Enhancing Connectivity and Freight in Central Asia
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CPB Corporate Partnership Board Enhancing Connectivity and Freight in Central Asia Case-Specific Policy Analysis Enhancing Connectivity and Freight in Central Asia Case-Specific Policy Analysis The International Transport Forum The International Transport Forum is an intergovernmental organisation with 59 member countries. It acts as a think tank for transport policy and organises the Annual Summit of transport ministers. The ITF is the only global body that covers all transport modes. The ITF is politically autonomous and administratively integrated with the OECD. The ITF works for transport policies that improve peoples’ lives. Our mission is to foster a deeper understanding of the role of transport in economic growth, environmental sustainability and social inclusion and to raise the public profile of transport policy. The ITF organises global dialogue for better transport. We act as a platform for discussion and pre- negotiation of policy issues across all transport modes. We analyse trends, share knowledge and promote exchange among transport decision-makers and civil society. The ITF’s Annual Summit is the world’s largest gathering of transport ministers and the leading global platform for dialogue on transport policy. The Members of the Forum are: Albania, Armenia, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China (People’s Republic of), Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Republic of Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. International Transport Forum 2 rue André Pascal F-75775 Paris Cedex 16 [email protected] www.itf-oecd.org Case-Specific Policy Analysis Reports The ITF’s Case-Specific Policy Analysis series presents topical studies on specific issues carried out by the ITF in agreement with local institutions. Any findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Transport Forum or the OECD. Neither the OECD, ITF nor the authors guarantee the accuracy of any data or other information contained in this publication and accept no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the ITF. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Cite this work as: ITF (2019), “Enhancing Connectivity and Freight in Central Asia”, International Transport Forum Policy Papers, No. 71, OECD Publishing, Paris. Acknowledgements This report presents the findings of the first phase of the joint ITF-OECD “Enhancing Connectivity in Central Asia” project. This first phase of the project has been made possible by the financial support of the Government of Kazakhstan, for which the International Transport Forum (ITF) and the OECD are grateful. The report was prepared under the guidance of Mr. Jari Kauppila, Head of Quantitative Policy Analysis and Foresight, ITF; and co-ordinated by Mr. Nicolas Wagner, Modeller and Analyst, and by Ms. Olga Petrik, Modeller and Analyst, both of the ITF. The main authors of the report are Ms. Olga Petrik, Mr. Nicolas Wagner, and Mr. Jari Kauppila. Many of the quantitative aspects of this report make use of the ITF International Freight Model. The authors are grateful to the model’s author, Mr. Luis Martinez, Modeller and Analyst at the ITF. Substantial contributions to the work and to the report were made by Mr. Vincent Benezech, former Modeller and Analyst, ITF; Ms. Indra Gromule, Head of International Road Carriage Co-ordination Division, Road Transport Administration, Latvia, and Chair of the ITF Road Transport Group’s sub-group on quota development; Ms. Elene Shatberashvili, Manager of the ITF’s Road Transport Group and Multilateral Quota; Mr. Jakub Siwiński, Policy Officer at the European Commission; and Mr. Dejan Makovšek, Economist, ITF. For editorial support the authors thank Ms. Edwina Collins, Content Production Co-ordinator, ITF; Ms. Katherine Farrow, Modeller and Analyst, ITF; and Michael Kloth, Head of Communications, ITF. The project of which this report is one output is supervised by Mr. William Tompson, Head of the Eurasia Division of the OECD’s Global Relations Secretariat, with the support of Mr. Grégory Lecomte, Central Asia Manager, and Mr. Arnault Prêtet, Project Manager, in the Eurasia Division. Further support was provided by Mr. Luke Mackle, Consultant, and Ms. Tabea Klang, former Consultant, both of the Eurasia division. The project benefited from invaluable support from Mr. Aidyn Danabayev, Senior Manager in the Transport and Logistics Directorate at Samruk Kazyna, and Ms. Madina Nurakisheva in Kazakhstan, Mr. Bakyt Omurzakov in Kyrgyzstan, Mr. Badral Byambaa, Senior Officer at the Ministry of Road and Transport of Mongolia, Ms. Lakshmi Boojoo, Director of the Director of the Economic Policy and Competitiveness Research Center (EPCRC), and Ms. Buyanchimeg Enkbayar in Mongolia, Ms. Larissa Kislyakovaya, Chairman of the Board of the Union of Professional Consultants, and Ms. Veronika Grushevskaya in Tajikistan, and Ms. Aziza Umarova, Chief Executive Officer at SmartGov Consulting and Ms. Ikbal Yusupova in Uzbekistan. The report and the project would not have been possible without the co-operation of and input from representatives of numerous ministries and government agencies in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. In particular, we are grateful for the co-ordination, assistance and interest shown by our counterparts in the relevant authorities of each country: Mr. Roman Sklyar, Minister of Investment and Infrastructure Development of Kazakhstan, Mr. Timur Toktabayev, Vice Minister for Investments and Development of Kazakhstan, Mr. Serik Bashimov, Director of Department for Transit and Transport logistics development, Mr. Dastan Ramazanov, Head of Transit development division, Department for Transit and Transport logistics development, Ministry of Investment and Developments of Kazakhstan, Mr. Abay Besken, Attaché of the Department for Foreign Economic Policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan; Mr. Zamirbek Askarov, Deputy Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan, Mr. Daniiar Imanaliev, Head of the Strategic Development, Economic and Financial Policy Division of the Administration of the President of Kyrgyzstan, Mr. Eldar Abakirov, Deputy Minister of Economy of Kyrgyzstan, Mr. Dastan Abdyldaev, Expert in the Economy and Investment Department of the Office of the Prime Minister; Mr. Damdinsuren Davaasuren, State Secretary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia, Mr. Tsogtgerel Batchuluun, former Vice Minister for Road and Transport Development of Mongolia, Mr. Batbold Sandagdorj, Director of Road Transport Policy Implementation and Coordination Department, Road and Transport Development Ministry of Mongolia, Mr. Enkhbold Vorshilov, Director General, and Mr. Ulziisaikhhan Ganbold, Deputy Director General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Banzragch Bayarsaikhan, Chairman, Mr. Adiya Munkhbold, head of Research and Analysis Office, and Mr. Tamir Tugsbilguun, Officer at the Research and Analysis Department, National Development Agency of Mongolia and Ms. Ayush Ariunzaya, Chair of the National Statistics Office of Mongolia; Mr. Azim Ibrohim, Deputy Prime Minister of Tajikistan, Mr. Nematullo Hikmatullozoda, Minister of Economic Development and Trade of Tajikistan, Mr. Khudoyorzoda Khudoyor Zavqibek, Minister of Transport of Tajikistan, Mr. Sukhrob Mirzoev, Vice Minister of Transport of Tajikistan; Mr. Nodir Otajonov, Deputy Advisor to the President of Uzbekistan, Mr. Jamshid Khodjaev, Minister of Foreign Trade of Uzbekistan, Mr. Sahib Saifnazarov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade of Uzbekistan, Mr. Mubin Mirzaev, Deputy Minister of Economy of Uzbekistan and Mr. Shukhrat Sadikov, former Head, National Project Management Agency. We are particularly indebted to the efforts of those that met with the OECD and ITF teams during 2018 for their valuable insights and assistance. Special thanks are due to: Mr. Giovanni Capannelli, Country Director, Kazakhstan, and Mr. Pradeep Srivastava, Country Director, Tajikistan, all at the Asian Development Bank (ADB); Mr. Reza Mohammadi, Field Coordinator, Kazakhstan, UNCTAD; Mr. Ato Brown, Country Manager for Kazakhstan, Mr. Jan-Peter Olters, Country Manager Uzbekistan, Mr. Paul Vallely, Programme Leader for Connectivity and Infrastructure, and Ms. Mathilde Lebrand, all at the World Bank; Ms. Ekaterina Miroshnik, Director, Head of Infrastructure, Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia, Ms. Irina Kravchenko, Country Director Mongolia, Ms. Ayten Rustamova, Country Director Tajikistan, and Ms. Idil Bilgic-Alpaslan, Principal Infrastructure Economist, all of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD); Mr. David Oberhuber, former Programme Manager, Mr. Jens Schlechter, Advisor, and Ms. Asel Uzagalieva, Component Manager, Trade Facilitation in Central Asia, all