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Issn 1727-1320 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение “Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений” (ФГБНУ ВИЗР) ISSN 1727-1320 3(85) – 2015 Санкт-Петербург – Пушкин 2015 ВЕСТНИК ЗАЩИТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ УДК 632 Научно-теоретический рецензируемый журнал Основан в 1939 г. Издание возобновлено в 1999 г. Включен в Перечень ведущих рецензируемых научных журналов и изданий ВАК Учредитель Всероссийский НИИ защиты растений (ВИЗР) Зарегистрирован в ГК РФ по печати № 017839 от 03 июля 1998 г. Главный редактор В.А.Павлюшин Зам. гл. редактора В.И.Долженко Отв. секретарь В.Г.Иващенко Редакционный совет А.Н.Власенко, академик РАН, СибНИИЗХим В.А.Павлюшин, академик РАН, ВИЗР Патрик Гроотаерт, доктор наук, Бельгия С.Прушински, дбн., профессор, Польша Дзянь Синьфу, профессор, КНР Т.Ули-Маттила, профессор, Финляндия В.И.Долженко, академик РАН, ВИЗР Е.Е.Радченко, дбн, ВИР Ю.Т.Дьяков, дбн., профессор, МГУ И.В.Савченко, академик РАН, ВИЛАР В.А.Захаренко, академик РАН, МНИИСХ С.С.Санин, академик РАН, ВНИИФ С.Д.Каракотов, чл.корр. РАН, С.Ю.Синев, дбн, ЗИН ЗАО Щелково Агрохим К.Г.Скрябин, академик РАН, “Биоинженерия” В.Н.Мороховец, кбн., ДВНИИЗР М.С.Соколов, академик РАН, ВНИИФ В.Д.Надыкта, академик РАН, ВНИИБЗР С.В.Сорока, ксхн., Белоруссия РЕДАКЦИОННАЯ КОЛЛЕГИЯ О.С.Афанасенко, Г.А.Наседкина, кбн член-корреспондент РАН А.Ф.Зубков, дбн, проф. В.К.Моисеева (секр.), кбн И.А.Белоусов, кбн. В.Г.Иващенко, дбн, проф. Н.Н.Семенова, дбн Н.А.Белякова, кбн. М.М.Левитин, академик РАН Г.И.Сухорученко, дсхн, проф. Н.А.Вилкова, дсхн, проф. Н.Н.Лунева, кбн С.Л.Тютерев, дбн, проф. Н.Р.Гончаров, ксхн А.К.Лысов, ктн А.Н.Фролов, дбн, проф. И.Я.Гричанов, дбн И.В.Шамшев, кбн Редакция А.Ф.Зубков (зав. редакцией), И.Я.Гричанов, С.Г.Удалов Россия, 196608, Санкт-Петербург-Пушкин, шоссе Подбельского, 3, ВИЗР Email: [email protected], [email protected] www.vizr.spb.ru © Всероссийский НИИ защиты растений (ВИЗР) Вестник защиты растений 3(85) - 2015 3 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Cтруктура российских популяций гриба Puccinia triticina Eriks Е.И. Гультяева, Е.Л. Шайдаюк, И.А. Казарцев, М.К. Аристова . 5 Состояние, перспективы изучения и практического использования энтомопатогенных нематод (Steinernematidae) и их симбиотических бактерий (Xenorhabdus) против насекомых и возбудителей заболеваний растений Л.Г. Данилов, В.А. Павлюшин . 10 Особенности пищевой специализации паутинного клеща Tetranychus urticae Koch: влияние морфофизиологического состояния листьев разных ярусов огурца на поведение и развитие фитофага В.А. Раздобурдин, Г.Е. Сергеев . .15 Биологическая эффективность некоторых индукторов болезнеустойчивости в системе оздоровления и защиты картофеля от болезней в оригинальном семеноводстве Н.А. Павлова . 21 Плодовитость сорных растений различных типов и биогрупп в посевах и рудеральных экотопах О.Н. Курдюкова . 26 Внутривидовая структура локальных популяций вредной черепашки в Алтайском крае А.В. Капусткина, Л.И. Нефедова . 30 Сезонная динамика численности грушевой листоблошки (Psylla pyri L.) в Крыму Е.Б. Балыкина, Д.А. Корж, Л.П. Ягодинская . 34 Полушаровидная ложнощитовка Saissetia coffeae Walker в оранжерее Полярно-альпийского ботанического сада Н.С. Рак, С.В. Литвинова. 38 Комплексная вредоносность вредных организмов на яровой пшенице в Ленинградской области А.М. Шпанев . 41 Идентификация возбудителя белосоломенной гнили пшеницы (Gibellina cerealis) методом ПЦР Н.С. Пильщикова, Ф.Б. Ганнибал . 46 Медьсодержащие фунгициды для защиты яблони В.А. Хилевский, А.А. Зверев, О.В. Кунгурцева . .50 Особенности расселения колорадскуого жука на посадках картофеля и обработки инсектицидами в Северо-Западном регионе России Н.И. Наумова . 53 Краткие сообщения Инсектицидные свойства некоторых фитопатогенных аскомицетов А.О. Берестецкий, Л.С. Аполлонова, С.В. Сокорнова, Т.Д. Черменская . 56 Жизненные формы сорных растений Ленинградской области Е.Н. Белоусова, Н.Н. Лунева, Т.Д. Соколова . 59 Особенности развития партеногенетических морф черёмухово-злаковой тли Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) на различных образцах пшеницы Е.С. Гандрабур . 61 4 Вестник защиты растений 3(85) - 2015 // Plant Protection News, 2015, 3(85) CONTENT Structure of Russian populations of Puccinia triticina E.I. Gultyaeva, E.L. Shaidayuk, I.A. Kazartsev, M.K. Aristova. 5 Status and prospects of studying and practical use of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae) and their symbiotic bacteria (Xenorhabdus) against insects and plant pathogens L.G. Danilov, V.A. Pavlyshin . 10 Features of food specialization of Tetranychus urticae: the influence of morphophysiological condition of cucumber leaves of different circles on the behaviour and development of phytophage V.A. Razdoburdin, G.E. Sergeev. 15 Biological efficiency of some disease resistance inductors in the system of rehabilitation and protection of potato against diseases in original seedage N.A. Pavlova . 21 Fertility of weeds of different types and groups in crops and ruderal ecotopes O.N. Kurdyukova . 26 Intraspecific structure of local populations ofEurygaster integriceps in the Altai territory A.V. Kapustkina, L.I. Nefedova . 30 Psylla pyri seasonal population changes in the Crimea Е.B. Balykina, D.A. Korzh, L.P. Yagodinskaya . 34 Hemispherical scale Saissetia coffeae in greenhouse of the Polar-alpine botanical garden-institute N.S. Rak, S.V. Litvinova . 38 Complex harmfulness of pest organisms on spring wheat in Leningrad region A.M. Shpanev . 41 Identification of wheat false eyespot agentGibellina cerealis by use of PCR Pilshchikova N.S., Gannibal F.B. .46 Copper-bearing fungicides for apple-tree protection V.A. Khilevskii, A.A. Zverev, O.V. Kungurtseva . 50 Features of Colorado potato beetle spread on potato plantings and its insecticide control in the northwest region of Russia N.I. Naumova . 53 Brief Reports Insecticidal properties of phytopathogenic Ascomycetes А.О. Berestetskiy, L.S. Apollonova, S.V. Sokornova, T.D. Chermenskaya . 56 Vital forms of weed vegetation in the Leningrad region E.N. Belousova, N.N. Luneva, T.D. Sokolova. 59 Features of parthenogenetic morph development in Rhopalosiphum padi on various samples of wheat E.S. Gandrabur . 61 Гультяева Е.И и др. / Вестник защиты растений 3(85) – 2015, с. 5 – 10 5 УДК 632.4:582.284.21 CтРуктуРа Российских популяций гРиба Puccinia tRiticina Eriks е.и. гультяева, е.л. Шайдаюк, и.а. казарцев, М.к. аристова Всероссийский НИИ защиты растений, Санкт-Петербург Проведен анализ структуры популяций возбудителя бурой ржавчины пшеницы, собранных на территории РФ в 2011–2014 гг., по признакам вирулентности. Показана высокая эффективность гена Lr24. В западносибирских и уральских популяциях обнаружено нарастание численности изолятов, вирулентных к линиям пшеницы с геном Lr9. В 2013 г. впервые отмечено их появление в популяции ЦЧР, что может привести к поражению сортов, защищенных геном Lr9. Вирулентность к сортам пшеницы с геном Lr19 была высокой в Поволжье, но реже встречалась в других регионах. Сохраняется тенденция нарастания частоты вирулентности к линиям Lr1 в европейских популяциях. С использованием международного набора из 20 линий-дифференциаторов среди изученных 1232 монопустульных изолятов идентифицировано 113 фенотипов. Наиболее представленны расы TGTKT и THTKT. Отмечено высокое сходство по представленности фенотипов в западносибирских и уральских популяциях. Степень отличий от них северо-западных и центральных популяций была выше, чем у центрально-черноземных и волжских. Популяции из Ростовской области, Краснодарского и Ставропольского краев имели большее сходство с европейскими и азиатскими, чем с дагестанскими. Существенные отличия от всех изученных имела северо-западная популяция из Калининградской области. Для изучения полиморфизма российских популяций по SSR-маркерам отобрано 185 монопустульных изолятов и проведена экстракция их ДНК. Оценена эффективность предложенных 23 SSR-маркеров для анализа российских популяций и отобрано 20 наиболее полиморфных. Отработаны методические подходы для проведения SSR-анализа с использованием генетического анализатора ABI Prism 3500 (ABI–Hitachi, Япония). ключевые слова: бурая ржавчина, мягкая пшеница, вирулентность, Lr-гены, SSR-маркеры. В результате эволюции популяций происходит измене- 2010; Gultyaeva et al., 2012; Lind, Gultyaeva, 2007]. ние их генетического состава. Оценка полиморфизма по- С середины 1990-х годов популяционные исследова- пуляций является одним из «инструментов» для изучения ния гриба P. triticina Eriks. дополнены молекулярными микроэволюционного процесса, позволяет охарактеризо- технологиями. В 2007 году структура российских попу- вать внутрипопуляционную и межпопуляционную диф- ляций гриба охарактеризована с использованием RAPD и ференциацию и выявить дискретные изменения. Популя- УП-ПЦР-маркеров [Gultyaeva et al., 2010, 2012]. В 2000-х ционные исследования бурой ржавчины на территории б. годах в США для генотипирования изолятов P. triticina по- СССР проводятся в ВИЗР с 1980-х годов. В 1981—1993 добраны селективно-нейтральные SSR-маркеры [Duan et гг. с помощью оригинального набора тестеров вирулент- al., 2003; Szabo, Kolmer, 2007]. Преимуществом этой груп- ности Л.А. Михайловой [2006] показано существование пы маркеров служит высокий уровень регистрируемого европейской популяции гриба Puccinia triticina Eriks., за- полиморфизма, высокая воспроизводимость результатов нимающей территорию от северо-западной части РФ до и техническая простота экспериментов, в отличие, напри- Поволжья, и популяций Западной Азии (Урал, Казахстан, мер, от AFLP-анализа. С их использованием J. Kolmer с Западная Сибирь), Кавказа (Грузия, Азербайджан, Даге- соавторами
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