Architectural Style Guide: Spanish Colonial Revival
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City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide: Spanish Colonial Revival Prepared for City of Anaheim Planning and Building Department Anaheim, CA Prepared by Architectural Resources Group July 15, 2019 Spanish Colonial Revival Chapter Overview This Architectural Style Guide is a reference tool for owners and managers of historic Spanish Colonial Revival buildings. You can use this document to identify the features and materials that define your building’s historic character. In cases where you wish to make changes to your building, this guide will help you determine compatible features and materials. This guide supplements the Citywide Historic Preservation Plan (2010) by providing more detailed information specific to the preservation of Anaheim’s Spanish Colonial Revival properties. It should be noted that the information described herein is meant to provide general guidance regarding the appropriate treatment of Spanish Colonial Revival buildings. Owners should consult with the City on applicable planning and zoning requirements before making any changes to their historic Spanish Colonial Revival properties. What’s Inside... Historical Background.........................................................................................................................1 Character-Defining Features..............................................................................................................2 Additional Examples of the Style......................................................................................................3 Roofs......................................................................................................................................................4 Cladding and Foundations..................................................................................................................5 Chimneys...............................................................................................................................................6 Entrances.............................................................................................................................................7 Doors......................................................................................................................................................8 Windows, Awnings, and Window Screens.....................................................................................9 Decorative Elements.........................................................................................................................10 Lighting....................................................................................................................................11 Paint Color Schemes.........................................................................................................................12 Garages................................................................................................................................................13 Porte-Cochères and Wingwalls.......................................................................................................14 Fences, Walls, and Gates..................................................................................................................15 Additions and Accessory Dwelling Units........................................................................................16 Spanish Colonial Revival Historical Background The Spanish Colonial Revival style (1915-1940) gained widespread popularity throughout Southern California after the 1915 Panama-California Exposition in San Diego. The style was an attempt to create a “native” California architectural style that drew upon and romanticized the state’s colonial past.1 The popularity of the style coincided with Southern California’s population boom of the 1920s. The versatility of the style, allowing for builders and architects to construct buildings as simple or as lavish as money would permit, helped to further spread its popularity throughout the region. Its adaptability also lent its application to a variety of building types, including single- and multi-family residences, commercial properties, and institutional buildings. The Spanish Colonial Revival style remained popular through the 1930s, with later versions simpler in form and ornamentation. The Spanish Colonial Revival style is one of the most common historic architectural styles in Anaheim. While one-story, single-family residential examples are most prevalent in the city, more complex, two-story Spanish Colonial Revival buildings are also present. Most examples of the style are within the Anaheim Colony Historic District, which represents the original 1857 boundaries of the community. 701 N. Clementine Street 1 Virginia Savage McAlester, A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America’s Domestic Architecture (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013), 521-534. City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 1 Spanish Colonial Revival Character-Defining Features • Complex massing and asymmetrical • Stucco wall cladding (See Page 5) façades • Arched window and door openings (See • Incorporation of patios, courtyards, Pages 8, 9) loggias, or covered porches and/or • Wood front doors (See Page 8) balconies (See Page 7) • Wood or steel windows (often multi- • Low-pitched cross- or side-gable roofs, light) (See Page 9) sometimes hipped or flat (See Page 4) • Decorative attic vents (See Page 10) • Clay tile roofing (See Page 4) • Use of secondary materials, including • Shallow coved, molded, or wood- wrought iron, wood, cast stone, terra bracketed eaves (See Page 4) cotta, and polychromatic tile (See Pages • Towers or turrets (See Page 7) 10, 11) • Porte-cochères (See Page 14) • Wingwalls (See Page 14) Clay tile roofing Shallow coved eaves Low-pitched gable Decorative attic roof with flat roof at vent the rear Stucco cladding Wingwall One story (sometimes two stories) in height Entrance stoop with side patio Multi-light wood windows Arched window and door openings City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 2 Spanish Colonial Revival Additional Examples of the Style One Story, Single Family Cross-gable roof, recessed porch with patio Flat roof, entrance stoop Two Story, Single Family Front- and side-gable roofs, courtyard entrance Flat roof, patio entrance Multi-Family Flat roof, recessed entrance (Anaheim) Cross-gable roof, recessed entrance (Los Angeles) City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 3 Spanish Colonial Revival Roofs Common Roof Types Side-gable Cross-gable Hipped Flat with parapet Common Roof Features Clay tile coping Parapet (stepped) Shallow coved eaves Decorative attic vent Clay Tile Roofing Though some Spanish Colonial Revival houses may have asphalt shingle roofing, clay tile roofing is the dominant roofing material. Spanish or “S” clay tile • Interlocking • Typ. 13 1/4” long by 9 3/4” wide • Typ. Exposure: 10 1/4” Mission clay tile • Overlapping • May be tapered or barrel/ tapered barrel straight in shape • Typ. 14” to 18” long, and approx. 8” in diameter • Typ. Exposure: 11” to 15” City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 4 Spanish Colonial Revival Cladding and Foundations Cladding The majority of Spanish Colonial Revival houses are clad with stucco. Stucco was historically hand troweled (applied) and contained smaller particles (aggregate) of sand for a smoother appearance. Historically appropriate stucco with different trowel patterns Stucco, sand/float finish Stucco cladding should not be overly textured or have a very coarse sand aggregate. It also should not be overly smooth. X X X Examples of inappropriate contemporary stucco textures Foundations The foundation walls of Spanish Colonial Revival buildings are typically covered in stucco in the same texture as the rest of the exterior. Examples of foundation walls, stuccoed to match the rest of the buildings’ exteriors. City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 5 Spanish Colonial Revival Chimneys Chimneys Spanish Colonial Revival chimneys are typically clad in stucco and located on the front or side façades. Chimneys may be topped with a decorative tile hood. Stuccoed chimney, side façade Stuccoed chimney, side façade Stuccoed chimney, front façade Chimney Caps Arched Clay tile hood hood Clay tile flue Rectangular vent City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 6 Spanish Colonial Revival Entrances Common Entrance Types Tower Projecting partial-width porch Tower entry with patio Entrance stoop with patio Entrance courtyard (open area surrounded by a tall wall) Recessed arched entrance Entrance within arcade (series of arches) City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 7 Spanish Colonial Revival Doors Common Door Types Spanish Colonial Revival Arched door features: opening with decorative • Made of wood surround • Sometimes partially (quoins) or fully glazed • Decorative metal Arched glass hardware (typically with metal iron) grille • May have paneling • May be within Decorative arched openings metal and have decorative hardware surrounds Paneling Arched glass Fully glazed Paneling with metal Elaborate grille metal hardware Simple wood (typically iron) screen door Arched opening City of Anaheim Architectural Style Guide I 8 Spanish Colonial Revival Windows, Awnings, and Window Screens Common Window Types Spanish Colonial Revival Arched window features: openings • Often made of wood, but sometimes made of steel • Casement is most Muntins common, often (which create paired or combined divided with fixed lights)