A Survey of the Afghan People House No
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AFGHANISTAN IN 2013 A Survey of the Afghan People AFGHANISTAN IN 20 AFGHANISTAN 13 A Survey of the Afghan People House No. 861, Street No. 1, Sub-Street of Shirpour Project, Kabul, Afghanistan www.asiafoundation.org AFGHANISTAN IN 2013 A Survey of the Afghan People AFGHANISTAN IN 2013 A Survey of the Afghan People Project Design and Direction The Asia Foundation Editor Nancy Hopkins Report Author Keith Shawe Assistant Authors Shahim Ahmad Kabuli, Shamim Sarabi, Palwasha Kakar, Zach Warren Fieldwork Afghan Center for Socio-economic and Opinion Research (ACSOR), Kabul Report Design and Printing The Asia Foundation AINA Afghan Media, Kabul ©2013, The Asia Foundation About The Asia Foundation The Asia Foundation is a nonprofit international development organization committed to improving lives across a dynamic and developing Asia. Informed by six decades of experience and deep local expertise, our programs address critical issues affecting Asia in the 21st century—governance and law, economic development, women's empowerment, environment, and regional cooperation. In addition, our Books for Asia and professional exchange programs are among the ways we encourage Asia's continued development as a peaceful, just, and thriving region of the world. Headquartered in San Francisco, The Asia Foundation works through a network of offices in 18 Asian countries and in Washington, DC. Working with public and private partners, the Foundation receives funding from a diverse group of bilateral and multilateral development agencies, foundations, corporations, and individuals. In 2012, we provided nearly $100 million in direct program support and distributed textbooks and other educational materials valued at over $30 million. For more information, visit asiafoundation.org Afghanistan in 2013 Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary...........................................................................................................................5 2. National Mood................................................................................................................................15 2.1 Direction of the country......................................................................................................................15 2.2 Afghanistan’s biggest problems: national level.....................................................................................22 2.3 Afghanistan’s biggest problems: local level..........................................................................................23 2.4 Biggest problems facing women...........................................................................................................25 3. Security...........................................................................................................................................29 3.1 Crime and violence..............................................................................................................................30 3.2 Perceptions of the Afghan National Security Forces...........................................................................35 3.3 Peace and reconciliation.......................................................................................................................41 4. Economic Growth and Employment...............................................................................................47 4.1 Economy..............................................................................................................................................47 4.2 Employment........................................................................................................................................49 4.3 Household income...............................................................................................................................51 5. Development and Service Delivery..................................................................................................53 5.1 Satisfaction with services available in local area...................................................................................53 5.2 Awareness of development programs and donors...............................................................................55 5.3 Household fuel sources........................................................................................................................57 5.4 Household and agricultural water use..................................................................................................60 5.5 Educational attainment and literacy....................................................................................................64 6. Governance......................................................................................................................................69 6.1 Satisfaction with government performance.........................................................................................70 6.2 Confidence in public institutions.........................................................................................................76 6.3 Corruption...........................................................................................................................................78 6.4 Dispute resolution and justice systems.................................................................................................81 7. Political Participation......................................................................................................................87 7.1 Exercising basic political freedoms.......................................................................................................87 7.2 Ability to influence government decisions...........................................................................................90 7.3 Politics and religion..............................................................................................................................91 7.4 Elections and voting decisions.............................................................................................................92 Afghanistan in 2013 8. Access to Information......................................................................................................................99 8.1 Physical sources of information...........................................................................................................99 8.2 Social sources of information.............................................................................................................102 9. Women in Society..........................................................................................................................105 9.1 Rights and justice...............................................................................................................................106 9.2 Political participation.........................................................................................................................109 9.3 Education ..........................................................................................................................................111 9.4 Economic opportunities.....................................................................................................................113 10. Appendix 1: Target Demographics..............................................................................................115 11. Appendix 2: Methodology............................................................................................................121 12. Appendix 3: Interview Questionnaire..........................................................................................157 Afghanistan in 2013 Table of Figures 2.1 National Mood: Direction of Country.....................................................................................................16 2.2 National Mood: Right Direction (region)................................................................................................17 2.3 Reasons: Right Direction.........................................................................................................................18 2.4 Reasons: Right Direction (2006-2013)......................................................................................................19 2.5 Reasons: Wrong Direction.......................................................................................................................20 2.6 Wrong Direction: Insecurity....................................................................................................................20 2.7 Reasons: Wrong Direction (2006-2013)....................................................................................................21 2.8 Biggest Problem: National........................................................................................................................22 2.9 Biggest Problem: National (2006-2013).....................................................................................................23 2.10 Biggest Problem: Local Level..................................................................................................................24 2.11 Biggest Problem: Local (2006-2013)........................................................................................................24 2.12 Biggest Problems Facing Women...........................................................................................................25 2.13 Biggest Problems Facing Women: