HOOVER INSTITUTION Newsletter

Fall 2005

SENIOR FELLOW KEVIN M. MURPHY NAMED MACARTHUR FELLOW

oover Institution senior fellow HKevin M. Murphy was named one of 25 MacArthur Fellows for 2005 s

by the John D. and Catherine T. e c i v r

MacArthur Foundation on September e S t r

20. A l a u s

He also is the George J. Stigler Dis- i V : t tinguished Service Professor at the Uni- i d e r versity of Chicago’s Graduate School of c o t o

Business. h p Murphy is a wide-ranging economist Russian minister of foreign affairs Sergey Lavrov (left) and Hoover distinguished with an aptitude for applying careful fellow George P. Shultz examine materials on international affairs before the empirical analyses within rigorous the- September 20 dinner. oretical frameworks to economic ques- tions of immense social import. Early in his career, Murphy identified how RUSSIAN MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS CITES trends in PARTNERSHIP, SHARED CHALLENGES OF RUSSIA wage in- AND UNITED STATES IN TALK equality ussian minister of foreign affairs lenges is only possible through collec- reflect un- tive efforts of the entire world commu-

n Sergey Lavrov lauded the promis-

o R i derlying t a ing partnership between his country nity.” d n changes in u o and the United States when he spoke at Foreign Minister Lavrov was intro- F r demand for u h a dinner at the Hoover Institution on duced by George P. Shultz, former U.S. t r labor. These A c continued on page 13 a September 20.

M studies not y s “Moscow and Washington are tied e • INSIDE • t

r only consid- u

o together by so much,” Lavrov said. C ered such DISTINGUISHED VISITING FELLOW Kevin M. Murphy “We both have a special responsibility variables as DIANE RAVITCH HONORED for the future of the world. This part- work experience, education, race, and WITH TWO AWARDS ...... 3 nership needs to move now to positive gender but also highlighted the impor- ™ action. Of immediate concern is inter- UNCOMMON KNOWLEDGE ’S FINAL tance of within-group wage variability national terrorism, drug trafficking, BOW CREATES TREASURE TROVE in understanding labor economics. FOR SCHOLARS ...... 6 organized crime. It makes no sense to Murphy also considered the phenom- try to respond to these threats and HOOVER'S NOBEL LAUREATES enon of addiction from an economic challenges on a unilateral basis. An ef- DISCUSS CURRENT ECONOMIC CHALLENGES ...... 11 continued on page 10 fective response to threats and chal-

at www.hoover.org to see What's New, a guide to the very latest news, Go online with HOOVER features, and events of the Hoover Institution, updated daily. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN ARCHIVISTS PRESENTS 2005 FELLOWS’ ERNST POSNER AWARD TO ELENA DANIELSON

he Society of American Archivists’ 2005 Fellows’ Ernst tution and director of its TPosner Award was presented to the Hoover Institution’s library and archives, retiring Elena Danielson for her article in the most recent volume of from that post on September 2 The American Archivist. (see below), received the award The award, established in 1982 by the Fellows of the for her essay “Privacy Rights Society of American Archivists (SAA) and named for former and the Rights of Political SAA president Ernst Posner, recognizes an outstanding essay Victims: Implications of the dealing with some facet of archival administration, history, German Experience” in volume theory, and/or methodology published in SAA’s semiannual 67 of The American Archivist. Elena Danielson journal. Founded in 1936, the Society of American Archivists is The award was presented to Danielson on August 19, North America’s oldest and largest national archival profes- during SAA’s 69th annual meeting in New Orleans. sional association. More information is available at Danielson, who was associate director of the Hoover Insti- www.archivists.org.

LENA ANIELSON RETIRES AS “Privacy Rights and the Rights of Political Victims: Implica- E D tions of the German Experience” in the most recent volume, ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR AND DIRECTOR number 67, of The American Archivist. (See above.) OF LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES She also received many other important awards for out- standing work in her field. In 2004, Danielson was awarded AFTER 27 YEARS the National Order of Merit (rank of commander) of lena S. Danielson, whose distinguished career with the Romania for her “important role in the preservation and EHoover Institution spanned 27 years and who was development of the extensive Romanian collections of the inspired to become an archivist at the age of 20, retired as Hoover Archives, for her special support to Romanian associate director of the Hoover Institution and director of researchers, and for donating copies of I. G. Duca’s and the Hoover Library and Archives on September 2. Nicolae Titulescu’s archival collections to Romanian cultural “I had hoped, when I was 20, to retreat from the real institutions.” world and into the archival world to study the lives and In 2001, she received the Laurel Award of the Polish Prime works of the hopeless romantics of history,” Danielson told Minister for her work with the Polish State Archives. Her friends and coworkers who gathered on August 31 to wish research has been supported by Woodrow Wilson, Fulbright, her well. “However, I found myself on the cutting edge of and Whiting Fellowships. She is a member of Alpha chapter history, not once but twice, here at Hoover,” she said refer- of Phi Beta Kappa. ring to the political changes that swept Eastern Europe Danielson joined the internationally renowned Hoover beginning in 1989 and the current political ferment in Institution Archives in 1978, working in all areas of the Taiwan. organization: first in technical services, then reference, out- On September 2, Danielson’s new title became archivist reach, collection development, and then management. emerita. She will now begin pursuing her own research, After serving as acting archivist for one year, 1996–97, she focused on archives theory, building on her nearly three was named archivist on September 1, 1997. She was made decades of hands-on experience. head of both the library and archives on September 1, 2001, Under her direction, the archives at Hoover grew and were and then associate director of the Hoover Institution on augmented with collections that include correspondence of January 1, 2002. the Romanov family, the papers of poet and novelist Boris Before her Hoover appointment, Danielson was an assis- Pasternak, the papers of Soviet literary critic, dissident, and tant professor at Santa Clara University and prior to that political prisoner Andrei Siniavskii, materials of Chiang Kai- held a teaching fellowship at Stanford University. Danielson shek and T. V. Soong in the T. V. Soong collection, and the holds a Ph.D. and an A.M. degree in German studies from papers of German steel industry executive Dieter Spethmann Stanford and a master’s degree in library science and an on the process of European unification. undergraduate degree from the University of California, She recently was awarded the Society of American Berkeley. Archivists’ 2005 Fellows’ Ernst Posner Award for her article

2 DIANE RAVITCH RECEIVES 2004 Ravitch is a historian of edu- cation and research professor of UNCOMMON BOOK AWARD FOR education at New York Univer- THE LANGUAGE POLICE sity. In addition to her distin- guished visiting fellowship and he Language Police: How Pressure Groups Restrict What membership in the Koret Task TStudents Learn, written by Hoover distinguished visiting Force at Hoover, she is a non- fellow Diane Ravitch, was named by the Hoover Institution as resident senior fellow at the the winner of its 2004 Uncommon Book Award. Brookings Institution in Wash- The award was announced by Hoover Institution director ington, D.C. She was assistant John Raisian on September 8 during a meeting of the Koret secretary in charge of research Task Force on K–12 Education, of which Ravitch is also a in the U.S. Department of Edu- Diane Ravitch member. cation in the administration of In The Language Police (Alfred A. Knopf, 2003), Ravitch President George H. W. Bush and was appointed to the Na- maintains that America’s students are compelled to read tional Assessment Governing Board by President Bill Clinton. insipid texts that have been censored and bowdlerized, issued The author of seven previous books on education, including by publishers who willingly cut controversial material from the critically acclaimed Left Back: A Century of Battles over their books—a case of the bland leading the bland. School Reform, she lives in Brooklyn, New York. The Language Police is the first full-scale exposé of this cul- The W. Glenn Campbell and Rita Ricardo-Campbell Un- tural and educational scandal written by a leading historian. common Book Award is presented annually to an author affil- It documents the existence of an elaborate and well-estab- iated with the Hoover Institution whose work is selected by a lished protocol of beneficent censorship, quietly endorsed and panel of Hoover fellows. The award is given for a published implemented by test makers and textbook publishers, states, book or other significant work on a public policy issue that, and the federal government. Ravitch offers a powerful politi- in the panel’s determination, meets the highest standards of cal and economic analysis of the causes of censorship. Her scholarship at the Hoover Institution. practical and sensible solutions for ending it will improve the The $10,000 honorarium that accompanies the Uncommon quality of books for students as well as liberating publishers, Book Award is underwritten by a gift from Hoover Institution state boards of education, and schools from the grip of pres- senior fellow Rita Ricardo-Campbell and the late director sure groups. emeritus Glenn Campbell. The award recognizes the work of Information about the book is available at www.language- a Hoover fellow, or other person associated with the Institu- police.com and at www.randomhouse.com/knopf/catalog/ tion, whose writing and research reaches the highest standards display.pperl?isbn=9780375414824. of scholarship on public policy issues.

BREUKELEIN INSTITUTE HONORS Policy at the Brookings Institution. From 1991 to 1993 she was assistant secretary of education in the administration of DIANE RAVITCH WITH GAUDIUM President George H.W. Bush. Among the eight books she has AWARD authored, her most recent titles include The Language Police: How Pressure Groups Restrict What Students Learn he Breukelein Institute in New York has named Hoover (2003) and Left Back: A Century of Battles over School Tdistinguished visiting fellow Diane Ravitch a recipient of Reform (2000). its 2005 Gaudium Award. Other recipients of the award, established in 1982, include The awards are given annually to four men and women author, historian, and jazz musician Dave Brubeck; author whose lives have “illumined the horizon of human experi- and historian Thomas Cahill; Notre Dame University presi- ence” through their extraordinary vocations in the arts and dent Rev. Theodore Hesburgh; producer Joseph Papp; public service. The awards will be presented on November 7 author Walker Percy; and Nobel laureate Isaac Bashevis in New York City. Singer. The word gaudium is Latin for joy, which is what, the The Breukelein Institute is a not-for profit, nonreligious foundation notes, the recipients have shared with the work entity established by the members of the Pontifical Congre- they do. gation of St. Philip Neri in Brooklyn, New York, to raise Ravitch is a member of the Hoover Institution’s Koret Task money and originate programs and activities to affirm, Force and research professor of education at New York Uni- improve, and reform the quality of life in the city of New versity. Ravitch also holds the Brown Chair in Education York, particularly in Kings County.

3 CONFERENCE SHINES LIGHT ON HUMAN “It seems to me that any discussion of North Korea RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN NORTH KOREA leaves one frustrated, “ said Hoover senior fellow orth Korea, frequently in the the extent of the problem by Michael Armacost. “It’s Nnews because of a looming crisis saying that “North Korea is very daunting to deal with over its nuclear weapons program, has so closed off that people a country that has such a another, often overlooked, immediate have not been able to gain reprehensible government.” crisis—the treatment of its citizens by access to it.” Gershman out- In the session Armacost the government. In “Human Rights lined several problems in chaired, he outlined the Crisis in North Korea: Challenges and understanding the issue, in- pros and cons of possible Opportunities,” a conference hosted by cluding how to determine Carl Gershman solutions but concluded the Hoover Institution on September the numbers affected, how to respond that no plausible solutions were at 16, leading scholars and human rights to the need, why is it happening, how hand. activists discussed how the human to engage the government, how vulner- Other conference participants in- rights of North Koreans are suppressed able the system is, and what North cluded Doug Anderson, Committee on and how to address the problem. Koreans think. International Relations and Subcom- The issues, the dimensions, and the Hoover senior fellow Henry Rowen mittee on Asia and the Pacific, United possible responses to this problem were offered an analysis of the North States Congress; Rabbi Abraham examined in a series of sessions during Korean government’s strategy in ex- Cooper, Simon Wiesenthal Center; the conference. In the final session of tracting resources from other coun- Chuck Downs, author; Nick Eberstadt, the day, “Summary Session: Human tries. For example, he said, food dona- American Enterprise Institute; Stephan Rights in North Korea: Assessments tions help keep the regime in power. In Haggard, Graduate School of Interna- and Solutions,” chaired by Hoover as- negotiations, he said, the government tional Relations and Pacific Studies, sociate director David Brady, findings requires payment for participating in University of California, San Diego; from earlier sessions were presented. those programs. Also, he reminded the David Hawk, U.S. Committee for Carl Gershman, president of the Na- audience that dwelling on North Human Rights in North Korea; tional Endowment of Democracy, pro- Korea’s nuclear weapons program Jongryn Mo, Hoover Institution; and vided an overview of the issues and ex- diverts attention from North Korea’s Suzanne Scholte, Defense Forum Foun- plained the difficulty in determining human rights violations. dation.

ALIFORNIA S ECRETARY FOR DUCATION the school districts have 70 C ’ S E percent of the lowest per- ALAN BERSIN ADDRESSES KORET forming students. He be- TASK FORCE lieves that there is a need for district reform and perhaps alling himself an “optimist about tion and improvement, and putting some schools in re- Cpublic education,” Secretary for competition. ceivership. He cited the Education of the State of California On the subject of ac- Oakland school district as a Alan Bersin said that “education won’t countability he stated that model of what can be done look the same in 50 years.” This gener- there is a need to harmonize to improve schools. ation, he added, needs to hand educa- federal and state accounta- In regard to competition, tion over to the next in better shape. bility systems. Another Alan Bersin Bersin discussed the role of Bersin, the featured speaker at a goal, Bersin said, is to develop a system charter schools. Charter schools, he dinner hosted by the Koret Task Force that identifies schools that are not noted, promote competition and need on K–12 Education on September 8, making progress and schools that are to be strengthened. offered an overview of what Governor making some progress but are not yet Before Bersin spoke, the Hoover In- Arnold Schwarzenegger is likely to performing satisfactorily. Along with stitution’s annual Rita Ricardo-Camp- present as an agenda for K–12 educa- this is the need to create an interven- bell and W. Glenn Campbell Uncom- tion over the next year. He outlined tion framework to respond to these mon Book Award was presented to this three areas that will be emphasized: ac- schools, he added. year’s recipient, Diane Ravitch for her countability and transparency, innova- Bersin also noted that 4 percent of book The Language Police (Knopf).

4 HOOVER EXHIBIT ‘REVOLUTIONARY medium in which to work, representing things like the abuse of the environment, grievance, the threat of war, or other EYE’ SHOWCASES WORK OF ACTIVIST general grievances. You can reveal the bitter truth through WOLFGANG JANISCH photographs.” The central theme in Janisch’s work he new exhibit “Revolutionary is his respect for the rights of the indi- TEye: The Political Poster Art of vidual, especially the right to live in Wolfgang Janisch: 1979–1999” freedom and without fear of violence. looks at the work of an ordinary He also believes in individual respon- man transformed by political sibility and feels strongly that each turmoil and his pursuit of justice. person has an obligation to stand up Through posters, photographs, and against injustice, in whatever form it footage from the Hoover Institution takes. In speaking of the nonviolent Library and Archives, this exhibi- protests that brought down the East tion in the Herbert Hoover Memor- German government, he said that ial Exhibit Pavilion documents the “our strength was like that of soft water slowly breaking down hard life and work of Janisch, an East One of the many dramatic photos featured in German artist and activist. ‘Revolutionary Eye.’ stone.” Change can happen, he said, Janisch began making collage “especially when people take the posters, similar to the work of the Dadaist John Heartfield, upright path and do something against injustice.” as a protest against the policies of the communist dictator- The exhibit runs through December 16. The Herbert ship in East Germany during the 1970s and 1980s. His Hoover Memorial Exhibit Pavilion, located at the Hoover posters were a means of expressing his concerns about the re- Institution on the Stanford University campus, adjacent to pressive policies of the German Democratic Republic and a Hoover Tower, is open Tuesday through Saturday, 11 a.m. way to raise an alarm about the buildup of nuclear weapons through 4 p.m. More than forty of Janisch’s posters are in- on both sides of the Iron Curtain as well as environmental cluded in the exhibition as well as a video interview of the degradation within East Germany. artist and screenings of the 1993 documentary film That Was He chose photographs to work with, he said, because “if the GDR (licensed by the DEFA Film Library at the Univer- your intentions are honest, then photography is an honest sity of Massachusetts Amherst, www.umass.edu/defa).

portraits of communist leader Mao Tse-Tung by Andy ‘REVOLUTIONARY TIDES’ EXHIBIT Warhol. FEATURES EXCEPTIONAL POSTER ART Jeffrey T. Schnapp, director of the Stanford Humanities FROM HOOVER COLLECTION; MOVES Lab and author/editor of 15 books and more than 100 essays, is the guest curator for the exhibition. The exhibition TO FLORIDA IN 2006 FOR DISPLAY is accompanied by a catalog entitled Revolutionary Tides, published by Skira. An associated, multiauthor book/website evolutionary Tides: The Art of the Political Poster, hybrid entitled Crowds (Stanford University Press) weaves “R1914–1989,” a major exhibit open until December together scholarly essays on topics extending from crowds in 31 at the Cantor Arts Center at Stanford University, brings antiquity to contemporary “smart mobs,” with testimonials, together more than 100 of the most exceptional examples semantic histories, and reference materials on crowd psy- from the vast poster collections of the Hoover Institution at chology and crowd sociology. Stanford and the Wolfsonian–Florida International Universi- “Revolutionary Tides” was organized by the Cantor Arts ty in Miami Beach. Center with the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, “Revolutionary Tides” presents posters from such diverse the Stanford Humanities Lab, and the Wolfsonian–Florida settings as New Deal America, the Soviet Union of Stalin’s International University. Generous support for the project Five-Year Plans, China’s Cultural Revolution, the protest was provided by the Clumeck Endowment Fund, the Bernard movements of the 1960s, and Ayatollah Khomeni’s Iran. The Osher Foundation, the Seaver Institute, the Mariposa Fund, exhibition features work by world-renowned graphic artists Roger and Martha Mertz, and Cantor Arts Center members. such as John Heartfield, Gustav Klutsis, and Xanti Schawin- After January 1, “Revolutionary Tides” will move to the sky and includes art ranging from an illustration depicting Wolfsonian-FIU, Miami Beach, where it will be open to the “Freedom of Speech” by Norman Rockwell to silk-screened public from February 24 to June 25, 2006.

5 Q &A

UNCOMMON KNOWLEDGE™ TAKES FINAL BOW, CREATORS REFLECT ON RICH LEGACY

Q: Speaking of the early life of the program, there were predecessors to Uncommon Knowledge and I know you both were quite honored to host and be recognized by one of the fathers of television talk shows, William F. Buckley o e d i Robinson: William Buckley not only V d r

o Uncommon Knowledge f was on , which n a t

S I do think was one of the best episodes, / n o t

t but in 1999, when he ended his leg- u S

n Firing Line Un-

e endary , he endorsed r a K common Knowledge as his successor. y s e t r That meant a lot to us and it was very u o C important to the program. The number The crew of the Uncommon Knowledge™ television program gather on the set. Host of stations that carried Uncommon Peter Robinson is seated; standing and to his left wearing a tie is production director William Free. Knowledge just about doubled after that endorsement. he public affairs television fellows could express their views and Q: Could you discuss other changes Tprogram Uncommon Knowledge™, share their research. So the decision over the years? produced by the Hoover Institution in was to create a Hoover vehicle, which Free: The program did keep getting conjunction with KTEH-TV, San Jose, became Uncommon Knowledge. better and better, and Peter really in June concluded a 10-year run with The first season, in 1997, we did just refined his presence and performance. 300 episodes broadcast on the Public 13 shows, but we grew, eventually, to Our guests were also better and better Broadcasting Service. do 39, which is a full season. At first, and we did move from discussions only In this Q&A, host Peter Robinson, a the program was carried only by among Hoover fellows to bringing in Hoover research fellow, and produc- KTEH, the PBS station in San Jose, others from the outside who offered a tion director William Free discuss the California, and then it eventually went great deal to the discussions. show’s genesis, evolution, and solid national and we were on more than 70 We also worked to improve the historical record of the world’s politi- stations across the country. visual dimension and distinguish Un- cal and economic situation over a Q: Early in the life of the program, common Knowledge from other public decade. That record remains available shows were taped at a local restaurant, policy talk shows. Very early we hit on for public access at www.uncom- which was unique among public policy using a visual cue card, actual words monknowledge.org/ and through the programs. on the screen, to punctuate one part of Hoover Institution website. The video- Robinson: It was a great idea, but it the program from another. Other pro- tapes of all shows will be held by the was noisy. A lot of time was spent grams would use stock footage to Hoover Institution Archives. setting up equipment and taking it signal a shift in topic, for instance. Q: How did the show Uncommon down. So although the concept was Robinson: As I remember it, we took Knowledge originate and what were good, it was a relief to move to a set on the idea to use cue cards from the tele- those early programs like? the Stanford campus after three years vision show Frasier. Free: Director John Raisian was very and have the setting and the freedom As for guests and their numbers, we interested in contributing to serious we needed to do the show well. I was always did some one-on-one interviews scholarship. There are many ways to also free during those early shows to with either the very famous or the very do this, but use of the media is among make mistakes with confidence, but I fascinating. A few people in that group the best. We faced isolation, with figured there were not too many would be [author] Tom Wolfe, [Nobel Hoover on the West Coast, and there viewers. And the shows did just keep laureate] Milton Friedman, or [jurist] was no good, existing vehicle by which getting better and better. Robert Bork. Those were terrific pro-

6 grams. But it is hard to sustain energy tor’s perspective, I think George Shultz tertainment. The window for our kind and interest with only two people on was amazing. There was something of program was slowly shutting, and it the set. So we tended to think of the about the camera picking up so much was time to take our bows. show as needing and being best with that he did not say with words. Free: I think in the end, the show two guests. Robinson: You’d sit at the table on succeeded beyond expectations and got Free: Sometimes we would go in the set and think it was just another in- Hoover and its fellows and its scholar- thinking that a show would be very terview. And Bill and his crew would ship in the public eye, and that’s a good difficult because of the guest or the come out of the control room and say, thing. topic and we’d be surprised. It’d turn “That was great!” Q: What of the legacy of Uncommon out to be just great. [U.S. secretary of state] Condoleezza Knowledge? Robinson: It almost became a rule Rice was another. It was a good show, Robinson: We have a great body of that if I thought it would be excruciat- focusing on Russia, and when it was all knowledge in the programs themselves. ingly hard work, it turned out just fine. over, Bill walked out and said “Condi And, as a result of the program, Q: Could you share with us some of on TV is just magic!” Hoover did acquire the Firing Line your experiences with those famous Q: And, yet, despite the magic, Un- footage, too. and fascinating guests? common Knowledge has ended its run. The Uncommon Knowledge tapes all Robinson: Milton Friedman was just Why is that? go to the Hoover Archives, and this so good, and he knows so much, and Free: The show had really run its will be an important record of what he could explain the complexity of eco- course. Television changed over that people were dealing with and dis- nomics so well. Tom Wolfe, whom I time. Cable television really came in cussing in America in the 1990s and in have always liked, was just fascinating. strong, news coverage on all the chan- the aftermath of 9/11. It is a strong and And Christopher Hitchens, well there’s nels went 24/7. The time was right 10 enviable record of history. I’m happy no other person with whom I so thor- years ago, but the medium changed. that the show contributed something oughly disagree but truly enjoy. Robinson: Television has a much to the public conversation and will be Free: From a producer’s and direc- larger appetite, a huge appetite, for en- preserved for scholars in the future.

NATIONAL FELLOWS AND NATIONAL and significant research project at the Hoover Institution. ECURITY FFAIRS ELLOWS FOR The National Fellows Program has awarded nearly 400 fel- S A F lowships to outstanding scholars from universities across the 2005–6 ANNOUNCED United States and Canada. oover Institution director John Raisian has announced The program is administered by Hoover deputy director Hthe recipients of the annual postdoctoral W. Glenn David Brady, serving as the program’s executive secretary, as- Campbell and Rita Ricardo-Campbell National Fellows sisted by Joy Kelley. Program for the 2005–6 academic year. The 2005–6 fellows, academic affiliations, and topics are Recognized as one of the preeminent fellowships in the Laura N. Beny, University of Michigan Law School; “The United States, the program, now completing its 33rd year, Political Economy of Capital Account Liberalization” provides scholars an opportunity to spend one year at the Liran Einav, Department of Economics, Stanford Universi- Hoover Institution conducting independent research on ty; “Estimating Risk and Risk Preferences in Insurance current or historical public policy issues. Markets” The national fellows use the release time from teaching to advance their professional careers by completing an original continued on page 12

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www.hoover.org Comprehensive information about the Institution, its fellows, work, scholarly output, The Hoover Institution Newsletter is published quarterly and distributed by the and outreach Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6010, 650/723- www.hooverdigest.org Quarterly Hoover Digest available online 0603, fax, 650/725-8611. ©2005 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stan- ford Junior University. Send comments and requests for information to www.educationnext.org Presents the facts about education reform, gives voice—without fear or favor—to Newsletter Editor Michele M. Horaney, APR, Manager of Public Affairs. Staff: worthy research, sound ideas, and responsible arguments. Public Affairs Writer: LaNor Maune, Newsletter Production: Wm Freeman, www.policyreview.org Is the preeminent publication for new and serious thinking and writing about the Stanford Design Group. The Hoover Institution Home Page is on the World issues of our day. At this site find select articles from the current issue as well as an Wide Web at www.hoover.org. archive of back issues, subscription information, and useful links to other websites. The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University, www.chinaleadershipmonitor.org Seeks to inform the American foreign policy community about current trends in founded in 1919 by Herbert Hoover, is one of the leading centers in the world China's leadership politics and in its foreign and domestic policies. devoted to interdisciplinary scholarship in domestic and international affairs.

7 B OARD OF O VERSEERS

INSTITUTION'S ACHIEVEMENTS DISCUSSED, CRUCIAL POLICY ISSUES ADDRESSED AT BOARD OF OVERSEERS MEETING

oover Institution director John Raisian current system and replace it with their Hspoke of the institution’s accomplish- own system. He concluded by saying we ments and plans for growth in his overview have not had a religious war in centuries at this year’s Board of Overseers meeting and “that our system is not designed to July 13 and 14. handle it, our laws are not designed Raisian pointed to the remarkable success to handle it, our minds are not designed to of the Koret Task Force on K–12 Education handle it, and the idea of religious war is so in developing the American Education Insti- appalling that we do not want to talk about tutions initiative, an approach, according to it openly.” Raisian, that could be a model for the other Hanson outlined the wars that the United initiatives. In its first year the task force pro- States and its allies have fought in the duced edited works and op-eds. Now going Christopher Buckley Middle East since the early 1990s. The first into its seventh year, in addition to those one, in 1991, referred to as the Gulf War, publications, task force members produce a had the wrong objective, Hanson said; it quarterly magazine, Education Next, appear should not have been solely about Saddam regularly on radio and television, advise Hussein in Kuwait but rather who Saddam state governments on education reform, and Hussein was. This first war was followed provide testimony to Congress. by the No-Fly-Zone-War or what then sec- This year’s meeting also included talks by retary of state Madeleine Albright called Hoover fellows and editors from the Wall “keeping Saddam in his box.” During Street Journal. Topics included the impor- March and April 2003 the United States tance of the West’s engagement in Iraq, the and its allies returned to remove Saddam United States monetary policy and econom- Hussein. This third conventional war, ic outlook, obstacles to public policy Daniel Henninger Hanson said, did not address the root making, the work of the library and causes that he identified as “a Soviet-style archives, children’s literature, and the conse- Baathist socialism imposed by force on a quences of bad information. tribal society that had led to a failed state.” “In the 1990s [the West] relaxed, we In his overview of “U.S. Monetary Policy thought the challenges had been turned and Economic Outlook” Robert Barro, back,” said Charles Hill, Hoover research Hoover senior fellow and Harvard econo- fellow. “We thought we saw a peace divi- mist, had a generally optimistic outlook dend, and, in the course of this neglect, we marred only by what he sees as a lack of let the international state system deterio- fiscal discipline, especially in regard to ex- rate.” Hill and Hoover senior fellow Victor penditures. He repeated a quote, circulating Davis Hanson presented their views on the in Washington, D.C., “that Ronald Reagan United States involvement in Iraq in the first John Raisian proved budget deficits don’t matter.” session, “What’s Really at Stake in Iraq.” Barro, however, believes that it’s better if The coverage of recent acts by terrorists, people think budget deficits are terrible which has many calling for withdrawal from because then they have a lot of incentive to the Middle East, suggests that the media do hold down expenditures. not understand what is going on, Hill said. In “Why Washington Doesn’t Work— He listed acts by terrorists going back to the and Why it Matters,” Alan Murray, an as- early twentieth century. “Whatever is going sistant managing editor at the Wall Street on is not because we are in Iraq today.” He Journal, said that during his 25 years in attributes terrorism to the desire on the part Washington, D.C., “the political culture of of the perpetrators to oppose the interna- Washington has gone steadily downhill.” tional system of states. Hill stated that The decline in civil relations among Wash- Islamic terrorists are trying to destroy the Tunku Varadarajan ington leaders, Murray believes, hinders

8 B OARD OF O VERSEERS continued from page 8 NEW LEADERSHIP, MEMBERS ELECTED public policy development. “Some view gridlock as great,” TO BOARD OF OVERSEERS Murray said, that “nothing bad can happen if nothing happens.” The obvious rebuttal to that he pointed out is Sep- tember 11, but there are also business concerns. “Increasing eter Bedford was elected chairman of the Hoover Institu- reliance on markets,” Murray added, “requires increasing Ption’s Board of Overseers and David Traitel was elected leadership coming out of Washington.” vice-chairman, effective September 1, when the board held Anatol Shmelev, a curator and Hoover research fellow, ex- its annual meeting on July 14 on the Stanford campus. hibited forged documents from the archives in his presenta- Peter B. Bedford is chairman and chief executive officer of tion “Imposters in the Archives: Unmasking Forged Docu- Bedford Property Investors. ments and Political Intrigue.” The documents on display in- David Traitel is president of Traitel Holding Corporation. cluded falsified passports to establish identities for spies, Also elected to the board were photographs that were retouched to remove people to revise • Esmail Amid-Hozour, chief executive officer and president history, and textbooks based on lies to promote the racist of Etón Corporation views of government leaders. The materials are kept, • Javier Arango, trustee of the Aramont Foundation Shmelev said, for researchers who can better understand the • William Blount, senior vice-president for UBS Financial context and to uncover and expose these falsehoods. Services In “Uncle Sam I Am: Dr. Seuss and the American Identity • James J. Bochnowski, founder and general partner of (a Not Entirely Frivolous Look at How Good Children’s Delphi Ventures Books Make Good Citizens),” Tunku Varadarajan, Wall • Harry A. Collins, chairman of Collins Development Street Journal editorial features editor, discussed how Amer- Company ican children’s books influence and reflect our national char- • James Conley, chairman and president of Conley Publish- acter. ing Group The value of information we receive through media outlets • William F. Cronk, former president of Dreyer’s Grand Ice was questioned by Daniel Henninger, Wall Street Journal Cream, Inc. deputy editor, in “A Gresham’s Law of Information: Is Bad • Cynthia Fry Gunn, former editor of The Portable Stanford Information Driving Out Good Information?” Beginning in • Janice Ogden Lindus, charitable and civic leader the 1970s, Henninger • Donald L. Lucas, said, newspapers added founder of Lucas Trust more analysis to their Ventures coverage in order to • Harold M. Messmer compete with television, Jr., chairman and chief which had eroded their executive officer of readership. The result, he Robert Half Internation- said, “is that there’s not al, Inc. much news on the news.” • Robert J. Oster, The dinner speaker was private venture investor Christopher Buckley, one • Kathleen (“Cab”) of the country’s leading Victor Davis Hanson (right) with Robert Barro Rogers, charitable and humorists and satirists. Charles Hill, at left civic leader The author of eleven • Thomas M. Siebel, books, many of them na- chairman of Siebel tional best sellers, Systems Buckley is also the found- • Robert D. Stuart Jr. of ing editor of Forbes FYI. the Stuart Foundation Holding no target sacred, and former U.S. ambas- he entertained the audi- sador to Norway ence with a perceptive • Victor Ugolyn, presi- and witty commentary dent and chief executive on national politics and officer of William D. world affairs. Outgoing board chairman Kurt Witter, Inc. Alan Murray Hauser

9 H OOVER ON THE A IR

Senior Fellow Thomas Henriksen vvv discussed North Korea’s late-Septem- Research Fellow Tod Lindberg ber announcement that it would halt commented on forthcoming elections its nuclear weapons program on Larry in Iraq and the Iraqi constitution on Mantle’s Air Talk on KPCC radio All Things Considered (National (NPR), Los Angeles, on September 20. Public Radio) on August 9.

vvv vvv Senior Fellow Abraham Sofaer dis- Research Fellow Henry Miller dis- cussed the need for the United States to vember ballot in California on KNTV cussed controversial drugs and remain in Iraq on KPIX TV (CBS) San (NBC), San Francisco. actions taken by the Federal Drug Francisco on August 24. Whalen also discussed the fragmenta- Administration with Neil Cavuto on Sofaer also addressed the appoint- tion of the AFL-CIO union on KNTV- Your World with Neil Cavuto on Fox ment of John Bolton as U.S. ambassa- TV (NBC) on July 28. News on August 9. dor to the United Nations on The Diane Rehm Show (nationally syndi- vvv vvv cated) on August 2 and on The News- Senior Fellow Richard Epstein ad- Senior Fellow Gerald Dorfman dis- hour with Jim Lehrer (Public Broad- dressed the lawsuit settlement involving cussed terrorist bombings in London casting Service) on August 1. Merck Pharmaceuticals and the drug on KCBS radio (CBS), San Francisco, Vioxx on Kudlow & Company on on July 28. Research Fellow Donald vvv CNBC on August 23. Abenheim discussed the same topic Research Fellow William Whalen on KCBS radio on July 22. was interviewed about protests against vvv businesses connected to California Research Fellow Williamson Evers dis- vvv governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on cussed attempts to approve an Iraqi con- The revaluation of China’s curren- KGO TV (ABC), San Francisco, on stitution on KNTV (NBC), San Francis- cy was addressed by Senior Fellow August 24. On August 14, he com- co, on August 16 and KGO-TV (ABC), Ramon Myers on KTVU-TV (Fox), mented about initiatives on the No- San Francisco, on August 22 and 23. San Francisco, on July 22.

KEVIN MURPHY heart disease and cancer, investment in He received the John Bates Clark basic health research and care results Medal from the American Economic in orders of magnitude returns in eco- Association, which is given once every continued from page 1 nomic value. In these areas, and many two years to the outstanding American others, Murphy challenges precon- economist under the age of 40. He also perspective. Contrary to widely held ceived notions and attacks seemingly received a Sloan Foundation Fellow- beliefs that addiction distorts econom- intractable economic questions, ship and an Earhart Foundation Fel- ic judgment, Murphy and his col- placing them on a sound empirical and lowship. leagues developed a model of “rational theoretical footing. MacArthur Fellows, who each addiction,” in which consumers antici- Murphy received an A.B. degree receive $500,000 in “no strings at- pate the expected future consequences (1981) from the University of Califor- tached” support over the next five of their current actions; he developed nia, Los Angeles, and a Ph.D. degree years, are selected for their creativity, empirical analyses supporting this (1986) from the University of Chicago. originality, and potential. By providing model from data on cigarette con- He is the author of numerous articles, resources without stipulations or re- sumption. Using his model in conjunc- appearing in such publications as the porting requirements, the MacArthur tion with a structural analysis of the in- Journal of Law and Economics, Foundation offers the opportunity for dustry, Murphy explained the counter- Journal of Political Economy, and fellows to accelerate their current ac- intuitive observation of increasing American Economic Review. He is also tivities or take their work in new direc- profits for cigarette manufacturers the coauthor of Social Economics: tions. The unusual level of indepen- despite decreasing demand for their Market Behavior in a Social Environ- dence afforded to the fellows under- products. ment (2000) and coeditor of Measur- scores the spirit of freedom intrinsic to More recently, he has shown that, ing the Gains from Medical Research: creative endeavors, according to the particularly for conditions such as An Economic Approach (2003). foundation.

10 HOOVER’S NOBEL LAUREATES ADDRESS CLASSIC QUESTIONS OF ECONOMICS AT BREAKFAST BRIEFING

hat is needed to keep prices Friedman re- “Wstable is the will to do so,” ceived the Nobel said Milton Friedman, Hoover fellow, Prize in 1976 “for in his remarks at a breakfast briefing his achievements in hosted by the Hoover Institution on the fields of con- September 20. sumption analysis, Friedman, Gary Becker, and Michael monetary history Spence, all Hoover fellows who are and theory and for also Nobel laureates, were featured his demonstration speakers at the event. of the complexity “The Federal Reserve System, in ex- of stabilization istence since 1914, did a terrible job policy.” A senior Nobel laureates (from left to right) Milton Friedman, Gary the first 70 years or so,” said Fried- research fellow at Becker, and Michael Spence discuss issues on September 20. man. He said that the Federal Reserve the Hoover Institu- has been doing much better over the tion, he is also the Paul Snowden Nobel Prize in 1992 “for having ex- past 20 years. As he explained, the Russell Distinguished Service Professor tended the domain of microeconomic main function of the Federal Reserve is Emeritus of Economics at the Universi- analysis to a wide range of human be- to preserve price stability and during ty of Chicago, where he taught from havior and interaction, including non- the past 20 years inflation has been 1946 to 1976, and was a member of market behavior.” almost horizontal. He attributes this, the research staff of the National Becker noted three shocks that have in part, to the Federal Reserve chair- Bureau of Economic Research from occurred in the oil industry: the first in man, Alan Greenspan, but believes it is 1937 to 1981. the 1970s when OPEC formed, the wrong to attribute the change to him Taking into consideration the rising second in the 1980s during the Iran- alone because the same thing has hap- cost of gasoline, Becker discussed the Iraq war, and the one that is occurring pened elsewhere. What changed, Fried- causes and solutions to this problem. now. The first two could be attributed man believes, is that central banks Becker, who won the Nobel Prize in to a reduction in supply, but this is not became persuaded that they could be 1992, is the Rose-Marie and Jack R. the case now, when the supply has ac- architects of inflation and, as long as Anderson Senior Fellow at the Hoover tually increased. He suggested that this they remain focused on this, that they Institution and a professor at the Uni- current problem is due to demand, not can keep prices stable. versity of Chicago. He received the supply. He cautioned against proposed continued on page 15

HOOVER HOSTS VISITS AND DISCUSSIONS BY FOREIGN DIGNITARIES

Romanian Latvian Foreign President Minister

Romanian president Latvian foreign Traian Basescu (right) minister Artis Pabriks listens as East European discusses changes in curator Maciej the political and Siekierski describes economic situation Hoover's Romanian in his country during archival holdings. a visit on September Basescu visited Hoover 21. He also met with and Stanford University Stanford University on September 15. faculty members.

11 H OOVER I N P RINT

enact treaties, stop genocide, and provide vvv relief. All the high-minded reforms on We need sweeping FDA [Food and the table will not—and should not— Drug Administration] reform. First, transform the United Nations from de- we need to insulate policy-making and bating society to a fast-action team. decisions on individual products from vvv n David Davenport, research fellow, politics insofar as that is possible. The real problem is political. Charter San Francisco Chronicle, Second, we need to make regulators’ schools are political orphans, whose September 21 decisions more scientific and evidence- founders lack the cash and clout of teach- vvv based. Third, we need to improve ers unions. What’s needed are more It is a scandal that our students leave pharmaco-vigilance—the monitoring politicians with the backbone to stand up high school with little or no knowledge of the safety of already-marketed for the most vulnerable students against of the most important events, ideas, insti- drugs—by enhancing regulators’ the union monopolists who want to deny tutions, and individuals in U.S. or world access to more and better data. Finally, poor kids a genuine charter choice. history. The legislature should be deeply and most important, we need to n Chester E. Finn Jr., senior fellow, concerned about this ignorance. As redress the culture of excessive risk- Wall Street Journal, August 29 Thomas Jefferson wrote, “If a nation aversion and defensiveness that per- vvv expects to be ignorant and free, in a state vades the FDA. Sixty years after its founding, let’s give of civilization, it expects what never was n Henry I. Miller, research fellow, the United Nations high marks as an in- and never will be.” San Diego Union-Tribune, ternational forum. But the action bodies n Diane Ravitch, distinguished September 2 of the 21st century are coalitions of the visiting fellow, New York Sun, willing, nations with common values August 26 who will join together to create courts,

ATIONAL ELLOWS intensive study at Hoover. Since the program began in 1969, N F more than 100 people have participated in it. The program is also administered by Hoover associate di- rector David Brady, who serves as the program’s executive continued from page 7 secretary, assisted by Joy Kelley. Anders Frederiksen, Aarhus School of Business; “Econom- This year’s participants are ic Incentives in Firms” Lieutenant Colonel Brian K. Buckles from the U. S. Cheryl Long, Department of Economics, Colgate Universi- Marine Corps. The topic of his research is the evolution of ty; “Stock Market, Corporate Governance, and Labor Chinese national defense in the past decade. Market for Managerial Talents in China” Commander James E. Fanell from the Department of the Petra Moser, Department of Economics, Massachusetts In- Navy. His research will focus on China’s increasing energy stitute of Technology; “What Do Inventors Patent?” requirements, the effect this will have on its naval growth, Heiner Schulz, Department of Political Science, University and the subsequent impact on stability in the Asia Pacific of Pennsylvania; “The Political Determinants of Foreign region. Direct Investment in Developing Countries” Colonel William C. Hix from the Department of the Army. Kenneth W. Shotts, Graduate School of Business, Stanford His research will focus on the formulation and implementa- University; “Political Leadership” tion of wartime strategies in the early twenty-first century. J Alexander Thier, “Nation-Building in Afghanistan and Jonathan Moore from the Department of State. His re- Beyond” search will focus on the practice of transformational diplo- The Susan Louise Dyer Peace Fellow for 2005–6 is Ashley macy, with particular reference to the president’s Emergency Leeds, Department of Political Science, Rice University; “Re- Plan for AIDS Relief. liable Allies: Treaty Compliance in Times of War” Lieutenant Colonel Scott F. Smith from the Department of vvv the Air Force. His research will examine Department of Hoover director John Raisian also announced those who Defense and Department of Homeland Security coordination will participate in the National Security Affairs Fellows and cooperation toward effective national defense, with an Program in the 2005–6 academic year. emphasis on domestic use of military assets. That program offers representatives of the U.S. military and government agencies the opportunity to spend a year in

12 USSIAN INISTER OF “There are no places now for Byzan- litical] changes on our own and only R M tine politics. Everyone understands we can guarantee [these changes].” FOREIGN AFFAIRS that Russia in the post-Soviet era Lavrov also paid tribute to the works cannot be developed without trans- of Alexis de Toqueville, whose writings continued from page 1 parency, mutual respect, and due and philosophy provide the foundation regard between groups and parties. of much thinking around the world secretary of state and the Thomas W. “The ideological approach is an ob- about democracy. He complimented and Susan B. Ford Distinguished stacle and we know that we need a the Hoover Institution for its large and Fellow at the Hoover Institution. great deal of tolerance and respect. renowned archival collection and “Due to the shock of September 11, “We understand the United States preservation of Russian materials and the world has changed forever,” has a legitimate interest in the post- artifacts. Lavrov told the group of 300 at his Soviet Russia, and we, too, only want Lavrov was in the Bay Area at the talk. “We have abandoned ideology in the methods to promote interests to be end of a United States tour, which favor of common sense. The new transparent. started with attending the 60th session [Russian] republic has found itself on “Democracy and the market of the United Nations General Assem- the side of healthy conservative forces economy have no alternative,” Lavrov bly in New York with Russian presi- in the world community. said. “We made the [economic and po- dent Vladimir Putin.

At Hoover, he continued his JAMES STOCKDALE DIES AT 81 work on the Greek philosophers and was the author of three works etired Vice Admiral James Stockdale, a Hoover Institu- published by Hoover Institution Rtion fellow from 1981 to 1996, Ross Perot’s 1992 presi- Press: Thoughts of a Philosophical dential running mate, and a recipient of the Medal of Honor Fighter Pilot (1995), A Vietnam after enduring seven and a half years as a prisoner of war in Experience: Ten Years of Reflection North Vietnam, died Tuesday, July 5, at his home in Corona- (1984), and Courage under Fire: do, California. He was 81. Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Shot down on September 9, 1965, while on a mission over Laboratory of Human Behavior North Vietnam, Stockdale was taken to Hoa Lo Prison, the (Hoover Institution Essays, No. 6, “Hanoi Hilton.” His efforts to keep the enemy from using him 1993). James Stockdale for their purposes won him the Medal of Honor. A Vietnam Experience won the Born in Abingdon, Illinois, Stockdale graduated from the 1985 Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge Honor Prize for U.S. Naval Academy in 1946 and married his wife, Sybil, the Books. following year. In the early 1960s, the navy sent him to earn a He also was the subject of Stockdale Triumphs: A Return to master’s degree at Stanford University, where he became en- Vietnam, a television documentary about his first trip back to amored of the Greek stoic philosophers who helped sustain Vietnam in 1994. him in his ordeals later in life. He and his wife, Sybil, were the coauthors of In Love and During the Vietnam War, he was a navy fighter pilot based War (Harper and Row, 1984; 2nd edition: Naval Institute on the USS Oriskany and flew 201 missions before he was Press, 1990). In early 1987, an NBC television movie version shot down in his A4. He became the highest-ranking naval of the book was viewed by more than 45 million Americans. officer captured during the war, according to the navy. Stockdale came to know Ross Perot through Sybil Stock- Stockdale received 26 combat decorations, including the dale’s work establishing an organization on behalf of families Medal of Honor, the nation’s highest medal for valor, in 1976. of prisoners held during the Vietnam War. He said he decided He had the distinction of being the only three-star officer in to run as Perot’s running mate to repay his debt to Perot, who the history of the navy to wear both aviator wings and the had worked to help free POWs in Vietnam. Medal of Honor. Among his other combat decorations were Survivors include his wife, four sons—James of Beaver, two Distinguished Flying Crosses, three Distinguished Service Pennsylvania; Sidney of Albuquerque; Stanford of Denver; Medals, four Silver Star Medals, and two Purple Hearts. and Taylor of Claremont, California—and eight grandchil- Stockdale retired from the military in 1979 to become pres- dren. ident of the Citadel, a military college in South Carolina. He He and his life were honored July 16 aboard the carrier left in 1981 to become a senior research fellow at the Hoover Ronald Reagan at North Island Naval Air Station in Corona- Institution at Stanford. do. He was buried at the Naval Academy on July 23.

13 R ECENT R ELEASES

Drug War Deadlock: The Policy Battle The Future of American Intelligence Remaking Domestic Intelligence Continues Edited by Peter Berkowitz by Richard A. Posner Edited by Laura Huggins ISBN: 0-8179-4662-4 ISBN: 0-8179-4682-9 ISBN: 0-8179-4652-7 Since the surprise attacks of 9/11 the The author of Preventing Surprise Is it time to call a cease-fire in the war question of intelligence reform has Attacks: Intelligence Reform in the Wake on drugs? In Drug War Deadlock: The galvanized public attention. The of 9/11 (Rowman & Littlefield, 2005) Policy Battle Continues (Hoover Insti- debate about the future of American follows up that analysis with an equally tution Press, 2005), edited by Hoover intelligence has only just begun. compelling argument for reforming the research fellow Laura E. Huggins, the In The Future of American Intelli- FBI. In the monograph Remaking Domes- history, moral implications, legal gence (Hoover Institution Press, tic Intelligence (Hoover Institution Press, issues, and possibility of reforming 2005), edited by Hoover research 2005), Richard Posner develops the case current drug laws are examined. fellow Peter Berkowitz, the issues at for reform and makes concrete proposals “This approach does not attempt to the forefront of this debate are to improve the way in which the United tackle every issue relating to illegal refined and advanced. The book fea- States responds to outside threats. drugs,” Huggins writes. “Rather the tures “The danger of terrorist acts committed aim is to offer the reader a concise view • “The Era of Armed Groups,” by on the soil of the United States has not of divergent viewpoints pertaining to Richard Shultz of the Fletcher abated despite strenuous efforts to drug policy.” School of Law and Democracy improve homeland security,” states Part one of the volume probes the • “Truth to Power: Rethinking Intel- Posner. He evaluates the performance of history of America’s drug war from ligence Analysis,” by Gary the FBI leading up to and following 9/11 both sides of the battlefield and out- Schmitt, executive director of the and recommendations of the Commission lines the U.S. drug policy. Project for the New American on the Intelligence Capabilities of the Part two delves into the significant Century United States regarding Weapons of Mass divide over the moral implication of • “Restructuring the Intelligence Destruction and outlines his views on pre- drug use. This section also investigates Community,” by Gordon Leder- venting terrorist attacks in this country. such questions as whether adults have a man, staff member of the 9/11 He proposes to develop a domestic intel- moral right to use drugs for recreation- Commission ligence agency—modeled on the Canadian al purposes. • “A New Clandestine Service: The Security Intelligence Service, separate from The important question of the nature Case for Creative Destruction,” by the FBI and with no authority to engage in and limits of power that can be legiti- mately exercised by society over the in- Reuel Gerecht, American Enter- law enforcement—to focus on gathering dividual is addressed in part three. In prise Institute fellow information with which to identify terror- part four the arguments narrow in on • “The Role of Science and Technol- ists. three avenues for drug policy reform. ogy in Transforming American In- Posner is a judge on the U.S. Court of Part five explores the debate over telligence,” by Kevin O’Connell, Appeals in Chicago and a senior lecturer marijuana prohibition. Part six ex- director of the Center for Intelli- at the University of Chicago Law School. plores the pros and cons of Europe’s gence Research and Analysis. He has authored hundreds of articles more liberal drug policies and how they Berkowitz also is the editor of Ter- and nearly four dozen books on matters of might be applied to the United States. rorism, the Laws of War, and the public policy, including Catastrophe: Risk The final part presents options on how Constitution: Debating the Enemy and Response (2004) and Breaking the to address the nation’s drug problems Combatant Cases (Hoover Institution Deadlock: The 2000 Election, the Consti- and end the war on drugs. Press, 2005). tution, and the Courts (2001).

14 R ECENT R ELEASES

NOBEL LAUREATES ADDRESS CLASSIC QUESTIONS

continued from page 11 actions such as rationing or regulating the price of gasoline. “The right way is to allow the consequences of the price to affect the quantity used,” Becker said. A Wealth of Ideas: Revelations from the Do As I Say (Not As I Do): Profiles in In his remarks, Spence assessed the Hoover Institution Archives Liberal Hypocrisy (hardcover) future of China in light of its recent ex- by Bertrand M. Patenaude by Peter Schweizer plosive growth. Displaying a chart of ISBN: 0-8047-4727-X ISBN: 0-3855-1349-6 China’s economic activity during the The remarkable documentary collec- “I don’t own a single share of stock.” past 25 years, Spence noted that the tions of the Hoover Institution Archives —Michael Moore country has shown tremendous are for the first time showcased for the Members of the liberal left exude an air growth. He attributed the growth, in reading public, in the form of a large- of moral certitude, writes Peter Schweiz- part, to market reforms in agriculture format book of illustrations and accom- er in Do As I Say (Not as I Do) (Double- starting in 1978, the opening up of panying text. day, 2005). They pride themselves on manufacturing and foreign direct in- Drawing on the Institution’s vast being selflessly committed to the highest vestment in the mid-1980s that came trove of rare historical documents and ideals and seem particularly confident of to full force in the 1990s, and skillful artifacts, A Wealth of Ideas (Stanford the purity of their motives and the evil policy navigation in a transitional University Press, 2006) by Hoover Insti- nature of their opponents. economy. These changes, he said, have tution research fellow Bertrand Pate- To correct economic and social injus- been characterized by pragmatism and naude tells the story of the Institution tice, liberals support a whole litany of gradualism. The next set of challenges policies and principles: progressive taxes, and its treasures and of its evolving role for the country, Spence said, will affirmative action, greater regulation of in the history of Stanford University. include maintaining high growth, ex- corporations, raising the inheritance tax, The result is a visually attractive, engag- panding capital markets, managing the strict environmental regulations, chil- ingly written, and altogether thought- exchange rate, diversifying the sources dren’s rights, consumer rights, and much, provoking book that also stands as a of growth, and coping with environ- much more, he says. work of quality scholarship. mental problems. “There are a lot of But do they actually live by these The subject matter is epic in scale, things to do in a complex market,” he beliefs? Schweizer investigated in depth covering the great wars, revolutions, concluded. He does not expect the the private lives of some prominent liber- political and intellectual movements, Chinese government to do anything als: politicians such as the Clintons, the and personalities of the twentieth Kennedys, and Ralph Nader; commenta- dramatic or do anything under pres- century. tors such as Michael Moore, Al Franken, sure. The impressive cast of characters in- Noam Chomsky, and Cornel West; and Spence is a senior fellow at the cludes many of the most influential entertainers and philanthropists such as Hoover Institution and the Philip H. figures of the age, among them Barbra Streisand and George Soros. Knight Professor Emeritus of Manage- Woodrow Wilson and Lev Trotsky, Using public statements and public ment in the Graduate School of Busi- Friedrich von Hayek and Jane Addams, records, he sought to examine whether ness at Stanford University. The Nobel Karl Popper and Teddy Roosevelt, they really live by the principles they so Prize was awarded to him in 2001 for Chiang Kai-shek and Boris Pasternak, confidently advocate. their “analyses of markets with asym- and Werner Heisenberg and John Schweizer’s finding: liberalism in the metric information.” Maynard Keynes. end forces its adherents to become hyp- The event was cosponsored by the The book includes nearly 300 illustra- ocrites. And he exposes what he believes consulates general of Norway and tions, including political posters, photo- is the contradiction at the core of liberal- Sweden in connection with the Nobel graphs, film stills, original artwork, and ism: If these ideas don’t work for the very Prize Exhibition, which was open to typed and holograph public and private individuals who promote them, how can the public at the Exploratorium in San manuscripts, letters, and diaries. they work for the rest of us? Francisco through October 2.

15 MEDIA FELLOWS PROGRAM RENAMED IN HONOR OF WILLIAM C. AND BARBARA H. EDWARDS

n recognition of the generous support provided by Bowes, Charlie Johnson, and Tad and Cici Williamson in IWilliam C. and Barbara H. Edwards to the Hoover In- addition to the Edwardses. stitution’s Media Fellows Program, that program has been The William C. and Barbara H. Edwards Media Fellows named in their honor. Program invites print and broadcast media professionals “To recognize the Edwardses’ efforts, and to acknowl- to spend time in residence at the Hoover Institution. edge the significant funding arrangements they have Media fellows have the opportunity to exchange informa- made, I am pleased to announce that the program will tion and perspectives with Hoover scholars through semi- now be known as the William C. and Barbara H. Edwards nars and informal meetings and with the Hoover and Media Fellows Program at the Hoover Institution,” said Stanford communities in public lectures. Since its incep- John Raisian, director. “Ongoing expendable gifts will be tion, the program has hosted 275 journalists from print, required to sustain the program, but the Edwardses’ television, and radio. support will provide a permanent nucleus of funding.” Further, among the 70 or so media fellows engaged each The program, Raisian said, has become a significant year, about a third are “alumni,” which enhances contin- part of the culture of the Hoover Institution, wherein the uing relationships with these distinguished journalists. Institution brings together Hoover “idea generators” and Previous media fellows include Pulitzer Prize–winning professional communicators who have a common interest author and Washington Post columnist Anne Applebaum, in pursuing a public policy dialogue. Norah O’Donnell, chief White House correspondent for “The involvement of media professionals was revived MSNBC News, and author and columnist David Brooks, about 10 years ago through the leadership of key over- with the New York Times. seers,” Raisian said, noting the contributions of Bill

HOOVER INSTITUTION NON-PROFIT ORG. STANFORD UNIVERSITY U.S. POSTAGE PAID TANFORD S , CA 94305-6010 PERMIT NO. 114 PALO ALTO,CA

IDEAS DEFINING A FREE SOCIETY …investing in knowledge and scholarship