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Capital Gate, Abu Dhabi ctbuh.org/papers Title: Case Study: Capital Gate, Abu Dhabi Author: Jeff Schofield, Associate, RMJM Subjects: Architectural/Design Building Case Study Keywords: Core Design Process Façade Sustainability Publication Date: 2012 Original Publication: CTBUH Journal, 2012 Issue II Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter 2. Journal paper 3. Conference proceeding 4. Unpublished conference paper 5. Magazine article 6. Unpublished © Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Jeff Schofield CTBUH Journal International Journal on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Tall buildings: design, construction and operation | 2012 Issue II Capital Gate, Abu Dhabi Securing Iconic Structures Environmental Performance of the TTDI Developing Rotterdam’s Skyline Talking Tall: The Skyscraper Index Debating Tall: Is UNESCO Going Too Far? Tall Buildings in Numbers: Occupiable Telecommunication & Observation Towers Case Study: Capital Gate, Abu Dhabi “It is the first building in the world to use a pre-cambered core with a built-in lean of 350 millimeters that has been engineered to straighten with the addition of the upper floors. Jeff Schofield It is also the first building in the world to use Author Jeff Schofield, Associate vertical post-tensioning of the core to counter RMJM Floor 27, Monarch Office Tower movement and support stresses created by the PO Box 6126 Dubai UAE building’s overhang.” t: +971 4 702 7626 f: +971 4 329 6444 Throughout history, a strong link has existed between iconic architecture and exhibitions. e: [email protected] One of the best known examples is Paris’ Eiffel Tower, which was built as a visual symbol of the www.rmjm.com Exposition Universelle, World’s Fair of 1889. More recently, cities like Seville have used powerful and innovative architecture as a way to highlight the cultural significance of their Jeff Schofield Since moving to RMJM Dubai in 2005, Jeff Schofield exhibitions. has lent his design expertise to a variety of large scale building developments, including mixed use, The Concept aesthetic splendor and technical excellence to hospitality and high-rise projects. In 2005, the Abu Dhabi National Exhibitions celebrate human achievement and reflect the As an Associate at RMJM, Jeff leads the effort in dynamism of Abu Dhabi. Capital Gate is the providing sustainable solutions to all design projects in Company (ADNEC) was created to drive the office. He has developed a holistic approach to result. design that integrates sustainability, structure and forward the development of Abu Dhabi’s architectural expression with the built form, in order to events sector. Plans were created with RMJM The tower’s curvaceous shape draws strongly provide meaningful solutions for high-quality building designs. Jeff seeks to design in a contemporary yet to build a state-of-the-art exhibition center on the sea and desert – two elements that contextual manner, to create modern sustainable which would be the largest in the Gulf region have great resonance in Abu Dhabi. The buildings using the latest technology. and provide world class facilities for live events building’s form is meant to represent a Jeff currently lives and works in Dubai. He began his career in New York City and pursued his professional to flourish in Abu Dhabi. swirling spiral of sand, while the curved practice for more than 15 years in Paris, France. He has It was strongly felt that the entire canopy, known as the “splash,” which runs over project management and design experience on a the adjoining grandstand and rises on one range of high profile projects and has specific development required a signature tower, a experience in sustainable design and project side of the building, creates a wave-like effect, management of large-scale public projects throughout cutting-edge structure with a futuristic design, Europe, United States and the Middle East. 12 | Capital Gate, Abu Dhabi CTBUH Journal | 2012 Issue II reflecting the building’s proximity to the water • Four hundred and ninety foundation piles and the city’s sea-faring heritage. were driven 20 to 30 meters underground By integrating with the National Day to support the structure and counter Grandstand – one of Abu Dhabi’s most stresses. The piles, which were initially in historic structures – Capital Gate underscores compression during construction to the bond between the traditional and support the lower floors of the building, are modern that is characteristic of Abu Dhabi’s now in tension as the stresses caused by developmental approach. the overhang have been applied. • The vertical and horizontal cross-sections of the tower are all unique. First of its Kind • There is an asymmetric shape – no two There are several innovations within the rooms are the same (see Figure 2). Every project’s design, including the dramatic one of the 12,500 panes of glass on the 18-degree westward lean, which has earned it façade is a different size, although each the title of “world’s furthest leaning man- pane is triangular. made tower” from the Guinness book of world records (see Figure 1). It is the first building in • Floor plates change shape and orientation the world to use a pre-cambered core with a to create the distinctive “overhang” moving built-in lean of 350 millimeters that has from “curved triangular” to “curved been engineered to straighten rectangular,” while increasing in overall size with the addition of the upper and migrating from east to west as they floors. It is also the first building progress up the tower. in the world to use vertical • Capital Gate is one of the few buildings in post-tensioning of the core to the world that use a diagrid structure; it also counter movement and features two diagrid systems, an external support stresses created by the diagrid defining the tower’s shape and an building’s overhang. internal diagrid linked to the central core by The construction also adopted eight unique pin-jointed structural a variety of leading-edge members. approaches to create the • All 8,250 steel diagrid members are desired result: different thicknesses, length and orientation. Figure 1. Typical section © ADNEC Figure 2. Typical hotel floor plan © ADNEC CTBUH Journal | 2012 Issue II Capital Gate, Abu Dhabi | 13 • Each of the 822 diagrid nodes (702 external 3). The façade glazing emphasizes the organic and 120 internal nodes) is a different size elements with diagonals spiraling up along and angular configuration. the structural diagrid. This weaving pattern is Capital Gate forms the focal point of the Abu further broken down with individual panes of Dhabi National Exhibition Centre complex glass in a complex mesh wrapping the entire and the Capital Centre master development, a building. The sheer skin is interrupted only by connected group of 23 towers including two entrances on the ground floor, the branded hotels, commercial buildings, footbridge to the car park, and the terraces at residential and serviced apartment complexes the top of the “splash.” and developments for mixed use. These The potentially monumental scale of Capital facilities are built overlooking an urban Gate is tempered by this “splash” sun shading highway along the south-western shore of on the south façade. This metal mesh screen Abu Dhabi. Capital Gate dominates this at the lower half of the tower adds complexity waterfront site from its position at the western to the overall form as it highlights the different edge of the ADNEC complex, adjacent to the uses of the tower – offices in the lower half exhibition halls and connected to the historic and hotel in the upper half. National Day Grandstand. Architecture is about space making, and the The tower stands out on the skyline; it is architects sought to express the drama of slightly removed from ADNEC’s high-rise Capital Gate in its interior spaces. The hotel development on the eastern side of the site. arrival is at the top of the splash on the 18th Due to the location, views from Capital Gate floor, where visitors discover a panoramic are extensive in all directions. The preferred view of Abu Dhabi. The lobby lounge is a Figure 3. Capital Gate’s organic shape © Devita Villanueva views are out to sea and along the coastline. double-height space cantilevered beyond the Views towards the city are becoming more tower diagrid (see Figure 4), providing a is also expressed with a diagrid structure, impressive as Abu Dhabi grows around it. dramatic arrival for guests . The restaurant informing its organic shape. While vertical in Capital Gate cuts a strong profile against this located on this floor is also a dramatic proportion, the atrium is intimate in scale. emerging skyline. double-height space positioned where the Light filters down from the large skylight roof tower form leans at the steepest angle. above to create a serene environment. Architectural Expression Due to Capital Gate’s unique shape, the upper half of the tower widens to create an atrium at The Structure The ground-breaking form of Capital Gate is the hotel’s guest room floors (see Figure 5 and Capital Gate’s base structure is a vertical due not only to its lean, but also to its funnel 6). This space is perhaps the most surprising concrete core surrounded by a steel diagrid shape. It widens as it spirals upwards and discovery the visitor finds inside the building. describing the external form of the tower. outwards. This gesture creates the dramatic The atrium is funnel shaped and appears Steel beams span between the two, sculptural form which is expressed carved out of the solid form around it, supporting metal deck and concrete architecturally in a variety of ways (see Figure spiraling and leaning along with the tower. It Figure 4. Double-height lobby lounge © Devita Villanueva Figure 5.
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