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UNIDAD EDUCATIVA JAVIER Monography ¨Corrupcion in latinoamerican soccer since 1950¨ Student Xavier Jurado Teacher Teresa Vazquez 6th grade 2017-2018 i 1 Thanking In first place, I want to thank god for giving me the opportunity to study. To my parents who gave me the gift of life and have always trusted me and made me the person who I am now. To my teachers who have thought me well and make me give my best every day. My friends who always supported me and gave me their advices and finally I want to thank Unidad Educativa Javier for giving me a second family. Monography introduction The following work is an investigation into corruption in Latin American soccer since 1950 and its purpose is to make known the meaning and cases of corruption that affects football to all its fans and representatives to publicize their risks and penalties and promote fair play under all circumstances, thus improving the most practiced sport in the world. Corruption in football is a subject with many precedents, but there are few occasions that are investigated and sanctioned. Studies have shown that corruption in football has increased considerably since 2000 due to external factors such as the entry of Arab billionaires who own equipment that destabilize the country's economy, and the economic problems of each region. There are many books referring to corruption that talk about the different cases that have been throughout history, which have interviews, surveys and forms for confirmation, there are other studies academically that claim that the percentage of corruption in football in America is greater compared to other continents whose main sport is soccer. There are investigations that cover corruption in sports, such as football. A well-known case is the title of Atlético Nacional, champion of the Copa Libertadores where the club president was Pablo Escobar, a Colombian drug trafficker who laundered money with the sports entity, which was discovered months later when he admitted being a supporter of the Independiente team in Medellin. It is important to know about corruption on a continental level because the economy and image of our football is affected. The monographic work consists of 3 chapters with their respective conclusions and recommendations that allow the reader to have a general view of the problem. ii 2 Index Heading……………………………………………………………………….. i Thanking………………………. ……………………………………………. ii Introduction………………………………………………………………….. ii Index………………………………………………………………………….. iii Chapter 1 1.1 Sports corruption meaning…………………………………………………. 1 1.1.1 Sports corruption penalty………………………………………………. 1 1.1.2 Typical actions of soccer corruption…………………………………… 1 1.2 The doping ………………………………………………………………… 2 1.2.1 Doping, what is the answer?..................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Sanctions…………………………………………………………………. 3 1.3 Manpulation of soccer matches…………………………………………….. 3 1.3.1 Sports corruption in bets…………………………………………………. 4 1.3.2 Sanctions…………………………………………………………………… 4 Chapter 2 2.1 Edilson Pereira………………………………………………………………. 5 2.1.1 Shame in Brazil…………………………………………………………….. 5 2.2Damaged championship……………………………………………………….. 6 2.3 Prison for Pereira ……………………………………………………………. 6 2.3.1 Arrest ………………………………………………………………………… 6 2.3.2 Actual life…………………………………………………………………….. 7 Chapter 3 3.1 Pablo and his soccer club……………………………………………………… 7 3.1.1 Causes………………………………………………………………………… 7 3.2 Atletico Nacional……………………………………………………………….. 8 3.2.1 Copa Libertadores 1989 …………………………………………………….. 8 3.2.2 Kingdom of horror…………………………………………………………… 8 3.3 The club after Escobar death………………………………………………….. 9 Conclusions ………………………………………………………………………… 9 Annexed……………………………………………………………………… 9,10,11 3 iii 4 Chapter 1 Sports corruption 1.1 Sports corruption meaning Considered a crime, it is called sports fraud or sports corruption when a manager, employee, administrator, or collaborator of a sports company, requests or accepts through a third party or directly an advantage of any nature not justified for a third party or for himself, as payment to favor or unduly disadvantage the sports society. 1.1.1 sports corruption penalty The punishment or sentence of the crime of sports corruption is sanctioned on the basis of the general modalities of private corruption, the sanction can reach from six months to four years in prison, economic penalty of up to three times the value of the benefit or advantage and special disqualification for the exercise of industry or commerce for a period of one to six years depending on the seriousness of the crime. It is possible that the penalty is reduced from three to six months in prison and the financial penalty can also be reduced by pleading in court depending on the amount of benefit or advantage and the functions of the offender. This must be authorized by a judge and approved by FIFA. 1.1.2 Typical actions of soccer corruption As you know, the crime of sports corruption can happen in many different ways. In football, the most popular sport in the world there are many cases of corruption, but the best known for manipulating players and sports authorities are doping and match-fixing, always seeking to unfairly altering the conditions of the game. In general, the authors are players and referees who break the FIFA regulation knowing their penalties and fines, for an opportunity to have an additional income of money or some kind of benefit, in other cases the infraction is made by sports club leaders or authorities looking to improve the economic situation, leaving the club in better position or seeking to harm a third party. 1.2 The doping The term doping is used to define the use of prohibited methods or substances within the sport. The AMA defines as doping any of the following violations of the anti-doping regulation.. • Possession of prohibited methods or substances • Not being available for tests that are outside the competition, not indicating where you are or not presenting the documents due on purpose • Complicity • The purchase or sale of prohibited substances or methods 1 • The presence of a prohibited substance in the body of an athlete • Refusing to give an anti-doping test without justification reasons. 1.2.1 Doping, what is the answer? The AMA is an independent international agency funded and formed in equal parts by governments and the sports movement, was created in 1999 and its main activities are scientific research, the development of anti-doping skills, education and control of the World Anti-Doping Code, document that explains the fight against doping in each sport and country in the world. The World Anti-Doping Code is fundamental for all sports, most sports have the adopted code and are governed by it. Numerous sports organizations at national and international level have taken the organization of the operation of anti-doping initiative, including educational programs, simulations and tests. The use of anti-doping programs is a very complex and expensive process that requires the most advanced testing technology, to have a sophisticated logistics, and the political will to punish code infringers. 1.2.2 Sanctions The World Anti-Doping Code establishes sanctions for violations of the rules. There is a provision to declare the suspension of 1 year, 2 years, 4 years or permanently, depending on the circumstances. Now there is the possibility of a reduction in the period of suspension if the individual provides important help in relation to the breach of the rules by another person. The historical results of an athlete could be annulled for a period of time and economic sanctions imposed. There is an endless struggle between those who are willing to help athletes cheat by exploiting medical advances and anti-doping testing technology. The AMA and others conduct research to improve detection procedures for existing and new substances used to improve performance. • Quality above quantity. Bring resources where they can have the greatest effect. • Espionage to complement the tests. Several of the most prominent doping cases have been discovered by informants instead of anti-doping tests. • Respect the rights of athletes. Although athletes have to agree to undergo anti-doping tests to compete, the regulations of the tests must be balanced and effective and respect the rights of athletes. 2 • Need for financing. Both governments and responsible sponsors have an obligation to pay to protect the clean sport they hope to benefit from. • Independence. Often, national or international sports federations, and even governments, have been reluctant to sanction their own stars. The tests and actions should be carried out independently of the sports federation. • Analysis of historical samples. Samples taken inside and outside the competition should be frozen and reanalyzed several years later, when science has improved. • Clearer responsibility. The responsibilities that the multiple national and international organizations must have are not clear. If the main "beneficiaries" of the anti-doping regime (athletes, the general public and / or another group) are identified, the institutional structure of the anti-doping regime could then have them in full consideration. 1.3 manipulation of soccer matches It is known as manipulation or match-fixing to an arrangement, omission or intentional act made to unduly alter the course of a type of sports competition with the objective of favoring or disadvantaging a party, eliminating all nature or part of nature unpredictable competition in view of having an undue benefit such as winning