Biology Final Review (by Chapter) Mr. Jurey Final is weighted heavily towards the 2nd half of the year, but there are questions from the 1st and 2nd nine weeks. A thorough review of homework packets, note packets, and the book will give you the best chance at a good grade! *** This review sheet is meant to act as a supplement to your final preparation and is in no way meant to be used by itself! IT IS NOT ALL INCLUSIVE*** 1.) What is biology? Life? Scientific method Scientists: Redi, Spalanzani, Pasteur Terms: inference, quantitative, qualitative, theory, hypothesis Concepts: spontaneous generation 2.) Ecology Terms: community, species, population, symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, ecosystem, primary succession, secondary succession Concepts: food webs/chains, energy pyramid 3.) Intro to Chemistry Terms: radical, carboxyl, hydroxyl, amine, methyl 4.) Macromolecules (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins) Terms: glucose, fructose, lactose, galactose, maltose, sucrose, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, amino acid, glycerol, fatty acid 5.) Cells Terms: nucleus, nucleolus, ribosome, smooth/rough ER, cell membrane, cell wall, golgi body, chloroplast, chlorophyll, chromoplast, leucoplast, mitochondria, chromosome Concepts: Cell Theory 6.) DNA Scientists: Wilkins, Franklin, Watson, Crick, Chargaff Terms: nucleotide, DNA, tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, transcription, translation, protein synthesis, RNA, base, DNA/RNA polymerase Concepts: protein synthesis, DNA replication, Chargaff’s rules 7.) Mitosis/Meiosis Terms: mitosis, meiosis, gamete, fertilization, germ cell, somatic cell, sex cell, zygote, interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase, spindle fibers, centromere, centriole Concepts: mitosis, meiosis 8.) Genetics Scientists: Gregor Mendel Terms: dihybrid, monohybrid, hybrid, purebred, phenotype, genotype Concepts: Tay Sach’s, Huntingtons, Sickle Cell, Achondroplasia , Albinism, Cystic Fibrosis, Polydactyly 9.) Evolution Scientists: Charles Darwin, Charles Lyle, Thomas Malthus, Jean Baptiste LaMarck, Alfred Wallace, August Weismann Terms: homologous, analogous, vestigial, embryology, microevolution, macroevolution, punctuated equilibrium, gradualism Concepts: evidences for evolution, industrial melanism 10.) Cell respiration and Photosynthesis Scientists: Van Helmont, Ingenhousz, Priestly Terms: NADH, FADH2, ATP, ADP, chlorophyll, chloroplast, mitochondria, matrix, cristae, stroma, thylakoids, grana, glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, electron transport chain, fermentation Concepts: light dependant and light independent reactions, glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, ETC, alcohol fermentation, lactic acid fermentation 11.) dissection Terms: See lab packet. Know dissection terminology as well as relative locations and uses for muscle groups, organs, and external features 12.) Taxonomy Scientists: Linnaeus Terms: dichotomous key, classification, kingdom, phylum, class order, genus, species, taxonomy, animalia, plantae, bacteria, archeobacteria, monera, fungi Concepts: hierarchy of taxonomy .