DOCSLIB.ORG

17 La Rochelle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
17 La Rochelle LIEU DE VIE, LIEU D’HARMONIE LAROCHELLE, UNEPOURVILLE ÀVIVREVIVRE ET LE CHARME LE DEL’ANCIEN, LA FONCTIONNALITÉLA DUCONTEMPORAIN Hier capitale de l’Aunis, ancienne capitale deHier l’Aunis, province française, La Rochelle est aujourd’hui celle de la dela celle aujourd’hui est RochelleLa française, Charente-Maritime. Cité millénaire riche d’histoire maisrésolument d’histoire riche millénaire Cité tournée vers l’avenir, elle se blottit aucœur dela blottit se elle l’avenir, tournéevers façade atlantique. Elle y profite d’unexceptionnel,un climatdes profite y Elle plus ensoleillés del’Hexagone. ensoleillés plus Elle a su protégerasonremarquable su Elle patrimoine naturel et architectural tout en se développantense tout architectural et naturel demanière harmonieuse.innovante et A l’orée du XXI° siècle, elle est ainsi une ville une ville ainsi est elle siècle, du AXXI° l’orée moderne et paisible, belle et vivante. vivante. et belle moderne paisible, et C’est aussi une agglomération à taille humaine,une agglomération aussi C’est taille à accueillante, agréable à vivre en toute saison et et saison entoute agréable vivre àaccueillante, où la culture tient unegrande place.tient culture oùla TASDON, UNQUARTIER NATURE ENTREET VILLE TOUTES LES COMMODITÉSTOUTES LES VILLE,DELA LA NATURELA ENPLUS À vingt minutes à pied dupiedde Rochelle,centreàminutesLa Àvingt du Vieux ou Port encore de plage la des M inimes, Tasdon est un quartier tranquille, avec tranquille, unMinimes,Tasdonquartier est des rues ouvertes, desbâtiments ouvertes, peudes rueset élevés de nombreux etservices commerces de proximité : médecins, pharmacies, boulangeries,proximité : artisans, restaurants, poste, centre commercial…centre poste, restaurants, artisans, et même et mamarchéun hebdomadaire. En limite de cet espacedeancienuncetmarais urbain, limite En salant salant a été transformé en réserve de biodiversité. biodiversité. Poumon de nature dede plus il 18hectares, abrite unabrite patrimoine écologique de grande valeur, tant du point defaunevueduque pointde la tant de valeur, la flore. la Il accueille notammentIl espèces plusieurs d’oiseaux migrateurs, dont certains y séjournent y dontcertains d’oiseauxmigrateurs, tout l’hiver. tout CONFORTCADREET DEVIE, PLUSQU’UNE RÉSIDENCE, UN “CHEZ-SOI” Notre architecte a conçu Résidence la de l’Aunis commel’Aunis un de et lieu vie douillet chaleureux.Vous apprécierez particulièrement les larges baies vitrées qui laissent entrer la la entrer laissent qui baies vitrées larges les lumière, les grands balcons où il fera bon dîner àbon dîner fera grandsbalcons oùil les lumière, la belle saison, les jardins enrez-de-chaussée où jardins les saison, belle la les plus jeunes s’amuseront sans risque, la réserve réserve la s’amuserontrisque, jeunessans plus les naturelle deTasdon vouscharmera quinatunaturelle sonpar aspectdesmois…changeant aufil La Résidence de l’Aunis vous offre 26 logements26 vousoffre RésidenceLa del’Aunis allant du T2 au T4. Vousdedisposezgarages au duT4. T2 et allant d’un parking sécurisé avec portail électrique à électrique avec d’unparkingsécurisé portail télécommande.planchesQuant àvélos, àvos voiles et autres skate-boards, ils ont aussi leurs leurs aussi ont ils skate-boards, autres et voiles placesréservées… CALMETRANQUILLITÉ,ET PRÈS DE TOUT VOTRERÉSIDENCE DEL’AUNISEST : Àquelques minutes àd’unepiedposte,de la boulangerie,ducentre commercial, ded’un arrêt bus… Àminutes15 àminutespied25côte,de du la centre historique deRochelleLa historique Àminutes20 àpiedgarede de la RochelleLa Àmoins deminutes20 deenl’aéroport voiture international deRochelle-LaleuLa international LAROCHELLE EST : À 2 heuresÀ2 deenBordeaux voiture ouNantes À 3 heuresÀ3 deTGV deParis .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Determining the Classification of Vine Varieties Has Become Difficult to Understand Because of the Large Whereas Article 31
    31 . 12 . 81 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 381 / 1 I (Acts whose publication is obligatory) COMMISSION REGULATION ( EEC) No 3800/81 of 16 December 1981 determining the classification of vine varieties THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Whereas Commission Regulation ( EEC) No 2005/ 70 ( 4), as last amended by Regulation ( EEC) No 591 /80 ( 5), sets out the classification of vine varieties ; Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, Whereas the classification of vine varieties should be substantially altered for a large number of administrative units, on the basis of experience and of studies concerning suitability for cultivation; . Having regard to Council Regulation ( EEC) No 337/79 of 5 February 1979 on the common organization of the Whereas the provisions of Regulation ( EEC) market in wine C1), as last amended by Regulation No 2005/70 have been amended several times since its ( EEC) No 3577/81 ( 2), and in particular Article 31 ( 4) thereof, adoption ; whereas the wording of the said Regulation has become difficult to understand because of the large number of amendments ; whereas account must be taken of the consolidation of Regulations ( EEC) No Whereas Article 31 of Regulation ( EEC) No 337/79 816/70 ( 6) and ( EEC) No 1388/70 ( 7) in Regulations provides for the classification of vine varieties approved ( EEC) No 337/79 and ( EEC) No 347/79 ; whereas, in for cultivation in the Community ; whereas those vine view of this situation, Regulation ( EEC) No 2005/70 varieties
    [Show full text]
  • Archives De La Guerre Et De L'armée De Terre
    Listes des documents d'archives conservés par le Service historique de la Défense (SHD), numérisés et consultables sans réservation, sur les postes informatiques de la salle des références (SHD - château de Vincennes - pavillon du Roi) Archives de la Guerre et de l'armée de Terre Correspondances de la Guerre, Ancien Régime (série GR A) Intitulés Cotes Observations Côtes de Flandre, d'Artois, de Picardie, de Normandie, de Bretagne, de Poitou, GR 1 A 3533 d'Aunis, de Saintonge, de Guyenne, de Languedoc et de Provence (mai-juin 1759) Côtes de Flandre, d'Artois, de Picardie, de Normandie, de Bretagne, de Poitou, GR 1 A 3534 d'Aunis, de Saintonge, de Guyenne, de Languedoc et de Provence (juillet 1759) Côtes de Flandre, d'Artois, de Picardie, de Normandie, de Bretagne, de Poitou, GR 1 A 3535 d'Aunis, de Saintonge, de Guyenne, de Languedoc et de Provence (aout 1759) Côtes de Flandre, d'Artois, de Picardie, de Normandie, de Bretagne, de Poitou, GR 1 A 3536 d'Aunis, de Saintonge, de Guyenne, de Languedoc et de Provence (septembre 1759) Côtes de Flandre, d'Artois, de Picardie, de Normandie, de Bretagne, de Poitou, GR 1 A 3537 d'Aunis, de Saintonge, de Guyenne, de Languedoc et de Provence (octobre 1759) Hôtel des Invalides (série GR XY) Les registres des Invalides sont également en cours de retranscription sur le site Intitulés Cotes internet www.hoteldes invalides.org Registres de réception des officiers, bas-officiers et soldats GR 2 XY 12, 25, 27 à 37, 47 06/05/1694- 26/12 1697 Registres de réception des officiers, bas-officiers et soldats GR
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1: Introduction
    AN ANALYSIS OF THE 1875-1877 SCARLET FEVER EPIDEMIC OF CAPE BRETON ISLAND, NOVA SCOTIA ___________________________________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia ___________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy ___________________________________________________________ by JOSEPH MACLEAN PARISH Dr. Lisa Sattenspiel, Dissertation Supervisor DECEMBER 2004 © Copyright by Joseph MacLean Parish 2004 All Rights Reserved Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the people of Cape Breton and in particular the people of Chéticamp, both past and present. Your enduring spirits, your pioneering efforts and your selfless approach to life stand out amongst all peoples. Without these qualities in you and your ancestors, none of this would have been possible. Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my fiancée Demmarest who has been a constant source of support throughout the process of creating this dissertation and endured my stress with me every step of the way. I will never forget your patience and selflessness. My mother Ginny was a steady source of encouragement and strength since my arrival in Missouri so shortly after the passing of my father. Your love knows no bounds mom. I would also like to thank my close friends who have believed in me throughout my entire academic “career” and supported my choices including, in no particular order, Mickey ‘G’, Alexis Dolphin, Rhonda Bathurst, Michael Pierce, Jason Organ and Ahmed Abu-Dalou. I owe special thanks to my aunt and uncle, Muriel and Earl “Curly” Gray of Sydney, Nova Scotia, and my cousins Wallace, Carole, Crystal and Michelle AuCoin and Auguste Deveaux of Chéticamp, Nova Scotia for being my gracious hosts numerous times throughout the years of my research.
    [Show full text]
  • Hele on Blum, 'Ghost Brothers: Adoption of a French Tribe by Bereaved Native America: a Transdisciplinary Longitudinal Multilevel Integrated Analysis'
    H-Canada Hele on Blum, 'Ghost Brothers: Adoption of a French Tribe by Bereaved Native America: A Transdisciplinary Longitudinal Multilevel Integrated Analysis' Review published on Monday, February 22, 2010 Rony Blum. Ghost Brothers: Adoption of a French Tribe by Bereaved Native America: A Transdisciplinary Longitudinal Multilevel Integrated Analysis. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005. 464 pp. $80.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-7735-2828-4. Reviewed by Karl S. Hele (First Nations Studies Program, University of Western Ontario) Published on H-Canada (February, 2010) Commissioned by Stephanie Bangarth Toward an Understanding of Cultures in Contact Readers will be impressed by the depth of knowledge and research undertaken by Rony Blum. Her meticulous research supports a subtle discussion of how the French (read Normans and Bretons) colonized and survived in Native America in the seventeenth century. Beginning with the establishment of Quebec and largely concluding by the 1680s, Blum’s arguments convincingly demonstrate how early settlers were indigenized through contact with a variety of First Nations, particularly the Innu (Montagnais), Wendat (Huron), and Haudenosaunne (5 Nations Iroquois). Other First Nations, such as the pays d’en haut groups and the Mi’kmaq, serve as examples to broaden the discussion but only as outliers of the main cultural exchange. Blum’s examination centers on key areas of cultural similarity and difference, such as subsistence, gender roles, law, politics, and French adaptation to the new environment. Blum’s narrative is based on a concept of twinning, with each chapter returning to this metaphorical construction. This idea is drawn from twin narratives in Aboriginal myths.
    [Show full text]
  • A Patois of Saintonge: Descriptive Analysis of an Idiolect and Assessment of Present State of Saintongeais
    70-13,996 CHIDAINE, John Gabriel, 1922- A PATOIS OF SAINTONGE: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF AN IDIOLECT AND ASSESSMENT OF PRESENT STATE OF SAINTONGEAIS. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1969 Language and Literature, linguistics University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan •3 COPYRIGHT BY JOHN GABRIEL CHIDAINE 1970 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED A PATOIS OF SAINTONGE : DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF AN IDIOLECT AND ASSESSMENT OF PRESENT STATE OF SAINTONGEAIS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By John Gabriel Chidaine, B.A., M.A. ****** The Ohio State University 1969 Approved by Depart w .. w PLEASE NOTE: Not original copy. Some pages have indistinct print. Filmed as received. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS PREFACE The number of studies which have been undertaken with regard to the southwestern dialects of the langue d'oi'l area is astonishingly small. Most deal with diachronic considerations. As for the dialect of Saintonge only a few articles are available. This whole area, which until a few generations ago contained a variety of apparently closely related patois or dialects— such as Aunisian, Saintongeais, and others in Lower Poitou— , is today for the most part devoid of them. All traces of a local speech have now’ disappeared from Aunis. And in Saintonge, patois speakers are very limited as to their number even in the most remote villages. The present study consists of three distinct and unequal phases: one pertaining to the discovering and gethering of an adequate sample of Saintongeais patois, as it is spoken today* another presenting a synchronic analysis of its most pertinent features; and, finally, one attempting to interpret the results of this analysis in the light of time and area dimensions.
    [Show full text]
  • Havana Wine List
    wine Havana’s Wine List - Winner of Wine Spectator’s “Best of Award of Excellence” 2004-2020 (Only one of three restaurants in Maine with this award!) WHITE WINES for the Summer of 2021 FEATURED WHITE WINES BY THE GLASS glass bottle WHITES Chardonnay Catena - Mendoza, Vista Flores Vnyrd, Argentina ‘17 $9.95 $39 A great California style Chardonnay . but from Argentina Terrien - Sonoma Valley 2013 $13.95 $52 ... yes, 8 year old Cali chard - high acid, perfect balance, Meursault like in many ways Viognier/Marsanne D’Arenberg, The Hermit Crab” - Australia 2018 $10.95 $42 Lobster - perfect. Other seafood - perfect too Riesling Loosen Brothers, “Dr. L.” - Mosel, Germany 2020 $10.95 $42 Kabinett level, which is dry, crisp and delicious Sauvignon Blanc Joel Gott - California 2019 $9.95 $39 Focused is the word, along with bright. Classic Sauv. Blanc Rhone Blend Tablas Creek, “Patelin” - Central Coast, Cali. 2018 $13.95 $52 Pear, white peach, medium to full bodied, a delicious wine ROSÉ Bieler, “Sabine”, Pere et Fils - Provence 2020 $9.95 $39 SPARKLERS Cava - Mas fi, Brut Nature - Spain NV $8.95 $39 All served in 3.5 oz. pours Rose Cava - Miquel Pons, Brut Nature - Spain 2018 $9.95 $45 Moscato d’Asti - Maragliano, “La Caliera” - Italy 2018 half btl. $8.95 $29 Wild Blueberry - Bluet, Brut - Maine 2017 $8.95 $39 A fantastic, super-dry Maine sparkler SAMPLE ANY 3 WHITE OR RED WINES - $12.95 - 2 OZ. OF EACH Maine State law allows you to take your partially finished bottle of wine home with you! Signifies a wine grown and made biodynamically Signifies a wine grown and made organically Signifies a wine grown and made naturally In this case the grapes were usually grown either organically or biodynamically but the wine is usually fermented using naturally occurring wild yeast, and usually unfiltered with no additives whatsoever.
    [Show full text]
  • An Anthropometric History of Early-Modern France
    Komlos, John; Hau, Michel und Bourginat, Nicolas: An Anthropometric History of Early-Modern France Munich Discussion Paper No. 2003-10 Department of Economics University of Munich Volkswirtschaftliche Fakultät Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Online at https://doi.org/10.5282/ubm/epub.54 The Anthropometric History of Early-Modern France John Komlos, University of Munich In collaboration with Michel Hau and Nicolas Bourguinat, University of Strasbourg French scholars have been in the forefront of anthropometric research ever since Count de Montbeillard recorded his son’s height profile between 1759 and 1777.1 Similarly, Louis René Villermé was the first statistician of public health in the early 19th century, who noted that the height of a population correlated positively with the productivity of the soil: „physical stature is greater, and men grow faster, the wealthier is the country; in other words, misery produces short people, and delays the achievement of final height.“2 In our own time, Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, carried on the tradition by being the first historian to examine systematically the geographic variation and the socio-economic correlates of human height in 19th century France. In a series of publications beginning in 1969 he showed, that the physical stature of recruits born in the late 1840s correlated positively with their education and wealth. Illiterates averaged 164.3 cm, while those able to read and write were 1.2 cm taller. Presumably literate men came from wealthier families, and spent more time at education and less at work than did illiterates.3 Although after a hiatus of some two decades considerable research on French 19th century heights continued in the 1990s,4 the anthropometric history of France of the Ancien Régime remains completely uncharted territory.
    [Show full text]
  • WINE LIST We Are Strong Supporters of “Nudity in Wine”
    8 0-96 -911 48 2 CAFFE BOA THE ORIGINAL EST 1994 WINE LIST We are Strong Supporters of “Nudity in Wine” Naked wine paired with naked food. With almost 200 allowed additives that are legally permitted in wine, we choose to feature wines that complement our food: wines with the least possible use of chemicals, additives and overly technological procedures. Enjoy with confidence! We pay attention to every single detail when it comes to our wines, from the accuracy of the information provided to you in this book, all the way to how we store and serve it to you. We are extremely passionate about every bottle listed and want you to be too! S STOP 2 BY THE GLASS and more fun sizes... BUBBLES Coupe / Bottle Cava, Bobal Brut Nature Classic (Catalonia, Spain) N 8 48 WHITE WINES Glass Half Full Tajut 6oz 12oz btl 3oz Riesling, Weingut Brand Trocken (Pfalz, Germany) 2018 1 Liter 10 20 60 5 Chardonnay, Hohnjec BioEstate (Zagorje, Croatia) 2018 10 20 40 5 Sauvignon Blanc/Semillion, Jean Marc Barthez (Bordeaux, France) 2019 10 20 40 5 Pinot Grigio, Artisan's Cellar (Sonoma, California) NV 11 22 44 5.5 Sauvignon Blanc/Chenin Blanc, Les Tètes Tete Blanche (Loire, France) NV 11 22 44 5.5 Rosé, Saint-Pourcain (Loire Valley, France) 2019 12 24 48 6 Chardonnay, Oeno (Russian River, California) 2018 14 28 56 7 RED WINES Glass Half Full Tajut 6oz 12oz btl 3oz Nebbiolo, Artisan’s Cellar Rosso (Piemonte, Italy) NV 9 18 36 4.5 Plavac Mali, Island Red (Lastovo, Croatia) NV 10 20 40 5 Merlot/Cab Franc/Cab, Jean Marc Barthez (Bordeaux, France) 2016 10 20 40 5 Sangiovese/Montepulciano,
    [Show full text]
  • Paysans Et Droits Féodaux En Charente-Inférieure Pendant La Révolution Française
    MÉMOIRES ET DOCUMENTS publiés par les soins de la Commission d'Histoire de la Révolution française XL En vente à Paris, à la Documentation française 29-31, quai Voltaire, 75340 Paris Cedex 07 Tél. : 261 50 10 COMMISSION D'HISTOIRE DE LA RÉVOLUTION FRANÇAISE MÉMOIRES ET DOCUMENTS XL Jean-Noël/nJC PAYSANS ET DROITS FÉODAUX EN CHARENTE-INFÉRIEURE PENDANT LA RÉVOLUTION FRANÇAISE PARIS C.T.H.S. 1984 Cet ouvrage est la version raccourcie d'un doctorat de troisième cycle soutenu, en 1978, à l'université de Paris I, devant un jury composé des Professeurs Jacques GODECHOT (président), Albert SOBOUL (rapporteur), Pierre GOUBERT et Jean JACQUART. ISBN 2-7355-0066-7 (Ç) E.N.S.B.-C.T.H.S., PARIS, 1984 Tous droits de traduction, d'adaptation et de reproduction par tous procédés, y compris la photographie et le microfilm, réservés pour tous pays. SOURCES ET BIBLIOGRAPHIE I. - SOURCES MANUSCRITES 1. — Archives nationales — Série D : Missions des représentants du peuple et comités des Assemblées — D III. Comité de Législation, dossiers 43, 44, 45 A et B, 46. — D IV 22. Comité de Constitution. — D XIV 2. Comité des droits féodaux. — D XXIX. Comité des Rapports, articles 2, 3, 56, 69, 70, 71, 72, 81. — D XXIX bis 2. Comité des recherches. — D XL 5. Comité des pétitions et correspondance. — Série F : Administration générale de la France — FIC III. Carton relatif à la Charente-Inférieure. — F 7 3282. Détenus, prisons d'Etat. — F 7 3664. Statistique morale et personnelle, troubles divers. — Série 0 : Maison du Roi et de l'Empereur — 0 432 à 436.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading Peter Mcphee on the Social Consequences of the French
    r' titles from Palgrave Macmillan: ;ton, Religion and Revolution in France, 1.780-1804 A Social History arrison, A History of Sixteenth-Century France, 1483-1598 otter, A History of France, 1460-1560 Sowerwine, France since 18.70 Vinen, France, 1934-1970 of France 1789-1914 Second Edition PETER McPHEE 'fJUv ~ (Jn~ " P~XCL~ ~ 1vt,dC./JM-J{'Ct1v, 2. DO 4 , " palgrave ........... ___ : 11 _- THE SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE REVOLUTION 91 Revolution - that dangerous precedent - its historical reality and its specific social and national character'. 5 The 'minimalist' approach to the social significance of the Revolution is lucidly articulated by Roger Price: 'In political and ide0logical terms the ,The Social Consequences Revolution ~ was no doubt of crucial importance, but humanit:y. 'l"'as:no,t trans­ formed thereby. Most of the population continued to be sabjeCfMlO"ili.6age-old constraints of their environment. At the end of all the political,dp1ieavaJst'Ofi the of the Revolution Revolution and Empire little had changed in the daily life of most F.u~aclnmel1Ilf From this perspective, fundamental changes to the structures of,ailly,>li'fe 'wer,e simply beyond the reach of political reformers. Across the English ,Ohannel, the years 1780-1830 saw a 'revolution' of a different type: there, more Igfaduru but profound transformations to industry and agriculture generated, stliuCnl!lllal changes which left nothing untouched, from the nature of work to demographic From the point of vi~w of the working people of town and country, how patterns, from
    [Show full text]
  • Vins Naturels
    VINS NATURELS L’Oursin pours organic and/or biodynamic wines made from grapes fermented with native yeasts. “Natural” wines that are true agricultural products - fresh, alive, and delicious. Vive les vins naturels! VINS PÉTILLANTS VINS ROUGES ▲ Philippe & Nicolas Spontané Blanc $13/56 ▼ Jean-Paul Dubost “Tracot” $11/47 Sémillon/Loin de l’Oeil/Mauzac, Southwest via Loire, FR, 2017 Gamay Noir, Beaujolais-Villages, FR, 2016 Two friends collect the most perfectly weird and If you wanna be startin’ somethin’, this P.Y.T. has a wonderful grapes for this wine-story. Natural nonfiction timeless profile with good movement, a vibrant appearance written effervescently with dry wit and a happy ending. and complicated nose. You can’t beat it. ▼ Domaine Pignier Crémant du Jura Brut $14/63 ▼ Francois Chidaine “Touraine Rouge” $11/47 Chardonnay/Pinot Noir, Jura, FR, NV Côt/Cabernet Franc/Pineau d’Aunis, Touraine, FR, 2017 Deep pigment, a perfect bubble, fruit and spice point From a carbon farmed Utopia where plants, animals and toward Champagne. Yet this is unapologetically not soil are treated as one. Wine born with a backbone of Champagne, but its own beautiful beast. Côt, the fleshy body of Cabernet Franc and Pineau d’Aunis’s snaggletoothed smile. ▲ Raphaël Bartucci Bugey Cerdon $13/56 Gamay Noir/Poulsard, Bugey Cerdon, FR, NV ▲ Arnauld Daudier de Cassini $12/51 Fascist-fleeing self-taught farmer bottles sustainable Merlot, Bordeaux, FR, 2016 nostalgia for your dining pleasure. A sweet, spontaneous, Boots on the ground/head in the sky winemaker innovates dinner date donning a crushed velvet blazer. in Bordeaux.
    [Show full text]
  • National and Regional Mapping in France to About 1650 Monique Pelletier
    48 • National and Regional Mapping in France to About 1650 Monique Pelletier National Mapmaking from Oronce Fine and in Italy, which were curbed by the 1559 treaty of to Guillaume Postel (1525–1570): Fine, Cateau-Cambrésis but persisted in the dreams of Cather- Jolivet, Nicolay, and Postel ine de’ Medici and her children. (For a reference map of France, covering all of the chapters in this section, see French nationalist understandings of geography were fig. 48.1.) stimulated by the Renaissance translation of Caesar’s La The maps of Fine, Jolivet, and Postel were graduated in guerre des Gaules by Robert Gaguin in 1485.1 When both latitude and longitude, unlike the modern maps in- Gaguin wrote in Latin, he used the terms “Gallia” and cluded in editions of Ptolemy’s Geography. These na- “Francia” or “Gallus” and “Francus” interchangeably, tional maps used trapezoidal projections and varied as because for him there was continuity between Gaul and much in latitude as in longitude. Only Fine’s map retained the France of his epoch.2 Working with the conviction the divisions of climate and day lengths that were found that France “succeeded” Gaul, the French geographers on the maps of Ptolemaic origin. Fine was equally atten- based their studies on the “division introduced by the tive to the historical meaning of the map, leading him to Emperor Augustus and followed by the most skilled geog- give both ancient and modern place-names, in keeping raphers of the antiquity.” 3 In their new maps, Gaul- with the historical awareness of the Renaissance that France was described in a language more sensitive to ad- glorified Gaul as “a country with the best boundaries un- ministrative entities than to topographic realism.
    [Show full text]