DOCSLIB.ORG

A Monograph of the Freshwater Ascomycete Family Annulatascaceae: a Morphological and Molecular Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Monograph of the Freshwater Ascomycete Family Annulatascaceae: a Morphological and Molecular Study A MONOGRAPH OF THE FRESHWATER ASCOMYCETE FAMILY ANNULATASCACEAE: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDY BY STEVEN EDWARD ZELSKI DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Biology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Emerita Carol A. Shearer, Chair, Director of Research Research Professor Andrew N. Miller, Co-Chair, Co-Director of Research Professor Emeritus David S. Seigler Professor Stephen R. Downie ABSTRACT A MONOGRAPH OF THE FRESHWATER ASCOMYCETE FAMILY ANNULATASCACEAE: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDY Steven Edward Zelski, Ph.D. Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Carol A. Shearer and Andrew N. Miller, Co-advisors Freshwater fungi are important agents decomposing submerged dead plant material. Roughly ten percent of the known teleomorphic (sexually reproducing) freshwater ascomycetes have been referred to or included in the family Annulatascaceae. Placement in this family is based on characters that include perithecial ascomata, unitunicate cylindrical asci with relatively large J- (Melzer’s reagent negative) apical rings, and the presence of long tapering septate paraphyses. However, the large refractive apical apparati are the distinctive feature of the family. As sparse molecular data were available prior to the beginning of this study, a broad survey of freshwater temperate and tropical areas was conducted to collect these taxa for morphological examination, digital imagery, and extraction of DNA for phylogenetic inference. Thirty-five of roughly 70 described species in 21 genera of Annulatascaceae were assessed molecularly, and forty-five illustrated from holotypes and/or fresh collections. Twelve new taxa with relatively large non-amyloid apical apparati were discovered, only one of which, Longicollum biappendiculatum, belongs in Annulatascaceae. Material examined in this study was preserved as permanent slides, dried specimens, and/or living cultures. Phylogenetic analyses of 4 genes alone and in combination revealed a polyphyletic Annulatascaceae, with a sensu stricto clade consisting of the type, Annulatascus velatisporus, and nine other species. The other twenty-five taxa assessed molecularly were located in clades along the Sordariomycetes tree, basal to the Ophiostomatales, the nearest outgroup to Annulatascaceae in these analyses. Annulatascaceae sensu stricto lacks likelihood support at its root node in single and combined gene analyses, but is strongly supported by Bayesian posterior probability in ii analyses of combined genes. This strongly suggests a familial if not an ordinal relationship of these ten taxa. One limitation of this study was a constraint on the number of genes sequenced. Some taxa only had GenBank sequence data and newly sequenced species did not all provide Mcm7 sequences as the primers are highly degenerate and annealing temperatures were variable. Addition of other genes (e.g. RPB1, TEF1α) to future analyses may increase confidence at both basal and distal nodes for this clade. A second limitation of this study was taxonomic coverage using sequence data. Though great effort was given to collecting, not all Annulatascaceae taxa were encountered. Collecting freshwater ascomycetes entails randomly selecting submerged woody debris and incubating it in moist chambers with the hopes of obtaining these microscopic organism. This is in contrast to collecting macroscopic organisms, which are readily recognizable in the field. Much work remains to be done on taxa thus far known only from the Eastern Hemisphere. Molecular data from these taxa would provide additional resolving power for lineages with large apical rings. iii DEDICATION This is dedicated to my ma n pa, without whose love I might not have been encouraged to explore. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to start by offering my greatest thanks to my mentor, from my Master’s program to the present, Dr. Carol A. Shearer. Mushrooms intrigued me, fungi fascinated me, and aquatic ascomycetes got me in their thrall. Thank you for opening my eyes to a fascinating field of study. You were strict and kind and that has propelled me to this point. I will be forever in your debt. To my co-advisor Andrew N. Miller, I am in debt to you for allowing me to study under your tutelage. Thank you for knocking off some of the corrosion I had accumulated before joining this program. You demand a steep learning curve (I am glad to no longer hold the doofus award). It has been a remarkable learning experience. To Dr. David Seigler, it has been a pleasure to discuss taxonomy and systematics with you over the last 6 years. Your knowledge and candor were essential to keep me on track. With a kinder committee member and laboratory neighbor, I could not have been blessed. To Dr. Stephen Downie, I must thank you for you advocacy of graduate students and myself especially. I appreciate your systematics knowledge and willingness to serve on my committee. Without Dr. Steve Stephenson I would not have been able to visit Southeast Asia. Molecular data from collections made there have corroborated tropical distributions of many taxa in the course of the work presented here. The invitation to collect at Pea Ridge National Military Park increased the breadth of distribution patterns of some cosmopolitan species of freshwater fungi. What I learned about myxomycete distribution patterns has tempered my ideas about freshwater ascomycete distribution patterns. To my brother Dr. John Janovec, collecting was almost a secondary goal to learning the cultures of your adopted home. We knocked out the collections like true professionals (thankfully the science needed incubation) and you introduced me to the social, economic, and political factors affecting a true v biodiversity hotspot. Thanks to you, I can still feel optimistic about the future of these places we’ve explored. Rock n Roll. To my next door neighbor from 20 years ago, and the first professor I met in graduate school 10 years ago, Dr. Carol Augsperger, I smilingly thank you for being, frankly, awesome. I expect more from my students having taught with you, and am confident that I can get it. My footsteps are lighter, my footprints smaller. Thank you to the Plant Biology Office staff over these years. I would be remiss if I did not mentally hug Carol A. Hall, Martha Plummer, Lisa Boise, Martha J. Forrest, Rayme T. Dorsey, and Laura B. Thurwell. You kept this ship on an even keel. I would also like to thank the undergraduate students who worked in the lab over the years. A lot of the work for this study would have been impossible without their assistance. Zach Weber, Daniel Chavez, Jess Endres and Austin Meyer maintained specimens and cultures for the lab, and in turn for this project. Julia Balto and Christine Do, aside from running the lab, must be acknowledged for co-authoring a published paper. An extra thanks is due Miss Balto, who participated in a month long trip to the Andes and Amazon of Perú. One tough field partner. I would like to thank Vincent P. Hustad for being a consummate travelling companion and collecting partner, a sounding board, and an ally. To the only person with whom I have ever watched a cricket match (or waited for a boat at 4:00 a.m.), Huzefa A. Raja, thanks aren’t enough... vi Finally, I would like to acknowledge the generous funding from the R. Weldon Larimore award, the Herbert Holdsworth Ross award, a month-long INPA fellowship furnished by CNPq, the Lemann grant, and NSF grants DEB 08-44722 and DEB-1214369. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………….1 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS …………………...………………………………….11 Collecting sites ....………………………………...………………………………………………11 Habitat characterization ...…………………………………………..……………………………11 Field Collection and Herbarium Requests ...………………………………………..……………11 Examination of Substrates .............................................................................................................12 Isolation ..........................................................................................................................................13 Imaging ..........................................................................................................................................13 Specimen preservation ...................................................................................................................14 Molecular methods .........................................................................................................................14 DNA extraction .................................................................................................................14 PCR ...................................................................................................................................14 Sequencing ........................................................................................................................15 Taxon sampling .................................................................................................................15 Sequence assembly............................................................................................................15 Phylogenetic analyses .......................................................................................................16 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS ..........................................................................................................................17
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Castanedospora, a New Genus to Accommodate Sporidesmium
    Cryptogamie, Mycologie, 2018, 39 (1): 109-127 © 2018 Adac. Tous droits réservés South Florida microfungi: Castanedospora,anew genus to accommodate Sporidesmium pachyanthicola (Capnodiales, Ascomycota) Gregorio DELGADO a,b*, Andrew N. MILLER c & Meike PIEPENBRING b aEMLab P&K Houston, 10900 BrittmoorePark Drive Suite G, Houston, TX 77041, USA bDepartment of Mycology,Institute of Ecology,Evolution and Diversity, Goethe UniversitätFrankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str.13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany cIllinois Natural History Survey,University of Illinois, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA Abstract – The taxonomic status and phylogenetic placement of Sporidesmium pachyanthicola in Capnodiales(Dothideomycetes) are revisited based on aspecimen collected on the petiole of adead leaf of Sabal palmetto in south Florida, U.S.A. New evidence inferred from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data together with abroad taxon sampling at family level suggest that the fungus is amember of Extremaceaeand therefore its previous placement within the broadly defined Teratosphaeriaceae was not supported. Anew genus Castanedospora is introduced to accommodate this species on the basis of its distinct morphology and phylogenetic position distant from Sporidesmiaceae sensu stricto in Sordariomycetes. The holotype material from Cuba was found to be exhausted and the Florida specimen, which agrees well with the original description, is selected as epitype. The fungus produced considerably long cylindrical to narrowly obclavate conidia
    [Show full text]
  • Low Intraspecific Genetic Diversity Indicates Asexuality and Vertical
    Fungal Ecology 32 (2018) 57e64 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fungal Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Low intraspecific genetic diversity indicates asexuality and vertical transmission in the fungal cultivars of ambrosia beetles * ** L.J.J. van de Peppel a, , D.K. Aanen a, P.H.W. Biedermann b, c, a Laboratory of Genetics Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands b Max-Planck-Institut for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knoll-Strasse€ 8, 07745 Jena, Germany c Research Group Insect-Fungus Symbiosis, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany article info abstract Article history: Ambrosia beetles farm ascomycetous fungi in tunnels within wood. These ambrosia fungi are regarded Received 21 July 2016 asexual, although population genetic proof is missing. Here we explored the intraspecific genetic di- Received in revised form versity of Ambrosiella grosmanniae and Ambrosiella hartigii (Ascomycota: Microascales), the mutualists of 9 November 2017 the beetles Xylosandrus germanus and Anisandrus dispar. By sequencing five markers (ITS, LSU, TEF1a, Accepted 29 November 2017 RPB2, b-tubulin) from several fungal strains, we show that X. germanus cultivates the same two clones of Available online 29 December 2017 A. grosmanniae in the USA and in Europe, whereas A. dispar is associated with a single A. hartigii clone Corresponding Editor: Henrik Hjarvard de across Europe. This low genetic diversity is consistent with predominantly asexual vertical transmission Fine Licht of Ambrosiella cultivars between beetle generations. This clonal agriculture is a remarkable case of convergence with fungus-farming ants, given that both groups have a completely different ecology and Keywords: evolutionary history.
    [Show full text]
  • Four New Freshwater Fungi Associated with Submerged Wood from Southwest Asia 191-203 Four New Freshwater Fungi Associated with Submerged Wood from Southwest Asia
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Sydowia Jahr/Year: 2010 Band/Volume: 062 Autor(en)/Author(s): Hu D. M., Cai Lei, Chen H., Bahkali Ali H., Hyde Kevin D. Artikel/Article: Four new freshwater fungi associated with submerged wood from Southwest Asia 191-203 Four new freshwater fungi associated with submerged wood from Southwest Asia D.M. Hu1, 2, L. Cai3*, H. Chen1, A.H. Bahkali4 & K. D. Hyde1,4,5* 1 International Fungal Research & Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bailongsi, Kunming 650224, P.R. China 2 School of Chemistry and Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China 3 Key Laboratory of Systematic Mycology & Lichenology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China 4 Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 5 School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand Hu D.M., Cai L., Chen H., Bahkali A.H. & Hyde K.D. (2010) Four new freshwa- ter fungi associated with submerged wood from Southwest Asia. – Sydowia 62 (2): 191–203. One new teleomorphic and three new anamorphic ascomycetes from fresh wa- ter are introduced in this paper based on morphological characters. The new teleo- morphic ascomycete Ascominuta ovalispora sp. nov. was collected from the north of Thailand. The three new anamorphic ascomycetes Acrogenospora ellipsoidea sp. nov., Dictyosporium biseriale sp. nov. and Vanakripa menglensis sp. nov. were col- lected from Yunnan, China. Keys to species of Acrogenospora and Vanakripa are provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of the Ergosterol Biosynthesis Pathway in Ceratocystidaceae
    Journal of Fungi Article Characterization of the Ergosterol Biosynthesis Pathway in Ceratocystidaceae Mohammad Sayari 1,2,*, Magrieta A. van der Nest 1,3, Emma T. Steenkamp 1, Saleh Rahimlou 4 , Almuth Hammerbacher 1 and Brenda D. Wingfield 1 1 Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; [email protected] (M.A.v.d.N.); [email protected] (E.T.S.); [email protected] (A.H.); brenda.wingfi[email protected] (B.D.W.) 2 Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada 3 Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Onderstepoort Campus, Pretoria 0110, South Africa 4 Department of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Fax: +1-204-474-7528 Abstract: Terpenes represent the biggest group of natural compounds on earth. This large class of organic hydrocarbons is distributed among all cellular organisms, including fungi. The different classes of terpenes produced by fungi are mono, sesqui, di- and triterpenes, although triterpene ergosterol is the main sterol identified in cell membranes of these organisms. The availability of genomic data from members in the Ceratocystidaceae enabled the detection and characterization of the genes encoding the enzymes in the mevalonate and ergosterol biosynthetic pathways. Using Citation: Sayari, M.; van der Nest, a bioinformatics approach, fungal orthologs of sterol biosynthesis genes in nine different species M.A.; Steenkamp, E.T.; Rahimlou, S.; of the Ceratocystidaceae were identified.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycosphere Notes 225–274: Types and Other Specimens of Some Genera of Ascomycota
    Mycosphere 9(4): 647–754 (2018) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/4/3 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Mycosphere Notes 225–274: types and other specimens of some genera of Ascomycota Doilom M1,2,3, Hyde KD2,3,6, Phookamsak R1,2,3, Dai DQ4,, Tang LZ4,14, Hongsanan S5, Chomnunti P6, Boonmee S6, Dayarathne MC6, Li WJ6, Thambugala KM6, Perera RH 6, Daranagama DA6,13, Norphanphoun C6, Konta S6, Dong W6,7, Ertz D8,9, Phillips AJL10, McKenzie EHC11, Vinit K6,7, Ariyawansa HA12, Jones EBG7, Mortimer PE2, Xu JC2,3, Promputtha I1 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 2 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China 3 World Agro Forestry Centre, East and Central Asia, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China 4 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China 5 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China 6 Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 7 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 8 Department Research (BT), Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, BE-1860 Meise, Belgium 9 Direction Générale de l'Enseignement non obligatoire et de la Recherche scientifique, Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Rue A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • Bertia Moriformis
    © Demetrio Merino Alcántara [email protected] Condiciones de uso Bertia moriformis (Tode) De Not., G. bot. ital. 1(1): 335 (1844) Bertiaceae, Coronophorales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi ≡ Astoma moriforme (Tode) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 524 (1821) ≡ Bertia moriformis f. macrospora Sibilia, Ann. Bot., Roma 18(2): 261 (1929) ≡ Bertia moriformis (Tode) De Not., G. bot. ital. 1(1): 335 (1844) f. moriformis ≡ Bertia moriformis (Tode) De Not., G. bot. ital. 1(1): 335 (1844) var. moriformis ≡ Bertia moriformis var. multiseptata Sivan., Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 70(3): 385 (1978) = Bertia multiseptata (Sivan.) Huhndorf, A.N. Mill. & F.A. Fernández, Mycol. Res. 108(12): 1387 (2004) ≡ Psilosphaeria moriformis (Tode) Stev., Mycol. Scot.: 386 (1879) = Sphaeria claviformis Sowerby, Col. fig. Engl. Fung. Mushr. 3: 139 (1803) ≡ Sphaeria moriformis Tode, Fung. mecklenb. sel. (Lüneburg) 2: 22 (1791) = Sphaeria rubiformis Sowerby, Col. fig. Engl. Fung. Mushr. 3: 156 (1803) = Sphaeria rugosa Grev. Material estudiado: Francia, Aquitania, Urdós, Sansanet, 30T XN9941, 1,329 m, en madera caída de Fagus sylvatica,1-VII-2014, leg. Dianora Estrada, Joaquín Fernández y Demetrio Merino, JA-CUSSTA: 8209. Descripción macroscópica: Peritecios agrupados formando una pequeña mora globosa, rugosa, de color negro y de (0.46) 0.51 - 0.63 (0.66) x (0.35) 0.42 - 0.60 (0.62) mm; N = 18; Me = 0.58 x 0.51 mm. Descripción microscópica: Ascas claviformes, octospóricas, no amiloides y con las esporas irregularmente dispuestas, de un ancho de 10.05 - 15.63 µm; N = 7; Me = 13.20 µm. Ascosporas de fusiformes a alantoides, con un septo transversal central difícilmente observable, multigutula- das, hialinas, lisas y de (32.60) 34.96 - 42.57 (43.80) x (4.36) 4.61 - 6.17 (6.53) µm; Q = (5.90) 6.52 - 7.99 (8.99); N = 26; Me = 38.82 x 5.39 µm; Qe = 7.27.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudodidymellaceae Fam. Nov.: Phylogenetic Affiliations Of
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 87: 187–206 (2017). Pseudodidymellaceae fam. nov.: Phylogenetic affiliations of mycopappus-like genera in Dothideomycetes A. Hashimoto1,2, M. Matsumura1,3, K. Hirayama4, R. Fujimoto1, and K. Tanaka1,3* 1Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan; 2Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan; 3The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 18–8 Ueda 3 chome, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan; 4Apple Experiment Station, Aomori Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Centre, 24 Fukutami, Botandaira, Kuroishi, Aomori, 036-0332, Japan *Correspondence: K. Tanaka, [email protected] Abstract: The familial placement of four genera, Mycodidymella, Petrakia, Pseudodidymella, and Xenostigmina, was taxonomically revised based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses of nuclear rDNA SSU, LSU, tef1, and rpb2 sequences. ITS sequences were also provided as barcode markers. A total of 130 sequences were newly obtained from 28 isolates which are phylogenetically related to Melanommataceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) and its relatives. Phylo- genetic analyses and morphological observation of sexual and asexual morphs led to the conclusion that Melanommataceae should be restricted to its type genus Melanomma, which is characterised by ascomata composed of a well-developed, carbonaceous peridium, and an aposphaeria-like coelomycetous asexual morph. Although Mycodidymella, Petrakia, Pseudodidymella, and Xenostigmina are phylogenetically related to Melanommataceae, these genera are characterised by epi- phyllous, lenticular ascomata with well-developed basal stroma in their sexual morphs, and mycopappus-like propagules in their asexual morphs, which are clearly different from those of Melanomma.
    [Show full text]
  • The History, Fungal Biodiversity, Conservation, and Future Volume 1 · No
    IMA FungUs · vOlume 1 · no 2: 123–142 The history, fungal biodiversity, conservation, and future ARTICLE perspectives for mycology in Egypt Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Suez Canal, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Records of Egyptian fungi, including lichenized fungi, are scattered through a wide array Key words: of journals, books, and dissertations, but preliminary annotated checklists and compilations are not checklist all readily available. This review documents the known available sources and compiles data for more distribution than 197 years of Egyptian mycology. Species richness is analysed numerically with respect to the fungal diversity systematic position and ecology. Values of relative species richness of different systematic and lichens ecological groups in Egypt compared to values of the same groups worldwide, show that our knowledge mycobiota of Egyptian fungi is fragmentary, especially for certain systematic and ecological groups such as species numbers Agaricales, Glomeromycota, and lichenized, nematode-trapping, entomopathogenic, marine, aquatic and coprophilous fungi, and also yeasts. Certain groups have never been studied in Egypt, such as Trichomycetes and black yeasts. By screening available sources of information, it was possible to delineate 2281 taxa belonging to 755 genera of fungi, including 57 myxomycete species as known from Egypt. Only 105 taxa new to science have been described from Egypt, one belonging to Chytridiomycota, 47 to Ascomycota, 55 to anamorphic fungi and one to Basidiomycota. Article info: Submitted: 10 August 2010; Accepted: 30 October 2010; Published: 10 November 2010. INTRODUCTION which is currently accepted as a working figure although recognized as conservative (Hawksworth 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • Papulosaceae, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) Hyphopodiate Fungus with a Phialophora Anamorph from Grass Inferred from Morphological and Molecular Data
    IMA FUNGUS · 7(2): 247–252 (2016) doi:10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.02.04 Wongia gen. nov. (Papulosaceae, Sordariomycetes), a new generic name ARTICLE for two root-infecting fungi from Australia Wanporn Khemmuk1,2, Andrew D.W. Geering1,2, and Roger G. Shivas2,3 1Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia 2Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia 3Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park 4102, Australia; corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The classification of two root-infecting fungi, Magnaporthe garrettii and M. griffinii, was examined Key words: by phylogenetic analysis of multiple gene sequences. This analysis demonstrated that M. garrettii and M. Ascomycota griffinii were sister species that formed a well-supported separate clade in Papulosaceae (Diaporthomycetidae, Cynodon Sordariomycetes), which clusters outside of the Magnaporthales. Wongia gen. nov, is established to Diaporthomycetidae accommodate these two species which are not closely related to other species classified in Magnaporthe nor multigene analysis to other genera, including Nakataea, Magnaporthiopsis and Pyricularia, which all now contain other species one fungus-one name once classified in Magnaporthe. molecular phylogenetics root pathogens Article info: Submitted: 5 July 2016; Accepted: 7 October 2016; Published: 11 October 2016. INTRODUCTION species, M. griffinii, was found by Klaubauf et al. (2014) to be distant from Sordariomycetes based on ITS sequences The taxonomic and nomenclatural problems that surround (GenBank JQ390311, JQ390312). generic names in the Magnaporthales (Sordariomycetes, This study aims to resolve the classification ofM.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungi of Raffaelea Genus (Ascomycota: Ophiostomatales) Associated to Platypus Cylindrus (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) in Portugal
    FUNGI OF RAFFAELEA GENUS (ASCOMYCOTA: OPHiostomATALES) ASSOCIATED to PLATYPUS CYLINDRUS (COLEOPTERA: PLATYPODIDAE) IN PORTUGAL FUNGOS DO GÉNERO RAFFAELEA (ASCOMYCOTA: OPHiostomATALES) ASSOCIADOS A PLATYPUS CYLINDRUS (COLEOPTERA: PLATYPODIDAE) EM PORTUGAL MARIA LURDES INÁCIO1, JOANA HENRIQUES1, ARLINDO LIMA2, EDMUNDO SOUSA1 ABSTRACT Key-words: Ambrosia beetle, ambrosia fun- gi, cork oak, decline. In the study of the fungi associated to Platypus cylindrus, several fungi were isolated from the insect and its galleries in cork oak, RESUMO among which three species of Raffaelea. Mor- phological and cultural characteristics, sensitiv- No estudo dos fungos associados ao insec- ity to cycloheximide and genetic variability had to xilomicetófago Platypus cylindrus foram been evaluated in a set of isolates of this genus. isolados, a partir do insecto e das suas ga- On this basis R. ambrosiae and R. montetyi were lerias no sobreiro, diversos fungos, entre os identified and a third taxon segregated witch quais três espécies de Raffaelea. Avaliaram-se differs in morphological and molecular charac- características morfológicas e culturais, sensibi- teristics from the previous ones. In this work we lidade à ciclohexamida e variabilidade genética present and discuss the parameters that allow num conjunto de isolados do género. Foram the identification of specimens of the threetaxa . identificados R. ambrosiae e R. montetyi e The role that those ambrosia fungi can have in segregou-se um terceiro táxone que difere the cork oak decline is also discussed taking em características morfológicas e molecula- into account that Ophiostomatales fungi are res dos dois anteriores. No presente trabalho pathogens of great importance in trees, namely são apresentados e discutidos os parâmetros in species of the genus Quercus.
    [Show full text]
  • Co-Adaptations Between Ceratocystidaceae Ambrosia Fungi and the Mycangia of Their Associated Ambrosia Beetles
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2018 Co-adaptations between Ceratocystidaceae ambrosia fungi and the mycangia of their associated ambrosia beetles Chase Gabriel Mayers Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Biology Commons, Developmental Biology Commons, and the Evolution Commons Recommended Citation Mayers, Chase Gabriel, "Co-adaptations between Ceratocystidaceae ambrosia fungi and the mycangia of their associated ambrosia beetles" (2018). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 16731. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16731 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Co-adaptations between Ceratocystidaceae ambrosia fungi and the mycangia of their associated ambrosia beetles by Chase Gabriel Mayers A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Microbiology Program of Study Committee: Thomas C. Harrington, Major Professor Mark L. Gleason Larry J. Halverson Dennis V. Lavrov John D. Nason The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2018 Copyright © Chase Gabriel Mayers, 2018.
    [Show full text]