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Teacher's Booklet
Ideas and Evidence at the Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences Teacher’s Booklet Acknowledgements Shawn Peart Secondary Consultant Annette Shelford Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences Paul Dainty Great Cornard Upper School Sarah Taylor St. James Middle School David Heap Westley Middle School Thanks also to Dudley Simons for photography and processing of the images of objects and exhibits at the Sedgwick Museum, and to Adrienne Mayor for kindly allowing us to use her mammoth and monster images (see picture credits). Picture Credits Page 8 “Bag of bones” activity adapted from an old resource, source unknown. Page 8 Iguanodon images used in the interpretation of the skeleton picture resource from www.dinohunters.com Page 9 Mammoth skeleton images from ‘The First Fossil Hunters’ by Adrienne Mayor, Princeton University Press ISBN: 0-691-05863 with kind permission of the author Page 9 Both paintings of Mary Anning from the collections of the Natural History Museum © Natural History Museum, London 1 Page 12 Palaeontologists Picture from the photographic archive of the Sedgwick Museum © Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences Page 14 Images of Iguanodon from www.dinohunters.com Page 15 “Duria Antiquior - a more ancient Dorsetshire” by Henry de la Beche from the collection of the National Museums and Galleries of Wales © National Museum of Wales Page 17 Images of Deinotherium giganteum skull cast © Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences Page 19 Image of red sandstone slab © Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences 2 Introduction Ideas and evidence was introduced as an aspect of school science after the review of the National Curriculum in 2000. Until the advent of the National Strategy for Science it was an area that was often not planned for explicitly. -
The Fossil Proboscideans of Bulgaria and the Importance of Some Bulgarian Finds – a Brief Review
Historia naturalis bulgarica, The fossil proboscideans of Bulgaria 139 16: 139-150, 2004 The fossil proboscideans of Bulgaria and the importance of some Bulgarian finds – a brief review Georgi N. MARKOV MARKOV G. 2004. The fossil proboscideans of Bulgaria and the importance of some Bulgarian finds – a brief review. – Historia naturalis bulgarica, 16: 139-150. Abstract. The paper summarizes briefly the current data on Bulgarian fossil proboscideans, revised by the author. Finds of special interest and importance for different problems of proboscideanology are discussed, with some paleozoogeographical notes. Key words: Proboscidea, Neogene, Bulgaria, Systematics Introduction The following text is a brief summary of the results obtained during a PhD research (2000-2003; thesis in preparation) on the fossil proboscideans of Bulgaria. Various Bulgarian collections stock several hundred specimens of fossil proboscideans from more than a hundred localities in the country. BAKALOV & NIKOLOV (1962; 1964) summarized most of the finds collected from the beginning of the 20th century to the 1960s, the first of the cited papers dealing with deinotheres, mammutids and gomphotheres sensu lato, the second – with elephantids. Sporadic publications from the 1970s have added more material. During the 1980s and the 1990s there were practically no studies by Bulgarian authors describing new material or revising the proboscidean fossils already published. Bulgarian material has been discussed by TASSY (1983; 1999), TOBIEN (1976; 1978; 1986; 1988), METZ- MULLER (1995; 1996a,b; 2000), and more recently by MARKOV et al. (2002), HUTTUNEN (2002a,b), HUTTUNEN & GÖHLICH (2002), LISTER & van ESSEN (2003), and MARKOV & SPASSOV (2003a,b). During the last two decades, a large amount of unpublished material was gathered, and many of the previously published finds needed a serious revision. -
Enamel Prism Patterns in Proboscidean Molar Teeth F
Elephant Volume 2 | Issue 2 Article 11 9-6-1986 Enamel Prism Patterns in Proboscidean Molar Teeth F. Daniel Cring Department of Anthropology, University of Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/elephant Recommended Citation Cring, F. D. (1986). Enamel Prism Patterns in Proboscidean Molar Teeth. Elephant, 2(2), 72-79. Doi: 10.22237/elephant/ 1521732011 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Elephant by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@WayneState. Enamel Prism Patterns in Proboscidean Molar Teeth Cover Page Footnote This study was made possible by a research grant from Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, and by the help of two friends, J. Shoshani and C. T. Madden. This article is available in Elephant: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/elephant/vol2/iss2/11 72 ELEPHANT Vol. 2, No. 2 ENAMEL PRISM PATTERNS IN PROBOSCIDEAN MOLAR TEETH by F. Daniel Cring Department of Anthropology, University of Florida Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA ABSTRACT: Molar fragments of five proboscidean taxa, representing three families, were examined under the scanning electron microscope for their enamel prism patterns. (Three of the five examined are extinct.) Results show that enamel prisms of Deinotherium are the least dense, whereas the prisms of the Elephantidae genera (Loxodonta, Elephas and Mammuthus) are the most dense, with the enamel prisms of Gomphotherium being intermediate in their density. No significant variations were found among Elephantidae genera. These observations correlate with those of earlier workers (e.g., Osborn, 1942) in that many of the morphological changes used to separate elephants (sensu stricto) from other proboscideans are the result of an evolutionary trend in diet, from the predominately browsing animals (having brachyodont thick-enamel molar teeth) to the predominately grazing animals (having hypsodont thin-enamel molar teeth). -
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J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014, 137-141 T HE PRE–HISTORIC PROBOSCIDEANS OF NEPAL RAMESH SHRESTHA Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan University Swayambhu, Kathmandu, Nepal [email protected] ABSTRACT AlthoughNepal is one of the native habitats of the present day species of the Asian elephant, Elephas maximus; it is also an important seat of early Proboscidean evolutionary grounds. Up to now four familiesand within them seven species of Proboscideans are recorded from Nepal in the forms of different fossils. Out of the total known Proboscideans throughout the world and Indian sub–continent, Nepal had approximately 3.86% and 14% respectively. This fact undoubtedly indicates that Nepal has remained an important place with perfect ecological conditions for the advance of elephants since pre–historic times. Keywords: Proboscidea, elephants, Rato Khola, Surai Khola, Babai Khola INTRODUCTION Nepal, as part of the Indian sub–continent, remained an important place for the evolution of elephants since Miocene some 24 million years before present (MYBP). Many palaeontologists have discovered various body parts of these Proboscideans since a long time from different parts of the country. The Proboscidea order (from the Latin proboscis) encompasses the mammals with long muscular trunks. The features of trunks and tusks were absent or less developed in early Proboscideans. The elephant trunk is a very special feature, which is very strong, mobile, sensitive, and they can use it to grasp things with it. The trunks have certainly helped out elephants and their ancestors a lot by adapting to strange environments and use it for special things. Fossils of Proboscideans have been found on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. -
How Many Species of Mammals Are There?
Journal of Mammalogy, 99(1):1–14, 2018 DOI:10.1093/jmammal/gyx147 INVITED PAPER How many species of mammals are there? CONNOR J. BURGIN,1 JOCELYN P. COLELLA,1 PHILIP L. KAHN, AND NATHAN S. UPHAM* Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA (CJB) Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA (JPC) Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA (PLK) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA (NSU) Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA (NSU) 1Co-first authors. * Correspondent: [email protected] Accurate taxonomy is central to the study of biological diversity, as it provides the needed evolutionary framework for taxon sampling and interpreting results. While the number of recognized species in the class Mammalia has increased through time, tabulation of those increases has relied on the sporadic release of revisionary compendia like the Mammal Species of the World (MSW) series. Here, we present the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD), a digital, publically accessible, and updateable list of all mammalian species, now available online: https://mammaldiversity.org. The MDD will continue to be updated as manuscripts describing new species and higher taxonomic changes are released. Starting from the baseline of the 3rd edition of MSW (MSW3), we performed a review of taxonomic changes published since 2004 and digitally linked species names to their original descriptions and subsequent revisionary articles in an interactive, hierarchical database. We found 6,495 species of currently recognized mammals (96 recently extinct, 6,399 extant), compared to 5,416 in MSW3 (75 extinct, 5,341 extant)—an increase of 1,079 species in about 13 years, including 11 species newly described as having gone extinct in the last 500 years. -
A Partial Skeleton of Deinotherium (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from The
Palaeobio Palaeoenv (2014) 94:49–70 DOI 10.1007/s12549-013-0140-x ORIGINAL PAPER ApartialskeletonofDeinotherium (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the late Middle Miocene Gratkorn locality (Austria) Manuela Aiglstorfer & Ursula B. Göhlich & Madelaine Böhme & Martin Gross Received: 26 September 2013 /Revised: 11 November 2013 /Accepted: 28 November 2013 /Published online: 11 February 2014 # Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract A disarticulated, though still roughly associated Keywords Biostratigraphy . Biochronology . Styria . partial Deinotherium skeleton from the late Middle Sarmatian . Central Europe . Deinotherium levius . Miocene (late Sarmatian sensu stricto; 12.2–12.0 Ma) Deinotherium giganteum Gratkorn locality (Austria) is described. Based on dimen- sions and morphology of the material it can be determined as a medium-sized taxon of Deinotheriidae and definitively Introduction assigned to the genus Deinotherium. This specimen from Gratkorn confirms the osteological differences in the Deinothere remains are frequent findings in the Miocene postcrania between Prodeinotherium and Deinotherium. of Europe and a useful tool for biochronological and As the diagnostically important p/3 is missing on the biostratigraphical considerations (see, e.g. Dehm 1960; specimen it can only be assigned to Deinotherium levius Huttunen 2002a, b;Böhmeetal.2012; Pickford and vel giganteum. The Gratkorn specimen is one of not many Pourabrishami 2013). Following recent works (Böhme et al. skeletons of a medium-sized taxon of Deinotheriidae and 2012; Pickford and Pourabrishami 2013) on the stratigraphic one of only a few well-dated late Middle Miocene occur- range of the different species, the genus Prodeinotherium Éhik, rences in Central Europe with associated dental and post- 1930 can be considered as indicative for the Early to middle cranial material. -
On a Deinotherium (Proboscidea) Finding in the Neogene of Crete Athanassios Athanassiou
On a Deinotherium (Proboscidea) finding in the Neogene of Crete Athanassios Athanassiou To cite this version: Athanassios Athanassiou. On a Deinotherium (Proboscidea) finding in the Neogene of Crete. Carnets de Geologie, Carnets de Geologie, 2004, CG2004 (L05), pp.1-7. hal-00142751 HAL Id: hal-00142751 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00142751 Submitted on 20 Apr 2007 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Carnets de Géologie / Notebooks on Geology - Letter 2004/05 (CG2004_L05) On a Deinotherium (Proboscidea) finding in the Neogene of Crete 1 Athanassios ATHANASSIOU Abstract: This paper reports the discovery of an incomplete proboscidean mandible near the village of Maroniá in eastern Crete. The fragment described here includes the first molar (m1) of a deinothere, that because of its large size is identified as Deinotherium giganteum. The specimen was found in shallow-water marine sediments. The presence of Deinotherium on the island, together with other Miocene vertebrate faunas, suggests that during that epoch Crete was connected to the mainland by a wide land bridge. Key Words: Greece; Crete; Late Miocene; Proboscidea; Deinotherium Citation: ATHANASSIOU A. (2004).- On a Deinotherium (Proboscidea) finding in the Neogene of Crete.- Carnets de Géologie / Notebooks on Geology, Brest, Letter 2004/05 (CG2004_L05) Résumé : Découverte de Deinotherium (Proboscidea) dans le Néogène de Crète.- Près du village Maroniá, en Crète orientale, une formation marine miocène a livré une mandibule incomplète de Proboscidien. -
The Middle Miocene Hominoid Site of Çandır, Turkey : General Paleoecological Conclusions from the Mammalian Fauna Denis Geraads, David Begun, Erksin Güleç
The middle Miocene hominoid site of Çandır, Turkey : general paleoecological conclusions from the mammalian fauna Denis Geraads, David Begun, Erksin Güleç To cite this version: Denis Geraads, David Begun, Erksin Güleç. The middle Miocene hominoid site of Çandır, Turkey : general paleoecological conclusions from the mammalian fauna. Courier Forschungsinstitut Sencken- berg, 2003, 240, pp.241-250. halshs-00009910 HAL Id: halshs-00009910 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00009910 Submitted on 3 Apr 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The middle Miocene hominoid site of Çandır, Turkey: general paleoecological conclusions from the mammalian fauna. 7 figures Denis GERAADS, UPR 2147 CNRS - 44 rue de l'Amiral Mouchez, 75014 PARIS - FRANCE [email protected] David R. BEGUN, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, CANADA, [email protected] Erksin GÜLEÇ, Dil ve Tarih Cografya Fakültesi, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, TURKEY [email protected] ABSTRACT: The rich collection of large mammals together with the detailed analysis of the depositional environment provide the basis for a reconstruction of the paleoenvironment at the middle Miocene Çandır. The predominance of grazing large Mammals in the Griphopithecus locality implies a relatively open landscape. -
Deinothere and Mastodons from the Brukenthal Museum Natural Science Collection
North-Western Journal of Zoology Vol. 4, No. 1, 2008, pp.108-118 [Online: Vol.4, 2008: 21] Deinothere and Mastodons from the Brukenthal Museum Natural Science Collection Vlad CODREA1 and Rodica CIOBANU2 1. “Babeş-Bolyai” University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Department of Geology-Palaeontology, 1 Kogălniceanu Str., 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Rumania 2. Brukenthal Museum, Natural Science Branch, Sibiu, Romania * Corresponding author: Codrea, V., E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Among the fossil vertebrate collection at the Brukenthal Museum of Natural Science in Sibiu, there are a number of mastodon cheek teeth and a single deinothere premolar. Some of these fossils are rare in Romania, documenting species as Deinotherium giganteum or Gomphotherium angustidens. Another molar fragment, which could be related to Anancus arvernenis, originates form Cheile Dâmbovicioarei. Its origin is strange, because this locality is devoid of Late Miocene or younger deposits, where this species should occur. All these Probiscidean localities are new for Romania. Key words: Deinothere, mastodons, Transylvanian Basin, South Carpathians, Middle Miocene, ?Pliocene Introduction Sciences Society in Sibiu (Siebenbürgische Verein für Naturwissenschaften zu In 1841 as a consequence of Hermannstadt). This new society con- progress in natural history research in ducted research in all natural sciences Transylvania, some Sibiu intellectuals, realms, trying to spread knowledge founded the Society for research of among all those interested in natural Transylvania (Verein für Siebenbürgische sciences. The society members did their Landeskunde), whose aim was to best in forming new collections focused continue research concerning both the on different biological and geological history and natural sciences of the area. -
Proboscidea (Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene of Crevillente (Alicante, Spain)
SG126 079-110 mazo 16-01-2007 09:03 Pagina 79 Proboscidea (Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene of Crevillente (Alicante, Spain) A.V. Mazo & P. Montoya Mazo, A.V. & Montoya, P. Proboscidea (Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene of Crevillente (Alicante, Spain). Scripta Geologica, 126: 79-109, 8 figs., 8 pls, 7 tables, Leiden, November 2003. A.V. Mazo, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; P. Montoya, Departament de Geologia, Àrea de Paleontologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain ([email protected]). Key words — Proboscidea, Tetralophodon, Deinotherium, Miocene, Spain. The fossil Proboscidea from the Spanish Turolian (Upper Miocene) sites of Crevillente 2 (MN11) and Crevillente 15 and 16 (MN12) are described. The mastodont from Crevillente 2 is assigned to Tetralo- phodon cf. longirostris ‘grandincisivoid form’, recognised for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula, and that from Crevillente 16 to Tetralophodon longirostris. The Deinotheriidae from Crevillente 2 and Crevillente 15 are identified as Deinotherium giganteum and Deinotherium sp., respectively. The status of ‘Mastodon’ grandincisivus and the ‘grandincisivoid forms’ of Gomphotherium and Tetralophodon are discussed. Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 79 Systematic palaeontology ........................................................................................................................ -
Table of Contents
Educator Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS Unit LESSON PLANS Page Unit 1: ABOUT THIS GUIDE Grades 1-8: Elephant Education Chart 3 Unit 2: MOTHER KNOWS BEST! Grades 1-3: Elephant Family Playground Game 4 Grades 4-8: Elephant Diary or Elephant Interview 5 Unit 3: HOW TO BUILD AN ELEPHANT Grades 1-3: Class Discussion 6 Grades 4-8: Elephant Parts Posters 7 Unit 4: ALL IN THE FAMILY Grades 1-3: Class Discussion 8 Grades 4 -8: Venn Diagram 8 Unit 5: LOCAL & LONG - DISTANCE CALLS Grades 1-8: Elephant Puppets 10 Unit 6: ELEPHANTS AND PEOPLE Grades 4 -8: Human/Elephant Relationship Presentation 12 Unit 7: FAMILY TREE Grades 3 -8: Elephant Ancestor Family Tree 14 Unit 8: STRANGE COUSINS Grades 1-8: True or False Guessing Game 18 Unit 9: WHAT'S FOR DINNER ON THE SAVANNA? Grades 4 -8: Ecology Pyramid 20 Unit 10: WHITE GOLD Grades 5 -8: Soap Carvings 22 Unit 11: A PLACE TO LIVE Grades 1-3: Color the Map 24 Grades 4 -8: Graph the Populations 25 Unit 12: GETTING THE WORD OUT Grades 1-8: Conservation Poster 26 Unit 13: CAMERAS GREAT AND SMALL Grades l-8: Make a Pinhole Camera 27 Unit 14: JUST FOR FUN Crossword Puzzle 29 Wordsearch & Maze 30 Puzzle Solutions 31 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RELATED SOURCES 32 CREDITS AND ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 33 2 DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS, INC. ABOUT THIS GUIDE This Educator's Guide has been designed to enrich your students' LESSON PLAN experience in viewing Discovery's IMAX' feature, Africa's Elephant Grades 1 - 8: Kingdom. -
Discoveries of New Mammal Species and Their Implications for Conservation and Ecosystem Services
Discoveries of new mammal species and their implications for conservation and ecosystem services Gerardo Ceballosa,1 and Paul R. Ehrlichb,1 aDepartamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, AP 70-275, Me´ xico, D.F. 04510, Me´ xico; and bDepartment of Biological Sciences, Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305 Contributed by Paul R. Ehrlich, December 21, 2008 (sent for review November 3, 2008) In light of recent discoveries of many new species of poorly-studied patterns of species distribution were done using 10,000-km2 (2) organisms, we examine the biodiversity of mammals, a well known grid cells, similar to our previous studies (10, 12, 13). The new ‘‘charismatic’’ group. Many assume that nearly all mammal species mammal species we found were of three types. The first was are known to scientists. We demonstrate that this assumption is morphologically distinct species found in previously poorly sur- incorrect. Since 1993, 408 new mammalian species have been veyed areas. The second, the result of using molecular genetic described, Ϸ10% of the previously known fauna. Some 60% of techniques, was discoveries that the geographic range of a these are ‘‘cryptic’’ species, but 40% are large and distinctive. A well-known organism was actually the combined ranges of two or substantial number persist only in areas undergoing rapid habitat more cryptic species—one’s not easily recognized by morpho- destruction. Our findings suggest global animal and plant species logical features. The third type consists of species that had been diversity is badly underestimated even in well studied taxa.