July-August 2012 Volume 30 No

New Plants & Nuclear Vendor Advertorial Plant Journal July-August 2012 Volume 30 No. 4

Oconee, United States

ISSN: 0892-2055

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www.diakont.com | 858.551.5551 Nuclear Plant Journal ® New Plants & July-August 2012, Volume 30 No. 4 Vendor Advertorial Issue 30th Year of Publication

Nuclear Plant Journal is published Articles & Reports by EQES, Inc. six times a year in A Lot of Work Ahead 26 January-February, March-April, May- By Vladimir Asmolov, Rosenergoatom, Russia June, July-August, September-October, and November-December (the Annual Proﬁ table Nuclear Power Generation 32 Directory). By Jukka Laaksonen, Rusatom Overseas, Russia

Nuclear Power After Fukushima 38 The subscription rate for non-qualiﬁ ed By David Farr, The World Association of Nuclear Operators readers in the United States is $150.00 for six issues per year. The additional air Contribution to the Post Fukushima Efforts 46 mail cost for non-U.S. readers is $30.00. By Judy Sneeden, GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy Payment may be made by American Express®, Master Card®, VISA® or check Committed to Nuclear Business 54 and should accompany the order. Checks By Thomas Franch, AREVA, Inc. may be made payable to "EQES, Inc." Checks not drawn on a United States A Closer Look at mPower 56 bank should include an additional $45.00 By Chris Mowry, Babcock & Wilcox mPower, Inc. service fee. All inquiries should be ad- Japan’s Report to IAEA 62 dressed to Nuclear Plant Journal, 1400 Opus Place, Suite 904, Downers Grove, Industry Innovations IL 60515; Phone: (630) 858-6161, ext. Evolution of Controls for Nuclear-Safety Engine-Generators 66 103; Fax: (630) 852-8787, email: NPJ@ By Steve Greuel, PE, Fairbanks Morse Engine goinfo.com. DO-Ra 69 Last 29 year Journal issues are now By Vladimir A. Elin, JSC “Intersoft Eurasia”, Russia available online through the Journal Angel Wings Improve Safety 74 website www. NuclearPlantJournal. By Troy Hollowoa, Entergy Nuclear com (search box on the right-top) for a nominal fee of $25 per issue. Contact: Alleviating Tritium Concern 76 Anu Agnihotri, email: [email protected] By Electric Power Research Institute

Nuclear Plant Journal is a registered A Pioneer Plant 77 By Duke Energy trademark of EQES, Inc. Printed in the USA. Departments Journal Services Staff New Energy News 8 List of Advertisers 6 Senior Publisher and Editor Newal K. Agnihotri, P.E. Utility, Industry & Corporation 10 Advertiser Web Directory 43 Publisher and Sales Manager New Products, Services & On The Cover Anu Agnihotri Contracts 16 The RPS/ESPS upgrades were Assistant Editor and Marketing Manager New Documents 20 implemented on unit 1 during the Michelle Gaylord plant’s spring 2011 refueling outage, Meeting & Training Calendar 21 Administrative Assistant making Oconee the fi rst plant in the QingQing Zhu Research & Development 22 nation to move the systems from analog to digital. Units 2 and 3 will receive the upgrades during 2012 *Current Circulation: and 2013. See page 77 for a profi le. Total: 12,273 Utilities: 2,904 *All circulation information is subject to Mailing Identifi cation Statement BPA Worldwide, Business audit Nuclear Plant Journal (ISSN 0892-2055) is published bimonthly; January-February, March- April, May-June, July-August, September-October, and November-December by EQES, Inc., 1400 Opus Place, Suite 904, Downers Grove, IL 60515. The printed version of the Journal is available cost-free to qualifi ed readers in the United States and Canada. The digital version is available cost-free to qualifi ed readers worldwide. The subscription rate for non-qualifi ed readers is $150.00 per year. The cost for non-qualifi ed, non-U.S. readers is $180.00. Periodicals (permit number 000-739) postage paid at the Downers Grove, IL 60515 and additional mailing offi ces. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Nuclear Plant Journal (EQES, Inc.), 1400 Opus Place, Suite 904, Downers Grove, IL 60515. Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 5 List of Advertisers & NPJ Rapid Response Page Advertiser Contact Fax/Email 24-25 Aecon Nuclear Samuel Anselm [email protected] 52-53 American Crane & Equipment Corporation Karen Norheim (610) 385-6061 2, 73 AREVA NP, Inc. Donna Gaddy-Bowen (434) 832-3840 40-41 AZZ Incorporated Greg Keller [email protected] 34-35 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Stephanie Decker [email protected] 9, 51 Bechtel Power Patricia Conran (415) 768-0263 27 Birns Eric Birns (805) 487-0427 48-49 Black & Veatch Michael Wadley (913) 458-2492 55 Burndy Angela Toppazzini (603) 647-5205 13 Ceradyne Boron Products Patti Bass (714) 675-6565 11 Chatham Steel Corporation Chris White [email protected] 17 Day & Zimmermann ECM David Bronczyk (215) 656-2624 4, 33 Diakont Keith Reeser [email protected] 67 DRS Consolidated Controls, Inc. Andrew Gaunt [email protected] 61 Fairbanks Morse Engine Luke Fredrickson [email protected] 28-29 GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy Michael Tetuan (910) 362-5017 19 HukariAscendent Robert Plappert (303) 277-1458 31 Joseph Oat Corporation John McDonald (856) 541-0864 7, 47 Kinectrics Inc. Cheryl Tasker-Shaw (416) 207-6532 39 OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Delphine Grandrieux 33 1 45 24 11 10 23, 80 QualTech, a business unit of Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Company Arlene Corkhill (714) 528-0128 64-65 Sargent & Lundy LLC Patricia Andersen (312) 269-3680 44-45 SCHOTT North America, Inc. Barbara Augenblick (914) 831-2201 14-15 Siempelkamp Nukleartechnik GmbH John Mageski (925) 932-4000 70-71 Thermo Scientifi c- CIDTEC Tony Chapman (315) 451-9421 78-79 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC Karen Fischetti (412) 374-3244 58-59 Zachry Nuclear Engineering, Inc Lisa Apicelli (860) 446-8292 3 Zetec, Inc. Ki Choi (418) 263-3742 Advertisers’ fax numbers may be used with the form shown below. Advertisers’ web sites are listed in the Web Directory Listings on page 43.

Nuclear Plant Journal Rapid Response Fax Form July-August 2012

To: ______Company: ______Fax: ______From: ______Company: ______Fax: ______Address:______City: ______State: _____ Zip: ______Phone: ______E-mail: ______I am interested in obtaining information on: ______Comments: ______

6 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012

International Deals build programme of about 9.6 GWe of New Energy Nigeria signed a cooperation accord new nuclear capacity starting from 2024. with Russia towards the construction of Contact: Sergey Novikov, telephone: its fi rst nuclear power plant on June 7, 7 499 949 44 12, fax: 7 499 949 27 22, 2012 at the AtomExpo event in Moscow. email: [email protected]. Bangladesh and South Africa also agreed Czech Republic to extend their nuclear cooperation with Russia On July 3, 2012, ČEZ opened bids Russia. The government of the Sverdlovsk for the public contract for completing the Rosatom chief, Sergei Kiriyenko region of Russia has approved the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant in the pres- signed a memorandum of understanding construction of the country’s fi rst BN- ence of the bidders- Areva, a consortium with the chairman of the Nigerian 1200 fast reactor at the Beloyarsk nuclear of the Westinghouse Electric Company, Atomic Energy Commission, Franklin power plant. LLC and WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC Erepamo Osaisai. Its terms will see the The government said that the planned ČR, and a consortium of ŠKODA JS, At- two countries “prepare a comprehensive 1200 MWe unit will produce around omstroyexport, and Gidropress. A team program of building nuclear power plants 9 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity of experts will thoroughly examine, eval- in Nigeria,” including the development annually and help avoid the emission of uate, and discuss the bids with the bidders of infrastructure and a framework and “millions of tonnes” of carbon dioxide. in order to achieve their optimization. system of regulation for nuclear and In addition, it would completely remove During the evaluation process, the radiation safety. the region’s need to import fossil fuels. technical specifi cations of the plans and It was noted that one of the most With a 60-year operating life, the reactor design documentation will be analyzed important areas for cooperation was to is expected to have an annual capacity together with the security and license establish the proper educational structure factor of at least 90%. aspects thereof; another fi fty percent of for Nigerian professional skills in nuclear The technical design of the BN-1200 the criteria value will be the fi nancial part physics and energy. The country is seen is scheduled for completion by 2013, of the bid, i.e. the price and commercial as one of the most serious and promising while the manufacture of equipment terms and conditions, such as the terms to be exploring the future use of nuclear will start in 2014. Construction of the of warranty and payment. All of the energy. In 2010 Nigeria said it aimed to Beloyarsk unit is set to begin in 2015. company’s requirements for the subject have 1000 MWe of nuclear generation According to the Sverdlovsk matter of the public contract, i.e., the in place by 2019 with another 4000 Department of Energy and Housing, the supply of two complete units for the MWe online by 2030. Increasing power BN-1200 reactor would be built to replace Temelín Nuclear Power Plant on a turn- production is a major priority in order the existing smaller BN-600 reactor at unit key basis, including sets of fuel rods for to end the unreliability of power supply 3 of the Beloyarsk plant. That unit, which nine years of operation, were specifi ed in that millions of people suffer, while began operating in 1981, is scheduled to the document. adding non-fossil generation also would be decommissioned by 2020. A BN-800 Contact: Marek Svitak, telephone: allow Nigeria to capitalise on exports of reactor is currently under construction 420 381 102 328, email: marek.svitak@ liquifi ed natural gas. as the fourth unit at Beloyarsk, which is cez.cz. Another country that has been expected to enter commercial operation cooperating with Russia on its road to in 2015. ESBWR employing nuclear power is Bangladesh Contact: Sergey Novikov, Rosatom, GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) and Kiriyenko also used AtomExpo as telephone: 7 499 949 44 12, fax: 7 499 continues to work with Nuclear Power the public event to announce two new 949 27 22, email: [email protected]. Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) to memorandums with that country. One bring the ESBWR to India. concerned the setting-up of a public Ohi Restart GEH has been engaged in commercial information centre in Bangladesh which The Japanese government has discussions with NPCIL since signing a it is hoped will raise the profi le of nuclear announced it will be able to scale back memorandum of understanding (MOU) work in civil society and among young energy saving targets in some areas thanks in 2009. Signifi cant progress has been people; the other was a mutual agreement to the restart of Kansai Electric's Ohi 3. made and another major milestone, an on nuclear training that included sending The 1180 MWe unit reached full early works agreement, is expected to be a ‘pilot group’ of Bangladeshi students capacity on July 9, 2012, becoming the completed soon. to Russian institutions. Signing both of fi rst Japanese reactor to restart following Site preparation for the ESBWR these for Bangladesh was the minister for suspension for periodic inspection since units is underway near Kovvada in the science and technology, Yafesh Osman. the March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi state of Andhra Pradesh. Another country in discussions with nuclear accident. Its sister unit, Ohi 4, is Contact: Christopher White, telephone: Russia about its nuclear future is South expected to follow later in July, 2012. (910) 819-6121, email: christopher1. Africa, which is developing plans for a Source: World Nuclear News. [email protected].

8 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 BECHTEL

BUILDING THE WORLD’S ENERGY FUTURE AT BECHTEL we have been a global leader in the design and construction of nuclear power plants for the past half century. The worldwide demand for energy has never been greater, and Bechtel’s teams are delivering it in a way no other company can match. BECHTEL Frederick, Maryland USA San Francisco Houston London Brisbane www.bechtel.com Mobile Access QR-Code Utility, Industry & Corporation National Academy for Nuclear Training. and confi rmed by the Senate to a term Graduates of the program will receive expiring June 30, 2013. Utility a certifi cate, allowing them to bypass Macfarlane, an expert on nuclear selected industry training requirements. waste issues, holds a doctorate in geology Merger Contact: Margie Jepson, telephone: from the Massachusetts Institute of Duke Energy Corporation (601) 368-5460, email: mpjepson@ Technology and a bachelor of science confi rmed the closing of its previously entergy.com. degree in geology from the University of announced merger with Progress Energy Rochester. Prior to beginning her term as Inc., effective July 2, 2012. Industry the NRC’s 15th chairman, Macfarlane was The new company will be known an associate professor of environmental as Duke Energy and will remain Nuclear Future science and policy at George Mason headquartered in Charlotte, with Increased global reliance on nuclear University in Fairfax, Va. substantial operations in Raleigh, N.C. energy will maintain the U.S. capability to From 2010 to 2012 she served on the Duke Energy will trade on the New York build new nuclear energy facilities when Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Stock Exchange under the symbol DUK. the need for accelerated expansion arises Nuclear Future, created by the Obama In accordance with the terms of in America, the chairman of the Nuclear Administration to make recommendations the merger agreement, Progress Energy Energy Institute predicted. about a national strategy for dealing with Inc. has become a wholly owned direct “I am confi dent that the need for the nation’s high-level nuclear waste. Her subsidiary of Duke Energy, creating new nuclear power plants will emerge research has focused on environmental the country’s largest electric utility as beyond 2020 because the long-term policy and international security issues measured by enterprise value, market fundamentals for nuclear energy remain associated with nuclear energy, especially capitalization, generation assets, sound,” said William Johnson, chairman, the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle. In customers and numerous other criteria. president and chief executive offi cer of 2006 MIT Press published a book she co- Contact: Tom Williams, telephone: Progress Energy. Johnson also serves as edited, Uncertainty Underground: Yucca (800) 559-3853. NEI chairman. Mountain and the Nation’s High-Level Johnson reminded industry leaders Nuclear Waste, which explored technical Next Generation at the NEI’s annual conference that the issues at the proposed waste disposal By 2016 approximately 40 percent International Energy Agency reported facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. of the nation’s nuclear power plant that the world’s electricity production Contact: telephone: (301) 415-1750, workers are expected to reach retirement from nuclear energy facilities must nearly email: [email protected]. age. Entergy Nuclear is collaborating double by 2025 to help meet greenhouse with Excelsior College to mitigate gas reduction targets. Corporation this potential workforce shortage and “Signifi cant growth in global accelerate its staffi ng pipeline. nuclear development continues to open Excellence Award Under the collaborative agreement, markets for U.S. suppliers and vendors,” Chatham Steel Corporation’s Entergy employees and their spouses can Johnson said. “Our commercial reactor nuclear division was awarded the GE pursue higher education at reduced tuition supply chain continues to grow and add Hitachi Supplier Fulfi llment Excellence rates. The facility will put a particular thousands of jobs due to the export of Award, which is based on Chatham’s focus on the new associate in science in reactor technology, components and 100% on-time delivery performance and nuclear technology, which is designed for services. According to the Bureau of accurate documentation of all safety- students pursuing careers as nuclear plant Labor Statistics, the nuclear energy sector critical materials and processing. Only equipment operators. The curriculum accounted for 54 percent of all ‘green’ one award of this nature is given out adheres to the Nuclear Energy Institute’s jobs in the electric sector in 2010.” each year. GE Hitachi maintains vendor Nuclear Uniform Curriculum Program Contact: telephone: (202) 739-8000. relationships with over 300 suppliers (NUCP). Through Excelsior College, this internationally. curriculum is delivered entirely online. New Chairman Chatham Steel Corporation, serving The NUCP provides a framework Dr. Allison M. Macfarlane was industry since 1915, provides metal within which potential plant staff can sworn in as chairman of the Nuclear products and processing services to a wide obtain the foundational knowledge of core Regulatory Commission July 9, 2012. variety of industrial markets including the nuclear industry topics required by the She was nominated by President Obama nuclear industry. Chatham is a member of (Continued on page 12)

10 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

Chatham Steel: A story of excellence spanning nearly a century.

For nearly a century, Chatham Steel has equipment and information systems to serve • Effective –A partner that offers exceptional built a reputation for excellence in quality, all of its customers’ needs. The company’s quality and service, and provides the most service and responsiveness. In that time, culture emphasizes training, teamwork and effective solutions. Chatham understands they have also developed a highly efficient continuous improvement. With advanced and adheres to the safety-critical standards network that includes service centers from equipment, technology, creativity and expert- of the nuclear industry. As part of the Ohio throughout the southeast. ise, Chatham is able to deliver customized Chatham commitment to quality assurance solutions on time and on budget, something and safety, the company has attained the Chatham maintains an extensive inventory that is rare in the nuclear industry. following: ISO 9001:2008; Member of of products, giving customers immediate NIAC, audited and compliant to ASME; access to carbon, alloy, stainless steel, and Chatham Steel’s collaborative relationships NQA-1,10CFR50 Appendix B and 10CFR aluminum. Inventory includes plate, bar, help its partners meet their unique challenges. Part 21; ASME Section III, NCA 3800; sheet, tube, pipe,beams, channels, angles, The company prides itself on being a RARE Quality System Certificate (QSC #665, grating and specialty products. Through partner to all of its nuclear customers. Durham Division); Value added operations their many alliances across the country, Chatham defines RARE as: (burning, forming, drilling, sawing) are Chatham also has reliable access to even the • Responsible – A company that believes certified under ASME QSC/MO. most difficult-to-find products and materials. outstanding service should co-exist with Because of the company’slarge inventory adherence to the most stringent safety and Chatham Steel has proven that it is the and processing capabilities, it is able to help quality standards. A partner that delivers nuclear industry’s new and better option many of its customers reduce their costs safety-critical materials on time and for supplying safety-critical materials. of operation by processing and delivering within budget. For more information on Chatham Steel, products on an as-needed basis. • Accountable –A single-source supplier www.chathamsteel.com that provides complete documentation and visit them online at With industry needs constantly changing and 1-800-869-2762 unparalleled accountability. or call and ask for one evolving, Chatham has continued to invest in • Reliable –A proven track record of almost of their nuclear sales specialists. facilities, products, state-of-the-art processing 100 years of reliable service.

Within the nuclear industry, there’s a new and rare Responsive, Accountable, Reliable,Effective alternative for safety-critical needs...Chatham Steel. With 97 years of business behind our name, we don’t deliver anything short of responsive, accountable, reliable and effective service for our customers. It’s what has earned us our reputation for excellence in the metals service industry. That is what we believe to be refinement at its best. RARE For more information on our extensive inventory of steel products and processing services, call 1-800-869-2762and ask for a nuclear sales specialist, refinement. email us at [email protected] or visit Providing safety-critical steel products to the nuclear industry. us online at www.chathamsteel.com.

ASME Quality System Certificate (QSC) applies to Chatham Steel’s Durham, North Carolina location. ISO 9001:2008 accreditation applies to all Chatham Steel locations except Ironton, Ohio, which is scheduled for certification in 2012. Safety-critical steel products provided to the nuclear industry come from our Durham, North Carolina and Savannah, Georgia locations. A member of the Reliance Steel and Aluminum family of companies.

Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 11 Corporation... Continued from page 10

the Reliance Steel and Aluminum family data interpretation, fl aw criteria and was presented to Ken Hukari, Owner of companies. disposition support, and complete data and CEO of HukariAscendent, on June Contact: Sherri Black, Black Box management support back into the site’s 27th , 2012 during a ceremony at DOE Incorporated, telephone: (502) 625-3030, BPWORKS™ 2.0 and MAPProView© Headquarters in Washington, DC. email: sblack@blackboxincorporated. software for later use in trending and risk HukariAscendent provides special- com. analysis. ized engineering, technical, and profes- Contact: Aaron Huber, telephone: sional support services to government Motor Refurbishment (858) 551-5551. and commercial clients in nuclear power, Curtiss-Wright Corporation an- science and technology industries. nounced that its Flow Control business Technical Knowledge Contact: 4251 Kipling Street, Suite segment’s Electro-Mechanical Division GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) 400, Wheat Ridge, Colorado 80033, (EMD) business unit and Westinghouse signed a memorandum of understanding telephone: (303) 384-9079, website: Electric Company LLC have signed a (MOU) with The University of www.hukari.com. strategic alliance to jointly pursue and Manchester. The university will provide develop business opportunities for the re- GEH with expert technical knowledge Simulator Update furbishment of large motors for commer- and input to the potential deployment L-3 MAPPS will proceed with two cial nuclear power applications in North of GEH’s innovative PRISM reactor, projects to update the full scope simulator America and to collaborate on new tech- designed to dispose of the U.K.’s growing at Axpo’s Beznau nuclear power plant nology development. plutonium stockpile while at the same located in Döttingen, Switzerland. The The alliance will enable both time generating 600 megawatts of low- projects involve NEXIS and AUTANOVE companies, as well as their customers, carbon electricity. updates being performed on the plant’s to benefi t from the combined capabilities The MOU follows the announcement two operating units. The simulator and resources of two very experienced last month at a nuclear industry conference updates are expected to enter service in nuclear energy organizations. Curtiss- that GEH and the National Nuclear the fall of 2013. Wright and Westinghouse have several Laboratory intend to collaborate. With Under the NEXIS project, the ongoing business agreements in support of more than 100 attendees, the conference plant is replacing its existing WDPF- operating nuclear plants around the world was held in West Cumbria on April 4, based plant information system with an and AP1000(R) units under construction in 2012, exploring the support of potential advanced Ovation-based system from China and the United States. U.K. business partners to deploy PRISM Westinghouse. For the AUTANOVE Contact: Jim Ryan, telephone: (973) technology at Sellafi eld. project, the existing remote emergency 541-3766. The University of Manchester power supply is being replaced with recently won a Queen’s Anniversary two on-site diesel generators for each Inline Inspection Prize for its internationally renowned operating unit. To properly train Beznau Diakont announced that a nuclear research and skills development operators on the impact and behavior of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the nuclear industry, making it an these signifi cant plant modifi cations, the has been signed with Structural Integrity ideal partner to work with GEH in the updated simulator must be operational Associates, Inc., a leader in prevention potential deployment of PRISM. well in advance of the actual plant and control of structural and mechanical Contact: Michael Tetuan, telephone: modifi cations going into service. failures for buried piping. (910) 819-7055, email: Michael.tetuan@ Contact: Sean Bradley, telephone: The MoU leverages Structural ge.com. (514) 787-4953. Integrity’s engineering expertise in buried piping and fl aw assessment with Small Business Award Nozzle Weld Overlays Diakont’s robotic inline inspection HukariAscendent has been selected Aquilex WSI, LLC (WSI) and equipment to offer a comprehensive in- as the Department of Energy’s Service Structural Integrity Associates (SI) fi eld inspection of buried and underground Disabled Veteran Owned Small Business (together as W(SI)2) announce the recent piping to help nuclear power plants meet of the Year for 2011. This award successful installation of full structural the inspection requirements of NEI 09- recognizes the exceptional performance weld overlays on three steam generator hot 14 (Guideline for the Management of of a Service-Disabled, Veteran-Owned leg nozzles at Dominion Virginia Power’s Underground Piping and Tank Integrity). small business directly facilitating the North Anna Power Station Unit 1. North Through the relationship, nuclear power advancement of core DOE mission Anna is a two-unit site located in Mineral, plants will benefi t from a turnkey objectives and requirements. The award Virginia with three-loop, Westinghouse- solution that includes fi eld inspection, designed PWRs. North Anna 1 is the

12 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

Enriched Nuclear Power Plant Chemistries

Nuclear Plant Chemistries Ceradyne Boron Products has provided the global commercial nuclear power industry with high purity stable isotopes for more than 30 years. The company’s Boron-10 isotope is a strong neutron absorber and is used for both nuclear waste containment only PWR in the U.S. with Alloy 82/182 and nuclear power plant radiation control. With the largest boron isotope enrichment (600) dissimilar welds joining the low facility in the world, Boron Products continues to be the leading manufacturer of opti- alloy steel steam generator nozzles to the mized materials for nuclear chemistry applications. stainless steel primary piping. Dominion Virginia Power prepared Enriched Boric Acid the area for work, including insulation Enriched boric acid is one of the basic products manufactured by Boron Products and is a precursor for most of the other boron containing chemicals. Enriched in either the removal and scaffolding erection, and 10 11 conducted pre-weld overlay examinations B or B isotope to very high levels, our boric acid exceeds accepted standards of of the Alloy 600 welds. The W(SI)2 scope the nuclear industry throughout the world. In all chemical reactions, our enriched products behave as their natural counterparts. of work consisted of design and analysis, repair licensing, mockup testing and 7-Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate qualifi cation, on-site implementation Pressurized water reactors use lithium hydroxide to neutralize the acidity created by and post-mitigation NDE UT of the weld the addition of boric acid to primary coolant solutions. Control of coolant pH is im- overlays. Although W(SI)2 has performed portant to limit corrosion of the internal reactor components by the coolant solutions. hundreds of weld overlays at both Enriched lithium is offered by Boron Products in lithium hydroxide monohydrate form 7 domestic and foreign nuclear sites in its and the enrichment level is greater than 99.9 wt% Li. history, the North Anna project involved Enriched Sodium Pentaborate the largest Alloy 600 nozzle weld yet (41" Boiling water reactors use enriched sodium pentaborate in standby liquid control OD) to be mitigated with weld overlay. systems which are designed to flood the reactor core with a 10B solution in the case of Due to the thickness of the dissimilar an emergency. More recently, the use of higher fuel enrichments and the popularity of metal weld, approximately 20% of base MOX fuels have placed further demands on reactivity controls at boiling water reactor material thickness was removed prior to sites. Enriched sodium pentaborate provides an excellent solution for these new re- installing the overlay for UT inspection quirements. purposes. Through this preparatory machining, the project uncovered and Advanced materials for very high temperature repaired two through-wall cracks in applications, enhanced criticality control, and for one of the nozzle welds. In spite of this safe and effi cient fuel cycle management. complication, all safety, schedule, quality Highest Purity and dose expectations for the project were satisfactorily completed. Stable Isotopes for Nuclear Contact: Vicki Douglass, telephone: Power Plant Chemistries (877) 474-7693, email: info@structint. com. Early Works Agreement Westinghouse Electric Company LLC and Nuclear Power Company of India Limited (NPCIL) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on June 13, 2012 agreeing to negotiate an Early Works Agreement Control the nuclear reaction rate 10 (EWA) supporting future construction Enriched Boric Acid (E BA) of AP1000® nuclear power plants at the Neutralize acidity Mithivirdi site in Gujarat. Enriched Lithium Hydroxide-Monohydrate (7Li) The agreement represents signifi cant progress toward the realization of the India – U.S. Civil Nuclear Agreement signed in Flood the reactor core for emergency shutdown Enriched Sodium Pentaborate (NaP10B) 2008. The Early Works Agreement will include preliminary licensing and site development work. [email protected] Contact: Vaughn Gilbert, email: www.ceradyne.com [email protected]. 918-673-2201

Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 13 SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

Products and Services for Nuclear Power Plants

Power generation utilising nuclear power plants is Nuclear portfolio experiencing a worldwide renaissance. Countries The supply and operation of components and such as Finland, China, Russia, Great Britain, equipment around the reactor are a core compe- France and the USA already count on nuclear tence of our business. Furthermore, Siempelkamp power and will increasingly secure their energy are setting new milestones in the extension of the demand through a new generation of low CO2 service life of nuclear power plants through analy- emission nuclear power stations. Siempelkamp ses and calculations together with the retro-fitting Nuclear Technology, Inc. headquartered in Walnut of components and equipment. Last but not least, Creek, CA, and its subsidiary Siempelkamp Nuclear decommissioning of nuclear facilities provides con- Services provide comprehensive support to the fidence of the ability to successfully manage the nuclear power sector. complete nuclear power lifecycle. Our employees supporting nuclear facility decommissioning are High quality and field-proven the most experienced specialists in the dismantling technology and disassembling of nuclear reactor vessels and Siempelkamp business units supply customers internals worldwide. Their innovative ideas com- with products and services that ensure the secure bined with practical and cost effective equipment operation of nuclear facilities. With our highly designs for reliable mechanical segmentation qualified and experienced engineers and project guarantee exceeding customer requirements and managers Siempelkamp is well equipped to meeting the highest levels in safety and quality. deliver to the exacting requirements of customers providing solutions to new challenges. Custo- New and Operating Plants mer confidence is reinforced by our world class delivery record that continuously demonstrates our • Engineering attention to safety and quality and to the provision • Refuelling Bridges • Specialty Mechanical Segmentation of effective field-proven technology operated by • Cranes incl. Polar Tooling highly experienced staff. • Multi-purpose Lift Rigs • Planning and Cost Estimating • Core Catcher Cooling Elements Equipment for Waste Handling • Stud Turning and Tensioning Tooling • Hot Cell Technology • Sealing Heads • Remote controlled Handling Equipment • Waste Handling Facilities

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14 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 Engineering Components and Services Worldwide

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Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 19 New Documents

EPRI The objective of the work reported Nuclear Regulatory 1. Summary of the EPRI Early Event in this document is to provide guidance Commission Analysis of the Fukushima Daiichi Spent on the performance of plant seismic Fuel Pools Following the March 11, walkdowns to satisfy the requirements of SECY 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan. Near-Term Task Force Recommendation 1. SECY-12-0081, Risk-Informed Product ID: 1025058. Published: May, 2.3: Seismic. Regulatory Framework for New 2012. Reactors. Published: June, 2012. As part of its Fukushima response, 4. EDF Implements U.S. Technologies The SRM on SECY-10-0121 EPRI collaborated with experts from and Lessons Learned to Optimize Nuclear directed the staff to continue to use nuclear utilities, vendors, and national Decommissioning Projects. Product ID: the existing risk-informed framework, laboratories to evaluate the key theories 1025663. Published: June, 2012. including current regulatory guidance, and available data in support of EPRI’s EPRI reports and software support for licensing and oversight activities for larger effort to provide timely information EDF’s long-term strategy to mitigate new plants, pending additional analysis. to the Tokyo Electric Power Company risks, manage costs, and ensure safety of Specifi cally, the SRM directed the staff (TEPCO) and other member utilities on complex demolition projects. to engage with external stakeholders in a issues relevant to the safe management series of tabletop exercises to test various of spent nuclear fuel. Early products 5. Losses of Offsite Power at U.S. realistic performance defi ciencies, events, included assessments of the following: Nuclear Power Plants - 2011. Product modifi cations, and licensing bases changes 1) re-criticality risk upon refl ooding of a ID: 1025749. Published: June, 2012. against current U.S. Nuclear Regulatory dry pool; 2) fuel pool evolution following This report describes the loss of Commission (NRC) policy, regulations, loss of cooling; 3) likelihood of localized offsite power experience at U.S. nuclear guidance and all other requirements (e.g., voiding within individual fuel assembly power plants during the year 2011 and technical specifi cations (TS), license channels, leading to cladding heat-up and provides insights into the causes of conditions, code requirements) that are or oxidation with release of hydrogen gas; offsite power losses during the period will be relevant to the licensing bases of and 4) potential signifi cance of hydrogen 2002–2011. new reactors. The purpose of the tabletop from radiolysis in a boiling fuel pool. exercises was to either confi rm the 6. Program on Technology Innovation: adequacy of those regulatory tools (and 2. Program on Technology Innovation: Volume Reduction Methods and Waste make the NRC aware of these potential Nondestructive Evaluation Inspection Form Changes for High-Activity Spent scenarios such that commensurate of Concrete Structures Subjected to Resin. Product ID: 1025303. Published: regulatory oversight can be applied) or Corrosion Ð State of the Art, Reliability, June, 2012. identify areas for improvement, such and Future Trends. Product ID: 1025627. This report studies the opportunities as potential adjustments to the Reactor Published: May, 2012. to reduce the volume of Class B resin Oversight Process (ROP). This report confi rms the diffi cultly in waste sent for disposal from both assessing the corrosion rate (that is, the pressurized water reactor and boiling 2. SECY-12-0084, Status Report on rate of steel loss), using linear polarization, water reactor plants. During reactor Power Uprates. Published: June, 2012. as a result of large uncertainties power operation, ion exchange resins are This information paper summarizes associated with the polarization area and used on site for a number of purposes, for the power uprate program accomplish- the variability of the resistivity in the example, reactor water cleanup, fuel pool ments and challenges since the last up- concrete cover when drying. Therefore, cleanup, boron recycling, and condensate date in SECY-11-0071, “Status Report there is a strong industrial need to develop polishing systems. These operations on Power Uprates,” dated May 25, 2011. a technique that can reliably measure give rise to the accumulation of spent This paper does not address any new the current loss in steel embedded in ion exchange resin with a wide range commitments or resource implications. concrete. This report mentions the use of chemical and radiochemical loading; of microwave holography, for which some of which are Class B/C in nature The above NRC documents can be a preliminary research project has or perhaps intermediate level waste in obtained from the NRC Public Document commenced at EPRI. international settings. Room, telephone: (301) 415-4737, fax: (301) 415-3548, website: www.nrc.gov/ 3. Seismic Walkdown Guidance: For The above EPRI documents may be reading-rm/pdr.html. Resolution of Fukushima Near-Term Task ordered by contacting the Order Center Force Recommendation 2.3: Seismic. at (800) 313-3774 Option 2 or email at Product ID: 1025286. Published: June, [email protected]. 2012. 20 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 Meeting & Training Calendar

1. Topfuel 2012, September 2-6, 2012, 8. Nuclear Plant Chemistry Conference, 15. 2012 American Nuclear Society Manchester, United Kingdom. September 24-28, 2012, Paris, France. Winter Meeting, November 11- Contact: Kirsten Epskamp, European Contact: Patricia Hamel-Bloch, 15, 2012, Town & Country Hotel Nuclear Society, email: enc2012@ French Nuclear Society, email: & Resort, San Diego, California. euronuclear.o9rg, website: www. [email protected]. Contact: website: www.new.ans.org/ euronuclear.org/events/enc.enc2012. meetings. 9. Licensing Forum, October 10-11, 2. 12th International Conference on 2012, Hyatt Regency Bethesda, 16. European Nuclear Conference, Radiation Shielding and 17th Topical Bethesda, Maryland. Contact: Linda December 9-12, 2012, Manchester, Meeting of the Radiation Protection Wells, Nuclear Energy Institute, United Kingdom. Contact: Kirsten and Shielding Division of ANS, telephone: (202) 739-8039, email: Epskamp, European Nuclear Society, September 2-7, 2012, Nara, Japan. [email protected]. email: [email protected], Contact: Atomic Energy Society of website: www.euronuclear.org/events/ Japan, email: ofﬁ ce@icrs12. 10. Bulgarian Nuclear Society enc.enc2012. International Conference: Nuclear 3. 6th Annual RadWaste Summit, Power for the People, Nuclear 17. IV International Forum-Exhibition of September 4-7, 2012, Las Vegas, Renaissance and Fukushima, October Nuclear Industry Suppliers ATOMEX Nevada. Contact: Exchange Monitor, 10-13, 2012, Hissar, Bulgaria. Contact: 2012, December 12-14, 2012, telephone: (877) 303-7367. Boryana Atanasova, telephone: 3 59 2 Moscow, Russia. Contact: Maria 979 5583, email: b_atanasova@inrne. Lisovskaya, ATOMEXPO, email: 4. 21st International Conference on bas.bg. [email protected]. Nuclear Energy for New Europe, September 5-7, 2012, Ljubljana, 11. International Uranium Fuel Seminar, 18. Waste Management Symposia Slovenia. Contact: Nuclear Society October 14-17, 2012, The Grand 2013, February 24-28, 2013, Phoenix of Slovenia, telephone: 386 7 491 Sandestin Hotel, Destin, Florida. Convention Center, Phoenix, Arizona. 02 01, email: ljubljana2012@gen- Contact: Linda Wells, Nuclear Contact: Mary Young, telephone: energija.si. Energy Institute, telephone: (202) (480) 968-7559, email: mary@ 739-8039, email: [email protected]. wmarizona.org. 5. OECD/NEA and IAEA Joint Workshop: CFD4NRS-4, September 12. NuMat 2012: The Nuclear Materials 19. Decommissioning Challenges Conference, 10-12, 2012, Daejeon, Korea. Conference. October 22-25, 2012, April 7-11, 2013, Avignon Pope’s Palace, Contact: Chul-Hwa Song, Korea Osaka, Japan. Contact: Pamela Liang, France. Contact: JG Nokhamzon, French Atomic Energy Research Institute: Elsevier, email: p.liang@elsevier. Nuclear Energy Society, email: jean-guy. telephone: 82 42 868 8876, email: com. [email protected]. [email protected], website: http:// thsr.kaeri.re.kr. 13. Electric Power Research Institute 20. 2013 International Congress on International Decommissioning and Advances in Nuclear Power Plants, 6. 37th World Nuclear Association Radioactive Waste Management April 14-18, 2013, Jeju Island, Annual Symposium, September 12- Workshop, October 23-25, 2012, Korea. Contact: telephone: 82 2 538 14, 2012, Central Hall, Westminster, Rome, Italy. Contact: Linda Nelson, 2042 3, fax: 82 2 538 1540, email: London. Contact: telephone: 44 0 20 telephone: (518) 374-8190, email: [email protected], website: www. 7451 1520, fax: 44 0 20 7839 1501. [email protected]. icapp2013.org.

7. American Nuclear Society/Institute 14. Web-Based Radiation Course, 21. The International Topical Conference of Nuclear Materials Management November 5, 2012, Contact: Anu on Probabilistic Safety Assessment 9th International Conference on Agnihotri, Nuclear Plant Journal, in Tokyo, April 15-17, 2013, Facility Operations- Safeguards telephone: (630) 858-6161 x 101, Tokyo, Japan. Contact: Hidetaka Interface, September 23-28, 2012, email: [email protected]. Ishikawa, Nuclear Safety Research Savannah, Georgia. Contact: website: Association, fax: 81 3 5470 1991, http://icfo-9.org/index.html. email: [email protected], website: www.psam2012.org.

Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 21 Life-limiting blade fatigue cracks, that utilities can act on in real time. AS the Research & which represent an increasing concern in robot crawls along the transmission line, aging turbines, often initiate in corrosion it uses various inspection technologies to Development pits. According to work sponsored by identify high-risk vegetation and right- EPRI and other organizations, corrosion of-way encroachment, and to assess begins and pitting damage accumulates component conditions. Zinc Injection during water-steam chemistry excursions Contact: Brian Schimmoller, email: Increased application of zinc injection caused by condenser leaks or by improper [email protected]. to reduce plant radiation fi elds has resulted layup and shutdown conditions. in several instances of tenacious crud An EPRI report to be published by Sequestration Resins formation on fuel cladding surfaces. At fall 2012 will present an updated version Novel resins reduce critical-path one plant, these formations have led to fuel of the methodology benchmarked against downtime, decreasing occupational failures. EPRI fuel surveillance and testing inservice experience with 403/410SS exposure and minimizing radioactive in recent years has advanced understanding components. The report will include initial waste volumes. of the role of zinc in crud formation and guidance for extending the methodology to During nuclear plant maintenance or its impact on fuel performance. These 17%Cr-4%Ni stainless steel (17-4PH) and refueling outages, current ion exchange results have been incorporated into EPRI’s other materials. Laboratory experiments to resins may require several days to reduce water chemistry and fuel reliability quantify the pit-to-crack transition in 17- concentrations of cobalt and other guidelines to provide recommendations 4PH samples are under way. activated corrosion products to safe on how to reduce crud deposition. Nuclear Contact: David Gandy, telephone: levels in reactor coolant streams. This industry implementation of this guidance (704) 595-2695, email: davgandy@epri. performance limitation often delays key has reduced the occurrence of thick com. maintenance activities. EPRI’s Offi ce and tenacious crud, thereby lowering of Technology Innovation is developing challenges to fuel integrity. Acoustic Mouse novel sequestration resins expected to The benefi cial effect of zinc injection The Phased-Array Acoustic Mouse provide at least a three-fold increase in on plant dose rates is believed to result for hand-held ultrasonic inspection is a removal capacity for transition-metal from two factors: (1) Zinc deposits on manual inspection system offering real- impurities in light water reactor coolants. stainless steel piping surfaces, reducing time 3-D imaging, improving inspection They also offer the potential for higher the deposition of cobalt and the resulting accuracy, component reliability, and plant overall removal effi ciencies, which would accumulation of gamma-emitting Co-60; safety while eliminating unnecessary reduce occupational exposures and waste and (2) Zinc preferentially deposits on maintenance tasks. management costs. fuel rod surfaces to create more stable fuel More commonly applied manual Contact: Brian Schimmoller, email: deposits, which prevent activated corrosion ultrasonic testing methods may lead to [email protected]. products from being released into the overly conservative interventions. EPRI reactor water. is creating an advanced, hand-held system Air-Operated Valves Contact: Aylin Kucuk, telephone: that could revolutionize nondestructive Digital delivery of maintenance guide (650) 855-2124, email: akucuk@epri. evaluation (NDE) programs by delivering on air-operated valves provides real- com. real-time ultrasonic images matching time, in-plant access to key component or exceeding the precision provided by information. Predictive Methods automated techniques at a fraction of the An increased awareness of the New predictive capabilities will help expense. importance of air-operated valves (AOVs) plant personnel optimize operating and Contact: Brian Schimmoller, email: has led to progressively more sophisticated maintenance practices and extend lifetime [email protected]. maintenance practices in both nuclear and after pitting damage is discovered in steam fossil power plants. EPRI is developing a turbine blades. Robotic Inspection knowledge transfer “app” for mobile and EPRI is on the threshold of Robotic inspection enables condition- tablet devices that will enable nuclear introducing the fi rst practical methodology based monitoring of transmission lines, maintenance workers to access a visually- for predicting and managing early stages enhancing safety, reducing inspection based, content-rich tool to support AOV of corrosion-fatigue in the steam turbine costs, and improving system reliability. maintenance activities. Digital delivery blades of nuclear and fossil power Overhead transmission lines are among of the EPRI maintenance guide will plants. For the fi rst time, plant personnel the utility industry’s most widely distributed enable nuclear plants to train and evaluate will have the ability to apply inspection assets, traversing tens of thousands of new personnel, refresh personnel on and operations data to predict damage miles, often in remote locations. To expand infrequently performed activities, replace progression, estimate remaining life, and inspection capabilities and increase face-to-face training workshops, and assess the risk of continued operations. cost-effectiveness, EPRI is developing a reduce staff travel. Preventing a single serious failure could transmission line inspection robot that can Contact: Brian Schimmoller, email: avoid equipment damage, personal injury, be permanently installed on these lines, [email protected]. and potentially several million dollars in and traverse 80 miles of line at least twice productivity losses and repair costs. a year, collecting high-fi delity information

22 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION Safety-Related and Enviromentally

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After more than two years of laborious, meticulous work company recently completed Ontario Power Generation’s compiling 50-plus detailed manufacturing procedures, the Fiberglass Reinforced Piping (FRP) Project, as part of the Aecon Nuclear N-Stamp team patiently waited outside the nuclear generating station’s Vacuum Building Outage. This boardroom with nervous anticipation. Everything rested on what project involved the removal and replacement of 14 FRP Risers, was happening during the next two days on the other side of two FRP Upper Down Comers, one section of the Main Spray those doors. Inside, three auditors from the American Society of Header and installation of weirs around each of the 14 UDC’s. Mechanical Engineers (ASME) were pouring over two thick One of Aecon Nuclear’s current ventures, the Single Fuel manuals of manufacturing procedures. Resting in the balance Channel Replacement (SFCR) project for the Bruce Power was Aecon Nuclear’s N-Stamp accreditation for the design and Nuclear Generating Station, involves tool assessment, construction of equipment for nuclear power plants. refurbishment, configuration management recovery, prerequisite “Waiting for the ASME verdict was like waiting for your report work, and execution. Aecon recently revamped its nuclear card,” says Eric Dyke, Aecon’s Manager of Nuclear fabrication facility in preparation for the project. Fabrication. “We had taken the course, done all the work and “Our newly-renovated Cambridge nuclear facility not only spent more than our share of nights and weekends cramming. allows us to train staff, but to also conduct full dress rehearsals Now it was out of our hands. We knew it wasn’t a sure thing; and mobilize our personnel, prior to the execution of our onsite only about half the applicants get their N-Stamp on the first try.” work,” says Macit. “This ensures our team has the experience to Any doubts the team had turned out to be misplaced. Aecon had complete the job right the first time, to the highest standards of a comprehensive nuclear fabrication quality program that met safety and quality.” all ASME requirements. These are just two examples of countless Canadian nuclear “If we are going to be a major player in the global nuclear projects Aecon has executed during the past 40 years. So it market, having that stamp of approval was absolutely seemed a natural progression for the company to prepare for necessary,” says Macit Cobanoglu, Vice President of Aecon nuclear fabrication work in the U.S. and international markets. Nuclear. “An N-Stamp provides assurance that design, On January 24, 2012, Aecon’s ASME certification, along with fabrication and construction for nuclear power plants comply four N-stamps, arrived in Cambridge. The N-Stamps (N, NPT, with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers’ strict NA and NS) are now securely stored in a locked cabinet. specifications.” And with that, he says, the door opens for “We were elated to pass the first time,” says Aecon Nuclear’s manufacturing and shipping products to the United States and Quality Director Dennis Lattanzi. “It was like going to the other markets. championship and winning. We put a really good team together Aecon is no stranger to nuclear fabrication projects. The and then knocked it out of the park.”

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Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.comAECOn.COm/NUCLeAR 25 We have discussed the world’s provide the safety. In 1971 the designer of situation after the Fukushima Daiichi Fukushima, i.e. General Electric, handed A Lot of accident not only in the eyes of the over their responsibility to the operator. operators but from the designer and And this responsibility should have rested regulator points of view. As concerns me with the operator during all the period of Work personally, the question that was raised the plant operation. on the 11th of March, 2011 as a result of Thirdly, today we were discussing Ahead the accidents in the Fukushima four units. one more important issue, an issue of By Vladimir Asmolov, Rosenergoatom. It was about the future of the nuclear the lessons to be learnt by the operating power. It has an absolutely clear answer organization, which is a paramount – yes, and those fourteen months after the task. This is not just the accident-related Vladimir Asmolov accident have proven that. lessons, which is obligatory. This means Vladimir Asmolov graduated in 1970 The nuclear power did not stop its the dissemination of the best practices the from Moscow Power Engineering movement; it missed a blow like a boxer operators demonstrate; the continuous Institute, with specialization in but it was not knocked down – it swayed analysis of the on-site situation; the "Thermal Physics”. In April 2006 he and went on moving. This opinion was publication of the internal reports to was appointed First Deputy General proven by our discussions during today’s review the emergency events. These Director - Director for Science and event. assessments should be absolutely open, Technology Policy, JSC “Concern What were we talking about today? and the knowledge should be disseminated Rosenergoatom”. First, we talked among all the involved stakeholders and about the absolute the public. This is a prerequisite for the He is the Chairman responsibility of existence of the nuclear power. of the Scientifi c and the operator for Then, I fully agree with Yukka Technical Council the nuclear plant Laaksonen who said that the self- (STC) #1 of the safety, about the complacency is perhaps the worst thing. State Corporation requirement towards Today it was said we had resolved the “Rosatom”, the the operating hydrogen explosion problem by installing Chairman of the organization to be passive recombiners. Scientifi c and permanently ready We could say: it is good that we did Technical Council for any accident and it; but we could also say in case of high “Rosenergoatom”, be guided by the hydrogen concentrations the hydrogen the Chief Editor main defense-in- safety system would not operate and this of the journal depth principles, i.e. is absolutely clear from the results of the “Rosenergoatom”. accident prevention performed experiments. Resolution of He is also a and management, the above issue requires immediate joint member of the which, as was efforts of all the concerned specialists from editorial board demonstrated by the both the operators and the regulators. of the journals Fukushima accident, During twenty fi ve years we were “Thermal physics of High Temperature” are of equal priority. investigating a probability of the steam and “Nuclear Engineering & Design”. Secondly, there were people thinking explosion. .On one hand, we could say He is a member of the dissertation that it is a designer who develops it is very good that we have an answer: councils STC “Kurchatov Institute”, a nuclear power plant, and it is an according to the experiments at FARO Moscow Power Engineering Institute operating organization who operates and CROTOS test facilities one steam and a board member of the Nuclear it. Life shows that it is not true. The explosion is probable per one thousand Society of Russia. features of each new power unit must core meltdowns. But I do not know meet the operator’s request being based whether it is good or not, and there is no In 1997 he won the Order of Valor for on the operator’s operational experience answer to this question so far. It means the participation in the liquidation of the and knowledge. This is dictated by the that those activities being under way consequences of the Chernobyl accident. operating organization’s responsibility. today in the framework of the new steam- In 1999 he won- The sign “Veteran of Continuous improvement of the plant explosion programmes are extremely nuclear energy and industry.” safety design features on the basis of important and necessary, too. This article is based on concluding new knowledge and on the basis of the At last, with regard to the comments by Vladimir Asmolov, operational experience is a fundamental containment fi ltration Noёl Camarcat the event moderator, at the Special and paramount everyday challenge to the from EDF informed us that all the French WANO Session at the Atomexpo 2012 operating organization. plants are equipped with the fi ltration Conference in Moscow, Russia on June It cannot be tolerated that nothing is facilities. But Rolf Janke from AREVA 4, 2012 . A Q&A by Newal Agnihotri, being done during the 30-year operation showed in his presentation that these editor Nuclear Plant Journal at of the plant and that it is supposed that fi ltration facilities have no elementary or people of the mid-60s foresaw all the Atomexpo in Moscow on June 5, 2012 (Continued on page 30) follows the article. possibilities in the design in order to 26 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

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M event. There is great experience in Russia Our experience in Chernobyl A Lot of Work... in different areas of Chernobyl. I mean area, when we were trying to evacuate Continued from page 26 the agriculture, health effects; also we thousands of people from contaminated have great experience with dismantlement areas, we overestimated the radiation risk. of destroyed radioactive materials. We In this case, the health risk is from some arranged fi ve groups. Russia and Japan, psychological risk after evacuation, it’s organic iodine retention fi lters. They retain joint groups. Two coordinators: from the much, much higher than the radiation risk. molecular iodine and aerosols but we Japanese side, it’s Hattori-san, President, In this case, we are ready to share with our don’t need any iodine in the environment Japan Atomic Industrial Forum, and from Japanese colleagues our investigation. Not – neither elementary nor organic. This is the Russian side, it’s me. only the investigation of how to remove why the activities on improving the fi lter Between Russian scientists, we shared the psychological stress. Everything will element third stage are again our common all written knowledge with our Japanese depend on the desire of our Japanese business. colleagues. The idea was after the fi rst colleagues. Generally, there is not and cannot be presentation, we will move to direct any reason for self-complacency! Today cooperation which is decontamination of 2. How will the international nuclear our operation experience with our nuclear soil, trying to predict the health effects community ensure safety of nuclear power fl eet is about 20 thousand reactor-years. If after radiation after Fukushima and so plants; especially, in “new build” not we just calculate directly the core melting on. But we discussed this point with having an existing infrastructure? frequency, so hated by me, then we will Hattori-san and unfortunately there’s no This is the real problem; I’m a member get 10-4. All the designers show their CMF; progress so far. Exchange of information of INSAG, International Nuclear Safety the most shy show 10-5, the more advanced is completed. The next step is to arrange Group. It published a document two speak of 10-6, and the most advanced speak the real activity using Russian forces and years ago, INSAG 22, “Nuclear Safety even of the values like 10-7 or 10-8. It is high Japanese teams. We are ready to openly Infrastructure for a National Nuclear time to stop juggling with the probabilistic support and to assist our Japanese friends. Power Programme Supported by the fi gures. The safety level of our reactor It was a very polite response from IAEA Fundamental Safety Principles". It’s installations were and will never in our Hattori-san with respect to the Japanese very detailed, we describe the procedure life be measured by probabilistic fi gures. government and with respect to the how a country must meet nuclear power In case of a severe accident we should Japanese embassy. As far as I understand, obligations.- what’s the fi rst step, what’s assess the plant safety, and measure time there is some political barrier between the second step, what’s the third step, available for the operator to eliminate the Russia and Japan and the Japanese preparatory activity. The independence of accident, by deterministic methods. government appears to have decided to a regulatory body is not enough. Much Probabilistic methods could be use a system from a different country, not more important is the competence of the applied for the comparison of safety from Russia. They decided to arrange the regulatory body - the level of knowledge, analysis results for a specifi c plant only: exchange of information without direct responsibility, and also, the preparation for example, when new safety systems contractual understanding. of an operating organization is also very are to be introduced in the course of the Thirty fuel assemblies were destroyed important. Emergency preparedness upgradings, or when some systems are in the Paks Nuclear Power Plant in of the country, some technical support to be taken out for maintenance; then it Hungary. It was a great example how organization which is ready to help with is possible to relatively assess how much Russians removed all of this very quickly accidents, if this happened is also important. better or worse it becomes. with low-dose received and it was a great The same discussion was in the frame of Colleagues, there is a lot of work activity and we proposed to arrange this WANO, but WANO is not the organization ahead. I am absolutely sure that the source kind of activity at the Fukushima site. responsible for the newcomers. For us, of energy we have shall serve for the good We have some great robots which it’s much more important to overcome of people, and it is our gift for them. And we use in our plants and cameras which the position of some utilities because we only our laborious everyday work aimed are protected from radiation, but they established this position last year during at enhancing nuclear safety will make this concluded some agreement with Areva the Shenzhen, China WANO conference. gift a true one. and now Areva has asked us to sell them I would like to promote all these ideas, and our cameras. In this case, my personal now, there’s some resistance from Japan 1. How is Russia cooperating with decision, we will stop maybe for a week, and Korea. Compare the activity of the Japan in sharing its knowledge on low- maybe for a month, but because of the new Atlanta Center, Moscow Center, and Paris dose radiation and other issues, common political decision, it’s impossible to walk Center. It’s practically similar preparatory to Fukushima and Chernobyl? using one-way road from Russia to Japan. stage, similar activity. The thinking is Last year, 2011, we decided together The road must be in both directions. also the same. In the case of the Tokyo with our Japanese colleagues to arrange The people in Japan don’t trust the center, it’s different. Currently; there is no a so-called coordinated committee and government, the nuclear society, and the independent position of the Tokyo center. the responsibility of this committee industry, and it needs time and good action was coordination between Japanese and from the government and the nuclear Russian organizations which dealt with all society of Japan. aspects of consequences of the Fukushima

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Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 31 IAEA's CNS sets clear The common position adopted by the Profi table obligations to operators regulators in Europe, i.e. emphasis on the The Convention on Nuclear Safety importance of continuous improvement (CNS), adopted in 1994, is the one and of both NPP safety and regulatory Nuclear only document that has legal power in the effectiveness was not equally evident nuclear safety area in all countries with in countries outside Europe. However, Power operating NPPs. after the accident in Fukushima the Article 9 of the CNS states: “Each idea of continuous improvement seems Contracting Party shall ensure that prime to be recognized more widely. My Generation responsibility for the safety of a nuclear conclusion from the recent international By Jukka Laaksonen, Rusatom Overseas. installation rests with the holder of the rel- discussions among the regulators is evant license and shall take the appropri- that no complacency is accepted and no ate steps to ensure that each such license operator should claim that it has achieved holder meets its responsibility.” Article such an adequate level of safety, which 10 requires that all organizations engaged does not require any more efforts for its Jukka Laaksonen in nuclear power production establish enhancement. Jukka Laaksonen is the Vice President, policies that give due priority to nuclear Rusatom Overseas. Laaksonen worked safety. Article 16 obliges to establish High level of safety in nuclear on-site emergency is a cornerstone for regulation for 38 plans that cover the profi table nuclear power years and the last activities to be car- generation 15 years of that as ried out in the event In many countries there are nuclear chief regulator in of an emergency and power plants that have demonstrated an Finland. In 1981- are routinely tested. exemplary way of producing power and 82, he worked for Article 19 empha- have achieved trust of the general public 14 months with sizes the importance in their neighborhood. These plants have the U.S.NRC and of analyzing the op- the following attributes of successful in 1987-89 for erating experiences operation: two years with and requires that • competitive production costs, the IAEA. He was the results obtained • power available when it is most the Chairman of and the conclusions needed, the Committee for drawn are acted • no harmful impact to the Nuclear Regulatory upon. environment, Activities, one In the regional • low worker doses, of the standing level, the Council • infrequent abnormal events, not OECD/NEA of the European causing signifi cant production losses, Committees from 1999-2007, and in Union Directive that was issued in 2009 and 2009-2011 he was Chairman of WENRA, and has been ratifi ed to the legislation • small accident risk, and also perceived Western European Nuclear Regulators’ of all EU countries is consistent with like that by the general public. Association. the CNS. In addition, it states in Article Healthy cost structure of a successful 6, the following: “Member States shall plant covers not only direct operating, ensure that the national framework in maintenance, fuel and waste management place requires license holders, under the costs. Adequate funds have to be allocated supervision of the competent regulatory in annual budgets also to: authority, to regularly assess and verify, • regular equipment modernization, and continuously improve, as far as • safety backfi ts, reasonably achievable, the nuclear • ensuring adequate knowledge and safety of their nuclear installations in a skills of the staff, and systematic and verifi able manner.” Thus • safety research maintaining and it confi rms what the European heads of improving knowledge base. the national nuclear safety authorities, Financing these costs is achievable members of Western European Nuclear without endangering the competitiveness Regulator's Association (WENRA), when the operator has established a This article is based on a presentation agreed already in 2005: “we commit positive feedback loop: steadily high by Jukka Laaksonen at the Special ourselves to a continuous improvement capacity factor permits adequate WANO Session at the Atomexpo 2012 of nuclear safety in our respective Conference in Moscow, Russia on June countries”. (Continued on page 36) 4, 2012.

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investments in the safe and reliable and decisions have to be consistent pointed out areas, where some operators operation. As experiences at many plants with the message. The critical moments have conducted major backfi ts of the have shown, striving towards good demonstrating real management attitude plants, while others have done no changes performance is in the long term always are situations when a decision has to be in the plant hardware to address the same better than short term savings achieved made on whether to continue production safety issues. The accident in Fukushima by cutting maintenance and operating when some problem in the plant equipment has now infl uenced the attitudes and costs. has appeared or whether to shutdown and policies of operators, and I expect to see It should go without saying that good fi x the problem. Another situation is when a more harmonized approach in the entire management practices are necessary for new lessons on risks have been learned Europe. safe and profi table production. These from operating experience or research: In Russia, the shortcomings in safety should include: are some actions needed to evaluate the systems of the operating facilities were • motivating each individual to risks at own plant and to possibly act recognized already after the accident in responsible work with self-imposed upon them? Chernobyl, and this prompted planning quality goals and professional pride, of large upgrade programs at all plants. • thorough planning and detailed Major differences in Planning of these Russian programs was scheduling of outages, supported by investments to safety of supported by the IAEA that organized in pre-exercised conduct of the most operating NPPs the early 1990’s several design review demanding works, International peer reviews have missions to Russian plants. After these • continuous and determined given a good opportunity to compare missions, a set of IAEA reports often called development of work methods, both regulatory policies and the policies “issue books” were written separately for procedures and staff qualifi cations, of operators in different countries. The each type of plant as a joint effort between and IAEA has since 1982 arranged OSART the Russian and international experts. • maintaining wide technical missions to NPPs and since the end of These gave practical guidance for safety knowledge and skills within the 1990’s also the activities of national upgrades, and the implementation of the operating organization. regulators have been assessed on the recommendations took place at the end IRRS missions. In the past one year, there of 1990’s when the economic situation Safety Culture needs to was an extensive European peer review at the Russian facilities had signifi cantly show up in daily life as part of targeted safety re-assessments improved and the necessary investments The arrangements and measures (“stress tests”) that were conducted in the could be made. The spirit of continuous by the operators shall refl ect their aftermath of Fukushima accident. I have improvement has prevailed recently, as I understanding that they bear the ultimate attended a number of those reviews and have seen on safety evaluation missions responsibility for safety. have noted major differences between the that I have conducted together with my Strive for excellence, rather than just countries and the NPP’s. Finnish colleagues and the Russian fulfi llment of regulatory rules, shall be As I stated above, the policy in Europe regulators to some of the Russian NPPs. self evident in any operating organization. promoted by WENRA and now also As concerns the situation in the USA, The operators following this line set their required by the European Nuclear Safety the policy question on whether to require own performance standards for activities Directive is to continuously improve maintaining or continuously upgrading they fi nd most important to ensure reliable nuclear safety. However, a consistent the safety has been discussed for years and thus safe operations. Striving for implementation of that policy has not between regulators in connection with excellence also means that the operator yet been commonly achieved at the plant the OECD/NEA co-operation. In the has a steady investment pro-gram. Such level. Some operators have followed this report of the International Regulatory a program is needed to keep the material practice pro-actively already since 1980’s. Review Service (IRRS) mission that in condition of the facility at least at the As a basis for safety enhancement, the October 2010 reviewed the U.S.NRC same level it used to be after the fi rst start operators have used their own living activities in regulating the operating up, and to improve reliability and safety. PSA’s that always provide a “top ten” reactors, a paragraph in the Executive Safety and quality must have list of risks that could be reduced. Other Summary stated the common view of higher priority than costs and schedule. operators have been more in a reactive the international regulators’ team is as This message has to be very clear and mode and have taken actions only when follows: “The NRC has a strong drive transmitted by the operator’s management some major events have been reported for continuous improvement in its own to all levels of the organization and also worldwide and have generally led to performance and has well achieved its to all contractor organizations working corrective measures. The recent report on goals. Industry performance has also for the operator. Management’s acts the European “stress tests” very clearly shown improvements as demonstrated

36 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 by improved operational performance world have clearly expressed their will to been possible to turn if proper systems, and reductions in risk profi les. However, make their plants even safer than they are resources, or emergency plans had been there are indications that licensees have today. available. After that they identifi ed subject not been as proactive in making voluntary Safety reassessments, similar to areas for careful engineering examination. measures to upgrade systems, structures, European “stress tests”, have been Not surprisingly, these were: and components with improved conducted in all countries with operating • Preparation for earthquake and technology as many foreign countries NPP’s and many ideas have been tsunami (natural hazards) have been doing to enhance safety. It generated on means to enhance safety. • Preparation of power sources is important that the licensees not rely The innovative thinking of many operators • Responsiveness to heat sink loss solely on the NRC’s regulations, generic has shown that we have not yet exhausted • Countermeasures against hydrogen communications, and inspections, but all means to make nuclear power safer, • Preparation for emergency events demonstrate on their own, initiatives and and even with reasonable costs. In this From each of the above areas they high standards of work quality.” This process there has been no need to wait examined in detail fi ve to ten subjects sentence was formulated carefully and for regulatory requirements because the and elaborated potential countermeasures in a diplomatic IAEA style but in my operators know best their facilities and on how the respective failures could have remarks as the IRRS team leader, I asked are in the best position to look at potential been avoided. These countermeasures more clearly: “What could be the NRC’s areas where improvements could be went beyond regulatory requirements, leverage to encourage proactive measures made. and gave a good “shopping list” for by licensees?” The European wide “stress tests” were analysis, development and possibly Concerning Japan, it was noted completed in April, 2012 and the country implementation. The study addressed already before the Fukushima accident specifi c reports on peer reviews that were even a potential combination of events on the IAEA missions that the Japanese made publicly available on the website that have not happened but would be have built and operated the plants very http://www.ensreg.eu provide a large conceivable: a major fi re connected with much following the U.S. model. For variety of examples from the initiatives fl ood, earthquake, or tsunami. the seismic hazards there was a solid taken by the European operators. Some regulatory basis in the USA at the time of those measures are already in the WANO’s Post- when the fi rst Japanese plants were built, implementation phase, and it is good Fukushima and consequently also the Japanese plants to note that many safety enhancement Commission has made have a robust seismic design with large projects were actually initiated before recommendations that safety margins. On the other hand, the the accident in Fukushima. Many actions a regulator can strongly risks addressed by the designers of the are adapted to specifi c plants but getting support U.S. plants did not emphasize the site acquainted to the country specifi c peer As I noted above, after Chernobyl specifi c risk factors such as tsunamis that review reports gives a good overview of accident an extensive international were much more serious in Japan. Also the general trends and also concrete ideas review of all Soviet designed NPP’s during the operating stage, it seems that for consideration at each plant. was conducted, and a systematic safety the Japanese operators have not made I am aware that operators in other enhancement programme was based on its plant modifi cations that would go beyond countries have started more or less similar results. We should recognize that a similar the modest changes that have been made safety upgrades as those in Europe. I program would be equally important for in the USA at similar plants. want to highlight here the ambitious work all other NPPs as well. I have understood conducted by the Japanese industry and that the scope of WANO programs Fukushima has operators in a joint project coordinated now suggested is being expanded to changed the attitudes: by Japan Nuclear Technology Institute review also the features and facilities “never again such a (JANTI). The fi nal report issued April 3rd, for accident response and mitigation, as catastrophe” 2012 is on website http://www.gengikyo. well as implementation of design safety The accident of Fukushima was a jp/english/ , and it demonstrates well fundamentals. This is an important and heavy blow on all of us who work in the the new very responsible attitude of the good move that I can warmly support. fi eld of nuclear power. However, it was Japanese industry and operators. encouraging that the political decision JANTI project started with evaluation Contact: Jukka Laaksonen, Rusatom makers and the general public in most of the course of accident at all four units. Overseas, email: YTLaaksonen@rosatom. countries did not lose their trust on our Based on that they made a systematic ru. promise on safety. It is also assuring to fault tree analysis on what went wrong see that many operators throughout the and where the course of accident had

Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 37 The public’s view of nuclear power of beyond design basis scenarios, just has certainly changed since Fukushima. guaranteeing operational excellence Nuclear Not only has the public’s view changed, wouldn’t necessarily prevent a tragic but utility operators are looking at their event. Today we believe that Nuclear nuclear operations through a different set Excellence is the sum of two things: Power After of lenses today. operational excellence and emergency response excellence. Fukushima Overview As an industry we must be ready for By David Farr, The World Association of This article provides an update on the unimaginable. Events can occur that Nuclear Operators. what the US industry has been doing in will overwhelm even the largest, most response to the Fukushima accident. capable company. Our response represents a new Emergency response must be robust, perspective. We call it “The Way and ready to address multiple units, Forward.” INPO joined with US Nuclear extreme external event, or the loss of David Farr Utilities, EPRI (the Electric Power infrastructure David Farr is the Director of WANO- Research Institute) and NEI (the Nuclear Atlanta Centre. Mr. Farr also serves as Energy Institute) developed an integrated A US Industry Response the Vice President of the International response to the accident for the United The foundation of the US response Division for the Institute of Nuclear States. The response resulted in some is to confi rm what we have and prepare Power Operations near term actions and the establishment for the beyond design basis event. We (INPO) in Atlanta, of a “diverse and must build on what has been done to date Georgia. He has fl exible mitigation including: held these positions capability.” I will • Lessons from Three Mile Island since January 2009. provide these in –EOPs more detail in this • Lessons from Chernobyl-SAMGs In his current article. • Lessons of Terrorist attack – B.5.b position, Mr. Farr The US is • Safety Culture is responsible also working INPO is working to verify conditions for conducting on developing for station blackout (SBO), severe accident peer reviews and an emergency management guidelines (SAMGs,) the providing support response plan for security order B.5.b., fl ooding, and fi re for 131 operating providing not only protection. nuclear units in the technical support, Atlanta Centre. but also equipment Previous Nuclear and materiel Accident Response Mr. Farr joined support. This plan Our nuclear response strategy before INPO in January is envisioned to Fukushima was focused heavily on 2000 and has integrate federal, prevention, a minor focus on mitigation, a served as Vice state and local somewhat stronger focus on response and President of Plant governments with then fi nally stabilization or recovery. and Corporate Evaluations, manager the NRC and Utility response capability. of engineering and as a team manager. Finally, I would like to provide Future Nuclear Accident Prior to joining INPO, he was employed briefl y about the Fukushima Forum. This Response by Commonwealth Edison Company. was a meeting jointly hosted by INPO and The Electric Power Research Institute WANO in November of 2011. Over 120 (EPRI) is playing a vital and critical role He is a graduate of the Georgia Institute participants from more than 20 countries in the US response. Specifi cally EPRI is of Technology, he holds a bachelor’s participated to share their approach in leading projects in the following areas: degree in nuclear engineering. Mr. response to the accident. • Updating Bases for Severe Accident Farr also holds a master’s degree Guidelines in collaboration with the in management from Northwestern A New Perspective PWR and BWR Owners Groups, University. The US industry gained a new GE-Hitachi, Westinghouse, Areva, perspective as a result of the Fukushima the Nuclear Energy Institute, and accident. Historically, our view had been INPO, This article is based on a presentation that the best way to prevent a tragic event • Developing guidelines to better by David Farr at the Special WANO like Fukushima was to work to ensure characterize and assess risk to a broad Session at the Atomexpo 2012 our plants achieved and maintained high range of external events, commencing Conference in Moscow, Russia on June levels of operational excellence. After 4, 2012. Fukushima we learned that because (Continued on page 42)

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If you knew NLI well ﬁve or so years ago, you might not even recognize NLI today. We’ve doubled in size (a couple times), quadrupled our square footage, and were recently acquired by an electrical products manufacturer, AZZ incorporated.

Following two decades of consistent growth, Around the time of NLI’s 10th anniversary and asked, “What is it that you do?” After NLI was acquired by AZZ incorporated, an the company was well established, primarily rattling off a long list of equipment types electrical equipment manufacturer and in the area of electrical products such as a few times, we began answering, “We supplier founded in 1956. NLI moved into breakers and motor control centers. In 2004, supply everything except fuel.” The first its new 200,000 square foot facility three NLI became ASME III N-Stamp certified— few times we said this in jest, but quickly years ago, quadrupling its space and realized this statement was close to the enabling nearly a 50 percent increase truth. Of course, NLI hasn’t yet supplied in staff, and a significant increase everything in a nuclear plant, but we have in sales. The recent acquisition will provided many things that might surprise enable us to take another quantum even those people familiar with NLI. leap forward. NLI is very well known for switchgear, NLI is often described as a third- low-voltage breakers, motor control party dedicator, and yes, NLI does do centers, stationary batteries and that. At one time it was a major part chargers; NLI supplies more of this of NLI’s business. But despite being equipment than any other nuclear one of the industry’s largest providers industry supplier. NLI is also a leading of third-party dedication services, supplier of chillers and HVAC equipment NLI’s main facility in Fort Worth, Texas this is actually a very small part of NLI’s as well as valves, actuators and a long business today. this was a game changer. Today NLI supplies list of I&C equipment. But NLI has also NLI was founded as an engineering a near even mix of electrical and mechanical recently qualified and supplied an emergency firm in 1991 and was soon approached products, plus instrumentation and control, diesel generator. by GNB. GNB no longer wanted to deal and HVAC. NLI’s product mix is also well with nuclear industry requirements on the diversified between operating and new The next time you need batteries they supplied to roughly half the construction, domestic and international, equipment for your plant— US fleet. NLI stepped in and this began and some DOE. especially equipment that is the transition from pure engineering to the NLI is very well known in the nuclear hard to get—give NLI a call. supply of equipment. NLI still supplies GNB industry, but at some recent conferences You’ll find out why we’re batteries today. some new people have stared at our booth really your single source.

40 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 Engineered Solutions

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^^^HaaJVTUSP Guidance for loss of States. These will add diversity and Nuclear Power... continuity of critical safety functions. Continued from page 38 power We established guidance for a given set of conditions- total loss of AC power Equipment Acquisitions for > 24 hours with a focus to: Nearly 400 equipment purchases have • Retain distribution been made or arranged. All US utilities with fl ood and seismic and then • Retain DC have committed to order equipment by expanding to broader areas including The US industry is working with March 2012 that will be compatible with high winds, low temperatures, and EPRI to develop a study with action the future implementation of FLEX. loss of ultimate heat sink. that can be implemented while awaiting About 40% of identifi ed equipment is on- • Development of models and analytical a longer-term solution. The study site and 82% will be on-site by the end methods for thermo hydraulic issues includes: of 2012. with the spent fuel pool (boil-off time, • Determine limiting conditions condensation effects, uncovered fuel, • Determine next steps to extend Off-site Equipment dose modeling, and other analyses) coping time Support to develop SAMGs for spent fuel • Determine how other similar plants The US industry is moving forward pools. differ in approach to establish off-site centers for staging of • Characterization of the radiological Procedural strategies are being equipment for emergency response. This releases for use in improving developed for the critical safety and to phase is looking to: emergency response. maintain functions. This leads into the • Defi ne equipment Diverse/Flexible coping strategy. • Logistics Verify Readiness for • Government support, as necessary Known Conditions Diverse Flexible • Central accountability for the line of The fi rst step of the US response was Response Strategy sight support. to verify readiness for known or potential Flex is a long-term strategy designed The key objective is to extend critical conditions. Our goal was to verify: to protect core cooling, spent fuel pool safety functions indefi nitely. • Station Black out strategies cooling and containment inventory. • B.5.b. security order We recognize, we cannot predict all Industry Technical • SAMG equipment means that can challenge critical safety Support • Flooding Protective Functions functions, but we can develop strategies In order to provide industry technical • Flooding/Fire Impacted by Seismic to preserve critical safety functions and support during severe accidents, the US We also performed a review of support monitoring. industry plans to have experts in multiple preventive maintenance strategies, Flex relies on diverse equipment areas designated by name. We have confi guration control, training, and protected from hazards. It’s a fl exible learned from our experiences during the inspections and established additional strategy recognizing variability in the fi rst week after the Fukushima accident operational controls for spent fuel pools. initiating event. The FLEX approach has with the utility TEPCO. The US industry three phases, established a team at TEPCO with a Improve • Each site performs site analysis for shadow team in Atlanta at the WANO/ Countermeasures site specifi c hazards INPO offi ces. We handled several Guidance was developed to address • Specifi cations for equipment hundred requests over a 9 month period. an extended loss of all AC power. We procurement are developed, However, it took too long to be effective wanted to understand the challenges • Periodic surveillance for quality, in light of the required time frame. and establish measures to extend critical maintenance, and testing are Our goal under FLEX is to setup safety functions. provided. a comprehensive emergency response The US industry also adapted a organization within 24 hours, including: diverse and fl exible coping strategy. Three Phase Approach • NRC interaction We call this “FLEX.” Flex provides an for FLEX • Utility support additional layer of defense in depth for Phase 1 relies on the use of already • Vendor support beyond design basis accidents. installed equipment. Phase 2 involves • National lab support Our goal is that the new Industry the use of installed and on-site portable Event Response will become an effi cient equipment such as generators, extra Implementation Status leverage of industry capabilities to aid the batteries, low head pumps. Finally, phase Nearly 190 man-years have been affected station. 3 involves the use of offsite equipment, applied to responding to the Fukushima transported from remote storage facilities accident. located in different regions of the United We now have a US Industry response strategy approved and in place. Equipment acquisitions, plant modifi cations, procedure changes are

42 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 underway currently. All is planned to be Insights the biggest problem once an injection in place by the end of 2012. A number of insights were gained fl ow path of water for core cooling was from the forum. For example, a loss established. Conclusion of control room lighting, HVAC, and We believe “The Way Forward” communications systems can have a Specifi c Actions which is the US response to severe dramatic negative impact on accident Participating plants committed accident scenarios is consistent with NRC response and must be considered as part to several specifi c actions during the orders, includes the key elements of an of a mitigation strategy. Forum. industry response plan, and will deliver a A number of gaps were identifi ed in fl exible response capability. SAMGs as currently written. Next Forum There is no standard “coping time” The November 2011 meeting was Fukushima Forum for loss of AC power that plants evaluate, very useful and provided great insight We hosted a meeting with INPO and plant-specifi c design differences into various approaches in dealing with in November 2011. It was called the make generic coping studies diffi cult to severe accidents around the world. The “Fukushima Forum.” Its purpose was to conduct. Limiting factors are as diverse US industry gained much from hosting share international approaches taken in as battery life, control room habitability, this meeting. response to the Fukushima Daiichi event. condensate storage tank volume, isolation We would like to hold a follow-up Scope condenser or reactor core isolation meeting, October 3-5, 2012 to provide The forum reviewed the fi nal stress cooling containment conditions. the industry with an update on progress. test reports from several countries. Filtered venting can prevent We will post the information on the INPO These included Spain, France, England, containment overpressure, reduce the and WANO websites. Sweden, Belgium, Czech Republic, and challenge to the containment barrier, the Netherlands. minimize overall radioactive releases, Contact: David Farr, World The forum also gathered similar and potentially preclude the need for Association of Nuclear Operators, Atlanta information from Brazil and Canada. evacuation of the nearby population. Center, Suite 100, 700 Galleria Parkway, A comparative table of attributes One severe accident aspect not SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30339, telephone; from the stress tests was developed. often considered is wastewater. In the (770) 644-8432, fax: (770) 644-8505, case of Fukushima Daiichi, this became email: [email protected].

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Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 43 First Learning from Fukushima: An Area of Focus – Improvement in Severe Accident Containment Integrity of Nuclear Power Plants

By Mr. Thomas Fink, General Manager Containment leakage through epoxy functions within the reactor, and their of the Nuclear Safety Division at EPAs under severe accident conditions seals must be strong enough to main- SCHOTT Electronic Packaging was not unanticipated. Nearly 30 years tain the pressure boundary integrity of ago, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Com- the containment vessel. While organic The severe accidents, which exceed- mission raised concerns about use of polymers, such as epoxy, meet the cur- ed the in-place safety levels at the Fu- polymer (such as epoxy) seals on EPAs rent design basis specifications for EPAs kushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in because of its vulnerability to heat and in first- and second-generation NPPs, March 2011, have created a worldwide radiation. A 1982 severe accident analy- nuclear experts have voiced concern re-evaluation into severe accident safety. sis by Oak Ridge National Laboratory that the effects of severe accidents Significant information is now in on the based on the Browns Ferry Unit 1 reactor which exceed the design basis condi- events that lead to the hydrogen explo- (MK1 containment design)1 concluded tions could compromise the integrity of sions. that “CEPA (Containment Electric Pene- the seal and therefore result in leakage. tration Assembly) over-temperature con- The Tokyo Electric Power Company stitutes an important containment failure Fortunately there are better seal tech- (TEPCO), the operator of the facility in mode during degraded core accidents. nologies available for EPAs. One of the Fukushima, reconstructed the accident For those accident sequences in which better seal technologies is the Glass- and found that the temperature inside containment failure would be caused by to-Metal Seal (GTMS) technology. Al- the containment structure rose to four over-pressurization, failure would most though just one part of the design mix, times the normal operating temperature, likely also occur in the CEPA seals. GTMS offers a number of safety advan- while the design pressure was exceeded tages over organic sealants to ensure by more than twofold. The extreme tem- Since the design of CEPAs is similar for the integrity of EPA seals and contain- perature and pressure levels overstrained all nuclear power plants, results of this ment vessels. GTMS technology is an the epoxy seals of some Electrical Pen- study are applicable to other boiling wa- inorganic, non-aging glass seal with etration Assemblies (EPAs) at Fukushima ter reactors and pressurized water reac- significant heat- and radiation-resistant and likely led to leakage of explosive tor containments.” properties. GTMS sealed EPAs have been hydrogen outside of the containment maintenance-free for 60 years of use. vessel. Once outside of the containment EPAs are the vital conduit for power, vessel, the hydrogen built up to an ex- control and instrumentation circuits The performance range of GTMS EPAs plosive concentration, which ignited within nuclear power plants. Their is staggering having achieved over 400 with devastating effects. performance is critical to running vital bar (5,800 psi) and 400 °C (752 °F).

Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) provided corrobo- rating evidence. In a presentation at the International Atomic Energy Agen- Glass-to-Metal Sealed cy (IAEA) summit in Vienna, Austria, in Compression March 2012, METI reported the likeli- Compression glass-to-metal sealed hood of containment damage due to feedthroughs comprise a metal housing, over-pressurization or over-heating, or a glass sealant and metal conductors. both, stating that “it is highly possible The preassembled component is heated to that the leakages were caused by dete- a temperature where the glass melts to the metal. During the cooling process, the metal rioration of the organic [epoxy] sealing housing contracts at a rate much higher than as a result of high temperatures by ther- that of the glass. This compression creates mal radiation directly from the pressure a highly pressure-resistant and hermetically vessel…[the] possible location of leak- sealed unit that offers the highest safety. age was top ﬂange, penetration of the containment vessel, and/or equipment hatches.” SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

In his paper,2 “Electrical Penetration Assemblies for Nuclear Power Plants,” Glass-to-Metal Sealed nuclear safety consultant James Gleason Penetrations: Stable, Proven (Longenecker & Associates) concluded, and Reliable “Modern EPA qualification programmes s )NORGANICANDNON AGINGMATERIALWITHVIRTU must include qualification of the seals ALLYUNLIMITEDLIFESPANATTHEPRESSUREBOUNDARY and the interfaces to field cables. EPAs s (IGHESTSAFETYANDPERFORMANCESTANDARDS with GTMS seals and high-performance s -OSTROBUSTSEALINGTECHNOLOGYFORHIGH interfaces would have technical advan- TEMPERATUREANDPRESSUREAPPLICATIONS tages over epoxy-based EPA designs.” EG 'EN))) (42CONDITIONS s 0ROVENANDSTANDARDTECHNOLOGYINHARSH For the last 40 to 50 years the contain- ENVIRONMENTS ment vessel has been one of the most .UCLEARSUBMARINES !UTOMOTIVESAFETYSYSTEMSAIRBAGS important safety features in nuclear pow- /ILANDGAS er plants. The accident at Chernobyl, (IGH PRESSUREANDEXTREMETEMPERATURE which had no containment, was an en- APPLICATION EG ,IQUElED.ATURAL'AS ,.' VESSELS vironmental catastrophe. Nuclear plants without containments have been taken out of service. Containment vessel performance during the accident at Three The benefits of GTMS EPAs include and systems for more than 125 years to Mile Island avoided harm to the public less age sensitivity, improved radiation improve how people live and work. As a and environment. The importance of the resistance, and because GTMS EPAs are business unit of SCHOTT, Electronic Pack- integrity of the containment vessel is the compact and rigid, better seismic perfor- aging is a leading manufacturer of elec- difference between an accident and a ca- mance. trical penetration assemblies for harsh tastrophe. environment applications such as LNG New passive plant designers and small vessels, terminals and nuclear power The nuclear industry is ever mindful modular reactor designers have been plants. These hermetic feedthroughs are of its role in environmental steward- specifying GTMS EPAs because of their based on the company’s proprietary glass- ship and improvements in containment resistance to aging and higher environ- to-metal sealing technology – deemed to integrity are common nuclear manage- mental capabilities. be the safest technology available today. ment goals. The advent of EPAs with GTMS technology makes another stride Construction engineers like the flex- For more information please contact: forward to improved safety goals and ibility that GTMS EPAs provide. Modern SCHOTT Electronic Packaging can provide improved severe accident GTMS EPAs can be converted to accom- A Division of SCHOTT North America, Inc. performance. modate changes in electrical circuits 15 Wells Street and can be installed early or late in the Southbridge, MA 01550 EPAs with GTMS technology have construction schedule thus providing Phone: 508.765.7450 [email protected] been replacing first generation penetra- advantages in scheduling and modular tions. Naval reactors have been using construction. www.us.schott.com/epackaging GTMS EPA technology since the early 1960’s. At nuclear power plants, a steady The new emphasis on severe accident increase in use of GTMS EPAs by nuclear performance due to the Fukushima ac- REFERENCES designers has occurred for many reasons, cidents has created another strong justi- 1 BWR CONTAINMENT FAILURE ANALYSIS DURING such as replacements for aging epoxy fication for GTMS EPAs. DEGRADED-CORE ACCIDENTS* – David D. Yue, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and W. A. Condon, EPAs, plant betterment projects, license University of Tennessee Department of Nuclear upgrades, digital and fiber optical circuit SCHOTT is a multinational, technol- Engineering 1982 – sponsored by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. additions, and reliability improvement ogy based group developing and manu- 2 EPA, Nuclear Power Information – James Gleason – programs. facturing special materials, components Longenecker & Associates consultant

Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 45 There was an initial discussion on submits that information to the NRC. Contribution the 3 USNRC orders for clarifi cation. Then, based on results of that assessment, The following dialogue belongs with that the utility may be required to do a margin discussion versus a specifi c question. analysis or a probabilistic risk analysis. to the Post One order EA-12-049 is Mitigating Guidance is still to come from the NRC Strategy for Beyond Design Basis Event. on that. What the industry has brought forth as Fukushima a solution to that is the FLEX program. 1. How has GE Hitachi Nuclear (GEH) This order has three phases: supported the utilities in response to the Efforts There’s an initial phase where the three US NRC orders of March the 12th By Judy Sneeden, GE Hitachi Nuclear utility has to use whatever they have 2012? Energy. installed to maintain their coping time/ GEH has developed a portfolio of cooling functionality. The transition hardware, software, and design solutions phase is where the utility can use whatever that align to the three NRC orders. In Judy Sneeden portable equipment they may have onsite. addition, we have personnel with the Judy Sneeden is the Commercialization The fi nal phase is more of a long term required critical skill-sets to support our Leader for the GE Hitachi Nuclear – possibly 72 hours after any beyond customers in response to the Request Energy Safety design basis event for Information (50.54(f)) on seismic Enhancement where they bring in and fl ooding. Aside from generating a Services business off-site resources. portfolio of solutions, we have had on- and is currently One concept for going Safety Enhancement discussion acting General the fi nal phase is with our customers across the globe; Manager. She has to have regional helping them to assess their current design been with GE for depots across the basis to their regulatory requirements. 23 years, 8 of them US. These would be in the company’s strategically placed 2. How have the utilities in the United nuclear business. such that equipment States handled the “Stress Tests” similar can service multiple to those that were done in Europe and Her diverse utilities. other countries? experiences The second Across the globe, each utility is include leadership order, EA-12-050 doing a stress test based on requirements roles within the Reliable Hardened defi ned by a regulator or, for the US, the GEH Nuclear Containment Vents Institute of Nuclear Power Operation Services business, is initially focusing (INPO). Internationally, the stress test Global Nuclear Fuels Americas, and on Mark 1 and Mark 2 containments. consisted of defi ning “cliff edges.” Some GE Aviation including product line The third order, EA-12-051 Reliable questions to answer are: when is it that management, new product introduction, Spent Fuel Pool Instrumentation is you experience cooling issues and when business integration, quality, and focusing on water level in the Spent Fuel is it that you experience core dislocations? inventory control. She is Six Sigma and Pool. In the US, that was defi ned by INPO (IER Lean certifi ed with a Bachelor of Science Then the NRC issued a 50-54 11-4). Also if you had more than one from UNC-Wilmington. (Request for Information Pursuant to Title unit at the site, you had to assume that 10 of the Code Of Federal Regulations they all experienced the event at the same 50.54(f) Regarding Recommendations time. So it wasn’t defi ning “cliff edges,” 2.1, 2.3, and 9.3, of the Near-Term Task it was defi ning when you have fallen off Force Review of Insights From the the cliff, you have no AC power, no DC Fukushima Dai-Ichi Accident) request power, and you can’t take credit for your for information on seismic and fl ooding. B5B equipment, unless it’s seismically These are the fi rst two external events that qualifi ed. The utilities did commit to, the NRC is focusing on. There will be based on what their vulnerabilities were, others that follow – tornado, wind, hail, to purchase portable equipment and ice, and things of that nature, but right to implementing changes at their site, now they’re focusing on seismic and specifi c to their needs, by the end of fl ooding. The NRC is asking each utility March 2012. to perform a walk down on fl ooding and An Interview by Newal Agnihotri, Editor a separate walk down with a focus on 3. How is GE Hitachi Nuclear helping of Nuclear Plant Journal at the Nuclear seismic. The utility does its walk downs, its clients meet the US NRC’s post- Energy Assembly in Charlotte, North ascertains any vulnerabilities it may have Fukushima requirements? Carolina, on May 23, 2012. with respect to its design basis, and then (Continued on page 50)

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Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 49 Contribution to... Continued from page 46

As a business, we have developed they have done post-Fukushima is to core dislocation, then you mitigate a portfolio of solutions based on the create a subcommittee, the Fukushima hydrogen production and you keep it at NRC’s criteria, which are the original Steering Committee, which focuses on a level that’s easily controlled by your 12 recommendations. Then, GEH works the post-Fukushima landscape. They current preventative measures. That is individually with each customer to have a couple of subcommittees looking one positive by-product of implementing understand what their gaps are to the Tier at equipment reliability and containment the FLEX strategy. 1 items and which are the orders they have integrity. Should the NRC or any other to comply with now. We also understand regulatory body go down the path of that, although the orders have been issued, 6. What is GEH’s involvement in wanting to look at hydrogen control and the fi nal Interim Staff Guidance (ISG) Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant? mitigation for beyond design basis, GEH with the specifi c criteria is not available Immediately after the earthquake and is positioned to provide our customers until the end of August 2012. tsunami, GEH set up a command center with a design and placement of Passive at our headquarters in Wilmington. We Hydrogen Recombiners to mitigate 4. Are GE Hitachi Nuclear’s multiple wanted to support our customer, TEPCO, this type of beyond design basis event portfolios related to hardware, software, as well to bring the 42 GEH workers that environment. or design? were performing an outage at Fukushima Our portfolio includes all of these Daiichi when the events occurred home Contact: Michael Tetuan, GE Hitachi aspects. safely. The command center was staffed Nuclear Energy; telephone: (910) 819- Our hardware portfolio includes 24/7 with our senior leadership, including 7055, email: [email protected]. solutions to mitigate all phases of EA- our top engineers. Also, we had people 12-049 Mitigation Strategies for Beyond from all over the world were coming to Design Basis Events. Examples include: Wilmington to help us manage the events. Turbine Water Lubricated pump, which TEPCO was in the midst of a signifi cant requires no electrical power, no personnel crisis as they were busy maintaining the Annual for black-start/operations, minimizes event, but we were very quick to offer our Editorial preventive maintenance, and mitigates assistance to them. So I think it’s important Schedule control system obsolescence of existing to note that from the initial hours after the systems; Air Cooled Heat Exchanger quake had happened, we were there every which provides alternate ultimate heat step of the way. In fact, Hitachi-GE, our January-February International Trade & sink capabilities; and large scale AC alliance partner, has 200 people on the Waste & Fuel generators with both bus and station load grounds today at Fukushima helping with Management capacities. cleanup and recovery efforts. March-April From a software perspective, GEH We continue to have on-going Plant Maintenance & Plant Life has NRC approved methodologies for safety enhancement discussions with Extension use in Defense in Depth analysis, margin the Japanese utilities understanding May-June improvements and licensing support, etc. where their gaps and vulnerabilities are Outage Mgmt. & Health Physics GEH has the unique expertise of being to complete their stress tests and helping the BWR OEM and as the performer of them fi nd correct solutions to close that July-August New Plants & Vendor Advertorial many plants’ Station Blackout analysis. gap so they can come back online. This coupled with in-depth knowledge September-October of the design basis and available margins 7. What is GE Hitachi’s contribution Plant Maintenance & Advanced Reactors for various systems places us in a unique in ensuring hydrogen mitigation and position to provide software and design control? November-December solutions for our customers. Hydrogen mitigation and control Annual Product & Service Directory is one of the elements in the Tier 3 5. How GEH interacts with the BWR Recommendation from the NRC. The owners group? ACRS committee has asked the staff to Contact: GEH is a vendor to the BWR look at hydrogen mitigation control and [email protected] Owners Group. We have done a few consider bringing it to a more near term telephone: (630) 364-4780 things for them post-Fukushima, but element however, at this point in time, it as a group of owners, they decide what is still a Tier 3 item. The industry position they want to focus on. One of the things is to mitigate – if you can mitigate for

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Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 55 1. Give me a global perspective on the manufacturing and constructing nuclear B&W mPowerª reactor; especially in plants and then reduce the fi nancing A Closer developing countries. burden. SMRs have major advantages in I think one of the basic ideas driving all those areas. Look at global interest is the scale of SMRs. They are very attractive to developing countries 4. What’s the status of mPower with with smaller or weaker transmission grids TVA? mPower because you can’t have a 1,000-megawatt We’re still moving forward with By Chris Mowry, Babcock & Wilcox plant on a 3,000-megawatt transmission that project at the Clinch River site. mPower, Inc. grid. Of course, there is also the cost We continue to work on the design and of building a large reactor -- getting the development of the project. Site fi nancing for a $10-billion project is characterization studies are ongoing, and quite challenging. So, a natural target we’re getting ready to do boring at the site market for SMRs is developing countries later this summer, so things are defi nitely Chris Mowry due to the reactors’ smaller size and moving forward. Christofer M. Mowry is the President affordability. of Babcock & Wilcox mPower, Inc., an 5. Do you have design certifi cation operating group 2. Internationally, from the US NRC? of The Babcock & with which countries No SMRs have yet been certifi ed, Wilcox Company have you had although we are in active pre-application (B&W). Mr. Mowry dialogue? discussions with the NRC. We expect that also serves as The interna- our application for design certifi cation President and Chief tional interest in will be submitted for the NRC’s review Executive Offi cer the B&W mPower in 2013. of Generation reactor has been tre- mPower LLC, a mendous. We have 6. How long will it take for US NRC joint company had discussions to issue the design certifi cation for formed by B&W and with Canada, many mPower? Bechtel to design, of the Southeast We have assumed a timeline of license and build Asian countries, about three-and-a-half years, although the next generation various countries in we’re optimistic based on feedback of nuclear power Europe as well as in from the NRC that this timeframe can plants based on the Middle East and be reduced. We have a very active pre- TM B&W mPower elsewhere. application activity going on with NRC reactor technology. There’s a lot of right now. Numerous design documents Mr. Mowry serves interest in develop- and submittals and topical reports have on the Board of ing countries. The already been submitted to the NRC. A Directors of the challenge in these fi nal design certifi cation application is Nuclear Energy countries is to de- scheduled to be submitted next year, Institute. He holds velop the regulatory infrastructure. From but already we’ve made quite a few a Master of Science in Mechanical that standpoint, I think it’s just going to submittals of topical reports and have Engineering from Drexel University take a little bit longer for these countries received positive feedback and approvals in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He to be in a good position to adopt nuclear. from the NRC. We’re very active with also earned a Bachelor of Science in the NRC right now and meet with them at Engineering and a Bachelor of Arts in 3. What is the motivation for countries least once a month. Astronomy from Swarthmore College in in the Middle East to order nuclear power The NRC has decided to take a Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. plants? slightly different approach and use There are many different drivers in design-specifi c review standards instead different countries. In the Middle East, of just the generic standard review plan, we believe they want to use the oil for NUREG-0800 (Standard Review Plan for export and not use it for power. Elsewhere, the Review of Safety Analysis Reports I understand that Mexico is making a for Nuclear Power Plants: LWR Edition), very strong commitment toward climate which was developed for evaluating change regulation, which is another large light water reactors. We’ve been An Interview by Newal Agnihotri, Editor factor that drives interest in SMRs. collaborating with the NRC on that now of Nuclear Plant Journal at the Nuclear You have the demand for nuclear for a for almost a year, so hopefully by the Energy Assembly in Charlotte, North number of different reasons, and then the end of 2012 or early 2013 that will be in Carolina, on May 23, 2012. question is how do you take the risk out of place. That’s an important prerequisite for having the design reviewed.

56 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 7. Are you using risk-informed large 1,000-megawatt class reactors with Bechtel is participating with us in evaluations for mPower for its licensing? distributed reactor system architectures. Generation mPower LLC and is designing Yes, we’re pursuing a risk-informed Their direct applicability to an integral the turbine island and will serve as the EPC licensing process. We’re conducting our reactor design cannot be taken as a given, constructor for B&W mPower plants. We own probabilistic risk assessment for and to buy down our licensing risk with also have some other companies we work the B&W mPower reactor, and that has the NRC, we’ve made the decision to go with. For example, SPX Corporation’s helped to inform our design process and forward with this test facility. Clyde Union division is working with us guide the decisions that we’re going to on reactor cooling pumps. We’re working make in order to reach our safety target. 11. Who are the other U.S. organizations, with General Electric on the turbine We are performing this assessment U.S. as well as international, who are generator and Northrop Grumman for primarily with internal resources and collaborating with you in terms of instrumentation and controls. using some contractors to support us. technology? This is an important part of reaching our (Continued on page 60) goal of 10-8 core damage frequency.

8. When did The Babcock & Wilcox Company start pursuing mPower actively? We started to move on this about four years ago, and the program publicly launched in 2009.

9. When did the original design of mPower evolve? The prototype was built in the 1960s -- that’s really the ﬁ rst integral reactor that we built for the merchant vessel Otto Hahn. It was a commercial nuclear ship built in the 1960s and operated for about 10 years. Following that, we did some design work over the decades with Department of Energy studies. All of these parts and pieces came together and formed the basis for starting speciﬁ c work on the B&W mPower reactor program in 2008.

10. Do the above-described applications alleviate the need for a prototype of mPower? We’ve taken an approach in which we don’t need to build a full-size prototype. However, we do have a scaled test facility in Bedford County, Virginia. It Nuclear Plant Journal’s new YouTube channel is full ﬁ delity, full height, and electrically features short (less than 3 minutes) videos covering heated. Because natural circulation, which the latest nuclear industry news. Visit our channel at is driven by gravity, is vital to the safety performance of our design, the vertical YouTube.com/user/nuclearplantjournal to see aspect can’t be scaled. However, volume the videos. and power have been scaled to a smaller size. For example, about two megawatts of electrical heating are used to simulate the energy from fuel. The main purpose of the facility is to Nuclear validate the codes and methods that we For questions, please contact Anu Agni- Plant use to predict and model how the plant hotri, (630) 352-3686, [email protected] will behave. The codes we use were JournalJ originally developed and validated for

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12. What are the passive features in 13. What are the basic risk management facilities in Lynchburg, Virginia, and mPower compared to what was in the features that mPower has which are new Bechtel’s facilities in Frederick, Maryland, Otto Hahn? as compared to the current reactors? with additional workers supporting the Typical of nuclear reactors, the Otto Our primary risk management program in Barberton and Euclid, Ohio, Hahn reactor had the capability to remove strategy is to focus on “best in class” and Charlotte, North Carolina. residual heat by way of natural circulation, technology that is proven and uses those or gravity, for normal cool down. For proven features as much as possible. For 15. Have you submitted an application a pipe break or a leak in the reactor example, we used B&W’s once-through for the DOE funding? vessel pressure boundary, the Otto Hahn steam generator technology for the steam We’ve submitted an application to relied on electrically powered pumping generator that’s internal to the reactor -- the Department of Energy to be part of systems to inject coolant to continue that is a major component that we have their cost-sharing program. We believe removing residual heat from the nuclear had good experience with and has been our operational testing and manufacturing core. The passive systems supporting proven. In general, we’ve only introduced facilities, signifi cant design progress, the B&W mPower reactor do not rely on new technology where we have to meet existing strong American supply chain such pumping systems. For events such specifi c cost goals or safety goals for the and unparalleled industry partnerships as loss of coolant accidents, steam line project. make us a strong contender for receiving breaks, or even station blackout, residual one of the awards. heat removal is achieved for the B&W 14. How many people do you have mPower reactor using specially designed working on mPower? Contact: John Ferrara, Generation systems that rely only on gravity-powered Currently, there are roughly 400 mPower; telephone: (704) 625-4912, fl ow and core cooling. engineers, designers and others working email: jrferrara@generationmpower. on the project. Most are at B&W’s com.

7. What’s your strategy to bring down offerings that highlights AREVA’s global Committed to... the outage time? capabilities – in inspection, tooling, Continued from page 54 There is a lot of pre-planning. You repair, chemistry management, and if basically start well in advance of the needed, replacement. actual outage and you make sure you take engineering analyses in support of their a look at the outage, what is the required 9. Concluding remarks. applications. In fact, a lot of the plants work that you want to get done, what AREVA is pleased to be a leader in have already been granted their life contingency do you need to account for, the nuclear industry. We are committed to extension and they are now evaluating the what is needed from a resource perspective this market as demonstrated by how much possibility for a life beyond 60. AREVA – so you do a lot of planning. I cannot of our portfolio is in nuclear today. As is looking at this possibility as well and overemphasize the amount of planning such, we are dedicated to the safe, secure, it is not too soon to start evaluating this that needs to go into an outage. If there effi cient operation of the fl eet. We are prospect. None of the challenges are are modifi cations going in, ensuring your looking forward to providing products, insurmountable – they just need to be modifi cations are prepared way ahead of services, and other technological dealt with in a logical and pragmatic time, in other words all your materials advancements for many years to come. approach. are staged appropriately, manpower is planned, etc. Contact: Michael French, AREVA 6. What is streamlining unique outage Inc., 4800 Hampden Lane, Suite 1010, time? 8. Highlight the maintenance practices Bethesda, Maryland 20814; telephone: In a few words - outage optimization. for steam generators. (301) 841-17402, email: Michael. We work with various utilities to optimize This is a very complex question – [email protected]. outages which helps them with planning, ranging from chemistry management helps them with their resources, and it also to inspection to actual physical work helps them with their cost. So we have performed on the generators. Needless worked with various utilities to minimize to say, AREVA is very engaged with our the outage and optimize the execution or customers to assist them in managing the schedule. the steam generators to get the most performance out of them. This has been and will continue to be one of our service

60 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012

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status of the damaged reactor cores as well is carried out to determine the limit of IAEA as structures, systems and components, functionality of radioactive material which are diffi cult to access for direct confi nement in the case of core damage, The investigations of the accident examination due to high radiation doses, as well as to identify any vulnerability have been under way by an “Investigation will be started, making use of knowledge of the entire facility to make continuous Committee on the Accident at the accumulated both domestically and improvement, with an aim to determine Fukushima Nuclear Power Stations internationally. the continued operation of the plants. of Tokyo Electric Power Company” Given the number of nuclear The stress test processes were (hereinafter referred to as “The power stations in Japan, it is necessary reviewed by the IAEA mission team Government Investigation Committee”). to confi rm their safety immediately. consisting of international experts in The interim report was issued in Therefore, based on the safety issues that January 2012. December 2011. were gradually identifi ed regarding the The stress tests on the nuclear Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety accident, NISA directed the operators of fuel cycle facilities will be evaluated Agency (NISA), as the nuclear safety the other nuclear power stations to take in the future. Refl ecting the failure to regulatory organization, refl ects on the various safety measures. prevent the accident at Fukushima Dai- failure to prevent common cause failures First, on March 30, 2011, NISA ichi NPS (hereinafter referred to as the due to the tsunami, leading to the loss of directed the operators to take measures “Fukushima Dai-ichi accident”), Japan total power supply, and a further critical against fl ooding and to deploy power is now in the process of reforming its situation, together with insuffi cient supply vehicles and an alternate water nuclear safety regulations. Among protection against severe accidents. injection system to help safety emergency others, preparation is under way to Determining that the lessons learned from actions that allow stable cooling of the establish a new regulatory organization the accident should contribute to nuclear core and other vital equipment even if responsible for nuclear safety for the safety from now on, NISA has compiled a tsunami equivalent to that which hit purpose of separating nuclear regulation technical knowledge so far available Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS strikes the and promotion and integrating the related along the accident sequence from its plant and triggers a station blackout and administrative activities. Examinations occurrence through various phases. On a loss of the ultimate heat sink function. had been continuously made at the March 28, 2012, NISA developed 30 On May 6, 2011, NISA confi rmed the Advisory Committee for Prevention of safety measures that should be refl ected implementation of these precautions. Nuclear Accidents by experts in order to into the future regulations. Second, NISA issued directives in also respond to the lessons learned from It is considered that these efforts July 2011 to conduct the comprehensive the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident and the helped clarifi cation of the causes and safety assessments, so-called stress tests, recommendations and suggestions of the progress of the accident. Verifi cation of the on all Japan’s nuclear power plants. The Integrated Regulatory Review Service cause and characteristics of the accident assessments consist of two steps. (IRRS) of the IAEA conducted in 2007, has been under way by the National Diet The primary assessment focused and the relevant bill was submitted to the of Japan’s Fukushima Nuclear Accident on the nuclear power plants which are Diet. Independent Investigation Commission under their planned periodic inspections After discussions between the (hereinafter referred to as the “National and ready to restart, determines whether government and opposition parties, in Diet Investigation Commission”) and the restart of the plants is allowable. order to create further independent nuclear other organizations at the time of It evaluates to what extent the plants regulatory authority, a new bill was preparation of this report. These activities can withstand a beyond-design-basis submitted to the Diet and passed on 20th will provide new fi ndings in the future. earthquake or tsunami without causing June 2012. The Act was promulgated on The more detailed investigations on the core damage. 27th June 2012. At the same time, focus The secondary assessment takes into will be placed on reforming the safety This report is an excerpt of the detailed account the implementation status of the regulation system including legislation National Report (dated July 5, 2012) stress tests in Europe and examination by of severe accident measures and the of Japan for the Second Extraordinary the government Investigation Committee, introduction of a backfi tting program. Meeting of the Convention on Nuclear covering all the nuclear power plants Together with this reform, various types Safety to be Submitted to the IAEA. The including those in operation and those of engineering review will be conducted to full report may be viewed by accessing evaluated in the primary assessment. organizationally make use of the fi ndings the website link: http://www.meti.go.jp/ The comprehensive safety assessment obtained from the review results in a new english/press/2012/pdf/0705_01b.pdf

62 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 system, with the aim of continuously the aspects of the systems, organizations, preparations for response to a complex enhancing nuclear safety. human resources, equipment and disaster of natural hazards and an In the nuclear emergency operation. We will defi nitely correct these accident at a nuclear power station had preparedness and response area, the fl aws through the actions mentioned been not enough either. So far, provisions introduction of the Precautionary Action above. In addition, people in all levels for a severe accident have been left to Zone (PAZ) and strengthening of the risk involved in nuclear power generation operators’ voluntary arrangements, and management system will be undertaken. will maintain and improve their technical have not been a regulatory requirement. In recognition that it is our skills, while maintaining close relations Japan must refl ect on these points. In the responsibility to provide the international with the international community, and new regulatory system, measures related community with accurate information continue to review and enhance nuclear to the above-described preparations are regarding the accident, we have provided safety to regain trust at home and abroad. included in the regulatory requirements. national governments and international More than one year has passed We must take it seriously that insuffi cient organizations with accident information since the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident safety measures taken so far aggravated and received various IAEA mission occurred. This accident is a very severe the accident. Concerning the regulatory teams. In particular, we developed and one as shown by the facts: electrical system and activities, continuous submitted two reports in June 2011 and in systems lost their functions extensively improvements have to be made, taking September 2011 to the IAEA, explaining due to the common external event of the new technical knowledge into account. At the accident sequence identifi ed up to earthquake and tsunami; severe accidents the same time, operators have to establish that time, actions taken to deal with the of fuel damage and core melts occurred a “safety culture” in which safety levels Fukushima Dai-ichi accident and those simultaneously at multiple units; the are ceaselessly reviewed. In the process, affected, and lessons learned from the accident affected a large area around the it is necessary to actively keep up with accident. Since then, we have disseminated site; and more than 100,000 people are the best practices in the world by having additional information on the accident on still leading painful lives as evacuees. close interactions with the international various occasions including the IAEA The on-site situation is also quite community and working closely with International Experts’ Meeting held in severe. We internationally have no them. Japan is determined to surely March 2012. This report explains the experience in accurately understanding establish a new organization/structure actions taken after the accident and is also the state inside the severely damaged which will be able to respond to any placed as a part of providing information reactors, taking out damaged fuel emergency properly. under the framework of the Convention from such reactors and taking steps for This report describes how Japan has on Nuclear Safety. We hope this will decommissioning, and it is supposed that responded to and what lessons Japan contribute to enhance nuclear safety all it will take several decades to accomplish learned from the accident, and what ac- over the world. such work. It is also viewed that new tions Japan will take in the future, from We will continuously commit technologies will be required for such the aspects of external events, design, ourselves to deal with the accident works. Besides, many challenges remain severe accident management, domes- and proceeding with investigation and in improving the reliability of measures, tic organizations, emergency response verifi cation of the accident, and will such as the presence of a large amount of and international cooperation. Although release additional information and the waste and contaminated water, and the it will take still long time to clarify the results of analysis on the accident to the fact that many pieces of the equipment for entirety of all aspects of the accident and world, preparing for “the Fukushima circulation injection cooling system are identify lessons-learned, we will continu- Ministerial Conference on Nuclear temporally construction. In addressing ously share new knowledge and lessons Safety” scheduled for December 2012 in these challenges, it is necessary for us with the international community at vari- Japan. to gather international knowledge and ous occasions, such as, under the Con- The major factor that aggravated the utilize it. vention on Nuclear Safety or the IAEA accident is that the people involved in There are a number of nuclear framework, and contribute to enhance- nuclear power generation in Japan had not facilities in Japan and it is necessary to ment of nuclear safety in the world. We seriously addressed the latest knowledge ensure their safety. Looking back on are also committed to dedicating all our about tsunami and international standards the accident, although the Fukushima efforts to make the best use of global cut- and best practices for nuclear safety Dai-ichi accident was caused directly ting edge knowledge and technologies including severe accident measures, and by natural disasters, i.e. an earthquake in response to accidents in the future. adequate preparation has not been made in and a tsunami, the assumption of these hazards had been insuffi cient, and

Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 63 SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

64 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012

Evolution of Controls for Objective governor actuator controls mechanical- Because of changes in the technical injection fuel pumps. With few variations, and regulatory landscape, nuclear plant this design has remained the mainstay of Nuclear- owners and engineers are faced with the nuclear EDGs until quite recently. These need—and opportunity—to rethink how systems are wonderful workhorses, Safety they handle controls for their emergency performing to roughly the same generators. requirements with the same components as they did 40 years ago. Engine- Introduction The traditional controls have two Key electromechanical components major attributes, each of which has its Generators used in emergency diesel generators tradeoffs. First of all, such systems are By Steve Greuel, PE, Fairbanks Morse (EDGs) are fast disappearing from the simple; consequently, they’re reliable. Engine. market. The computer-based digital Both diagnosis of a problem and repair controls that are taking their place can be done quickly. However, this introduce a whole new set of benefi ts simplicity means the system has only and issues that need to be addressed. The a limited capability for monitoring its upshot is that engineers must change the condition. These days, even a very basic Steve Greuel way controls for EDGs for nuclear plants commercial system has more monitoring Steve Greuel, PE, is manager of are designed. capacity than a traditional-design nuclear electrical engineering for Fairbanks With this change come two major EDG. Morse Engine, Beloit, Wisconsin. challenges: (1) ensuring the security of Second, traditional systems can be Fairbanks Morse provides custom- such digital control systems, especially calibrated and adjusted in the fi eld by engineered diesel engines for as requirements for safety qualifi cation several means, typically by screwdriver commercial, military, and nuclear become more demanding, and (2) adjustments. Among those who keep this applications. making optimal use of the wealth of equipment operating, such adjustments monitoring data that is now routinely are a respected art, but in the face of time available in processor-controlled engine and personnel turnover, it becomes very systems. Fairbanks Morse Engine has hard to track changes; as a result, the state been designing control systems for of the system cannot be known precisely nuclear, commercial, and military diesel nor returned precisely to its default generators for 40 years and is now settings. working closely with clients to defi ne the Fairbanks Morse still designs new landscape of digital controls. This traditional systems for clients that article reviews some of the ways in which prefer them, but the design options are we’ve been thinking about nuclear EDG becoming quite limited because many control systems. of the once-abundant electromechanical components are no longer manufactured. Analog, Finding parts that meet the requirements Electromechanical for safety qualifi cation has become a Control time-consuming task. By way of background, though, A new concern about traditional let’s take a look at the traditional design, systems is that, according to reports of which has served the industry extremely which Fairbanks Morse is aware (one well. For nearly four decades, nuclear published and one pending), aging legacy EDG systems have relied on analog, EDG controls have been identifi ed as a electromechanical controls. In the start known cause of several documented EDG circuit, with air pressure and station failures. battery power systems aligned, closure of a switch contact allows that power Embedded-Processor to work through to air-start solenoid Controls valves. In the engine, an electrohydraulic While some clients are seeking the time-tested certainty of electromechanics, (Continued on page 68)

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Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 67 Our supplier uses our logic designs means to make an impromptu change to Evolution of... to adapt a custom computer control the program. Continued from page 66 with an embedded processor. While Cyber threat this control unit outwardly resembles The topic of cyber threat is a rapidly a PLC, it satisfi es the most exacting evolving new area for controls. In interpretations of applicable codes addition to the inherent security of having other clients are asking for the other and standards. This approach provides a burned-in program inside the processor, extreme: full computer control. That high immunity to tampering or cyber we use another mitigating measure: The choice opens a wealth of options: attack. The logic remains the same as in sole digital serial link to connect outside Electronic sensors, operating at a traditional systems. the safety envelope is arranged so that it convenient 24 VDC, can monitor bearing can only broadcast; it is not capable of temperatures, water and oil pressures with Challenges listening. corresponding temperatures, and much The introduction of digital control Interpretation of codes and standards more—all of which can be displayed, opens many exciting possibilities for The regulatory codes and standards automatically logged, and acted upon. more fl exible control, but let’s look fi rst that encompass designing, testing, and In commercial systems, all of this data at some of the challenges: qualifying a system are known. Applying would be handled by programmable logic Confi guration control those codes and standards to an application controllers (PLCs). However, the very PLCs are well known for lack of that includes a processor is, arguably, quality that makes PLCs wonderfully confi guration control, being subject to a work in progress. Fairbanks Morse suited for nonnuclear commercial impromptu changes to the application is seeing a variety of interpretations in applications—their adaptability—makes program (software), undocumented customer specs—all of which are good them equally unsuited to nuclear EDG component changes, and even changes designs—and continues to work to clarify applications. to the manufacturing process for the this issue with agencies and customers. Opportunities The hallmark of current digital designs is their greatly expanded list of control features and the fl exibility for changes. Factory reset Digital control offers the capability to restore all of the optimization adjustments, such as the proportional- integral-derivative (PID) settings, to (Continued on page 75) Specifying digital EDG controls?

Consider these new options and issues:

Do you want a minimalist or a “maximalist” system? That is, do you want to use processors only where absolutely necessary, or do you want to exploit a full range of sensor capability? Which data do you want to use and how? Fairbanks Morse has been designing components. We address this issue by Engines can now report data on PLC-based control systems for commercial using nonvolatile memory for safety- bearings, exhaust, air, oil, water, fuel, engine generators for many years, but the qualifi ed controls; the fi rmware and cooling water, and pneumatics. Generator current regulatory requirements, which the application software program for systems can send data feeds of electrical are prudent, have required us to alter our the EDG main control, the governor power parameters; the list goes on! practice when designing nuclear systems. system, and the voltage regulator system How will you plan for new We now offer EDG control systems that are all “burned in.” Any changes must regulations? provide full computer control without be documented and tested and then Requirements for qualifi cation of using a PLC. implemented by physical replacement of control equipment may become more a chip on the controller card. There is no demanding in the near future.

68 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 DO-RA: universal accuracy. After 60 seconds, the results DO-Ra dosimeter in a cellular with potential accuracy are displayed on By Vladimir A. Elin, JSC “Intersoft phone the Smartphone screen informing about Eurasia”, Russia. March 29th, 2011, in the process of radioactivity level (dose rate) at the working on a column on a situation at location, of the studied object, food, etc. Fukushima nuclear power plant, an idea The DO-RA.Classic can easily be Vladimir A. Elin was born. It might be a good idea to have used as an individual emergency indicator Vladimir A. Elin graduated magna cum every person in the world own a mobile by the personal of nuclear power plants, laude with a B.S. in Technical Sciences dosimeter that will be built into a cellular while the DO-RA.uni with its silicon from the faculty of Instrumentation phone or a Smartphone. The idea might (Si) sensor is suitable for use as an with specialization in radio electronic have stayed on paper, but for a letter from individual dosimeter and, of course, as systems and devices at the Moscow State a nuclear engineer complementing me an individual emergency indicator of Technical University after the column came ionizing radiation. n.a. N.E. Bauman out. I revisited the The DO-RA. Classic is designed to: (MSTU) in 1984. column and realized • periodic or continuous 24-hour that a dosimeter in a recording and indication of equivalent In 1988, Vladimir cellular phone needs dose of gamma-radiation (“DEP”) of A. Elin decided to to be produced. its holder; give up scientifi c I decided to • periodic or continuous 24-hour research in favour name the future recording and indication of ambient of business, and model Do-Ra (from equivalent dose of gamma-radiation he went on to fi rst letters of the (“DP”) of its holder; create the medical- phrase dosimeter- • measurement of period of technology radiometer). The accumulation of DP gamma-radiation company “Bioteks.” future model was of its holder; 1989-1991 he prioritised on June • digital transfer of the accumulated worked as a 24th 2011 and after and stored data in the memory of the director of scientifi c a year and a half, a device thorough an audio channel and technological patent was received to the smartphone processor for laboratory from the Intellectual subsequent display or transmission “Infotech-Inter”, Property, Patents and through a mobile service provider to and as a director Trademarks Federal the center of the radiation situation of the Russian- agency in Russia. monitoring. German joint Patent applications The DO-RA.Classic can be used venture “Shanse”. were also fi led in the to assess the radiation environment and In 1993, together with the partners US, Japan, China, European Union and alarm the user of any radiation risk (above Vladimir A. Elin established the Ukraine. threshold), as well as to identify areas of company “BBB”. A team of developers from the contamination or radioactive sources of RFNC- (Russian Federal Nuclear Center, gamma radiation. In 1995, Vladimir A. Elin and his Russian research and development At present, the current confi guration partners set up a management company institute for experimental physics) in of the DO-RA.Classic allows it to be used - JSC Corporation “EMSTS” - (a Sarov city lead by the Doctor of Science as a detection device, not as a measuring unifi ed international system of bonded Alexei Kibalko as well as a group of tool. For this reason, its readings cannot warehouses). professional programmers worked on this be used in offi cial reports. project. To ensure accurate interpretation In 2007, Vladimir A. Elin together with of the results generated by the DO-RA. Vladimir A. Afanasenko established DO-RA Classic, users are recommended to a new logistics holding company JSC The Do-Ra device connects to a contact professional organizations. “Smart Logistic Group”. Smartphone through an audio jack and The DO-RA.Classic is best operated works in conjunction with a mobile in the following conditions: software DO-RA.Soft, easy to download • ambient air temperature from-20° C to any mobile device from the Internet. to + 55° С; After clicking on the Do-Ra icon, a • relative air humidity up to 95% at software program launches and the Do- temperature of + 40° С. Ra device starts to function. Measuring The DO-RA software also allows ionizing radiation takes place every 4 users to photograph the source of ionizing seconds and for 60 seconds the Do-Ra radiation. This can be done using the device constantly checks the results for (Continued on page 72)

Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 69 SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

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70 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012

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Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific DO-Ra... Continued from page 69

smartphone’s built-in camera. In this as reference instrument for calibration. Nuclear Plant Journal believes that case, the image of the source of ionizing АТ1321 has been certifi ed under NSS1 enablement of the general public with a radiation will contain the following and IEC 62327:2006. Both devices are radiation detection device similar to Do- information related to it: geographical similar. Differences in readings by 10- ra will be very benefi cial to the industry. coordinates, the time the image was taken 15% are allowed. It is also acknowledged that currently and radiation level. The image can be sent The certifi cation of the device is the developers have taken the fi rst step. via e-mail. expected to be conducted either at the Comments from the industry expert on Specialized Scientifi c Research Institute these devices, on how to make these for Instrumentation Engineering or devices optimally benefi cial to the general a similar state agency. Currently, the DO-RA already has the Certifi cate of Conformity from an accredited body obtained under the voluntary certifi cation program. Starting from October 2011, the DO- RA.Soft application has been available through all major online stores, including App Store, Android Market, WP7 Market, etc. , at no extra cost. A total of 11,000 downloads of the DO-RA.Soft app have been made so far, with 8000 downloads going to Android-run devices, 2500 to iOS-run devices and 800 to WP7-run devices. Right from the beginning, the DO-RA.Soft app has been available in Russian, English and Japanese, with support for many more languages being Background radiation dose planned. When you switch a phone or any The effect of radiation on various measurement. other device with installed DO-RA.Soft, organs. the software will automatically adjust The DO-RA.Classic is currently fi tted itself to the new user. public as well as to the workers engaged with the traditional Geiger-Muller (GM) We have plans to test it in Chernobyl in nuclear environment will be helpful. meter, which, according to its Russian in the future. The comments may be sent to the listed manufacturer, is capable of measuring contact person with a copy of the email to hard gamma radiation in the range from Sale and distribution [email protected]. 60 keV to 3 MeV. We are currently holding talks with There are two additional SBM-21-1DO-RA.Classic with GM several Japanese companies. The results organizations, worldwide providing/ meter may: Operate in the following range of the talks are expected to be fi nalised developing a similar devices. Nuclear of dose rate measurement of ionization soon. Plant Journal is in process of obtaining radiation. In the middle of 2012, we will direct information from the respective • From 1.5 mSv/h to 14.4 mSv/h have fi nished developing engineering organizations. with relative effi ciency +/- 15%, documentation for the Do-Ra device. A 1. United States’ Scosche’s Model • And with less effi ciency in a prominent company in Eastern Europe RDTX range of natural background specializing in promo-design is working http://www.scosche.com/consumer- radiation. on preparing to help advance Do-Ra’s tech/product/2254 The device has radiation calibration. mass production. 2. Japan’s Softbank’s model Pantone 5 Sources from set of reference 107 SH. spectrometric gamma-radiation sources Do-Ra contact: Julia Davydova, manufactured by Khlopin Institute are Intersoft Eurasia; email: davydova@ used for calibration. Also, we use personal intersofteurasia.ru. spectrometer /radiation detector АT1321

72 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION Utilities Seek Proven Solutions for New Challenges — AREVA Delivers

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Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 73 Angel Wings During the Arkansas Nuclear representatives, the feedback collected One Unit 2 “A” reactor coolant pump was very favorable. In practice, workers Improve (RCP) and motor replacement project, a gave Angel Wings a hardy thumbs-up for signifi cant amount of scaffold erection convenience, safety, ease of installation Safety and removal must be performed to and overall cost and dose savings over By Troy Hollowoa, Entergy Nuclear. complete the work. This large scaffold use of scaffolding. scope increases the potential for dropped The ultimate affi rmation was in objects and increases the amount of the results: both industrial safety and Troy Hollowoa radiological dose received. Ultimately, it radiological safety were improved. It was Troy “Butch” Hollowoa is a 23-year challenges the outage duration. determined that there were reductions employee at Entergy where he serves Using Angel Wings, 40 scaffold tasks that totaled 1400 man-hours in the reactor as project manager. were eliminated for the building with an 800 mRem savings of Hollowoa’s RCP project improving dose in the total outage budget. previous positions safety and saving We evaluated the hard-dollar costs. include auxiliary dollars. In 2012 ANO Besides savings on scaffolding, the operator, was honored by Nuclear other fi nancial benefi t comes from the component Energy Institute with a productivity gained when using the Angel engineer, system Top Industry Performance Wings. engineer and award in plant support for Welders that are comfortable in a maintenance fi rst- Angel Wings. secured elevation work perform more line supervisor. He Angel Wings are effi ciently. The Angel Wing is a quality is a certifi ed Project a safe, lightweight work platform that is lightweight and Management construction platform easy to put up and take down. The welders Professional, the that is useful for many have noted the work-condition benefi t of most important applications including using this new structure over conventional industry-recognized welding and cutting, and scaffolding. certifi cation for inspection and repair of a Angel Wings are a big improvement project managers. number of industrial – and over scaffolding in time saved, fi nancially, Hollowoa earned now nuclear – industry in safety aspects and any way you look at a Bachelor of uses. They are made from a light aluminum it. Science degree at Arkansas Technical alloy that is easily installed, dismantled An example of the true effi ciency of University and a Masters of Business and transferred by one person. the Angel Wings was during removal of Administration from the University of Angel Wings feature a compact, the Whip Restraint Girder (WRG) bolting. Arkansas, Little Rock. folding design. Each component is Using traditional scaffolding would have designed so that the stage can hold a required the scaffold to be constructed 440-pound load with a 4:1 safety factor. under each end of the WRG from below to An Angel Wing is a remarkably allow access to the bolting. After bolting simple product. It has been described as removal, scaffold would be removed, and Nuclear Energy Institute’s Top Industry a portable work platform which installs then the WRG would be removed. The Practice (TIP) Awards highlight the in minutes without special tools. It has sequence would be reversed during WRG nuclear industry’s most innovative also been described as a non-powered installation. techniques and ideas. suspended scaffold and as an elevated With the Angel Wings, the worker work platform; it qualifi es as a member carries the Angel Wing to the work This entry was a 2012 TIP Award Winner of the scaffold family of construction location, attaches the Angel Wing to the products. WRG and goes to work. The team members who participated Previously not used in nuclear but “We borrowed a best-practice included: Troy “Butch” Hollowoa, exclusively in the construction industry, from the construction industry with Project Manager, team lead; Terry a Job Safety Hazard Analysis was great results. I credit the team for being Freeman, Corporate Projects; David performed which approved to allow this proactive to put this in place. Sometimes Bauman, Project Manager; Terry type of portable work platform use at we get “stuck” doing the same things in Windham, Project Manager; Vicki Mills, ANO. nuclear – this is a brilliant addition to Safety Manager. Following hands-on demonstrations and discussions with safety

74 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 the ANO plant, for our fl eet and for the at the Star level in the Voluntary Contact: Margie Jepson, Entergy industry,” said Terry Freeman, corporate Protection Program (VPP). VPP is the Nuclear; telephone: (601) 368-5460, projects manager and team member. most prestigious workplace safety and email: [email protected]. Angel Wings have proven to be a health recognition program in the United simple-to-implement and highly-effective States. improvement for daily and outage work. Plant Background Arkansas Nuclear One is a two- reactor site located in Russellville, Ark. On December 19, 1974, ANO Unit 1 began commercial operations and six years later, on March 26, 1980, ANO Unit 2 began generating electricity for the state of Arkansas. The ANO Unit 1 license expiration date is May 20, 2034; ANO Unit 2 expiration date is July 17, 2038. Together, the plants supply 1,823 megawatts of power, which is equal to approximately 25 percent of the total energy demand of the state. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration acknowledge Arkansas Nuclear One as a 15-year participant Angel Wings Evolution of... retains the required monitoring and after-treatment systems become shutdowns listed in IEEE 387 (IEEE necessary, their processor-based controls Continued from page 68 Standard Criteria for Diesel-Generator will have to be arranged in such a way Units Applied as Standby Power Supplies that no possible failure scenario can for Nuclear Power Generating Stations) prevent the EDG from performing during the exact factory test values, even after as safety construction. a design basis event. the engine has been in the fi eld for any Flexible logic number of years. Digital controls also offer more Conclusion Diagnostic and monitoring capability fl exibility and variety of options for While much can be retained from Digital systems offer diagnostic and rearranging the EDG logic sequences. the logic of analog EDG controls, the monitoring options for every major Over the service life of the EDG, traditional analog hardware is rapidly element in the EDG system. On the there will be changes to the hardware being superseded by computer control, engine alone the monitored temperatures and the interconnecting wiring. In which provides far more features. Some now include the bearings, exhaust, air, oil, electromechanical designs, such changes decisions facing engineers and operators water, fuel, cooling water, pneumatics, are, at best, tedious—especially when are listed in the box. With careful design, and a few more. Add pressures, limit compared to simply swapping out the such as use of embedded processors, switches, and others, and the total sensor printed circuit card that contains the adequate confi guration control, and count can exceed 100 inputs. All this memory chips that hold the program. appropriate siting of the controls within information is available for data logging. the design, the benefi ts of processor Given all this data, the operator can have Future regulatory issues control can be safely exploited. a higher degree of certainty of the health Future emissions requirements may This article is based on a presentation of the EDG while it is running and at the affect EDG design in several ways. They at the Fall 2011 American Nuclear Society time it was shut down—and have greater may eventually necessitate the use of conference in Washington, D.C. assurance that it will start the next time. electronic fuel injection for emissions Fairbanks Morse provides this expanded control. This change, coupled with the Contact: Steve Greuel, Fairbanks diagnostic and monitoring as non-safety industry expectation of black start, will Morse Engine; telephone: (608) 364- construction (managed by digital serial require some new design planning to 8195, fax: (608) 364 8233, email: steve. link in a non-safety arrangement) and provide for the power requirements of [email protected]. the fuel injectors. Similarly, if standalone Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 75 Alleviating Tritium

Concern campaigns. In effect, they can serve as By Electric Power Research Institute. the proverbial “canary in the coal mine,” providing early warning of potential problems. Because the performance and applicability of these technologies are site-specifi c, however, fi eld During nuclear plant operation, leaks and spills can occur that lead to radionuclides such as tritium entering the soil and groundwater. While the levels of radioactivity in the soil and groundwater do not pose a health hazard, detecting and characterizing these leaks is important in ensuring public safety and informing remediation actions. Nuclear power plants typically implement groundwater monitoring programs to understand the amount of radionuclides in the groundwater, to assess the extent of the plume, and to prevent off-site migration. Samples taken using traditional methods such as low- fl ow pumps, however, may take as long as a week to analyze, resulting in a time Example of a downhole water quality lag between leak occurrence and operator probe. Photo courtesy of YSI Inc. awareness. Recognizing this limitation, EPRI has been investigating supplemental options An increase in groundwater Example of a downhole water quality for identifying leaks. There currently is temperature, for example, might indicate probe. Photo courtesy of YSI Inc. no viable in-situ technology for detecting a leak of hot system water from a the low levels of radioactivity found in particular part of the plant. Using an in- demonstration at nuclear power plants nuclear plant groundwater. Instead, EPRI situ sonde, temperatures can be tracked will be needed to fully assess their value has been exploring how technologies for over time and subtle shifts could trigger as groundwater protection tools. EPRI monitoring other chemical and physical an investigation to determine whether a is currently pursuing several such fi eld properties could be used to detect changes leak had really occurred or if the change demonstrations. in the groundwater that might indicate in temperature was a natural occurrence. contamination. These properties include In-situ sensors like sondes can detect Contact: Brian Schimmoller, Electric conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, minute changes and then alert plant Power Research Institute, 1300 West WT salinity, temperature, and water level. personnel through telemetry systems Harris Blvd., Charlotte, North Carolina One type of in-situ probe that such as radiofrequency or wi-fi networks. 28262; telephone: (704) 595-2576, email: has not been widely used in nuclear They also can be programmed to trigger [email protected]. applications is called a sonde, which automatic sampling systems when is specifi cally designed for long-term specifi ed changes are detected. This way, deployment in groundwater monitoring anomalies can be immediately detected, wells. Sondes can stay in the monitoring sampled, and additional investigations well between sampling campaigns and can proceed. www. provide information about groundwater The advanced technologies addressed temperature, conductivity, level, and in the EPRI report can enhance existing NuclearPlantJournal. pressure. groundwater monitoring programs by com capturing critical data between sampling

76 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 A Pioneer Plant The station performed major upgrades In other words, if one of the plant’s many to its reactor protection system (RPS) and back-up sensors fails, the new system Oconee Nuclear Station is located engineered safeguards protection system will automatically exclude the bad sensor on Lake Keowee in Oconee County, S.C., (ESPS), a fi rst for a U.S. pressurized and won’t use it to make decisions for eight miles north of Seneca, S.C. Unit 1 water reactor design. the plant. This prevents reactor trips and began commercial operation in 1973, The RPS/ESPS upgrades were further improves plant reliability. followed by units 2 and 3 in 1974. implemented on unit 1 during the plant’s The upgrade was a large undertaking Since it began operating, Oconee has spring 2011 refueling outage, making for Oconee, which planned an extended safely and reliably generated more than Oconee the fi rst plant in the nation to move unit 1 refueling outage to accommodate 500 million megawatt-hours of electricity the systems from analog to digital. Units the work. — the fi rst nuclear power station in the 2 and 3 will receive the upgrades during “As the fi rst plant in the nation United States to achieve this milestone. 2012 and 2013. While the operators’ to add this new equipment, Oconee Oconee is one of the nation’s largest interaction with the new system isn’t is demonstrating its commitment to nuclear plants with a generating capacity drastically different, the modifi cations continuous improvement as new systems of approximately 2.6 million kilowatts. and technologies become available,” This is enough electricity to power 1.9 said Oconee Site Vice President Preston million homes. Gillespie. “It’s enhancements like these Oconee earned the further distinction that have us well-positioned to operate a of being the second nuclear station in the safe, reliable, effi cient plant through the country to have its licenses renewed by duration of our license.” the Nuclear Regulatory Commission With more units to upgrade, the (NRC) for an additional 20 years. All project work isn’t complete, and the site U.S. reactors are initially licensed by the knows the industry is watching. NRC for 40 years. “Our plans went through an extensive Duke Energy nuclear power plants approval process with the Nuclear operate at a very high level of security Regulatory Commission, and we want to every day. Oconee was designed and be an industry leader for this important built with redundant safety systems and work,” Gillespie added. “The system RPS Work. multiple barriers to protect the public, has worked extremely well and we look plant workers and the environment. further enhance the safety and reliability forward to completing the upgrades on of an already safe plant. the other two units. World of Energy With the exception of a few extra “Oconee has more than two decades Located at Oconee Nuclear Station, indicator lights and digital read-outs, of operation remaining on its current Duke Energy’s World of Energy offers the system looks and feels the same as license, which was renewed in 2000,” educational activities and interactive the old one. Behind the scenes though, Gillespie added. “We’re making the exhibits for visitors interested in learning in cabinets full of computer equipment necessary investments in this plant, and more about electricity generation, Duke and large mazes of strategically placed we’re implementing new systems and Energy and Lake Keowee. This energy wiring, the system provides real-time guidelines that position Oconee Nuclear education center also regularly hosts free, assessments and calculations on a number Station as a leader in the industry.” family-friendly events. of important parameters. A more detailed article on Oconee’s On a continuous basis, the reactor digital upgrade, “Digital Has Served Digital Upgrade protection system monitors inputs like Us Well.” (Questions and Answers by When it came on line in the summer reactor coolant system temperature and Michael Bailey, Nuclear Engineering of 1973, Oconee Nuclear Station, in pressure, while the engineered safeguards Section Manager for I &C Systems at Seneca, South Carolina, was one of system monitors pressure changes in Duke Energy’s Oconee Nuclear Station) the nation’s fi rst nuclear power plants the reactor coolant system and reactor may be reviewed in Nuclear Plant to begin commercial operation. Years building. If any limits are approached, Journal, September October 2011 issue, later, it became the nation’s fi rst nuclear the RPS/ESPS systems can automatically Volume 29 No. 5, starting on page 32. station to generate more than 500 million trip the reactor or activate key systems megawatt-hours of electricity. In 2011, that would mitigate the situation. Contact: Sandra Magee, Duke Energy; Oconee completed two more fi rsts. On the fl ip side, the system also knows telephone: (864) 873-4608, email: Sandra. when to exclude inaccurate information. [email protected].

Nuclear Plant Journal, July-August 2012 www.NuclearPlantJournal.com 77 SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION

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