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Aserija, Rimske Ceste I Plinijevi Podatci Asseria, Roman

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Aserija, Rimske Ceste I Plinijevi Podatci Asseria, Roman ASSERIA, 6, 2008., 11-28 Slobodan ČAČE, Aserija, rimske ceste i Plinijevi podatci Slobodan ČAČE UDK: 904(497.5)“652”:656 Sveučilište u Zadru 656.1(497.5)(091) Odjel za povijest 91(398)(093) ITINERARIOM ANTONINI Obala kralja Petra Krešimira IV., 2 PLINIUS SECUNDUS, C. HR-23000 Zadar 91(398)(093) [email protected] 91(398)(093) TABULA PEUTINGERIANA Izvorni znanstveni članak Original scientific paper Primljeno: 15. siječnja 2009. Received: ASERIJA, RIMSKE CESTE I PLINIJEVI PODATCI ASSERIA, ROMAN ROADS AND PLINY’S DATA Apstrakt Abstract Uspoređuju se podatci o rimskim This paper offers comparison of cestama duž obale, između Jadera, the data about the Roman roads along Salone i Narone, sačuvani u itinerarskim the coastline between Iader, Salona and izvorima (Peutingerova karta, Antoni- Narona , the ones preserved in the nski itinerarij) s onima koje donosi itinerary sources (the Peutinger’s map, Plinije Stariji, Nat. hist. 3, 141 i 142. Uz the Antonine’s Itinerary) and the Elder pretpostavku da Plinijevi podatci potječu Pliny’s information (Nat. hist. 3, 141 s Agripine karte, oni bi mogli odražavati and 142). Under the supposition that stanje iz ranog razdoblja Augustove Pliny’s data came from the Agrippa’s vladavine. Imajući u vidu izvrsnu map they might reflect situation from the povezanost Aserije s cestom Jader – early phase of Augustus’ reign. Having Skardona – Salona, zaključuje se da je in mind excellent connections of Asseria 11 Slobodan ČAČE, Aserija, rimske ceste i Plinijevi podatci ASSERIA, 6, 2008., 11-28 gradnja ove komunikacije morala biti with the road Iader– Scardona – Salona, dodatni poticaj brzom razvoju Aserije u the conslusion is that the building of this ranom Principatu. road must have been an additional impetus to fast development of Asseria Ključne riječi: Rimske ceste, in the Early Principate. Aserija, Jader, Skardona, Salona, Plinije Stariji Key words: Roman roads, Asseria, Iader, Scardona, Salona, Pliny the Elder 12 ASSERIA, 6, 2008., 11-28 Slobodan ČAČE, Aserija, rimske ceste i Plinijevi podatci 1. U dosadašnjim brojevima 1. In the previous issues of the časopisa Asseria pojavio se veći broj Asseria journal there has been a number of priloga posvećenih poglavito ili djelomice articles dealing mainly or partially with the upotpunjavanju slike prometne povezanosti Asseria’s position within Roman road Aserije u prometni sustav rimskog vremena. system. Directly or indirectly, all these Izravno ili posredno, svi su ti prilozi ukazali works indicated great importance of na izvanredno veliku važnost koju je za Asseria’s function as an intersection of the razvoj grada imala danas već vrlo jasna region’s roads which was crucial in the uloga ključnoga cestovnog čvorišta u process of the city development. 1 In this regiji. 1 U ovom prilogu nastojao bih paper I will try to consider some details upozoriti na neke pojedinosti za koje mi se which were not studied thoroughly in the čini da u dosadašnjim razmatranjima nisu previous researches, or seem to be dovoljno proučene ili im, u najmanju ruku, neglected, to say the least. Namely, I will nije pridana važnost koju zavrjeđuju. Radi address the question of chronology of se o pitanju kronologije rimske Roman road-building in northern and cestogradnje u sjevernoj i srednjoj Dalma- central Dalmatia. Organization of the road ciji. Za uvjete razvoja Aserije u kritičnom system had to be of great importance for the vremenu stabilizacije rimske vlasti u regiji, conditions of Asseria’s development in the kako je razvidno iz spomenutih radova, critical period of stabilization of Roman uspostava cestovne mreže morala je imati power in the region, as mentioned articles velikog značenja. No, kako mi se čini, bilo show. However , in my opinion it would be bi važno utvrditi ili barem postaviti important to determine or at least propose a dovoljno obrazloženu radnu hipotezu o well-argumented hypothesis about more potanje određenim vremenskim odredni- precise chronological determinants of cama uključivanja u tu mrežu. Čini nam se entering that system. It seems relevant to relevantnim upozoriti na mogućnost da se emphasize that Asseria might have been in a Aserija u kontekstu prometnog sustava very favourable position in the context of našla u vrlo povoljnim prilikama već u road system as early as initial phasis of ranijoj fazi Augustove vladavine, približno Augustus’ reign (approximately third 20-ih godina pr. Kr. decade BC). 1 A. KURILIĆ, 2003; Ž. MILETI Ć, 2004; Z. 1 A. KURILIĆ, 2003; Ž. MILETI Ć, 2004; Z. BRUSIĆ, 2007; S. ČAČE, 2007. BRUSIĆ, 2007; S. ČAČE, 2007. 13 Slobodan ČAČE, Aserija, rimske ceste i Plinijevi podatci ASSERIA, 6, 2008., 11-28 Problematika traži nekoliko rečenica Several explanations are necessary objašnjenja. Dobro je poznato da su for further discussion. It is well known that najznatniji datirani pisani izvori koji famous inscriptions from Salona present the svjedoče o gradnji cesta u rimskoj most important written source with datation Dalmaciji poznati natpisi iz Salone, which reveals information about the road postavljeni na ishodištu nekoliko cesta koje building in Roman Dalmatia. The su sagrađene u vrijeme uprave namjesnika inscriptions were set up at the starting P. Kornelija Dolabele (14-20. g. pr. Kr.). 2 points of several roads built under the Sabravši rezultate svih ranijih studija i governor P. Cornelius Dolabella (14-20 terenskih istraživanja, uz vlastita vrijedna AD). 2 Ivo Bojanovski dealt with entire postignuća na terenu, Ivo Bojanovski je subject matter of Dolabella’s road building sustavno obradio ukupnu problematiku systematically and comprehensively after Dolabeline cestogradnje. 3 U nizu studija studying all previous researches and field prikazao je i druge magistralne komu- investigations, including his own. 3 In the nikacije rimskog doba, a vrlo podrobno number of studies he presented other main cestu Salona–Narona koja nam je ovdje communications from Roman times, and osobito zanimljiva. 4 among them particularly the road Dolabelini su natpisi, razumljivo, Salona–Narona, which is especially privukli pozornost brojnih proučavatelja relevant for this discussion. 4 rimske Dalmacije. Riječ je o iznimnom Dolabella’s inscriptions attracted epigrafičkom spomeniku i prvorazrednom great attention of numerous researchers of izvoru za poznavanje rimske cestovne the Roman Dalmatia which is quite mreže u Dalmaciji. Ipak, s druge strane, understandable as it is an exceptional primjerice u danas već klasičnoj epigraphic monument and an excellent monografiji J. J. Wilkesa, 5 težište argume- source of information about the Roman road ntacije je na ovoj i drugim (rijetkim) ranim system in Dalmatia. On the other hand, the natpisnim potvrdama, uz načelno, sasvim focus of argumentation is on this early prihvatljivo stajalište da su okosnicu rimske epigraphic confirmation and rare others, prometne mreže tvorile upravo rane ceste with principlally quite acceptable standpoint that the core of the Roman road 2 CIL III 3198a = 10156a + 3200; CIL III 3201 = system were early roads built for strategic 10159 + 3198b = 10156b; M. ABRAMIĆ, VAHD 1926-7, 151; G. ALFÖLDY, 1964; usp. J. J. WIL - 2 CIL III 3198a = 10156a + 3200; CIL III 3201 = KES, 1969. 10159 + 3198b = 10156b; M. ABRAMIĆ, VAHD 3 I. BOJANOVSKI, 1974. 1926-7, 151; G. ALFÖLDY, 1964; usp. J. J. WIL - KES, 1969. 4 I. BOJANOVSKI , 1977. 3 I. BOJANOVSKI, 1974. 5 J. J. WILKES, 1967; posebno v. Appendix IV: 4 Early Military Roads in Dalmatia, 452-455. I. BOJANOVSKI, 1977. 14 ASSERIA, 6, 2008., 11-28 Slobodan ČAČE, Aserija, rimske ceste i Plinijevi podatci kojih je gradnja bila motivirana ponajprije reasons, e.g. in already classical monograph strategijskim razlozima. by J. J. Wilkes. 5 Najkraće rečeno, Dolabelini natpisi To put it shortly, Dolabella’s pokazuju da je u prvim godinama Tiberijeve inscriptions show that the first years of vladavine izgrađen sustav prometnica koje Tiberius’ reign saw the building of a system su sve izlazile iz Salone, prevaljivale prvu of roads leading from Salona over the first visinsku zapreku kod Klisa i odatle high altitude barrier near Klis ( Andetrium – nastavljale dalje: prema sjeverozapadu Knin – mons Ditionum ) and across the (Andetrij – Knin – Ditionske planine) te, Cetina river further to the east (lower course preko Cetine prema istoku (donji tok Bosne, of the Bosnia river, i.e. Daesitiates in central odnosno Desitijati u srednjoj Bosni). 6 Bosnia). 6 Although it is not advisable to Premda nije dobro pretpostavljati na make hypothesis on the basis of what is not temelju onog što u izvoru nije navedeno, mentioned in the source, it seems čini se ipak umjesnim pretpostaviti da je u reasonable to suppose that in Dolabella’s Dolabelino vrijeme već postojalo nekoliko time there had already been several very magistralnih cesta velike važnosti. Ovdje important main roads. Road connections nas poglavito zanima cestovna veza između between the three Dalmatian colonies Iader, triju kolonija Dalmacije: Jadera, Salone i Salona, and Narona are of special interest Narone. Pretpostavljamo, naime, da je ta here. Namely, we assume that this Roman rimska Jadranska cesta morala biti već Adriatic road had to be built and in function uređena i uvelike u prometu i prije početka for some time even before Dolabella Dolabeline uprave. became the governor. Dio pozornosti koju je privukla A part of attention drawn by Dolabelina cestogradnja svakako je Dolabella’s road building is definitely result uvjetovan činjenicom da Dolabeline ceste of a fact that Dolabella’s roads also present predstavljaju i vojne prometnice: military connections, crossing even the probijajući se i preko najvećih planinskih highest mountain barriers, cutting through zapreka, sijekući poprečno smjer dinarskih the Dinarid ridges and connecting the lanaca i povezujući Jadran s Panonijom, one Adriatic with Panonnia, they were supposed su trebale osigurati učinkovitu pacifikaciju to ensure effective pacification of the provincije u vremenu neposredno nakon province immediately after the great gušenja velikog ustanka 6-9. g. rebellion (6-9) had been subdued. Komunikacija koja prati obalu nema tako Communication along the coastline does očevidnu strategijsku svrhu. No pođimo od iskustava iz ratova koje su na ovim 5 J.
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