Biology Final Review (by Chapter)

Mr. Jurey

Final is weighted heavily towards the 2nd half of the year, but there are questions from the 1st and 2nd nine weeks. A thorough review of homework packets, note packets, and the book will give you the best chance at a good grade!

*** This review sheet is meant to act as a supplement to your final preparation and is in no way meant to be used by itself! IT IS NOT ALL INCLUSIVE***

1.) What is biology? Life? Scientific method

Scientists: Redi, Spalanzani, Pasteur

Terms: inference, quantitative, qualitative, theory, hypothesis

Concepts: spontaneous generation

2.) Ecology

Terms: community, species, population, symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, ecosystem, primary succession, secondary succession

Concepts: food webs/chains, energy pyramid

3.) Intro to Chemistry

Terms: radical, carboxyl, hydroxyl, amine, methyl

4.) Macromolecules (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins)

Terms: glucose, fructose, lactose, galactose, maltose, sucrose, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, amino acid, glycerol, fatty acid

5.) Cells

Terms: nucleus, nucleolus, ribosome, smooth/rough ER, cell membrane, cell wall, golgi body, chloroplast, chlorophyll, chromoplast, leucoplast, mitochondria, chromosome

Concepts: Cell Theory

6.) DNA

Scientists: Wilkins, Franklin, Watson, Crick, Chargaff

Terms: nucleotide, DNA, tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, transcription, translation, protein synthesis, RNA, base, DNA/RNA polymerase

Concepts: protein synthesis, DNA replication, Chargaff’s rules

7.) Mitosis/Meiosis

Terms: mitosis, meiosis, gamete, fertilization, germ cell, somatic cell, sex cell, zygote, interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase, spindle fibers, centromere, centriole

Concepts: mitosis, meiosis

8.) Genetics

Scientists: Gregor Mendel

Terms: dihybrid, monohybrid, hybrid, purebred, phenotype, genotype

Concepts: Tay Sach’s, Huntingtons, Sickle Cell, Achondroplasia , Albinism, Cystic Fibrosis, Polydactyly

9.) Evolution

Scientists: Charles Darwin, Charles Lyle, Thomas Malthus, Jean Baptiste LaMarck, Alfred Wallace, August Weismann

Terms: homologous, analogous, vestigial, embryology, microevolution, macroevolution, punctuated equilibrium, gradualism

Concepts: evidences for evolution, industrial melanism

10.) Cell respiration and Photosynthesis

Scientists: Van Helmont, Ingenhousz, Priestly

Terms: NADH, FADH2, ATP, ADP, chlorophyll, chloroplast, mitochondria, matrix, cristae, stroma, thylakoids, grana, glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, electron transport chain, fermentation

Concepts: light dependant and light independent reactions, glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, ETC, alcohol fermentation, lactic acid fermentation

11.) dissection

Terms: See lab packet. Know dissection terminology as well as relative locations and uses for muscle groups, organs, and external features

12.) Taxonomy

Scientists: Linnaeus

Terms: dichotomous key, classification, kingdom, phylum, class order, genus, species, taxonomy, animalia, plantae, bacteria, archeobacteria, monera, fungi

Concepts: hierarchy of taxonomy