISH PRESIdENT BRONISŁAW KOMOROWSKI meets Dr. Viktor Kolkutin, the Rather than mak- search (CERN), one of the world’s major atomic research 100-year-old Marta Eggerth at the Polish Consulate in New Russian doctor in charge of ing a fuss about centers. The outstanding physicist said she was looking York after awarding the widow of the renowned Polish ten- the identifi cations of victims, L buying, wrap- forward to the challenge, because “in the coming years or Jan Kiepura . said that his team’s work ping, hiding and we will be preparing the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to Komorowski met with leaders and representatives of the could not be held responsible. opening presents, set the work on higher energies.” Polish community following his September visit to United “I can only say that ab- proper mood by telling your The LHC, installed in the Alps beneath the Franco- Nations. He bestowed state decorations and honors to Pol- solutely everyone received kids about Wigilia, what they Swiss border, is the world’s largest high-energy accelerator ish natives living in the United States and Polish Americans what they identifi ed,” he told can expect and what part they which allows different scientifi c predictions to be tested. for contributions in the continuance of culture, the promo- the Polish edition of News- can play in the preparations. Zalewska beat out four other rivals vying for the presti- tion of Poland, including Eggerth. week. “What happened af- Above all, make it clear that gious international post. “He believed in Poland; he believed in Polish people; Po- ter the coffi ns departed from Christmas Eve is not just the land was not only in his mind, but Poland was in his heart” Moscow to Poland we do not day before the main event. POlISh SUrVIVOrS SOUGhT. The Consulate General – a tearful Eggerth said of her husband. Story on page 6. know,” he said. Wigilia is the main event! of the Republic of Poland in Chicago is in reaching out Wigilia lore. to Polish communities in the United States to locate Poles drought Reveals How you are on who were persecuted by the Nazis and their allies. The NA ZAdUSZKI Wigilia you will Consulate is assisting the United States Holocaust Memo- Swedish Plunder be the whole rial Museum in Washington, D.C. in its effort to increase WARSAW — A drought E year, is one pop- awareness of the suffering of Poles at the hands of the Ger- causing record low water The Ulmas of Markowa ular belief, Also man and Russian occupying powers. levels in Poland has revealed tell your kids the legend of Polish Catholic Survivors and their families are encour- large blocks of elaborately- animals being able to speak aged to share artifacts, documents, oral histories, fi lms, carved marble dating from and water in wells turning photographs, etc; and to offer this to the Museum’s Inter- the 17th century lying in the to wine at midnight. Such national Tracing Service collection. bottom of the Vistula River. stories may help pique your For more information contact Jaime J. Monllor, Inter- Archaeologists speculate that youngsters’ interest in and national Outreach Offi cer, (866) 998-7466 or visit www. the fi nd is part of what Swed- curiosity about this “magic ushmm.org/. ish invaders looted from Pol- Polish night.” Polish-language assistance is available from Konrad ish kings, loaded onto ships Zielinski, Vice Consul of the Consulate General in Chi- Gifts on Wi- for transport to Sweden, only gilia. Although cago, (312) 337 8166, ext. 218. to lose the treasure when the gifts and gad- ships sank. TaIWaN admITTEd TO VISa WaIVEr PrOGram. gets are not the Historians believe that the R true meaning The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced invading Swedes had intend- of Christmas, the addition of Taiwan to the Visa Waiver Program (VWP). ed to move the stolen cargo youngsters are big on pres- Taiwanese citizens will now be eligible to travel to the up the Vistula River to Gdan- ents, so let them know they United States for up to 90 days visa-free. sk, where the river meets the will get to open theirs right However, key U.S. allies and friends—such as Poland, Baltic Sea, and from there In 2004, the community of Markowa unveiled a monument after Christmas Eve supper. Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia—continue to be left wait- transport it home to Sweden. In families which do not ob- ing to join the VWP. in memory of the Ulma family. Józef Ulma, his wife Wikotria No one knows what and their children were murdered March 24, 1944 by Ger- serve Wigilia, kids have to In 2010, President Obama promised Polish President caused the sinking of boats en wait till the next day. Bronislaw Komorowski that Poland would be admitted. man police for hiding two Jewish families in their attic. The route. Although archeologists Jews also were slain. This year, a fund drive was started to Poland is the only member of the 25-country “Schengen were cognizant of the treasure Meatless meal. area” not able to travel to the United States without obtain- build the Ulma Family Memorial Museum of Poles Rescuing Whether you are located on the river bed, the Jews in Subcarpathia. ing a visa in advance. depth made retrieval a very preparing ev- erything from A senior DHS offi cial said that a key reason Poland was diffi cult endeavor. After the Polish Farm Family the civilian population con- scratch, using not admitted to the program was because its visa refusal drought however, the carved sisted of mass shootings, Paid the Ultimate Price outside sources or a combina- rate — the percentage of people rejected for tourism visas artifacts lay exposed. death in concentration camps, for Hiding Jews tion of both, it’s good to give because they are judged to be immigration violation risks Leading the project of re- starvation in ghettos, street this some thought well in ad- — had not fallen below 3 percent. trieving the artifacts is Hubert by Sophie Hodorowicz roundups, separation of fami- vance. The meatless supper Obama has expressed support for legislation called the Kowalski, Deputy Director Knab lies (sometimes forever), pri- centers on beet or mushroom Jolt Act, which would speed Poland’s admittance into the of the University of Warsaw The invasion of Poland vations and hunger in forced soup, herring, other fi sh, program, but Congress hasn’t passed the bill. Museum. He states that the by Germany on September labor camps, Polish children pierogi, sauerkraut, noodles, Obama’s 2010 promise came in a press conference with fi nd is the best evidence to 1, 1939 brought on one of the and infants torn from their and sweet dishes incorporat- Polish President Bronislaw Komorowski. date of the Swedish inva- ugliest chapters in human his- mother’s arms to be raised ing poppyseeds, honey, nuts “I am going to make this a priority,” Obama said, sitting sion. The stonework is being tory, a period that was fi lled as Germans, and entire vil- and raisins. Recipes are found alongside Komorowski. “And I want to solve this issue be- stored temporarily in a build- with an unprecedented level lages burnt to the ground.
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    Central Europe WEST GERMANY Foreign Policy and Reunification HE DEADLOCK over reunification remained complete. Moscow repeated in T numerous notes and through its East German satellites that the East and West German governments should get together and form a confederation, with which a peace treaty might later be concluded. Soviet Deputy Premier Anastas Mikoyan visited Bonn in April 1958 to sign a trade agreement, but had nothing new to offer. The Bonn government, for its part, insisted on free elections for an all-German government and rejected anything implying rec- ogition of the East German regime. Chancellor Konrad Adenauer also severed relations with Yugoslavia in October 1957 when the latter recognized the "Ger- man Democratic Republic." For the time being, the question of reunification was overshadowed by the controversy over atomic arms for the West German army and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces stationed on German soil. George Kennan's suggestion of a disengagement of the great powers from Germany, in his BBC lectures in the autumn of 1957, and Polish Foreign Minister Adam Rapacki's proposal for an atom-free zone in Europe were welcomed by a large part of public opinion as a basis for further discussion. But Chancellor Adenauer rejected the Rapacki plan unconditionally in January 1958. In March 1958 the Bundestag, after a tumultuous debate, em- powered the government to equip the Bundeswehr with tactical atomic weapons. Domestic Political Affairs After his victory in the Bundestag elections of September 1957 (see AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, 1957 [Vol. 58], p. 288), Chancellor Adenauer made some minor changes in his cabinet, so that it consisted of fourteen mem- bers of his Christian Democratic Union (CDU-CSU) and two of the small right-wing German Party (DP).
  • Der Reichsgau Wartheland in Den Jahren 1939–1945

    Der Reichsgau Wartheland in Den Jahren 1939–1945

    ACTA UNIVERSITATIS WRATISLAVIENSIS No 3840 Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 40, nr 2 Wrocław 2018 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.40.2.4 WOJCIECH WICHERT Oddziałowe Biuro Badań Historycznych IPN w Szczecinie ORCiD: 0000-0003-1335-592X „Exerzierplatz des Nationalsozialismus“ — der Reichsgau Wartheland in den Jahren 1939–1945 Kein anderes Land befand sich so lange unter der Besatzung des Dritten Reiches wie Polen. Polen war das erste Opfer der deutschen Aggression und hat als erstes Land unter großen Opfern zuerst bewaffneten Widerstand geleistet und später in den Jahren 1939–1945 beispiellose Personen-, Kultur- und Materialver- luste erlitten. Der deutsche Überfall auf Polen im September 1939, die Einstel- lung und die Verbrechen gegenüber Polen waren eine Form von Ausführung des antislawischen Rassismus. Die neueren Forschungen, insbesondere die, die seit den neunziger Jahren geführt wurden, offenbaren die tatsächliche Größe der ver- brecherischen Politik gegenüber den slawischen Völkern. Sie zeigen, wie sich der deutsche Nationalismus zum Rassismus entwickelt hat, das Ziel verfolgend die slawische Bevölkerung durch die nationalsozialistische Germanisierungspolitik aus ihrer Heimat zu vertreiben und sie durch die „höhere arische Rasse“ zu be- siedeln1. Diese Maßnahmen der Besatzung wurden in den schon vor dem Krieg ausgearbeiteten Generalplan Ost aufgenommen, in ein großangelegtes Kolonisie- rungs- und Germanisierungsprojekt der Gebiete in Ostmitteleuropa und in Ost- europa, das mit der Aussiedlung beziehungsweise mit der Eliminierung der hier niedergelassenen slawischen Bevölkerung verbunden war2. Vor allem aus dieser 1 A. Wolff-Powęska, Pamięć, brzemię i uwolnienie. Niemcy wobec nazistowskiej przeszłości (1945–2010) [Erinnerung — Last und Befreiung. Die Deutschen gegenüber die nationalsozialisti- schen Vergangenheit (1945–2010)], Poznań 2011, S.
  • Who Was John Paul II

    Who Was John Paul II

    Quick Facts Name: John Paul II Place of Birth: Wadowice, Poland Place of Death: Vatican City, Italy Birth Date: May 18, 1920 Death Date: April 2, 2005 Did You Know? Pope John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope in more than 400 years. Education, Krakow seminary, Jagiellonian University. AKA Pope John Paul II, John Paul II Originally: Karol Józef Wojtyla “As the family goes, so goes the nation, and so goes the whole world in which we live.”—John Paul II John Paul II Biography (1920–2005) Updated: Oct 15, 2019 Original: Apr 25, 2014 Pope John Paul II made history in 1978 by becoming the first non-Italian pope in more than 400 years. Who Was Pope John Paul II? Pope John Paul II was ordained in 1946, became the bishop of Ombi in 1958, and became the archbishop of Krakow in 1964. He was made a cardinal by Pope Paul VI in 1967, and in 1978 became the first non- Italian pope in more than 400 years. He was a vocal advocate for human rights and used his influence to effect political change. He died in Italy in 2005. It was announced in July 2013 that he would be declared a saint in April of the following year. Early Life Born Karol Józef Wojtyla on May 18, 1920, in Wadowice, Poland, Pope John Paul II's early life was marked by great loss. His mother died when he was nine years old, and his older brother Edmund died when he was 12. Growing up, John Paul was athletic and enjoyed skiing and swimming.