City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide: Spanish Colonial Revival

Prepared for City of Anaheim Planning and Building Department Anaheim, CA

Prepared by Architectural Resources Group

July 15, 2019 Spanish Colonial Revival Chapter Overview

This Architectural Style Guide is a reference tool for owners and managers of historic Spanish Colonial Revival buildings. You can use this document to identify the features and materials that define your building’s historic character. In cases where you wish to make changes to your building, this guide will help you determine compatible features and materials. This guide supplements the Citywide Historic Preservation Plan (2010) by providing more detailed information specific to the preservation of Anaheim’s Spanish Colonial Revival properties. It should be noted that the information described herein is meant to provide general guidance regarding the appropriate treatment of Spanish Colonial Revival buildings. Owners should consult with the City on applicable planning and zoning requirements before making any changes to their historic Spanish Colonial Revival properties.

What’s Inside...

Historical Background...... 1 Character-Defining Features...... 2 Additional Examples of the Style...... 3 Roofs...... 4 Cladding and Foundations...... 5 Chimneys...... 6 Entrances...... 7 Doors...... 8 Windows, Awnings, and Window Screens...... 9 Decorative Elements...... 10 Lighting...... 11 Paint Color Schemes...... 12 Garages...... 13 Porte-Cochères and Wingwalls...... 14 Fences, Walls, and Gates...... 15 Additions and Accessory Dwelling Units...... 16 Spanish Colonial Revival Historical Background

The Spanish Colonial Revival style (1915-1940) gained widespread popularity throughout Southern California after the 1915 Panama-California Exposition in San Diego. The style was an attempt to create a “native” California architectural style that drew upon and romanticized the state’s colonial past.1 The popularity of the style coincided with Southern California’s population boom of the 1920s. The versatility of the style, allowing for builders and architects to construct buildings as simple or as lavish as money would permit, helped to further spread its popularity throughout the region. Its adaptability also lent its application to a variety of building types, including single- and multi-family residences, commercial properties, and institutional buildings. The Spanish Colonial Revival style remained popular through the 1930s, with later versions simpler in form and ornamentation. The Spanish Colonial Revival style is one of the most common historic architectural styles in Anaheim. While one-story, single-family residential examples are most prevalent in the city, more complex, two-story Spanish Colonial Revival buildings are also present. Most examples of the style are within the Anaheim Colony Historic District, which represents the original 1857 boundaries of the community.

701 N. Clementine Street

1 Virginia Savage McAlester, A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America’s Domestic Architecture (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013), 521-534.

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 1 Spanish Colonial Revival Character-Defining Features

• Complex massing and asymmetrical • Stucco wall cladding (See Page 5) façades • Arched window and door openings (See • Incorporation of patios, courtyards, Pages 8, 9) loggias, or covered porches and/or • Wood front doors (See Page 8) balconies (See Page 7) • Wood or steel windows (often multi- • Low-pitched cross- or side-gable roofs, light) (See Page 9) sometimes hipped or flat (See Page 4) • Decorative attic vents (See Page 10) • Clay tile roofing (See Page 4) • Use of secondary materials, including • Shallow coved, molded, or wood- wrought iron, wood, cast stone, terra bracketed eaves (See Page 4) cotta, and polychromatic tile (See Pages • Towers or turrets (See Page 7) 10, 11) • Porte-cochères (See Page 14) • Wingwalls (See Page 14)

Clay tile roofing Shallow coved eaves

Low-pitched gable Decorative attic roof with flat roof at vent the rear Stucco cladding Wingwall

One story (sometimes two stories) in height

Entrance stoop with side patio Multi-light wood windows

Arched window and door openings

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 2 Spanish Colonial Revival Additional Examples of the Style

One Story, Single Family

Cross-gable roof, recessed porch with patio Flat roof, entrance stoop Two Story, Single Family

Front- and side-gable roofs, courtyard entrance Flat roof, patio entrance

Multi-Family

Flat roof, recessed entrance (Anaheim) Cross-gable roof, recessed entrance (Los Angeles)

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 3 Spanish Colonial Revival Roofs

Common Roof Types

Side-gable Cross-gable Hipped Flat with parapet

Common Roof Features Clay tile coping

Parapet (stepped)

Shallow coved eaves

Decorative attic vent

Clay Tile Roofing Though some Spanish Colonial Revival houses may have asphalt shingle roofing, clay tile roofing is the dominant roofing material. Spanish or “S” clay tile • Interlocking • Typ. 13 1/4” long by 9 3/4” wide • Typ. Exposure: 10 1/4”

Mission clay tile • Overlapping • May be tapered or barrel/ tapered barrel straight in shape • Typ. 14” to 18” long, and approx. 8” in diameter • Typ. Exposure: 11” to 15”

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 4 Spanish Colonial Revival Cladding and Foundations

Cladding The majority of Spanish Colonial Revival houses are clad with stucco. Stucco was historically hand troweled (applied) and contained smaller particles (aggregate) of sand for a smoother appearance.

Historically appropriate stucco with different trowel patterns Stucco, sand/float finish

Stucco cladding should not be overly textured or have a very coarse sand aggregate. It also should not be overly smooth.

X X X Examples of inappropriate contemporary stucco textures

Foundations The foundation walls of Spanish Colonial Revival buildings are typically covered in stucco in the same texture as the rest of the exterior.

Examples of foundation walls, stuccoed to match the rest of the buildings’ exteriors.

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 5 Spanish Colonial Revival Chimneys

Chimneys Spanish Colonial Revival chimneys are typically clad in stucco and located on the front or side façades. Chimneys may be topped with a decorative tile hood.

Stuccoed chimney, side façade Stuccoed chimney, side façade Stuccoed chimney, front façade

Chimney Caps

Arched Clay tile hood hood Clay tile flue Rectangular vent

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 6 Spanish Colonial Revival Entrances

Common Entrance Types

Tower

Projecting partial-width porch Tower entry with patio

Entrance stoop with patio Entrance courtyard (open area surrounded by a tall wall)

Recessed arched entrance Entrance within arcade (series of arches)

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 7 Spanish Colonial Revival Doors

Common Door Types Spanish Colonial Revival Arched door features: opening with decorative • Made of wood surround • Sometimes partially (quoins) or fully glazed • Decorative metal Arched glass hardware (typically with metal iron) grille • May have paneling • May be within Decorative arched openings metal and have decorative hardware surrounds Paneling

Arched glass Fully glazed Paneling with metal Elaborate grille metal hardware Simple wood (typically iron) screen door Arched opening

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 8 Spanish Colonial Revival Windows, Awnings, and Window Screens

Common Window Types Spanish Colonial Revival Arched window features: openings • Often made of wood, but sometimes made of steel • Casement is most Muntins common, often (which create paired or combined divided with fixed lights) • May be within arched openings Tripartite window Fixed arched window with decorative (two casement windows with larger fixed surrounds center window)

Transom

Paired casement One-over-one (single- Fixed single-light window with windows with divided light) double-hung multi-light transom (transom may lights window be fixed or operable)

Awnings and Window Screens

Metal Metal spear spear supports supports Metal window Clay tile screens hood Awnings may be made of fabric and have metal spear supports. Windows may also have clay tile or stucco hoods. Window screens may be wood or metal painted to match window trim. City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 9 Spanish Colonial Revival Decorative Elements

Common Decorative Elements

Decorative vigas (exposed Clay tile roof beams) vents

Decorative attic vents

Wrought iron details at windows Wrought iron balcony

Cartouche (decorative shield) Keystone Polychromatic (multi-colored) tile accents Molded ornamental details

Ornamental “punched” wall openings

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 10 Spanish Colonial Revival Decorative Elements and Lighting

Common Decorative Elements (Continued)

Turned wood Painted spindles quoins (slightly raised from surrounding surface)

Decorative window and door surrounds

Small arched cutouts Arched niche

Exterior Lighting Spanish Colonial Revival light fixtures vary in scale, are made of wrought iron or other dark metal, and may feature elaborate ornamentation.

Hanging light fixture in Wall-mounted light fixture Light fixture hanging from arched entrance next to front door projection at patio entry

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 11 Spanish Colonial Revival Paint Color Schemes

Spanish Colonial Revival houses usually have simple color schemes, painted with just two colors. The cladding is typically a lighter, neutral color, with a darker contrasting trim/accent color.

Cladding color

Trim/accent color

200 N. Helena Street

**Please visit the Anaheim Heritage Center for more information on style-appropriate paint color schemes. Contact (714) 765-6453 to schedule an appointment.**

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 12 Spanish Colonial Revival Garages

Garage Design and Location Garages associated with Spanish Colonial Revival houses often retain some elements of the style, including clay tile roofing and stucco cladding. The garages are detached and primarily located at the rear of the property. Garages are typically accessed by a concrete ribbon driveway (see below). The space between the concrete ribbons may be planted with grass or filled with another type of water permeable material such as gravel or decomposed granite.

Historic garage accessed by a concrete ribbon driveway

Garage Doors The garage doors of Spanish Colonial Revival houses were paired wood doors, often with cross- bracing or panels. Doors may be unglazed or partially glazed and are typically hinged with iron hardware.

Iron straps Paneling Glazing Paired hinged garage doors made of wood and painted

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 13 Spanish Colonial Revival Porte-Cochères and Wingwalls

Porte-Cochères Many Spanish Colonial Revival houses have porte-cochères, an extended wall along the primary façade with an arched opening that spans the driveway. Porte-cochères that did not exist historically should not be added.

Porte-cochères, wood gates Porte-cochère, no gate

Wingwalls Spanish Colonial Revival houses often have wingwalls, a small wall with an arched opening that extends from the primary façade, typically opposite the side where the driveway is located. Wingwalls that did not exist historically should not be added.

Wingwall, wrought iron gate Wingwall, wood gate Wingwall, no gate

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 14 Spanish Colonial Revival Fences, Walls, and Gates

Fences and Walls Spanish Colonial Revival houses did not typically have front yard fences or walls, and fences/walls are generally discouraged. However, if a fence is necessary and/or desired, it should be a dark stained or painted wood, and walls must be stuccoed. A style-appropriate dark iron fence may also be acceptable. Other fence/wall materials are not appropriate/recommended. Front yard fences/walls should be kept low and should not obscure visibility of the house. Stucco should match the color and texture of the house.

Front fence, stained wood Low stuccoed perimeter wall Iron fence at side yard

Gates Spanish Colonial Revival houses did not usually have gates. However, if a porte-cochère, driveway, or side gate is necessary and/or desired, it should be wood, either painted or stained, and match any existing (historically compatible) fencing that is visible on the property. Style-appropriate dark iron gates may also be acceptable.

Porte-cochère gate, stained wood Driveway gate, painted wood Porte-cochère gate, dark iron

Patio gate, dark iron Side yard gate, painted wood Side yard gate, stained wood

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 15 Spanish Colonial Revival Additions and Accessory Dwelling Units

Additions and Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) (either attached or detached) should be placed near the rear of the property to minimize their overall visual impact on the building from the public right-of-way (sidewalk/street). New additions or related new construction should be differentiated from the original, but compatible with the historic size, scale, proportion, features, and materials of the house.

Additions

Example of a historically compatible rear addition. The addition (circled) is minimally visible from the primary façade (left photo) and is compatible with the historic house.

Accessory Dwelling Units If an existing historic garage is being converted into an ADU, the garage should: • Retain its overall massing and design features. • The garage façade that is visible from the public right-of-way should retain the original appearance of its intended use. • Original or historically compatible garage doors should be kept in place, with new entrances added at the side façade, not visible from the public right-of-way.

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 16 Contact Information Anaheim Planning and Building Department 200 S. Anaheim Blvd., Suite 162 Anaheim, CA 92805 www.Anaheim.net/HistoricPreservation

Christine Nguyen, Associate Planner Jose Barriga, Planner [email protected] [email protected] (714) 765-4942 (714) 765-5422

City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 17