Committee for Water Resources Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan

UNDP Project

National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan

Report Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

January 2006 Foreword

Supplying population of the Republic of Kazakhstan with adequate quality drinking water is one of the priority directions of the social-economic development of the country. For Kazakhstan the Millennium Development Goals are the long-term goals, which are closely related to the National Development Strategy “Kazakhstan-2030”. The problem of supply of population with drinking water is reflected in such national documents as the Conception of the Water Economic and Political Sector Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2010, the Strategy for Industrial and Innovation Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2003-2015, as well as the Water Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan carries out a systematic work on water supply and sanitation in the framework of the sectoral Program “Drinking water” and the National Program on Development of Rural Territories. Under these programs the construction and reconstruction of the water supply systems in urban and rural areas is carried out. For the next 10 years of the program implementation 115 billion tenge are planned to be allocated from the republican budget. At the same time the factors inhibitory to stable and successful programme implementation are the following: a high level of deterioration of water supply networks and units, insufficient development and equipment of the water pipes traffic departments, as well as insufficiency in reliable official data on the accessibility of drinking water to population of Kazakhstan. Together with all UN member countries, Kazakhstan signed the declaration on achieving the Millennium Development Goals (2000), thus committing itself in the area of water supply to reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water by 2015. Based on the international commitments taken and the main seven priorities defined in the Program “Drinking water”, Committee of Water Resources with the support from UNDP within the framework of the Project “National Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency Plan for Kazakhstan” has started the development of the Strategy on achieving MDG on water supply and sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The present report is the first important step in the development of the Strategy. The report contains detailed information on access of population of Kazakhstan to the drinking water and sanitation by region and city. To get more objective information there were two approaches used in the survey on access to drinking water: technical and sociological. Technical survey was conducted in 260 urban and 7440 rural settlements. Sociological survey consisted of 7515 questionnaires, 240 interviews and 16 focus-groups with water users. The survey has been carried out by the leading water supply and sanitation specialists of Kazakhstan and by the specialists of involved organizations. In the current report the independent experts presented their assessment of the water supply and sanitation in Kazakhstan. This assessment includes a description of a methodology, according to which conclusions were made. The report also presents detailed information by cities and rural settlements, which helps the specialists to see a real picture and forecast the development in each specific settlement. The rapid economic growth of Kazakhstan for the first 10 years of political and economic reforms makes possible the successful implementation of the MDG in Kazakhstan. The year 2015 specified in Millennium Declaration as indicative appears to be a good benchmark for evaluating medium results of the on-going implementation of the national strategy “Kazakhstan-2030”. In support of the point the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan during the second Civil Forum on September 19, 2005 stated that “by the beginning of the second decade we should resolve the issue of drinking water accessibility… There will not be a single settlement, which will use water from open water sources or which will not comply the standards”.

Anatoliy Dmitrievich RYABTSEV

The Chairman of the Committee for Water Resources under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan

 Table of Contents

1 Introduction...... 5 1 .1 . Millennium Development Goals (MDG) in a Nutshell...... 5 1 . . MDGs in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Context in Water Supply and Sanitation...... 6 1 . . The Structure of the Report ...... 8 1 .4 . Technical and Social Surveys on Evaluation of the Access Level to Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan...... 9 2 The Current State of Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan ...... 21 3 The Current State of the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by Technical Survey Findings. . .23 4 The Current State of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by Technical Survey Findings...... 33 5 Findings of Social Survey on Evaluation of the Constant Access of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Drinking Water and Sanitation ...... 51 5 .1 . Socio-economic and Demographic Data...... 51 5 . . The Current Situation of Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by Findings of Social Survey. . . . .52 5 . .1 The Coverage of Kazakhstan’s Population by Central Water Supply...... 52 5 . . The Level of Coverage of Kazakhstan’s Population by Decentralized Water Supply Sources. . . . .54 5 . . The Sustainability of Water Supply Systems in Kazakhstan...... 56 5 . .4 Opinion of Kazakhstan’s Residents on the Quality of Drinking Water ...... 59 5 . .5 Human Health Issues in Kazakhstan...... 63 5 . .6 The Intention and Capacity for Connection to Central Water Supply and Service Fees ...... 65 5 . .7 Sanitary Conditions in Kazakhstan...... 70 5 . .8 Public Participation in Water Resource Management ...... 72 5 . . An Estimation of Safe Access to Drinking Water ...... 73 6 Canclusions and Recommendations ...... 75 6 .1 . Urban Water Supply...... 75 6 . . Rural Water Supply ...... 77 6 . . Social Survey ...... 78 Footnotes ...... 79 Reference literature and other materials used...... 80 Annex I Access of the Urban Population to Water and Sanitation in Kazakhstan: Results of Technical Survey . . . .81 Annex II Access to Water and Sanitation in Rural Areas of Kazakhstan: Results of Technical Survey ...... 125

 List of Acronyms

RBO River Basin Organization

CEECCA Countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central-Asian Republics

WSF Water and Sewage Facility

WHO World Health Organization

CWS Central Water Supply

GWP Global Water Partnership

IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management

CWR Committee for Water Resources

MA Ministry of Agriculture

UN United Nations

UTS Urban-type Settlement

UNDP United Nations Development Program

NSOE National State-Owned Enterprise

RK Republic of Kazakhstan

CIS Commonwealth of Independent States

SNiP Construction Rules and Norms

RS Rural Settlement

JMP Joint Monitoring Program

CSS Central Sewage System

FS Feasibility Study

MDG Millennium Development Goals

WPF Water-pipe pumping facility

SPF Sewerage pumping facility

RSE Republican state enterprise

 POVERTY, HUNGER, THE LACK OF CLEAN DRINKING WATER, ILLITERACY, DISEASES, THE SPREAD OF HIV-AIDS, CLIMATE CHANGE… The era of rapid globalization made these issues not only the problems of specific countries, but a challenge for all of humanity. 1Introduction 1.1. Millennium Development Goals (MDG) in a Nutshell

On the threshold of a new millennium, 147 heads of state and government The major goal of the gathered at the UN General Assembly session to develop a combined approach Millennium Declaration is to and strategy to resolve common tasks . Today this summit is the largest forum create favorable conditions in history in terms of the number of participating heads of states . The summit for the liquidation of poverty adopted the Millennium Declaration, which had already been signed by 191 countries, including Kazakhstan . and achieve sustainable development both at Based upon the resolutions of world summits and international conferences national and global levels. of the 1990s, the Millennium Declaration expresses a common vision and the concordance of the international community with an action plan for the new millennium . The Millennium Declaration consists of a set of key development measures that pave the way to a world without poverty and poverty-caused deprivation: Goal 1 – eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; Goal 2 – achieve universal primary education; Goal 3 – promote gender equality and empower women; Goal 4 – reduce child mortality; Goal 5 – improve maternal health; Goal 6 – combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases; Goal 7 – ensure environmental sustainability . This set of goals is known as the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) . It is important that the criteria for performance assessment be set: 11 related tasks to be completed by a specific period of time (2015) and 31 indicators . To implement the goals set, there is a need to regularly monitor their performance and assess achievements, trends, and gaps . MDGs have already been adopted by a number of governments and are becoming a part of the national development strategies . In becoming national tasks, MDGs facilitate a large degree of concurrence and better coordination of national efforts . At the global level, the UN Secretary General submits an annual report on MDGs’ international performance . The national reports provide a review of what has been performed by a specific country towards achieving MDGs, as well as problems that the country faces .

 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

1.2. MDGs in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Context of Water Supply and Sanitation

Together with all UN The UN Millennium Declaration (2000) outlined the general vision and member countries, concordance of the international community on an action plan for relieving Kazakhstan signed the UN the world from poverty and poverty-related destitution . Together with all UN Millennium Declaration in member countries, Kazakhstan signed the declaration on achieving the MDGs, 2000 thus committing itself to the fulfillment of this declaration . MDGs were adopted to reduce the inadmissible poverty level in the world . The issue of water supply is assumed in all seven millennium development goals and eleven objectives, which makes it an inalienable part of each goal’s achievement . Kazakhstan’s commitment in the field of water supply is defined by Goal 7: “To guarantee environmental sustainability”, more specifically, by Objective 10: “Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water” and Objective 9: “Incorporate the sustainable development principles into the national strategies and programs and reverse the loss of natural resources .” MDGs define crucial tasks of humanity in the area of development . The strict wording of the goals and tasks and their concrete number for a predetermined period help to focus national and international priorities and enable communication on the issues of human development . The year 1990 has served as a base point for MDGs . It is planned that the goals will be attained by 2015 . For Kazakhstan and other countries that rose The country’s surface water after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the year 1990 taken as a base point storage amounts to 539 km3 creates difficulties not applicable to other countries, as the change of political a year on average, including regime caused a number of state institutes to be abolished and completely new 190 km3 of water in lakes; institutions to rise . Nevertheless, the rapid economic growth of Kazakhstan river and reservoirs storage and the development of the national potential of political and economic add up to 100.5 and 95.5 reforms in the first ten years made it possible for the country to succeed in km3 accordingly, secular achieving MDGs . glacier volume to 95 km3, For Kazakhstan, MDGs are long-term goals closely related to the national and underground waters to development strategy Kazakhstan-2030 . Therefore, the year 2015 is a 58 km3. convenient point for summing up achievements, being half-way from the implementation of the national strategy Kazakhstan-2030 . Over the past two decades, the world’s concern over the planet’s water resources has been growing . Since the world’s population continues to increase amid developing industrialization, water demand is also on the rise . Despite limited fresh water reserves, rivers and other water objects are being widely and unmanageably polluted . As a result, water resources are becoming more expensive, unfit, or even hazardous to use . For Kazakhstan as well as for many Central Asian countries, water resources are the major factor that defines sustainable socio-economic development . Surface water resources across the country are unevenly distributed and are characterized by perennial and annual dynamics . Due to the climatic peculiarities of the country, nearly all surface water sources emerge in the winter period . The reserves of the country’s surface resources add up to 539 km3 a year on average . This includes 190 km3 of lake surface waters; river and reservoir water resources amount to 100 .53 and 95 .5 km3 accordingly, secular glacier volume to 95 km3, and underground waters to 58 km3 .

 Introduction

Kazakhstan has a considerable number of underground water storage spaces, which are the least pollution prone, but their extremely uneven distribution across the country and heterogeneous quality do not allow for their full utilization in economic operations . As a result, of the forecasted and proven underground water storage totals above, the approved reserves on 1 January 2002 amounted to only 16 .04 km3 . As regards the level of Potentially recyclable water composed of collection and drainage, discharge, water supply, Kazakhstan irrigation waste waters, water from industrial operations, and households is seen as an additional resource that can be utilized . With the increase in water takes the last place among consumption and contemporary low technological production level, the volume CIS countries, with the of such resources tends to grow annually by 3%-5% . It is further estimated specific level of water supply that as water systems are modernized and full-circulation and water-saving amounting to 37,000 m3 per technologies introduced, the volume of such waters would drop . Today return 1 km2 or 6,000 m3 per person waters in the country amount to only 9 .0 km3/year; only  .0 km3 are returned per year. to water sources, and the rest are dispersed across the area, lost, used for pasture irrigation, or for ecosystems maintenance . The major part of return waters flows into the basins of the rivers Syrdariya (47%) and Irtysh (34%), while the remaining volume empties into the rivers of Ili and Nura (19%) . With regard to the level of water supply, Kazakhstan takes the last place among CIS countries, with the specific level of water supply amounting to 37,000 m3 per 1 km2 or 6,000 m3 per person per year . The average perennial river flow (general surface water resources) amounts to 100 .5 km3, of which 56 .5 km3 are generated domestically . The total volume of water flows from the neighboring countries amount to 44 .0 km3, including 18 .9 km3 from China, 14 .6 km3 from Uzbekistan, 7 .5 km3 from Russia, and  .0 km3 from Kyrgyzstan . The flows of most large rivers are generated outside the country, thus making Kazakhstan economically dependant on neighboring countries . The aggregate volume of available water resources that can be economically The deficit in water resources 3 utilized does not exceed 43 km a year on average, as a considerable volume of aggravated by their irrational water (57 .5 km3) is employed to satisfy environmental, fishery, transportation, use and pollution contributes and energy needs, or it is filtered or in other ways lost . In average-flow and low-flow years volume of awailable water resources decreases to 32 km3 and to the environmental 25 km3 accordingly . Due to an uneven flow from year to year, the country’s degradation, desiccation of available water resources vary from 25 km3 to 43 km3 . The correlation of lake and river ecosystems, water resources in different years and Kazakhstani economic demand have and the growing morbidity evinced the countrywide and region-wide water deficit . rate of the population. The deficit of water resources, which is aggravated by their irrational use and pollution, contributes to environmental degradation, the desiccation of lake and river ecosystems, and the growing morbidity rate of the population . The limited water resource storage restrains the utilization of available lands for agricultural production and potential land reclamation in the south of the country . Between 1995 and 2004, the annual water consumption of economic sectors of Kazakhstan varied from 20 km3 to 29 km3, subject to natural and climatic conditions, economic conditions, as well as underway organizational and structural transformations . At the same time, economic sectors receive 85% of water primarily from surface water sources, while the remaining part comes from underground, sea, and waste waters . As regards the supply of quality drinking water and sanitation to the population, Kazakhstan has the following problems: ∆ The functions of the supply of drinking water to the population by distribution networks of cities and other settlements are performed by local executive bodies, but not a single central public body is in charge; ∆ There are insufficient investments in the water and sewerage sector;

 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Goal 7, Objective 10: “To ∆ There is poor control over the quality of drinking water in rural settlements halve the number of people due to SES laboratories’ poor equipment for the control of the quality of that have no access to drinking water . clean drinking water and The UN MDR in Kazakhstan (2002) assesses the likelihood of achieving sanitation, by 2015” Objective 10 on water supply and sanitation by 2015 as ‘probable’ . As a consequence, with effective international support, Kazakhstan should be able to attain the goal on water supply and sanitation, and this will considerably facilitate the achievement of other MDGs . The sectoral program Drinking Waters for 2002-2010 outlined seven major priorities which underlay the strategy of achieving the MDG on water supply and sanitation, to be developed by CWR with the support of the UNDP project . Other major documents relevant to the issue include Strategy Kazakhstan- 2030, The Concept of the Development of the Water Sector and Water Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan by the year 2010, the Strategy for the Industrial and Innovation Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2003-2015, and the Water Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2003) .

1.3. The Structure of the Report

The report consists of an introduction that provides general information on MDGs and activities on their attainment in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the area of water supply and sanitation . Various standards on criteria for the access to drinking water and sanitation are compared, and the criteria for water and sanitation access are defined for the Republic of Kazakhstan . The second chapter gives general information on drinking water and the sanitation access of the population across Kazakhstan, while the third and fourth chapters focus on the same issues in the cities and rural settlements of Kazakhstan . The fifth chapter represents the results of social surveys on identifying safe access to drinking water and sanitation for the people of Kazakhstan . The appendix includes tables that accompany technical and social surveys on evaluation of the current water and sanitation access levels of all rural settlements (RS), cities, towns, and urban-type settlements (UTS) in Kazakhstan .

 Introduction

1.4. Technical and Social Surveys on Evaluation of the Access Level to Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 1.4.1 Comparison of Different Standards of Water and Sanitation Access Criteria

Due to a controversy over the lack of data on the population’s access to clean drinking water in the country, the year 2000 instead of 1999 was selected as the base point upon which such indicators were fixed (the share of the urban population without uninterrupted access to clean drinking water came to 15%, Due to controversial data, and that of the rural population to 27%) . However, due to deficient records in it is difficult to define the Kazakhstan, it is still difficult to determine the share of the population with share of the population sustainable access to safe drinking water . in Kazakhstan without Therefore, one of the primary goals of the UNDP project in the context of sustainable access to safe the development of the Strategy to achieve the MDG on access to drinking drinking water. water and sanitation in Kazakhstan is to better define ‘the permanent access of the Kazakhstani population to clean (safe) drinking water’ and its relation to international definitions . The 2002 UN MDR on Kazakhstan provides the following criteria for the population’s safe access to clean drinking water: 1 . Clean drinking water is water that does not cause an acute sickness immediately after its use; it is water it conforms to major bacteriological International minimal and chemical requirements . Both treated and untreated water can be criteria of safe access to regarded as safe drinking water if they originated from uncontaminated drinking water: sources such as springs, wells, and protected drilled boreholes . 1. Water conforms  . If the water source is located within the radius of one kilometer from a to chemical and given water user’s house and can supply at least 20 liters of water per bacteriological person per day, then such a source can be called ‘reliable’ . Reliable water requirements and sources include the water pipe, common standpipe, drilled borehole, closed originates from well, and protected spring . uncontaminated sources.  . Neither canned nor bottled water is considered a ‘reliable source’ but this is 2. The water source is located not because of the quality of either . The main factor here is the accessible volume of water . Unprotected reservoirs, springs, and water delivered in within the radius of 1 tanks can not be considered reliable water sources either . km from the water user’s house. It should be noted that not all the definitions are unanimously interpreted in the context of Kazakhstan . 3. The source supplies 20 liters of water per person a) ‘Safe’ drinking water per day. As regards the definition of ‘safe’ drinking water, Kazakhstan introduced sanitary rules and norms (SanPiN) to which the term ‘drinking’ should conform . If water is ‘drinking’ water, it conforms to the requirements of the above- mentioned sanitary rules and norms; if the water is incompliant, then it is not ‘drinking’ water, but water of a different type (technical, irrigation, etc .) . b) Water consumption rate There is some difference in definitions of the water consumption rate, i .e ., the specific daily average drinking and household water consumption in settlements per resident (over a year) in l/day . This norm is regulated by point  .1 of the Construction Rules and Norms of the Republic of Kazakhstan (SNiP RK) 4 .01-02-2001 . The norm varies across the country from 125 l/day to 350 l/day per person for built-in areas equipped with a local water pipeline and a sewage facility subject to residential built-in area development . Regarding the  UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

built-in areas that use water from standpipes, the specific average daily water consumption per resident (over a year) shall be taken as 30 l/day to 50 l/day . Therefore, when designing drinking water supply systems in Kazakhstan, the minimal admissible water consumption norm shall exceed 30 l/day per person . It must further be noted that the World Health Organization (WHO) has also recommended introducing a minimal admissible water consumption rate per person in the amount of 30 l/day . c) Distance to water source Kazakhstani standards for defining the normative distance to a water supply source differ from those of the UN . Thus, point 8 .0 of SNiP RK 4 .01-02-2001 specifies the radius of a standpipe location as not exceeding 100 m, while the UN provides for the water source location to lie within the radius of one kilometer from a given water user’s place of residence . d) ‘Reliable’ water sources Another definition that needs to be elaborated on is the UN term of ‘water in tanks’ – delivered water . Such water, by UN definition, cannot be regarded as a reliable source of drinking water supply . In Kazakhstan, delivered water is not considered to be a reliable source of drinking water supply . However, there are, exceptions to the rule, with the water supply from the settlement of Sochinskoye of Akmola oblast, Atbasar rayon as an example . This settlement has around 1,000 residents . Before the mid-1990s, the settlement received water from the clustered water supply system (CWSS) . Later, following frequent breakdowns of the main pipeline and the high cost of water supply, the water supply of the settlement from the CWSS was discontinued . In the following 7-8 years, drinking water was delivered to the settlement by trucks from the neighboring settlements, which were 50km- 60km away from the settlement of Sochinskoye . Each house has a metal tank of 3 m3 to 10 m3 capacity buried nearby . The required volume of water was poured into these tanks upon residents’ requests . The entire community was spending some 3 million tenge (21,500 USD) annualy on drinking water supply . In addition to this, the settlement has a water reservoir nearby, the water of which is utilized for technical needs (for irrigation, as drinking water for livestock, and for other household needs) . In 2003, the community procured and installed a factory-made compact water treatment plant to obtain drinkable water . However, water from a water-purification system is still supplied by trucks to each household, as the community has no money to repair and renovate the distribution networks of the settlement . Now the community spends under 700,000 tenge (5,200 USD) on water treatment and drinking water supply . Thus, despite the fact that residents of the settlement of Sochinskoye have drinking water supplied to their houses by trucks, the residents have access to drinkable water any time of day in their households . It is also closer than water from a standpipe would be . Perhaps in this case we are not speaking of water delivery defined by the term ‘delivered water’, but we are speaking rather of water distribution inside the settlement, meaning supplying water to each household . The criteria for safe water and sanitation access have also been employed in the work (concerning water supply and sanitation) of the Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) of WHO/UNICEF, which is an official mechanism for monitoring the progress on MDGs’ achievement in ensuring access to improved water supply sources and sanitation . At the same time, the JMP noted that before its data could be utilized, a few warnings should be formulated: a) Due to limited information in the JMP database, any conclusion that can

10 Introduction

be made on the basis of this information will be of indicative rather than According to available exhaustive nature . This is particularly true of the Countries of Eastern data, the water supply and Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia (CEECCA); sewage coverage of the b) The definition of the indicators employed in JMP is technologically populations in CEECCA based . In order for JMP preconditions to reflect reality, full technological countries is the same or functioning should serve as a premise . The operational failure and current slightly better than that in repair in CEECCA countries suggests that technology does not work as Northern Africa. planned, thus negating the JMP premises . In view of the above-mentioned warnings, the JMP data can be used to analyze three important aspects of water supply and sanitation: population coverage, achieved progress, and the gap between urban and rural areas . According to available generalized data, the water supply and sewage coverage of the populations in CEECCA countries is the same or slightly better than the coverage in Northern Africa . As regards the progress achieved, the improved water supply for the urban population is the CEECCA countries’ only successful indicator being achieved ahead of schedule . Rural water supply and sanitation are critical, as sewage remains a substantive issue for cities as well . The difference between water supply and sanitation in urban and rural areas of CEECCA should not be side-stepped . While the share of the urban population amounts to 36% of the total population (2002 data), the rural population shall be prioritized and targeted . This can be summed up as follows: 1 . The JMP data cannot provide a real picture of the situation regarding the safety of the water supply system and adequate sanitation in the CEECCA region . There is a need for further work in assessing the situation as well as the receipt of detailed data on population coverage on the extended geographical level .  . Compared to other regions of Europe, the situation in the CEECCA region is the worst . It is the same as in Northern Africa, or slightly better .  . According to JMP data, CEECCA countries fall short of achieving Indicator 10 . In particular, there is an urgent need for targeted events to improve the rural sewage system . 4 . The gap between urban and rural settlements is large . With the urban population comprising 36% of the total population, there is a need for the specific events mentioned in point  . When defining the criteria of access to safe drinking water, special attention shall also be paid to the quality of tap water . Thus, the Danish Ministry of Environment published the data on the water supply in the CEECCA countries as an appendix to its 2004 report (Table 1 .1) . Table 1 .1 includes the data on the population’s water supply coverage and the quality of supplied services in accordance with the appropriateness of networks and equipment . Further information provided in the report suggests that there is not a single country in the CEECCA that has an uninterrupted central water supply . Unfortunately, there is no systematic data collection on microbiological and chemical discrepancies between the norms of tap water in the European region . However, the fragmented data is collected within the UN EEC, entitled “The Review of Environmental Activity Efficiency”, and some of this data comes from the national data sources . In the RK, the central water systems’ irregular water supply is regulated by

11 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Table 1.1. Percentage of the population with access to ‘improved/safe’ water supply sources that don’t require urgent repair and equipment renovation

Percent of the population with Percent of the population with access to access to ‘improved/safe’ water ‘improved/safe’ water supply sources that supply sources that don’t require don’t require urgent repair and equipment urgent repair renovation Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Armenia 66 69 58 89 90 89 Azerbaijan 54 65 41 80 85 65 Belarus 80 80 80 90 90 90 Georgia 55 66 43 89 89 89 Kazakhstan 66 69 64 89 89 89 Kyrgyzstan 44 63 34 75 78 58 Moldova 64 68 61 88 89 86 Russian Federation 80 80 80 90 90 90 Tajikistan 38 55 32 81 79 59 Turkmenistan 60 68 51 88 88 76 Ukraine 68 69 64 88 89 86 Uzbekistan 53 63 48 83 79 61 Total in CEECCA 71 75 64 88 89 81

point 4 .4 of SNiP RK 4 .01-02-2001 “Water Supply . Public Utilities .” The code divides the central water supply systems into three categories according to the level of water supply: 1st – the water supply for household needs and drinking can be dropped by not more than 30% of the estimated flow; for production needs the water supply may be decreased to the level set by the enterprise’s emergency operation schedule . The duration of supply drop shall not exceed three days . The interruption of water supply or supply drop below the fixed level may occur when the disabled system’s elements are shut down with backup elements activated (equipment, fittings, facilities, pipelines, etc .), but for no longer than ten minutes; 2nd – the value of admissible water supply drop is the same as for the first category . The duration of the water supply drop shall not exceed ten days . Interruption of the water supply or a supply drop below the fixed level may occur when the disabled system’s elements are shut down with backup elements activated, but not for more than six hours; 3rd – the value of admissible water supply drop is the same as for the first category . The duration of the water supply drop shall not exceed fifteen days . The interruption of the water supply or supply drop below the fixed level may occur during the repair period, but not for more than twenty-four hours; The united cold water supply and production pipelines of the settlements with populations exceeding 50,000 residents shall be referred to the first category; that with residents numbering 5,000 to 50,000 to the second category, and that with fewer than 5,000 people to the third category . The category of rural clustered water supply systems shall be regarded as the settlement with the highest number of residents .

12 Introduction

1.4.2 Defining Water and Sanitation Access Criteria in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Having compared various standards of water and sanitation access criteria, Criteria of safe access in particular, the criteria of UN, JMP, WHO/UNICEF, and standards of to drinking water in Kazakhstan, it is recommended that the following criteria for evaluation of the Kazakhstan: population’s access to safe water and sanitation be introduced in the Republic of Kazakhstan (Tables 1 . and 1 .) . 1. Improved water supply (central water pipe, It should be noted that one of the major criteria of drinking water affordability is common standpipe, its price affordability . This is an especially crucial issue for the rural population, whose paying capacity is lower than that of the urban population . The need to protected drilled register tariff affordability was confirmed during the implementation of the borehole, protected well sectoral program Drinking Waters, when the rural population refused to pay or spring); 3 for 1m of drinking water due to a high net price following the construction of 2. Conformance of water water-purification systems . quality to SanPiN To illustrate, in 2003 in Atyrau oblast there occurred a situation in which Struya 2.1.4.559-96; water-purification systems were built in eight settlements at local expense . Up to date, the systems have not been put into operation for the reason mentioned 3. Minimal admissible above . A similar situation has occurred in Northern Kazakhstan oblast, where consumption rate of 30 the clustered water pipes of Ishimsky, Sergeyevsky, Bulayevsky, Sokolovsky, liters of water/day per and Presnovsky operate supply to 290 settlements . However, 127 settlements person; have refused to use water pipes as most distribution networks are inoperable 4. Distance to the source and water sale units are under private ownership . As a consequence, the selling price is three times higher than the fixed tariff . – not over 100 m from home. The Water Code of the RK and the government decree of the RK of 2004 establish measures for the governmental support of waterworks . In particular, 5. Price affordability of article 135 provides for subsidies of drinking water supply services from drinking water* especially important clustered water supply systems that are the single

Table 1.2. Criteria for the population’s access to safe drinking water in the RK

Criteria for the population’s access Accessible safe drinking water No access to safe drinking water to safe drinking water in the RK Source of drinking water Improved water supply: Unimproved water supply 1 . Central water pipe is connected technology: to a household (apartment); 1 . Unprotected well;  . Public standpipe;  . Unprotected spring;  . Protected borehole;  . Unprotected reservoir; 4 . Protected well; 4 . Water supplied in tanks; 5 . Protected spring . 5 . Water transported in cisterns; 6 . Delivered water; 7 . Bottled water; 8 . Rain and ice water collection . Water quality Conformance to SanPiN  1. .4 .559- Non-conformance to SanPiN 96  .1 .4 .559-96 Minimally admissible water Over 30 l/day per person Under 30 l/day per person consumption rate Distance to drinking water source Under 100 m from the house Over 100 m from the house Price affordability of drinking water

Note. Neither canned water nor bottled water is regarded as a “reliable source”; this has to do with accessible quantity and is not related to the water’s quality.

13 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Table 1.3. Criteria for the population’s access to sewage systems in the RK

Improved sewage Unimproved sewage 1 . Connection to public sewage 1 . Service lavatory  . Connection to septic system  . Latrine bucket  . Lavatory with flushing system  . Public lavatories 4 . Cesspit 4 . Lavatories with an open pit 5 . Ventilated lavatory

The access to sewage source of drinking water supply . Therefore, in the future planning of drinking sanitary technologies water supply projects and strategy development, it is important to stipulate is assessed by the government subsidies for the operation of drinking water supply facilities as percentage of the well as rigid state control over expenditures . population that uses improved sewage services. 1.4.3 Methodology of the Technical Survey on Improved sewage technologies mean the Identifying Water and Sanitation Access in technologies that ensure the RK frequent isolation and the use of hygienic means. The technical survey on identifying water and sanitation access in the Republic of Kazakhstan within this project was conducted separately for cities, towns, UTS, and RS, and its methods involved the following activities: Cities, towns, and UTS of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1 . The project consultants on urban water supply and sanitation defined and clarified the list of settlements (cities, towns, and UTS) to be covered by this technical survey . The list included 260 settlements and was coordinated with the project specialist in rural water supply and sanitation to cover all the settlements of the Republic of Kazakhstan and to cash in small settlements that formerly had the status of urban-type settlements .  . To define and further analyze the technical conditions of water supply and water discharge systems in cities, towns, and UTS, as well as the population’s access to such systems, the project consultants on urban water supply and sanitation developed a detailed questionnaire for managers and specialists of enterprises operating such systems (Appendix 3) . The questionnaire within this project was updated after being compared to the questions on the social survey for the water users, water managers, and specialists of enterprises that provide water supply and water discharge services or take part in the supply of such services to the population . This was done to correlate and combine the results of two surveys (technical and social) .  . To obtain fundamental information on water supply and water discharge systems in cities, towns, and UTS, as well as information on the population’s access to such systems, this questionnaire was distributed to oblast, city, and rayon akimats . 4 . As the fundamental information was submitted upon request, it was processed in a specifically developed form and inputted in the interim database of the project (Appendix 4) . The developed form of the general data (the name of settlements, service enterprises of water supply, and water discharge systems) included a description of the current conditions of water supply and water discharge systems, specifying the current level of population access to water supply and sanitation and the quality of potable water . 14 Introduction

In addition, the form on each settlement included a forecast of future population access to water supply and sanitation based on an analysis of the fulfillment of the governmental urban development program Drinking Waters; regional, oblast, and city water supply programs (Taza Su, Clean Water, etc .); and the analysis of information obtained from enterprises that operate and maintain the water supply and water discharge systems . 5 . The main barrier to the receipt of fundamental information, its processing, and analysis was the submission of initial information by many enterprises and organizations in incomplete, unexpanded, or distorted forms, or the provision of incorrect data on enterprise activity . This was especially true of settlements serviced by two or more enterprises that operate water supply and water discharge systems . In all such cases, the additional requests were sent to oblast, city, and rayon akimats as well as to enterprises that supply drinking water and offer water discharge services . Furthermore, the active information dissemination program on the importance and the necessity of the ongoing survey for the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out with officers of akimats and departments in charge of the operation and maintenance of water supply and water discharge systems of settlements and with directors and administrative staff of water supply companies . 6 . Ultimately, all the information was specifically tabulated in the form of conclusions on identification of the level of access to water and sanitation in all cities, towns, and UTS in the Republic of Kazakhstan . Rural Settlements of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1 . The fundamental data for the identification of the access level of Kazakhstan’s rural population to drinking water were collected from public and water utilities as well as from sanitary and epidemiological stations . To this end, oblast centers were visited, namely the cities of Kyzylorda, Shymkent, Pavlodar, Atyrau, Aktau, and even Astana (the Water Resource Committee of the MA) .  . The number of RS was clarified in the context of oblasts, as data available from akimats, statistics bodies, the State Rural Development Program, and the Center for Systematic Research of the Presidential Administration of RK are rather variable . Such clarification is one of the requirements of the Committee for Water Resources of the Ministry of Agriculture of RK .  . The work was done in close coordniation with the Committee for Water Resources (CWR) . All necessary background information for the survey was provided by the CWR, where as it has been submitted by the oblasts to the specialist in water supply and sanitation . 4 . The project documents necessary to define specific indicators of the milestones that would indicate specific areas, oblasts, and projects on the whole were received from water supply project designers and included in the construction plan for the near future: ∆ construction costs of 1 km of water pipelines of various diameters and pipe materials; ∆ construction costs of specific water supply facilities (pump stations, water reservoirs, water towers, etc .); ∆ construction costs of water supply system in a settlement referred to one resident; ∆ cost of 1 m3 of supplied drinking water . Hence, the last two indicators play an important role in defining the capacity of the population to pay for water supply services or invest in water supply

15 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

facilities, and in defining the share of the population’s income absorbed by such expenses . This should be taken into account when defining the economic and financial mechanisms of program implementation as well as when developing the mechanism of investment support of specific water supply systems in the first stage of their operation . The size of financing for the construction/reconstruction of water supply facilities shall be defined both by the cost of specific projects and specific expenses . 5 . While analyzing the information submitted by the oblast and regional inspection programs, akimats submitted laboratory test data on the quality of drinking water in some cities and settlements of a number of oblasts . In addition, the Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Public Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan has specific information on the quality of drinking water and the water supply situation in rural settlements . Pursuant to the decree of chief public sanitary doctor of RK №39 as of 24 06. .003 “On Public Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Household and Drinking Water Supply”, oblast departments control the sanitary and technical conditions of water pipes, open reservoirs, decentralized water supply sources, and water quality monitoring by bacteriological, chemical, radiological, parasitological, and virologic indicators . Accordingly, for receipt of fuller information on water quality, sanitary and epidemiological conditions of systems, and drinking water supply facilities in rural areas, the project specialist in rural water supply and sanitation submitted a letter on behalf of CWR to the Ministry of Public Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan requesting relevant information . 6 . During the collection of fundamental data, special attention was paid to data on project implementation of programs that were underway during 2002-2004, work plans, and progress in 2005 in the context of settlements that were needed to identify the current share of the population with access to drinking water . In addition, an assessment of required capital investments was made within the sectoral program Drinking Waters . This was done to encourage the development of the water supply systems of cities, settlements, and rural settlements (RS) for the medium-term period of 2006-2008, with a forecast up to 2010 . 7 . The database was generated for each RS in the context of oblasts as fundamental documents were collected . Apart from general data (the name of the RS, its administrative status, the number of residents in 1999 and 2003, the socio-economic development potential, source of water supply, quality of drinking water, availability and extension of water distribution systems), the list of database fields by specific settlements included: ∆ Implemented projects and their costs on all programs over 2002- 2004; ∆ Projects planned for implementation in 2005 on all budget programs; ∆ Projects planned for 2006-2008 and up to 2010 by request of the CWR and oblast akimats at the expense of national and local budgets, grants, and loans as well as extra-budgetary resources . 8 . The fully completed database on each RS enabled the calculation of the timing for the achievement of MDGs, subject to implementation of all planned projects in the regions and oblasts overall . Hence, all the calculations on the level achieved were made by means of the statistical reporting adopted in the Republic of Kazakhstan, i .e ., the percentage of the population with access to drinking water was defined . 16 Introduction

The following calculation procedure was used: 1) The current percentage of RS population with access to drinking water was defined (end of 2004); 2) The number of the population that can get access to drinking water in each subsequent year subject to implementation of all planned program projects with all financing sources was defined; 3) The percentage of the population with access to drinking water at the beginning of each accounting year was defined . The year 2011 was also included, as this year marks the final term for the implementation of the sectoral program Drinking Waters; 4) The regions (oblasts) which would not be able to halve the share of the population without access to drinking water by the year 2011 were defined; 5) The projects and the volume of investments required to achieve MDGs, aimed at halving the share of the population without access to drinking water, are being defined . 9 . Further stages to achieve the MDGs in water and sanitation shall be the following: ∆ To establish the projects in determined regions (oblasts) and the size of investments necessary to achieve the MDG by 2015; ∆ To consider the possibility of reallocating capital investments among regions (oblasts) where the MDG can be achieved much earlier; ∆ To consider an increase in the size of financing and possible financing sources for regions (oblasts) where, as the preliminary calculation suggests, the MDG will not be reached by 2015 . 10 . The preliminary analysis suggests that the MDG on the population’s access to drinking water and sanitation is likely to be achieved by 2015 in the rural areas of Kazakhstan, and well in advance of this date in most regions and oblasts . Hence, special attention shall be paid to establishing new structures and supporting the existing organizations in terms of the operation of water supply facilities as well as the entry of private operators on the water supply market . This, in turn, necessitates the improvement of the legislative framework in the area of water supply and water discharge .

1.4.4 Methodology of Social Survey on Evaluation of Water and Sanitation Access in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The social survey included three major elements: ∆ Questionnaire survey with a sampling of 7,500 people in rural and urban areas of Kazakhstan; ∆ Semi-structured interviews with 240 representatives of water users and specialists in water supply from cities and towns, villages, and settlements across the country; ∆ Sixteen focus groups with a range of stakeholder groups .

1) Questionnaire survey The questionnaire survey was carried out by the Institute of Comparative Social Studies CESSI-Kazakhstan, which has ample experience in conducting similar large-scale research in Kazakhstan . The English version of the questionnaire was 17 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

translated into Russian and Kazakh languages and then translated back to verify the quality of the questionnaire . Prior to the main survey, the questionnaire was tested on 20 rural and urban respondents . The questionnaire survey was undertaken in two stages . The first stage of the survey was conducted in the Balkhash-Alakol river basin in February-March 2005 . The results were processed and included in the SPSS program (version 12) . The SPSS program is a statistical package specifically intended for processing and analyzing the data of social surveys . It is widely used by social scientists and health and market research for analyzing and studying the data via questionnaire survey . The results of the pilot research underlaid further questionnaire improvements . During the second stage, the updated questionnaire was distributed across Kazakhstan (7,515 respondents) . ∆ Questionnaire development The questionnaire was specifically constructed for this project based on the questionnaire tested within the DFID project on Nura-Ishim River Basin Management (2003) .The draft questionnaire for this project was developed in early September 2004 and discussed with a number of counterparts, representatives of the Committee for Water Resources, river basin departments, water supply companies, the Kazgiprovodhoz Institute, and government SES, all of whom attended two round-table sessions in the middle and end of September 2004 . The questionnaire was further updated after discussions at such meetings . ∆ Questionnaire composition The questionnaire consisted of seven chapters (from A to G): respondent location; household water supply, including water supply and its quality; drinking water; generalized view on water quality; health and sanitation; willingness to pay for water supply services; information source; and finally, general socio-economic and demographic information . ∆ Field work on questionnaire survey A total of 7,515 questionnaires were distributed across Kazakhstan, including 1,393 questionnaires during the first stage (February-March 2005) and 6,122 during the second stage (May-August 2005) . The questionnaires were disseminated in fourteen oblasts and two cities of national status (Astana and Almaty) in order to consider population groups from various settlements: major cities, oblast centers, and urban and rural settlements (Table 1 .4) . The questionnaire survey took 20-60 minutes per person . The rule of household selection in settlements was applicable: ∆ One survey site includes 10 interviews on average; ∆ One survey site is allocated an itinerary, upon which the interviewer takes note of each step; ∆ The interviewer selects a starting point and proceeds to work . Beginning with the first household, the interviewer moves on to other households unless the required number of interviews have been conducted; ∆ Having interviewed the household of one apartment, the interviewer should each time afterwards (i .e ., after each interview) skip five (5) apartments (or 3 houses in a settlement); ∆ In the event that there are a few families in one building (shared apartment; parents and their children’s families live separately), then the rule of the left hand applies – on entering the building, the first room on the left shall be the household to interview; ∆ The interviewer is not allowed to conduct more than three (3) interviews in one apartment BUILDING . This means that if the interviewer conducted three interviews in 1, 2, or 3 porches and still many apartments remain, the interviewer shall not seek other respondents this apartment building .

18 Introduction

2) Depth interviewing Depth interviewing was conducted with 198 water users across Kazakhstan, including 110 urban residents and 88 rural residents . The interview topics included the same subjects as the questionnaire but in more detail . In addition, 42 interviews with officers and specialists in water supply were conducted, including the workers of river basin bodies (11 interviews), oblast and city water supply companies (15 interviews), health workers, akimat workers, and NGOs (17 interviews) .

3) Focus groups While surveying, 16 focus groups were carried out in oblast centers and towns . In March of 2005, focus groups were conducted in the cities of Almaty and Taldykorgan . In July of 2005, they were conducted in the cities of Aktobe, Aktau, Atyrau, Uralsk, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Semipalatinsk, Pavlodar, Kokshetau, Kostanai, Petropavlovsk, Temirtau, Taraz, Shymkent, and Kyzylorda . Each group consisted of 8 to 11 people, and the discussion lasted from 1-1 .5 to 2 hrs .

4) Processing the results of the social surveys The results were processed and put into a database of the SPSS program for analysis . The results of two research stages were put in different files as some issues were modified or updated following the pilot stage . After the analysis, the results were combined into a joint report .

Table 1.4. Number of respondents from each oblast by settlement type

City of national Oblast Name of oblast Town Settlement Total status center City of Astana 256 0 0 0 256 City of Almaty* 590 0 0 0 590 Akmola 0 90 85 201 376 Aktubinsk 0 150 35 152 337 Atyrau 0 85 46 98 229 East Kazakhstan 0 185 245 300 730 Zhambyl 0 181 42 271 494 West Kazakhstan 0 100 30 173 303 Karaganda 0 285 272 111 668 Kostanai 0 126 122 210 458 Kyzylorda 0 126 56 123 305 Mangistau 0 80 53 42 175 Pavlodar 0 142 101 131 374 North Kazakhstan 0 100 24 214 338 South Kazakhstan 0 260 155 664 1079 Almaty * 0 83 150 570 803 Republic of Kazakhstan 846 1,993 1,416 3,260 7,515 *The pilot survey stage in February-March 2005.

19 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

20 More detailed information on the access of the country’s urban and rural population to drinking water and sanitation as well as the state of drinking water supply systems and sewerage is given in chapters 3 and 4. This chapter outlines general information on the existing level of access to water and sanitation across the country, which is presented by Table 2.1.

The Current State of Water Supply and 2Sanitation in Kazakhstan Table 2.1. Access to drinking water and sanitation of the population of the RK

Number of Access to drinking water Access to sewage Population people % people % people % Urban 8,520,222 57 .0 6,777,789 79 .4 5,373,499 6 1. Rural 6,433,510 4 .0 2,319,360 36 .1 Total in RK 14,953,732 100 .0 9,097,149 60 .8

As the table suggests, over 39% of the country’s population has no permanent Over 39% of the population access to quality drinking water . The issue is especially acute in rural areas, of the Republic of where slightly over one-third of all rural residents have permanent access to Kazakhstan does not have quality drinking water . permanent access to quality It should be noted that rural sewage access is mainly defined in the project by drinking water. the data of the social survey and was excluded from the table above as rural settlements nearly universally have individual in-yard toilets . Only a marginal percentage of the rural population has in-house lavatories, and this is indicative of a very low level of rural sanitation . The overall low access level to drinking water in the country can be explained by the poor technical conditions of water supply systems built 25-30 or more years ago . Repair and rehabilitation work was limited or not carried out at all due to limited financing in the 1990s . The system equipment is fully worn- out and outdated . Only over the past few years have funds been allocated to rehabilitate drinking water supply systems following the adoption of the sectoral program Drinking Waters, the State Rural Development Program, and other programs . The disadvantages mentioned above should also include the sectoral institutional issues that arise both from the low status of the state authorized body on water resource management and protection (CWR), and from the body’s capacity-building needs . Over the past five years, CWR has been repeatedly reorganized and relocated, and this has negatively affected its

21 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

One of the major human resources . The number of CWR staff workers was reduced several causes underlying the times, and now there are only 34 people on the staff list . ineffective management All of these factors indicate the need for a considerable improvement in the of Kazakhstan’s water management of the country’s limited and unsustainable water resources . resources is the CWR’s The existing status and organizational capacity of the Committee for Water lack of sufficient status Resources hinder full performance of the duties assigned to the committee by for coordinating and the Water Code and other laws and regulations . controlling the operations One of the major causes underlying the ineffective management of Kazakhstan’s of main departments water resources is the distribution of functions of water resource management and organizations in this between different government departments and organizations . Hence, CWR sphere. does not have the sufficient authority to coordinate and control the operations of those departments and organizations . CWR is the lowest organization in the structure of Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Agriculture; this gives rise to a conflict of interests between water resource administration and the Ministry of Agriculture, which is the largest water user . Poor status also weakens the Committee’s ability to secure the necessary authorities to negotiate on the issues of transboundary water resources .

22 The country’s urban population amounts to 8,520,200 people, including 7,569,900 urban residents and 950,300 residents of urban- type settlements. The central water supply systems of 86 cities and 176 settlements supply water to 81 cities and 139 settlements. Cities and settlements where less than 30% of the population has access to a water supply system are referred to by the category “Decentralized water supply sources”. The Current State of the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan 3by Technical Survey Findings Situation in Kazakhstan

The distribution of administrative and territorial units and the number of the population of oblasts and cities of national subordination are presented in Table  1. . Table 3.1. The number and location of the population by cities and urban-type settlements

Total number Number of Number Number of Number of urban population in № Name of settle- population in of cities population, urban-type ments cities, 000’ps 000’ ps settlements, 000’ps 1 Akmola oblast 10 15 350 .1 30 4. 47 .7 2 Almaty oblast 10 15 470 . 370 .5 99 .8 3 Aktubinsk oblast 8 2 374 . 35 0.  . 4 Atyrau oblast 2 11 260 .0 195 .0 65 .0 5 East Kazakhstan oblast 10 25 856 .8 748 .4 108 .4 6 Zhambyl oblast 4 12 430 . 399 .4 30 .8 7 West Kazakhstan oblast 2 5 260 .6  .6 27 .0 8 Karaganda oblast 11 39 1105 .6 960 145 .6 9 Kostanai oblast 5 12 494 .7 39 . 101 .5 10 Kyzylorda oblast 3 12 36 . 198 .0 165 . 11 Mangistau oblast 3 6 268 .6 224 .5 44 .1 12 Pavlodar oblast 3 7 479 .4 44 5. 35 .9 13 North Kazakhstan oblast 5  .9  .9 14 South Kazakhstan oblast 8 11 818 .0 760 .9 57 .1 15 City of Almaty 1 1240 .0 1240 .0 16 City of Astana 1 2 514 .6 514 .6 Total in the Republic of Kazakhstan 86 174 8,520 . 7,569 .9 950 .

23 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Overall, underground waters are the predominant source of the drinking water supply of urban populations (65%) . The share of surface waters increases from Over the past few years, 55% to 90% in Kostanai, Mangistau, Akmola, and Pavlodar oblasts . Urban water all primary surface water consumption in Atyrau oblast is fully provided for by surface waters . It should sources have suffered from be noted that over the past few years nearly all the surface sources of water pollution by anthropogenic supply suffered from considerable pollution by anthropogenic substances, and substances, and their water their water quality is incompliant with regulatory requirements . The pollution quality, for the most part, is of surface sources is particularly difficult in the cities of Kokshetau, Kyzylorda, incompliant with regulatory Shardara, Ekibastuz, Ridder, Lenger, etc . requirements. The utilization of underground waters predominates (80% – 100%) in Aktubinsk, Zhambyl, and South Kazakhstan oblasts . The quality of underground waters in most settlements conforms to regulatory requirements thus rendering pre- treatment unnecessary . The data of water supply companies and akimats underlay the conclusions on access to quality drinking water . It should be noted, however, that with current levels of water source pollution, unsatisfactory sanitation, and expiration of water supply distribution networks and facilities, it would be unrealistic for 100% of drinking water to be compliant with regulatory requirements without the renovation work for the water user . The monitoring data suggests that the loss of the quality of water that water users receive is mainly caused by the aptness of most parts of the distribution The level of water supply system to rust, along with the fouling of the internal surfaces of the pipeline . services coverage is These problems arise due to long-term operation and the lack of timely flushing . relatively high; 6, 771,800 The water is supplied irregularly or by schedule in 68 settlements . In some people or 79.4% of the settlements, water is supplied several hours a day, while in other settlements water is not supplied at nights . urban population has 24-hour access to quality For drinking or household needs, 537,300 people or 6.3% of the total urban drinking water. population utilizes water from common wells or in-yard wells, boreholes or surface waters as well as transported water . All available boreholes and common wells intended for decentralized water supply are derelict; sanitary zones are not compliant, and sanitary control is insufficient . Pipeline leakage, water cuts, and emergencies not only cause the loss of water and irregular water supply, but distort the sanitary welfare of the population and sometimes give rise to infectious diseases . However, this situation is not always indicative of the contamination of supplied water . The dissemination of infections in most cases is aided not by the water itself, but rather by a “waterless” factor, in which water is supplied irregularly or by schedule . A clear example is the city of Abai of Karaganda oblast, where water is supplied for two hours a day; the population is afraid to utilize non-boiled water not only for drinking but even for household needs such as floor cleaning . Network deterioration affects systems’ low water pressure . Thus, residents of upper floors have water access only at night or no access at all (in the cities of Aktobe and Kyzylorda) . Pipeline leakages, water cuts, and emergencies The urban drinking-water consumption level per person is quite high . The not only cause the loss of specific water consumption per resident is 1 .5-2 times higher than in the water and irregular water countries of Western Europe . supply, but distort the Water cannot be used effectively without the introduction of the billing system . sanitary well-being of the To illustrate, with 98 .4% meter coverage in the city of Shymkent, water population and sometimes consumption dropped from 450l/ day per person to 102 l/day or by more give rise to infectious than 4 times, while the same indicator dropped twice in the city of Almaty, diseases. even though only 37% used meters . At the same time, less than 20% of the populations of 58 cities use water meters . The water fee is calculated by the water consumption rate and remains a marginal part of the household budget, while water users remain unaware of the real cost of water supply services .

24 The Current State of the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by Technical Survey Findings

Water discharge infrastructure connections are widespread, ranging from 12% in the city of Ayagoz to 98% in the city of Satpayev . The oblast centers and cities of Astana and Almaty have 60%-94% of residents connected to Water infrastructure water discharge systems . Many industrial cities such as Ridder, Zyryanovsk, deterioration in most Karatau, Satpayev, Zheskazgan, and Zhanatas enjoy high connection levels to settlements of the country water discharge systems--exceeding 90% . The worst sanitation example can amounts to 40%-70%, be seen in the settlements where such systems are not widespread . sometimes reaching 100%. Water infrastructure deterioration in most settlements of the country amounts to 40%-70%, sometimes reaching 100% . The regional data suggest that the major expiration of distribution networks amounts to 80 .5% in Almaty oblast, 67 .% in Akmola oblast, 65 .6% in Pavlodar oblast, 65% in Atyrau oblast, and 6 .5% in East Kazakhstan oblast . Sectoral regulations classify the physical deterioration of water supply systems over 50% as critical, for further deprecation sharply increases the accident rate, which causes damage that significantly increases the cost of its prevention . The length of networks in the country’s cities amounts to 23,468 km of water supply and 11,133 km of sewage systems . Most water pipelines were put into operation or overhauled over 25-30 years ago . More than half of the networks require replacement or overhaul . In addition, the cities have abandoned networks (not included in the balance of local utilities), formerly owned by central departments; these networks require complete replacement . The overall loss in the distribution networks caused by pipe deterioration reaches 30%-50% and more for water produced . The number of network emergencies grows annually by 4%-5% on average . The number of emergencies per 100 km of water distribution networks grew from 15-20 in the mid-1990s to 70 in 2004 . The water supply and distribution system is deteriorating rapidly, thus causing greater accident risk and a higher number of leakages . Obsolete communications waste 250,000 m3 – 300,000 m3 of water a day . The overall construction of water distribution facilities falls considerably behind the pace of civil housing construction . An analysis of the growth of pipeline length has demonstrated its drop by more than 15 times . Preventive maintenance of networks, including maintenance for the equipment of water supply and water discharge systems has been replaced by accident recovery work, the unit cost of which is  .5-3 times higher than that of scheduled repair of the same facilities . Such a situation further aggravates the lack of resources and causes an accrual of the number of unrepaired facilities and loss of their reliability . This has already negatively affected the supply of quality drinking water of sufficient quantity for the country’s population . Water supply treatment facilities are in need of reconstruction, reconditioning, new operating procedures, and new chemical reagents . Every third water treatment facility is improper . The electricity-driven equipment of operating water pump and sewage pump stations in nearly all settlements need to be reconstructed or replaced . Forty- five percent of WPS and 34% of SPS in cities and settlements have been depreciated by over 70% . One-third of the 86 operating urban sewage treatment facilities are technically unsatisfactory . Thirty-nine cities and settlements have no treatment facilities at all; thus, waste waters are discharged untreated . Untreated flows are discharged directly into filtration fields as in the city of Taraz, in ponds in the cities of Kokshetau, Kyzylorda, Uralsk, Petropavlovsk, and to the ground relief of adjacent areas in Kostanai . A considerable volume of wastewater from enterprises (up to 24% in some cities) goes directly to urban treatment facilities which are not intended for the treatment of industrial waste waters . Recently, household waste waters are predominated by hard-to-treat foreign- 25 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

made detergents with a lasting adverse environmental impact that pollutes water sources . Many operating treatment facilities have already worked out their operational resources and are in need of repair . Other facilities have overload capacity which makes the waste water technology incompliant with the design data . The treatment facilities of the cities of Taldykorgan, Atyrau, Pavlodar, Ust- Kamenogorsk, and Semipalatinsk are overloaded by 1 .5-2 times . The waste ponds are frequently filled up to the limit, endangering water objects and settlements with the accidental breaking of dams . When operating the Taldykol pond in Astana city in the freshet period, there is a danger of its overfilling and washout; therefore, water is discharged to the adjacent areas according to emergency procedures .

The situation in the oblasts The existing access level of the populations of the cities of national status, oblast centers, cities and towns, and urban-type settlements to drinking quality water and sewage system is represented in Table  . . The table illustrates that the number of the urban population of the Republic of Kazakhstan with permanent access to quality drinking water amounts to

Table 3.2. summary of access of the urban population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to water supply and sanitation systems

Number of people Access type to sewage system (ps . /%) Population with 24-hour-a-day № Territorial division Unequipped (ps .) access to quality Central supply Cesspool drinking water (ps .,%) lavatory 1 Akmola oblast 350,166 92,542 or 26 .4% 160,972/46 .0 14,673/4 .0 173,521/50 .0 2 Almaty oblast 470,319 330,907 or 70 .% 168,392/35 .8 3,200/0 .7 298,727/6 .5 3 Aktubinsk oblast 374,166 351,423 or 9 9%. 226,973/60 .7 3,993/1 .0 143,201/38 . 4 Atyrau oblast 260,043 165,911 or 6 8%. 116,359/44 .7 3,746/1 .5 139,937/5 .8 5 East Kazakhstan oblast 856,793 734,317 or 85 .7% 521,943/60 .9 14,892/1 .7 319,959/37 .4 6 Zhambyl oblast 430,162 386,005 or 89 .8% 143,085/ . 8,488/ .0 278,589/64 .7 West Kazakhstan 7 260,575 252,508 or 96 .9% 195,550/75 .0 8,670/ . 56,354/21 .7 oblast 8 Karaganda oblast 1,105,525 997,369 or 90 .% 817,493/7 .9 37,387/ 4. 250,645/ .7 9 Kostanai oblast 494,722 367,868 or 74 .4% 334,515/67 .6 20,572/4 . 139,637/28 . 10 Kyzylorda oblast 363,218 82,145 or  .6% 105,813/29 .1 3,384/1 .0 254,021/69 .9 11 Mangistau oblast 268,619 173,401 or 64 .5% 228,396/85 .0 3,793/1 .4 36,430/1 .6 12 Pavlodar oblast 479,369 345,663 or 7 1%. 410,776/85 .7 1,409/0 . 67,165/14 .0 North Kazakhstan 13 233,900 190,589 or 81 .4% 146,304/6 .5 2,567/1 .1 85,029/36 .4 oblast South Kazakhstan 14 818,070 552,118 or 67 .5% 274,372/ .1 16,294/ 0. 527,403/64 .9 oblast 15 City of Almaty 1,240,000 1,235,148 or 99 .6% 995,100/80 . 244,900/19 .8 16 City of Astana 514,575 513,875 or 99 .9% 384,388/74 .7 130,187/25 . Total 8,520,222 6,771,789 or 79.4% 5,373,499/63.1 3,146,723/36.9

26 The Current State of the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by Technical Survey Findings

79 .4%; the number with permanent access to improved sewage is 6 .1% . Hence, 36 .9% of the urban population uses unimproved sewage systems .

The situation concerning water supply in the oblasts is detailed below. The urban population of Akmola oblast amounts to 350,100 people, including 302,400 city residents and 47,700 urban-type settlement residents . The central water supply covers ten cities and fourteen settlements out of the Quality drinking water existing ten cities and fifteen settlements . and regular water supply The share of water users connected to the central water supply varies from services in Akmola oblast 6 .%-100% . Fourteen settlements recover water from underground water are accessible to 26.4% of sources, but their percentage share to the number of the population is marginal: urban residents or 92,542 103,372 people or 29 .5% . The remaining 11 settlements partly (the city of people. Kokshetau 78 .% and the city of Yesil 62%) or fully recover water from surface sources . The quality of surface waters is incompliant with the standards fixed for drinking water . At the same time, due to the absence of treatment facilities or physical deterioration, four settlements (144,151 people or 41 .%) have to use untreated water of non-standard quality for household needs and drinking . Water treatment facilities require reconstruction, reconditioning, new operating procedures, and new chemical reagents . The situation is even worse than this would indicate because nine settlements have irregular or scheduled water supply . Due to long-term operation and the absence of timely flushing, a considerable part of the internal surface of the pipelines is corroded and encrusted, and water gets contaminated again when transported to water users . Water infrastructure deterioration in most settlements amounts to 60%-70%, sometimes reaching 100% (in the settlements of Borovoye and Birlestik) . The urban population of Almaty oblast amounts to 470,000 people, including 370,500 city residents and 99,800 urban-type settlement residents . The central water supply covers nine cities and fourteen settlements out of the Quality drinking water existing ten cities and fifteen settlements . The share of water users connected is accessible to 330,900 to the central water supply varies from 24 .5%-100% . Twenty-two settlements people or 70.3% of Almaty partly or fully recover water from underground sources (443,300 people or oblast 24 hours a day. 94 .% of the entire urban population in the oblast) . The quality of underground waters is good and compliant with the regulatory requirements of SanPiN and GOST . The situation of people using water from surface sources is worse . Due to the absence of treatment facilities or their physical deterioration, the populations of the cities of Talgar, Lepsy, and Ulken use water of non-standard quality for drinking . The situation is aggravated by the fact that six settlements have irregular or scheduled water supply . Due to lasting operation and the absence of timely flushing, a considerable part of the internal surface of the pipelines is corroded and encrusted, and water gets contaminated again when transported to water users . Water infrastructure deterioration in most settlements amounts to 60%- 70%, reaching 100% in the settlement of Ulken . The urban population of Aktubinsk oblast amounts to 374,200 people, including 352,000 city residents and 22,200 urban-type settlement residents . The central water supply covers eight cities and two settlements . The share of Quality drinking water water users connected to the central water supply amounts to 100% . Hence, in Aktubinsk oblast is it should be noted that apart from the settlement of Kenkiyak, all settlements accessible 24 hours a under consideration have regular water supply . day to 351,423 people The oblast’s urban population utilizes underground waters for water supply . The or 93.9% of the urban quality of water in most settlements is compliant with regulatory requirements, population. thus rendering pre-treatment unnecessary . However, due to the high degree of physical deterioration of diversion facilities, the population overall suffers 27 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

from water deficit . Consequently, there is a need for measures on expanding diversion facilities, underground water resources, exploratory works for the discovery of new fields, and activities for water protection from deterioration and pollution . Water infrastructure deterioration in most settlements exceeds 70%, reaching 100% in the settlements of Zhem and Emba . Official data from the cities suggest that water is 100% compliant with regulatory requirements . However, in view of the deterioration of water distribution networks and the number of network emergencies in a year, such data seem doubtful . The urban population of Atyrau oblast amounts to 260,000 people, including 195,000 city residents and 65,000 urban-type settlement residents . The central water supply covers two cities and seven settlements out of the The number of the urban two existing cities and eight settlements . The share of water users connected population with quality to the central water supply varies from 48 .1% to 100% . The urban population drinking water and regular utilizes surface waters for water supply . Though the quality of surface waters is incompliant with the standards fixed for drinking water, six settlements water supply in Atyrau (30,000 people or 11 .5% of entire urban population in the oblast) have to use oblast is 165,900 or 63.8% water of non-standard quality for household needs and drinking due to the of the population. absence of treatment facilities or their physical deterioration . Seven settlements have irregular or scheduled water supply (61,600 people or  .7% of entire urban population in the oblast) . Due to lasting operation and the absence of timely flushing, a considerable part of the internal surface of the pipelines is corroded and encrusted, and water gets contaminated again when transported to water users . Water infrastructure deterioration in most settlements amounts to 60%-70%, sometimes reaching 100% (in the settlements of Koschagyl) . Quality drinking water and regular water supply are mainly accessible to residents of the city of Atyrau and the settlements of Balykshi and Zhumysker, which are serviced by Atyrau’s city water supply company . The urban population of East Kazakhstan oblast (EKO) amounts to 856,800 people, including 784,400 city residents and 108,400 urban-type settlement residents . Because of the level of water supply, EKO is referred to The number of the urban as the most trouble-free of all settlements . The central water supply covers ten population with 24-hour cities and twenty-one settlements out of the existing ten cities and twenty-five access to quality drinking settlements . The share of water users connected to the central water supply varies from 4 .1% to 100% . The urban population utilizes surface waters for water in East Kazakhstan water supply . Twenty-five settlements fully or partially recover water from oblast amounts to 85.7% underground water sources . The quality of underground waters is good and or 734,300 people. compliant with the requirements of SanPiN and GOST . The situation of people using water from surface sources is worse . In most settlements with combined water recovery or surface water recovery, water treatment technologies became ineffective following the increased degree of contamination or the physical deterioration of water treatment facilities (in the settlements of Novaya Bukhtarma, Oktyabrsky, Pribrezhny, and Ognevka) . The manufacturing control over the quality of supplied water is compliant with state standards only in the cities, as in most cases it comes down to an evaluation of organoleptic indicators, residual chlorine, and the level of bacterial contamination . Four settlements have irregular or scheduled water supply . Due to lasting operation and the absence of timely flushing, a considerable part of the internal surface of the pipelines is corroded and encrusted, and water gets contaminated again when transported to water users . Water infrastructure deterioration in most settlements amounts to 60%-70%, sometimes reaching 100% (in the settlement of Oktyabrsky) .

28 The Current State of the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by Technical Survey Findings

The urban population of Zhambyl oblast amounts to 430,200 people, including 399,400 city residents and 30,800 urban-type settlement residents . The central water supply covers four cities and eight settlements out of the existing four cities and twelve settlements . The share of water users connected The number of the urban to the central water supply varies from 18 .6% to 56 .6% . population with 24-hour access to quality drinking The oblast’s urban population mainly utilizes underground waters for water water in Zhambyl oblast supply (425,800 people or 98 .9% of entire urban population in the oblast) . amounts to 89.8% or Owing to the overall availability of underground waters, water is supplied to oblast cities and settlements by local water pipes . The quality of water in most 386,000 people. settlements is compliant with regulatory requirements, thus rendering pre- treatment unnecessary . Water infrastructure deterioration in all settlements exceeds 50%, and they are nonfunctioning due to the state of emergency . The urban population of West Kazakhstan oblast (WKO) amounts to 260,600 people, including 233,800 city residents and 27,000 urban-type settlement residents . The central water supply covers two cities and three settlements out of the existing two cities and five settlements . The share of water users connected to the central water supply varies from 9 .6%-9 .% . Three settlements with populations numbering 38,700 recover water from The number of the urban underground sources . The quality of underground waters is good and compliant population of West with the requirements of SanPiN and GOST . The remaining population partly Kazakhstan oblast with or fully utilizes water from surface sources . Hence, the sustainable operation 24-hour access to quality of water treatment facilities ensures the standard quality of the water . drinking water amounts to Two settlements have irregular or scheduled water supply . 96.9% or 252,500 people. Water infrastructure deterioration in most settlements amounts to 60%-70% . The urban population of Karaganda oblast amounts to 1,105,600 people, including 960,000 city residents and 145,600 urban-type settlement residents . The central water supply covers eleven cities and thirty-four settlements out of the existing eleven cities and thirty-nine settlements . The share of water users connected to the central water supply in the oblast varies from 18 .8% to 98 .8% . Five settlements fully or mostly use water from surface sources . Due to the high degree of surface water contamination and the considerable deterioration of water treatment facilities, the available water preparation technology appears to be ineffective in the spring and summer time and is sometimes incompliant with regulatory requirements . In Karaganda oblast, 997,400 people (90.2% of The remaining settlements utilize water from underground sources . The the urban population) have quality of underground waters is mostly compliant with the standards fixed for drinking water, and water is distributed without pre-treatment . access to a permanent drinking water supply. Ten settlements have irregular or scheduled water supply . Due to lasting operation and the absence of timely flushing, a considerable part of the internal surface of the pipelines is corroded and encrusted, and water gets contaminated again when transported to water users . Water infrastructure deterioration in most settlements amounts to 60%-70%, sometimes reaching 100% (e .g ., in the settlement of Novdolinsky, which has 6,600 residents) . The findings on access to quality drinking water are based on the data obtained from water supply companies and local administrations, though the printed media repeatedly reported outbreaks of enteric fever in the cities of Temirtau, Shakhtinsk, and Abai, citing the water factor as the cause . Thus, the real situation concerning the access to quality drinking water in the cities and settlements may be a lot worse . The urban population of Kostanai oblast amounts to 494,700 people, including 393,200 city residents and 101,500 urban-type settlement residents . 29 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The central water supply covers five cities and eleven settlements out of the existing five cities and twelve settlements . The share of water users connected to the central water supply varies from 18% to 100% . Eight settlements fully or partially recover water from surface sources . Due to the high degree of surface The number of the urban water contamination and the considerable deterioration of water treatment population in Kostanai facilities, the available water treatment appears to be ineffective, and the oblast with 24-hour population, in particular that of the city of Arkalyk and the settlement of Kachar, access to quality drinking utilizes water that is not always compliant with regulatory requirements . Water water amounts to 74.4% supply treatment facilities are in need of reconstruction, reconditioning, new (367,900 people). operating procedures, and new chemical reagents . Four settlements have irregular or scheduled water supply . Due to lasting operation and the absence of timely flushing, a considerable part of the internal surface of the pipelines is corroded and encrusted, and water gets contaminated again when transported to water users . Even considering the regularity of the supply in the city of Lisakovsk, the quality of water in the distribution network is not compliant with regulatory requirements and exceeds the admissible level of 5% . Water infrastructure deterioration in most settlements amounts to 60%-70% . The urban population of Kyzylorda oblast amounts to 363,200 people, including 198,000 city residents and 165,200 urban-type settlement residents . The central water supply covers three cities and eleven settlements out of the existing three cities and twelve settlements . The share of water users connected to the central water supply varies from  4%. to 100% . The oblast’s urban population mostly utilizes surface waters, while settlement residents recover underground waters . The quality of underground waters in In Kyzylorda oblast, the most settlements conforms to regulatory requirements thus rendering pre- number of the population treatment unnecessary . with 24-hour access to Following the high degree of surface water contamination and the high quality drinking water deterioration level of water treatment facilities, the population of the city of amounts to 22.6% or Kyzylorda and Aralsk utilizes water incompliant with regulatory requirements . 82,100 people. Water treatment facilities are in need of reconstruction and reconditioning . Water infrastructure deterioration in all settlements exceeds 40%, reaching over 80% in five settlements (the settlement of Toretam, the city of Aralsk, the settlement of Shiyeli, etc .) The findings on access to quality drinking water are based on the data obtained from water supply companies and local administrations, though the real situation regarding access to quality drinking water in the oblast settlements may be a lot worse . The settlement of Shiyeli was repeatedly cited by the media as an unfavorable environmental area, with non-quality water being one of the reasons for this . The urban population of Mangistau oblast amounts to 268,600 people, including 224,500 city residents and 44,100 urban-type settlement residents . The central water supply covers two cities and two settlements out of the The number of the urban existing three cities and six settlements . The share of water users connected population with 24-hour to the central water supply varies from 24 .% to 100% . access to quality drinking water in Mangistau Water is supplied to the urban population by the Astrakhan-Mangyshlak oblast amounts to 64.5% water pipe and by means of water conversion . To satisfy the water quality requirements and in view of a large length of the Astrakhan-Mangyshlak water (173,400 people). pipe, as well as the lasting period of source-to-user water transportation, the project initially provided for two-stage water treatment . The first stage involves the treatment of water from the river of Kigach at main treatment facilities . The second stage entails water treatment in the area of consumption . The quality of supplied water is compliant with regulatory requirements .

30 The Current State of the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by Technical Survey Findings

Water infrastructure deterioration in four settlements exceeds 80% (e .g ., the city of Fort Shevchenko, the settlement of Munaishy) . Three settlements have water supplied to them by specialized trucks (the settlements of Zhetybai, Mangistau, and Kyzylsai) as intra-settlements’ distribution networks are lacking or in a state of emergency . Moreover, three settlements (e .g ., the settlement of Tenge) with central supply systems have the water supplied by schedule . Due to lasting operation and the absence of timely flushing, a considerable part of the internal surface of the In Pavlodar oblast, the pipelines is corroded and encrusted, and water gets contaminated again when number of the urban transported to water users . population with 24-hour The urban population of Pavlodar oblast amounts to 479,400 people, access to quality drinking including 443,500 city residents and 35,900 urban-type settlement residents . water amounts to 72.1% The central water supply covers three cities and four settlements out of the (345,700 people). existing three cities and seven settlements . The share of water users connected to the central water supply varies from 19 .5% to 9 .% . Most settlements utilize surface waters . Following the high degree of surface water contamination, the high deterioration level of water treatment facilities, and the lasting operation of the distribution networks, the populations of the city of Ekibastuz and the settlement of Maikaien utilize water incompliant with regulatory requirements . Water treatment facilities are in need of reconstruction and reconditioning . The urban population of North Kazakhstan oblast (NKO) is contained in five cities and amounts to 233,900 people . The central water supply covers all five cities . The share of water users connected to the central water supply varies from 63% to 100% . The number of the urban population with 24-hour All five cities recover water from surface sources for household needs and access to quality drinking drinking . Apart from the city of Petropavlovsk, which self-recovers water from the river of Ishim, the remaining settlements receive water from clustered water in North Kazakhstan water supply systems . The quality of water supplied is compliant with the oblast amounts to 89.9% standards fixed for drinking water . (210,400 people). Two settlements have irregular or scheduled water supply . Due to lasting operation and the absence of timely flushing, a considerable part of the internal surface of the pipelines is corroded and encrusted, and water gets contaminated again when transported to water users . Water infrastructure deterioration in most settlements amounts to 50%-70%, reaching 100% in the city of Taiynsha . The urban population of South Kazakhstan oblast (SKO) amounts to 818,000 people, including 760,900 city residents and 57,100 urban-type settlement residents . The central water supply covers seven cities and eight settlements out of the existing eight cities and eleven settlements . The share The number of the urban of water users connected to the central water supply varies from 18 .% to population with 24-hour 100% . access to quality drinking Sixteen settlements partly or fully recover water from underground sources, water in South Kazakhstan which are utilized by 772,300 urban residents or 94 .4% . The quality of the Oblast amounts to 67.5% underground water is good and compliant with the regulatory requirements of (552,100 people). SanPiN and GOST . The situation of people using water from surface sources is worse . Due to the high degree of contamination of surface water sources and the physical deterioration of treatment facilities, the populations of Saryagash, Shardary, and Lenger utilize water of non-standard quality for drinking . Nine settlements have irregular or scheduled water supply . Due to lasting operation and the absence of timely flushing, a considerable part of the internal surface of the pipelines is corroded and encrusted, and water gets contaminated again when transported to water users .

31 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Water infrastructure deterioration in most settlements amounts to 60%-70%, reaching 100% (in the settlement of Saryagash) . Regarding the population’s access to quality drinking water and regular water supply, such is provided to 552,100 people or 67 .5% of the oblast’s urban population . It may be concluded from an analysis of the current state of water utilities that the situation of water supply and water discharge systems in many cities and urban-type settlements is critical . If no effective measures are taken to prevent a crisis, this situation can negatively affect the water supply system within the next five or six years, and even completely destroy water supply and water discharge facilities, which represent comprehensive engineering and technical complexes . The cost of rehabilitation would be incommensurably high, and new construction work would be time-consuming . The critical situation that now exists may grow into a catastrophe .

32 According to the data of the Agency for Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, at the end of 2004 the rural population amounted to 6,433,500 people, dispersed across fourteen oblasts in 7,440 settlements and auls. Nearly 60% of the population lives in settlements of over 1,000 residents, which makes the the solution of water supply issues much easier and reduces costs of 1 m3 of supplied water. The Current State of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by technical survey findings 4The number of administrative territorial units along with population numbers are shown in Table 4 .1 .

For this report, the total number of rural settlements was taken from the State Rural Development Program (SRDP) for 2004-2006 . According to SRDP,

Table 4.1. The rural population and its distribution

Population distribution Number of Popula- regional centers settlements, auls N Oblast settlements, tion, items ‘000 ps . administrative population, administrative population, units, items ‘000 ps . units, items ‘000 ps . 1 Akmola 705 399 .78 5 26 .10 700 37 .68 2 Aktobe 426 30 60. 6 37 .97 420 264 .63 3 Almaty 811 1,106 .47 4 6 .80 807 1,04 .67 4 Atyrau 195 196 .12 4  .86 191 16 .6 5 East-Kazakhstan 818 598 .9 9 7 .50 809 525 .89 6 Zhambyl 367 54 95. 8 110 .50 359 4 .45 7 West-Kazakhstan 498 344 .8 11 64 .60 487 279 .68 8 Karaganda 496 221 .90 3 10 .63 493 211 .7 9 Kostanai 750 418 .13 10 55 .88 740 36 .5 10 Kyzylorda 270 245 .83 0 0 270 245 .83 11 Mangystau 44 8 .91 0 0 44 8 91. 12 Pavlodar 449 26 0. 2 9 5 .05 440 209 .97 13 North-Kazakhstan 740 427 .56 5 36 .8 735 391 .18 14 South-Kazakhstan 871 128 57. 7 88 . 864 1,195 .4 Total: 7,440 6,433.51 81 651.60 7,359 5,781.91

33 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

the number of 7,660 administrative units included 136 entirely abandoned settlements and 83 settlements where residents are considered urban . Since the SRDP approval, some settlements have changed their status; some rural During the normal settlements have become urban, and some have ceased to exist . Table 4 . functioning of water presents comparative data on the numbers of rural settlements; data are networks, some households provided by various organizations and departments . equipped their houses with During the normal functioning of water networks, some households equipped internal lavatories and their houses with internal lavatories and baths . In some regions and oblasts, baths. In some regions and 30% or more of housing space was equipped with water pipes . oblasts, 30% or more of housing space was equipped The rural water supply infrastructure, which was built primarily from 1960- 1990, distinguished Kazakhstan from other developing countries . The with water pipes. availability of forecasting resources and explored groundwater resources determined the scheme of rural water supply development . In areas with water supply, local water networks were constructed . In areas with limited water resources or predominately mineralized waters, such as in West Kazakhstan, Kostanai, Akmola, Atyrau, and Kyzylorda oblasts, group water supply systems 50 -2000 km long were constructed to serve hundreds of settlements . The overall length of such water supply systems reached 17,100 km, and they supplied water to 1,276 rural settlements . Unique water pipelines operated for more than two decades . All of them were exploited with significant subsidies from the government . A total of seventy-nine clustered water supply systems functioned across the country . Two thousand five hundred settlements had local water pipes totaling

Table 4.2. The number of rural settlements according to various organizations

Agency for SPRD 2002 Statistics of the RK

The 1999 N Oblast census report) Centre for Systematic 3 1 .  . 00 as of as of rural Total the President Administration of the RK, as Research under reviewed (accepted in this including as of 01 . . 004 settlements 01 . . 004 01 . . 005 Oblast governments

1 Akmola 729 689 675 710 688 714 705 2 Aktobe 454 441 439 438 426 465 426 3 Almaty 799 826 798 810 769 797 811 4 Atyrau 180 198 187 190 184 200 195 5 East-Kazakhstan 846 857 857 855 826 970 818 6 Zhambyl 366 382 370 367 367 251 367 7 West-Kazakhstan 509 517 498 498 477 517 498 8 Karaganda 524 506 487 558 498 392 496 9 Kostanai 779 766 746 757 739 724 750 10 Kyzylorda 269 274 257 269 265 175 270 11 Mangystau 49 40 39 50 49 43 44 12 Pavlodar 520 509 450 494 444 414 449 13 North-Kazakhstan 764 759 750 753 741 765 740 14 South-Kazakhstan 896 896 888 932 874 894 871 Total: 7,684 7,660 7,441 7,681 7,347 7,321 7,440 34 The Current State of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by technical survey findings

29,000 km in length . In total, up to 65% of the country’s rural population had access to high quality drinking water; the figure reached 70% and 95% in specific regions and oblasts . In the period of Kazakhstan’s In the difficult period of Kazakhstan’s economic reforms, state financing of economic reforms, the water supply system maintenance dropped sharply; consequently, the amount amount of construction and of construction and reconstruction of water supply systems was reduced as reconstruction of water well . supply systems was reduced According to the Agency for Statistics, at the end of 2003, the specific weight considerably, and in some of overall housing square on average in the country was the following: years work was stopped completely. Water pipe 17% (fluctuations by oblast from 2% to 28%);

Sewage 6% (1% -13%)

Baths (showers) 3% (1% – 5%)

Heating 2% (from 0 .1% to 6%)

Gas 91% (from 65% to 95%)

Currently, not more than forty-six clustered water supply systems are functioning or being reconstructed . Based on information from oblast organizations and the actual useful life of the water supply systems, which exceeds 25-30 years, it is obvious that systems 70% deteriorated . Indicators for North Kazakhstan oblast represent an example, because this oblast used to have a clustered water supply trunk line which was foremost in terms of the length and number of serviced settlements:

1991 2000 2004

Length, km 5,68 8. 4,075 .0 2,958 .1

Number of serviced settlements 497 290 163

The current conditions of water supply are presented in Table 4 . .The indicators by region and oblast are shown in the appendix . As the table suggests, 6 .9% of the population utilizes water from in-yard and common wells as well as from surface sources and delivered water . A central water supply system serves 2,072 settlements . Clustered water pipes are predominantly present in North Kazakhstan, Mangystau, and Atyrau oblasts . A small part of the population in Kyzylorda, Kostanai, Akmola, and East Kazakhstan oblasts is also served by clustered water supply systems due to the lack of local sources in some areas . In general, local water supply systems prevail . Over the past 2-3 years, in the areas with insufficient water supply or with predominantly mineralized underground water, nearly 100 local water treatment facilities have been installed . Due to the constantly deteriorating technical conditions of water distribution networks and facilities, the specific weight of non-standard tap water samples increases in terms of bacteriological indicators . According to the data of the Sanitary Epidemiological Station, the specific weight has reached 50% or more . Presently, all existing boreholes and common wells intended for decentralized water supply are derelict . The specific weight of non-standard samples from decentralized water supply sources in terms of microbiological and chemical indicators frequently reaches 45%-55%, with the average national indicator amounting to 21 .5% . 35 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan

Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

networks, km networks,

distribution distribution Length of water water of Length 4  . 5 3 0 . 4 9  . 4 448 . 0 6  . 1 569 . 5 660 . 581 . 9 1 2 01 . 9 2 ,451 . 0 1,17  . 4 2 , 14 . 0 1,781 . 8 1,611 . 5 14,820.4 4.0 0 . 94 0 . 1 . 98 4 . 54 8 . 11 0 . 65 7 . 6 0 . 69 8 . 1  . 5 18 . 5 2 64 . 89 3 1 . 68 ‘000 ps 106 . 5 256.59 Number of population,

water

settlements settlements Number of of Number 4 2 6 9 8 3 6 49 14 14 23 1 3 8 3 7 3 Use of delivered 11 3 414 0 0 0 2.6 0 . 4 3 0 . 4 2 1 . 70 6 . 0 6 . 8 . 51  . 04  . 5 3 1 . 75 48 . 51 10 . 41 ‘000 ps 169.48 Number of population, surface 0 1 1 0 0 4 55 67 44 11 17 54 3 1 2 5 306 Number of settlements 57.3 6  . 01 45 . 61 ‘000 ps 401 . 50 2 84 . 00 2 0  . 41 3 64 . 1 2 01 . 8 2 55 . 6 115 . 65 196 . 5 3 507 . 76 1 2 5 . 68 167 . 5 3 756 . 66 3,688.07 Number of population, Use of water from local sources underground 61 23 62 489 551 3 51 2 51 3 59 5 32 1 32 3 57 3 5 2 3 59 33 7 49 2 4,646 Number of settlements 36.1 98 . 5 68 . 79 91 . 68 3 0 . 94 85 . 8 164 . 176 . 5 1 2 0 . 4 10  . 61 1 2 7 . 8 3 1 2 9 . 05 178 . 46 57  . 4 2 3 7  . 06 2,319.36 Population to portable with access water, ‘000 ps 71 50 81 1 3 9 3 28 233 109 116 118 184 2 78 3 91 1 23 2 1 2,072 Central suply coverage

Number of settlements

population, ‘000 ps ‘000 population, Number of of Number 8  . 91

2 45 . 8 3 3 0  . 60 54  . 95 3 99 . 78 196 . 1 2 598 . 9 3 44 . 8 22 1 . 90 418 . 1 3 2 6  . 0 4 2 7 . 56 100.00

1 2 8  . 57 1,106 . 47 6,433.51

settlements settlements Number of of Number 44 2 70 4 2 6 3 67 705 811 195 818 498 496 750 449 740 871 100 7,440 Atyrau Almaty Akmola TOT A L : Zhambyl Kostanai Pavlodar Kyzylorda Aktubinsk Mangystau Karaganda Oblast

East Kazakhstan West Kazakhstan North Kazakhstan South Kazakhstan of total number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 8 № in % of total number 10 11 14 1 2 1 3 T able 4.3. S tate of water supply rural settlements by the end 2004

36 The Current State of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by technical survey findings

The most widespread indicators of poor water quality are a high content of salts, iron, manganese, and a high or low content of fluorine and other components that ensure safety, harmlessness, and organoleptic water characteristics . Therefore, the current conditions of rural central water supply systems cannot be considered satisfactory . The construction and The common factors that negatively affect the operation of all the systems and reconstruction of water reduce water quality and accessibility are the following: supply systems for the ∆  high deterioration of distribution networks and facilities that in settlements are carried some cases have already worked out their useful life by 1 .5-2 times . out according to the state This leads to considerable water losses (up to 30%-40%) and, as a sectoral program “Drinking consequence, to high electrical energy costs and high prices for 1m3 Waters” and the State Rural of water; Development Program. ∆ secondary water pollution in the pipes by the output of bacterial activity and encrusted internal pipe surface; ∆  inadequate level of development and equipment, and in most cases lack of water pipe maintenance . The insufficiency of public investments in both the construction of new water supply systems and the reconstruction of existing systems has almost transformed the technical issue into a financial and economic problem . During the past 3-4 years, specific attention has been paid to the issue of water supply to the population living in the country; this is confirmed by the size of sectoral investments: 2001 – 1.85 billion tenge; 2002 – 6.50 billion tenge; 2003 – 12.50 billion tenge; 2004 – 14.11 billion tenge. The construction and reconstruction of water supply systems for the settlements are carried out according to the state sectoral program “Drinking Waters” and the State Rural Development Program . Pursuant to the programs, oblasts have developed appropriate regional programs . The activities are financed from national and local budgets as well as from external loans, grants, and the funds of economic entities . In 2004, the project Rural Water Supply of Karaganda Oblast was launched on a loan from the Islamic Development Bank . A grant from Japan’s government was utilized for implementation of the project Water Supply of Rural Settlements in the Republic of Kazakhstan, i .e ., North Kazakhstan and Akmola oblasts . However, the measures undertaken and the size of finances have failed to ensure sustainable improvement: the pace of water supply system deterioration is progressing .

37 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Sanitation issues The lack of water and The lack of water and lasting water supply interruptions have predetermined lasting water supply extremely low sanitary, hygienic, and epidemiologic standards for the rural interruptions have population . predetermined extremely Not much attention has been devoted to the construction of rural sanitation low sanitary, hygienic, and facilities due to the fact that water supply has been considered a priority issue . epidemiologic standards of Sewage systems were built predominantly in the regional centers and larger life for the rural population. settlements . Moreover, only the waste of administrative buildings, schools, hospitals, and multi-storied buildings has been disposed of . In rural settlements For the most part, the mainly the sewage waste disposal systems were installed; the sewage (floatable) current state of water system represented 3%-5% of all the systems . supply and sanitation in rural areas of Kazakhstan is The data of the social survey, conducted by UNDP project, demonstrates considered unsatisfactory. that only  .8% of rural houses are connected to a central sewage system . On average, 5 .% of interviewees have in-house lavatories, including 1 .7% with lavatories connected to central sewage systems, mostly wet pits . This proves yet again that the sanitation level in rural settlements is low . The sanitary conditions of settlements, in view of forthcoming water supply costs, can initially be ameliorated without the installation of sewage systems, but just by improving individual lavatories and wet pits at public and industrial places .

Table 4.4. The rural population’s access to drinking water

Population with access to potable water № Oblast Population, ‘000 ps . ‘000 ps . % of total number 1 Akmola 399 .78 178 .46 44 .6 2 Aktubinsk 30 .60 98 .5  .5 3 Almaty 1,106 .47 57 4. 2 51 .8 4 Atyrau 196 .12 68 .79 35 .1 5 East Kazakhstan 598 .9 164 . 27 .5 6 Zhambyl 54 .95 176 .5  .5 7 West Kazakhstan 344 .8 10 61. 29 .8 8 Karaganda 221 .90 91 .68 41 . 9 Kostanai 418 .13 120 .42 28 .8 10 Kyzylorda 245 .83 127 .83 5 .0 11 Mangystau 8 .91 30 .94 36 .9 12 Pavlodar 26 .02 85 .8  .5 13 North Kazakhstan 427 .56 129 .05 30 . 14 South Kazakhstan 1,28 57. 37 06. 29 .0 TOTAL: 6,4 .51 2,319 .6 36 .1

38 The Current State of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by technical survey findings

The current level of the rural population’s access to In rural areas, 2,319,360 water people (36.1% of the country’s population) have According to the results of a survey and analysis, 2,319,360 people in rural access to clean tap water. areas have access to drinkable tap water: this is 36 .1% of the country’s total population . The analysis was conducted by administrative units, oblasts, and each settlement using defined water access criteria in accordance with the developed methodology . Table 4 .4 illustrates the results of the analysis . Regional indicators are shown in the appendix . In nine oblasts, including The overall poor access level to water in the country and specific oblasts is North Kazakhstan, West explained by the poor technical conditions of water supply systems built 25-30 Kazakhstan, and Kostanai, years ago and earlier . Repair and rehabilitation work was limited due to poor water access is below the financing . The equipment has become completely used up and is outdated . average national access In nine oblasts, including North Kazakhstan, West Kazakhstan, and Kostanai, level. water access is below the average national access level . Previously in these oblasts a considerable part of the population was supplied with water from clustered water supply systems . Currently, most of the systems are not fully operating, and some are not operating at all . The data provided by the Yesil Su public enterprise, which operates clustered water supply systems in North Kazakhstan oblast, suggest that intra-settlement Moreover, a big portion distribution networks, with rare exceptions, are inoperable not because of their of the rural population impropriety, but rather for the sake of saving and because of the easiness of connected to the water water tariff collection . supply system has no Since Yesil Su has a monopoly on the water supply sphere, it supplies water access to drinking water. to wholesale consumers only when presented with a permit from the country’s antimonopoly department . Wholesale buyers are responsible for water intake at the end of the clustered water supply system, or so-called water supply points, and for the retail sale of water to the local population . Moreover, a big portion of the rural population connected to the water supply system has no access to drinking water . On the 19th of April 2005, a round table was held in the Mazhilis of the Concerning the networks Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the Progress on Implementation of operating pipes, up of the Drinking Waters Program . The participants stated that 54 .% of the to 80% of standpipes country’s rural population receives water from central supply systems . are inoperable or Officially, this proportion of the population was considered to have access to disassembled; distribution drinking water . The real picture suggests that this part of the rural population networks require urgent receives water by schedule and sometimes on an hourly basis, with different replacement. levels of water access . Concerning the networks of operating pipes, up to 80% of standpipes are inoperable or disassembled; distribution networks require urgent replacement . A number of the settlements surveyed by the report’s authors--from North Kazakhstan, Akmola, and Karaganda oblasts--can serve as examples . The settlement of Smirnovo, a regional centre of the Akkaiyn region, North Kazakhstan oblast. The population consists of 6,600 people . The settlement is connected to the Bulayevsky clustered water pipe . The settlement networks are almost out of service . The water is sold at six water supply points, and from these points it is transported to houses in buckets, trolleys, or horses at distances of 1-2 km . Private enterpreneurs have negotiated water delivery to the households by truck; they also pour the water into tanks . The settlement of Priishimskoye, in Osakarov region, Karaganda oblast. The water supply system is managed by a farm . Water supply is Water transportation by horse, irregular because the system, built over twenty-five years ago, is in poor Smirnovo settlement, North technical condition . A great number of standpipes are not operating or are Kazakhstan oblast 39 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

fully disassembled . Some wells are totally flooded with water . Even though many households installed in-house water connections, some streets are not supplied with water as not all of the networks operate . Similar situations exist throughout the republic, including in the settlements of Malyi Barap of Akmola oblast and Litvinskoye of Karaganda oblast. Obviously, with water supply in such a state, the official figure reporting that 54 .% of people have access to water seems to be an overstatement . Taking all of this into account, we may conclude that the current level of the population with access to drinking water is more objectively reflected by the The current level of the figure of 36 .1%, which was obtained by the technical survey . population with access to drinking water is more An analysis of the current conditions of water supply certifies an extremely objectively reflected by the low level of drinking water supply to the rural population . Because of the figure of 36.1%, which was unsatisfactory technical conditions of trunk lines and intra-settlement distribution networks, the central water supply from most clustered water obtained by the technical supply systems is not guaranteed . The existing scheme of water supply for 64% survey. of the population is based on decentralized local sources . At the same time, drinking needs are satisfied by in-yard and common wells, delivered water, and the surface water of rivers, lakes, and small water sources . Wells are usually located close to wet pits, cesspools, and places frequented by cattle . This poses the danger of bacterial water contamination and, as a consequence, the outbreak of infections related to the aquatic transfer factor . In addition, perched water (the upper layer of ground water) that feeds the wells has limited resources, so the guaranteed supply of drinking water of necessary quantity is problematic . In addition, water quality deteriorates from excessive mineralization and a high hardness level, both of which are due to a high level of fluoride, iron, and other elements that have an adverse effect on human health . Therefore, considering the complexity, significance, and omnitude of water supply and sanitation issues, it is necessary to move away from rigid uniform standards of water consumption rates and determine more flexible criteria dictated by the new economic conditions of the market .

Expected rural water access level required to achieve the MDG on water and sanitation The main goal of the Due to the existing critical conditions of drinking water supply systems in “Drinking waters” program the country, and in order to improve the health of citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in 2002 the government adopted the Sectoral Program Drinking is to provide the population Waters for 2002-2010 (Government Decree No . of  .01 .02) . with a sustainable supply of drinking water in necessary The main goal of the “Drinking waters” program is to provide the population with quantity and guaranteed a sustainable supply of drinking water in necessary quantity and guaranteed quality. quality . The total volume of investments into the implementation of planned activities was set at 11 billion tenge . The funds were planned to be allocated from the national and local budgets, external loans, grants, and other sources . The implementation of the program’s activities was planned in two stages: Stage I (2002-2005) and Stage II (2006-2010) . In 2004, the State Rural Development Program for 2004-2010 was launched after being approved by the Presidential Decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan No . 1149 on 10 July 200 . Both the construction and reconstruction of water supply systems are carried out according to these programs . Between 2002 and 2004, local water treatment stations were installed in eighty-six settlements .

40 The Current State of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by technical survey findings

Among the activities on the establishment of new technological manufactures and on improvement of quality and quantity in the cities of Almaty, Atyrau, Kyzylorda, Uralsk, and Karaganda enterprises for the production of polyethylene This year, the first stage pipes were founded; and the production of water-measuring devices and water treatment installations was opened up . of the Drinking Waters Program will be completed. Over 2002 and 2004, some  . billion tenge was utilized for the With the funds intended for implementation of the program’s activities on water supply to the urban and 2005, a total of 50.97 billion rural population, including: tenge will be spent on  National budget – 16.8 billion tenge; program implementation. local budgets – 11.81 billion tenge; Economic entities – 2.57 billion tenge; External grants and loans – 2.02 billion tenge. The investment projects implemented over this period to supply water to specific rural settlements were taken into account when calculating the current access level to drinking water . Some 17 77. billion tenge was utilized for urban and rural water supply activities from all financing sources, including  .6 billion tenge for the construction and reconstruction of clustered water supply systems to supply water to rural settlements . The water pipes are listed in Table 4 5. .

Table 4.5. The list of clustered water supply systems under construction or reconstruction.

Allocated funds, № Oblast Name of water pipe Activity type million tenge 1 Akmola Seletinsky Reconstruction 50 .0 Nurinsky Reconstruction 120 .0 2 Atyrau Kulsary-Turguzba-Shokpartugai- Reconstruction 144 .65 Akkiztogai Koyandinsky Construction 100 .0 Koskulak-Tasshagyl Construction 50 .0 3 Almaty Turgensky (line II) Reconstruction 115 .8 4 East Kazakhstan Belagachsky (line II) Reconstruction 50 .0 5 West Kazakhstan Kamensky – a set of stations for Construction 150 .0 drinking water treatment 6 Kyzylorda Aralo-Sarybulaksky ( line IV) Construction 350 .0 Aralo-Sarybulaksky ( line V) Construction 5 .0 Oktyabrsky Construction 17 . Zhidelinsky Construction 150 .0 7 North Kazakhstan Bulayevsky ( line II) Reconstruction 350 .0 Ishimsky ( line II) Reconstruction 255 .4 Sokolovsky ( line II) Reconstruction 250 .0 Presnovsky ( line I-II) Reconstruction 275 .6 8 South Kazakhstan Kentau-Turkestansky Reconstruction 400 .0 9 Kostanai Zhelkuarsky Reconstruction 180 .0 Ishimsky Reconstruction 50 .0 Ashi-Tastinsky Reconstruction 150 .0

41 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The national budget is planned to be utilized for the construction of local water supply systems in forty-three UTSs and the reconstruction of the systems in thirty-four UTSs . In view of all financing sources, the activities for the improvement of the state of water supply will be implemented in 279 settlements . The oblast indicators are listed in Table 4 .6 . The number of settlements is given along with the lists of investment projects prepared by oblast administrations . The size of financing planned for such objectives amounts to 9 .409 billion tenge, i .e ., over half of finances are planned to be allocated for rural water supply facilities . The data on sources and oblasts are listed in the Table 4 .7 below . This year, the first stage of the Drinking Waters Program will be completed . With the funds intended for 2005, a total of 50 .97 billion tenge will be spent on program implementation . On 29 March 2005, the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan reviewed the progress of the implementation of the Drinking Waters Program for 2002- 2010 . In accordance with the output, the appropriate ministries and oblast administrations were instructed to do the following: ∆ modify and update the program in view of the priority investment ranking of areas with the lowest water-supply; ∆ take measures on the timely and efficient utilization of funds intended for supplying the population with quality drinking water; ∆ take necessary measures and launch the existing and newly-installed water supply facilities into operation . The decision to modify the program was also due to the introduction of a new Water Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan and adoption of State Rural

Table 4.6. Rural water supply system construction and reconstruction

with central Settlement input Number of № Oblast water supply as of settlements 01 .01 .005 2005 2006-2008 2009-2010 1 Akmola 705 278 26 194 80 2 Aktubinsk 426 71 6 66 40 3 Almaty 811 391 24 99 70 4 Atyrau 195 50 20 37 21 5 EKO 818 233 19 118 75 6 Zhambyl 367 109 14 120 57 7 WKO 498 81 21 84 26 8 Karaganda 496 123 22 96 54 9 Kostanai 750 116 10 78 50 10 Kyzylorda 270 118 25 38 23 11 Mangistau 44 13 8 23 5 12 Pavlodar 449 93 16 130 60 13 NKO 740 184 34 180 98 14 SKO 871 212 34 235 111 TOTAL: 7,440 2,072 279 1,498 770

42 The Current State of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by technical survey findings

Table 4.7. the size of investments and financing sources for rural water supply systems in 2005 (million tenge)

by sources of financing N Oblast Total Funds from External grants National budget Local budget economic entities and loans 1 Akmola 59 .04 300 .00 9 .09 40 .59 159 .6 2 Aktubinsk 311 .51 29 51. 18 .00 0 0 3 Almaty 547 .9 237 .07 310 . 0 0 4 Atyrau 779 .59 598 .59 0 181 .00 0 5 East Kazakhstan 456 .05 24 04. 21 01. 0 0 6 Zhambyl 55 . 237 .45 315 .88 0 0 7 West Kazakhstan 955 .43 798 .03 157 .40 0 0 8 Karaganda 831 .02 176 .5 48 .10 0 606 .67 9 Kostanai 380 .00 380 .00 0 0 0 10 Kyzylorda 80 . 606 .60 195 .73 0 0 11 Mangistau 195 .1 0 154 .51 40 .80 0 12 Pavlodar 47 .64 318 .07 154 .57 0 0 13 North Kazakhstan 1,759 .56 1369 .80 230 .40 0 159 .6 14 South Kazakhstan 771 .83 397 .53 227 .40 0 146 .90 Total in the country 9,408.92 5,955.93 2,118.30 262.39 1,072.29

Development Program . In addition, MA RK educed and identified the factors that hold back the implementation of the program: ∆ poor quality of pre-design and design estimates; ∆ shortcoming of the legislation on public procurement, which causes an unreasonable decrease in the cost of construction and reconstruction work done to drinking water supply facilities ; ∆ complicated procedure of identifying contractors and service suppliers; ∆ poor operating efficiency of clustered water supply systems following the lack or poor technical conditions of distribution networks . In 2003, within the development of Regional Infrastructure Development Priorities in the Republic of Kazakhstan to the year 2010, the Centre of Systematic Studies of the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan prepared a document dedicated to the state and investment needs of Kazakhstan’s drinking water supply sector . It was determined that 228 billion tenge would be needed to develop systems of drinking water supply . In view of the above-mentioned factors, the program, subject to proposals submitted by the Committee for Water Resources, was slightly modified and updated in terms of the progress and outcomes of the first stage of implementation . This was done to significantly increase budget funds for the second stage of implementation (2006-2010) . To improve the state of the country’s water supply, funds of around 255 . billion tenge are needed over this period . The preliminary data on oblasts and financing sources are represented in Table 4 .8 . In May 2005, the program was submitted to all concerned ministries, Malyi Barap settlement, Akmola oblast departments, and oblast administrations . A number of amendments, 43 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 2 010 94  . 5 97  . 08 81  . 04 699 . 6 3 64 . 17 946 . 07 674 . 47 65  . 85 5 3 6 . 7 849 . 6 3 1,515 . 4 2 ,76  . 4 3 , 50 . 07 1,174 . 79 16, 2 5  . 7 3 2 005 991 . 864 . 66 3 86 . 5 2 964 . 96 71  . 1 2 44  . 55 806 . 8 2 961 . 8 2 ,46  . 9 1,6  . 66 3 , 23 7 . 78 1,044 . 81 3 ,814 . 6 1,469 . 19,78  . 47 2 004 910 . 61 40  . 00 701 . 78 461 . 1 77  . 7 3 985 . 1,0 3 9 . 77 1,85  . 89 1,847 . 46 3 ,180 . 5 1, 3 16 . 60 1,087 . 7 3 ,68  . 05 1,617 . 4 3 19,859 . 57 2 00 3 974 . 4 3 416 . 7 866 . 75 69  . 9 458 . 0 2 7  . 4 1,14  . 89 1, 2 99 . 48 1, 2 54 . 76 1,947 . 71 1,86  . 5 3 ,7 2 8 . 45 1,440 . 11 1,0 2 6 . 10 17,8  . 85 Local budget (million tenge) 2 00 719 . 507 . 1 976 . 74 649 . 71 508 . 50 1, 2 00 . 7 1, 3 78 . 68 1,404 . 10 2 ,90  . 75 2 ,594 . 55 3 ,458 . 9 1,597 . 69 1,046 . 00 1,478 . 19 2 0,4  . 11 tenge funds, million Planned 5, 3 17 . 61 7,968 . 5 2 5, 2 46 . 17 4,754 . 4 2 2 ,076 . 8 9,8 3 7 . 9 2 4,841 . 89 3 ,4 0 . 7 2 ,5  . 7, 2 99 . 5 3 ,884 . 06 5, 3 00 . 6 2 1 3 ,6 8 . 7 18,0 3 4 . 1 2 94,15  . 7 3 2 010 88  . 65 91  . 57 761 . 54 655 . 86 3 41 . 5 2 887 . 448 . 57 61  . 5 50  . 9 2 796 . 79 2 ,590 . 56 1,4 2 1 . 10 3 ,141 . 7 1,008 . 5 14,964 . 54 2 009 9 2 . 68 810 . 89 979 . 8 3 3 6  . 48 904 . 95 33 6 . 44 790 . 09 756 . 64 901 . 59 2 , 3 10 . 19 3 ,0 6 . 4 2 1,5  . 69 3 ,576 . 80 1,01  . 16 18, 23 0 . 85 2 008 975 . 11 85  . 98 3 77 . 00 3 67 . 9 2 901 . 5 2 7 2 . 3 9 2 4 . 04 1, 3 55 . 77 2 ,98  . 47 1, 23 4 . 7 2 1,7  . 57 1,019 . 75 3 ,454 . 00 1,058 . 10 17,964 . 68 2 007 91  . 8 3 3 90 . 8 81  . 85 489 . 4 898 . 44 7 2 4 . 96  . 9 1,07  . 75 1,177 . 18 1,176 . 7 3 1,747 . 47 1,8 2 6 . 58 3 ,496 . 58 1,40  . 71 17,09  . 5 National budget (million tenge) 2 006 674 . 50 3 81 . 98 916 . 00 608 . 85 957 . 97 980 . 95 1,1 2 5 . 7 1, 2 9  . 94 1, 3 16 . 78 2 ,07  . 86 2 ,4  . 0 3 , 46 . 1 1,498 . 1, 3 86 . 6 18,99  . 65 tenge funds, million Planned 4,986 . 91 7,048 . 65 4,919 . 9 2 4,458 . 74 1,85  . 6 8,575 . 80 4,540 . 78 2 , 51 . 0 4,160 . 7 5,980 . 55 3 ,69  . 46 4,970 . 97 1 2 ,790 . 17,015 . 4 2 87, 2 44 . 97 West North South Atyrau Almaty Akmola Zhambyl Kostanai Pavlodar Kyzylorda Aktubinsk Mangistau Karaganda Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Name of oblast East Kazakhstan Total in the country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 14 1 3 1 2 T able 4.8. 2002-2010 for Waters Drinking program sectoral the within provided settlements) rural and towns, (cities, oblasts by sources f inancing 44 The Current State of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by technical survey findings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 2 010 1,0 3 6 . 80 1,0 3 6 . 80 2 ,07  . 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 005 749 . 67 4 3 6 . 7 4 3 6 . 7 4 3 6 . 7 1,11  . 60 1,11  . 60 4, 2 87 . 07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 004 606 . 67 544 . 00 544 . 00 618 . 1 618 . 1 618 . 1 3 ,549 . 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 00 3 14  . 69 160 . 00 160 . 00 575 . 65 575 . 65 575 . 65 2 ,189 . 6 3 Loans and grants (million tenge) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 00 749 . 67 67  . 4 67  . 4 468 . 5 2 ,564 . 41 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 tenge funds, million 749 . 67 Planned 2 ,854 . 40 2 , 3 0  . 9 2 , 3 0  . 9 1,499 . 04 2 ,098 . 94 2 ,854 . 40 14,664 . 1 2 010 3 84 . 47 8  . 06 3 56 . 6 518 . 00 446 . 4 2 2 00 . 0 5 2 0 . 10 3 58 . 90 5 3 4 . 95 91  . 46 2 94 . 81 467 . 08 1841 . 70 1,518 . 60 9,188 . 0 3 2 009 574 . 8 89  . 61 3 56 . 0 544 . 99 475 . 5 2 1  . 49 5 3 0 . 49 4 2 6 . 5 917 . 5 2 917 . 7 44  . 55 5 2 8 . 1,0 3 0 . 1,659 . 74 9,509 . 96 2 008 7  . 80 3 80 . 78 571 . 6 2 500 . 61 22 1 . 00 597 . 78 410 . 17 8 2 9 . 4 91  . 7 4 2 . 54 541 . 68 1,015 . 64 1,141 . 68 1,406 . 5 2 9,678 . 4 3 2 007 5 3 . 69 3 80 . 59 6 2 8 . 86 689 . 81 22 8 . 85 476 . 50 451 . 0 3 865 . 9 3 85  . 17 4 2 . 54 564 . 10 1,070 . 75 1,0 2 4 . 8 1,474 . 07 9,667 . 7 Economic entities (million tenge) 2 006 3 95 . 70 3 56 . 91 659 . 91 771 . 91  . 9 2 5 3 6 . 96 447 . 757 . 9 3 78  . 50 878 . 575 . 04 81  . 64 1,496 . 16 1,4 2 6 . 5 10,1  . 59 tenge funds, million Planned 2 ,614 . 04 5, 3 08 . 1,8 3 0 . 84 2 ,9  . 8 2 ,884 . 10 1,086 . 46 2 ,661 . 8 3 2 ,09  . 78 3 ,905 . 57 6,141 . 1 7,165 . 5 3 4,474 . 70 2 ,16  . 48 2 ,914 . 0 48,166 . 7 West North South Atyrau Almaty Akmola Zhambyl Kostanai Pavlodar continued Kyzylorda Aktubinsk Mangistau Karaganda Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Name of oblast East Kazakhstan Total in the country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 10 11 14 1 3 T able 4.8. 45 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

modifications, and remarks were made; these were mostly related to the program’s budget, water tariffs and subsidizing, and the lack of local budget funds . Once all necessary amendments are made, the Program will be submitted to the government for consideration . The aggregate volume of When defining the term required for possible achievement of the MDG on water financial resources over and sanitation in Kazakhstan, a goal was set to identify the number of the 2006-2010 in the rural population that would be able to receive access to drinking water by the end water supply sector is set of 2010, once the Drinking Waters Program and the State Rural Development in the amount of 119.34 Program are implemented . billion tenge. A calculation was made on the basis of specific settlements included in the list of investment projects in the context of regions and oblasts . A set of investment projects and financial volumes on the accounts of the national and local budgets was adopted by the Committee for Water Resources, based on the data of medium-term and long-term programs of oblast administrations . The volume of investments in the form of loans and grants was accepted upon the data of the Committee for Water Resources along with the implemented projects . The planned financial resources in the regional and oblast context are outlined in the appendix, while the overall national data is represented in Table 4 .9 . The aggregate volume of financial resources over 2006-2010 in the rural water supply sector is set in the amount of 119 .4 billion tenge . The calculation results of the forecasted oblast access level in the regional context are given in the appendix, while the national data is represented in Table 4 .10 .

Table 4.9. Planned financial resources for the implementation of the second stage of the Drinking Waters Program

Total financial resources by years (billion tenge) Name of oblast in 2006-2010 (billion, tenge) 2006 2007 2008 2009-2010 Akmola 11 .97 4 .44 4 .00  .09 0 .44 Aktubinsk 4 .93 0 .76 1 .16 1 .06 1 .95 Almaty 4 .6 1 .11 0 .85 1 .6 1 .04 Atyrau 7 .7  .6 1 .81 1 .97 1 . East Kazakhstan 9 .57 1 .04 1 .52 1 .70 5 .1 Zhambyl 6 .56 0 .92 1 .6 1 .68  .60 West Kazakhstan  .83 1 .49 0 .62 0 .99 0 .73 Karaganda 8 .08  .11  .42  .09 1 .46 Kostanai 7 .63 1 .59 1 .67 1 .40  .97 Kyzylorda 9 .16 1 .88 1 .84  .15  .9 Mangistau 0 .52 0 .7 0 .13 0 .07 0 .05 Pavlodar 11 .93 1 . 1 .89  .72 6 .00 North Kazakhstan 9 .96  .46  .6  .14  .10 South Kazakhstan  .57  .05  .59 7 .10 9 .83 Country’s total 119.34 24.80 25.12 30.42 39.0

46 The Current State of Rural Water Supply and

Sanitation in Kazakhstan by technical survey findings

011 . .01 1 as of of as

79 . 0 75 . 5 74 . 8 77 . 0 77 . 7  . 5 89 . 79 . 9 71 . 8 84 . 78 . 0 88 . 0 67 . 0 65 . 1 77 .

people people

in number of of number in

010 increase increase 010 2

8,479 6, 3 56 2 , 3 64

11,691 65,144 15,700 2 0,060 3 6,000 3 0,100 3 4,000 3 4,46 23 ,1 2 0 4 2 ,5 23 14 2 ,684 47 2 ,684

010 . .01 1 as of of as

76 . 1 67 . 6 67 . 7 7  . 9 7  . 6 7  . 1 86 . 4 71 . 5 61 . 9 75 . 0 74 . 8 6  . 1 69 . 9 54 . 9 6  . 5

people people

in number of of number in

009 increase increase 009 2

5,000 8,000 1, 2 00

10,000 18,500 10,800 2 7, 64 2 1,0 22 3 0, 10 3 1,890 2 4, 46 40,5 23 3 6,7 2 4 177,800 44 3 , 2 79

009 . .01 1 as of of as

71 . 4 85 . 0 65 . 1 54 . 9 70 . 7  . 6 7  . 6  . 59 . 0 59 . 6  . 0 6  . 8 6  . 45 . 56 . 7

people people

in number of of number in

008 increase increase 008 2

8,8 33

11,807 10,079 41,780 2 7, 3 9 22 , 3 06 64, 3 56 32 ,454 55,4 3 6 11, 2 57 2 5, 3 94 1 3 ,110 57,0 2 7 19 3 , 2 80 574,51 2

008 . .01 1 as of of as

45 . 9 66 . 7 68 . 0 66 . 4 50 . 49 . 8 44 . 54 . 0 57 . 8 7  . 0 54 . 9 4  . 1 55 . 65 . 46 .

people people

in number of of number in

007increase 007increase 2

7,551 9,0 33

19,849 3 1,457 6 3 ,554 22 ,11 3 75,1 2 6 77, 2 00 1 2 , 322 2 7, 32 5 23 ,460 4 3 ,41 2 0,961 3 9,4 2 5 47 2 ,789

007 2 . .01 1

of as

60 . 1 3 9 . 60 . 7 6  . 7 41 . 8 3 7 . 3 8 . 46 . 7 5  . 6  . 46 . 9 3 6 . 5 45 . 54 . 7 3 9 . 0

people people

in number of of number in

006 increase increase 006 2 46,196 16,451 65,056 11,997 19,574 2 9,499 89,100 1 3 ,161 1 3 ,014 32 , 2 56 2 8,7 3 6 32 , 2 57 2 8,749 2 4,11

450,158

Population with access to potable water (in % of total population)

006 . .01 1 as of of as

54 . 8  . 46 . 58 . 8 46 . 7 3 7 . 6  . 9 2 9 . 6 48 . 6 3 7 . 6 3 9 . 7 3 1 . 40 . 0 3 4 . 5 3 4 .

people people

in number of of number in

005 increase increase 005 2

8, 232 4, 322 3 ,4 2 5 9,648 4,670

32 ,7 3 8 11,0 33 16,68 3 2 8,9 7 2 6,76 15,70 3 3 1,790 2 8,800 11,177 233 ,910

005 . .01 1 as of of as

51 . 8 3 5 . 1 41 . 5  . 0 3 6 . 9 2 7 . 5  . 5 2 9 . 8  . 5 2 8 . 44 . 6  . 5 3 0 . 3 6 . 1 2 9 . 0

) . (ps 005, . .01 1

water as of of as water

access to potable potable to access Population with with Population 68,790 91,678 3 0,94 98, 2 5 3 85, 2 84

57 3 ,417 1 2 7,8 3 164, 32 0 176, 2 50 10 2 ,606 1 2 0,4 178,46 2 1 2 9,051 3 7 2 ,056

2 , 3 19, 6

) . (ps 004, . .01 1 Population as of of as Population 8 3 ,907 196,117 2 45,8 8 22 1,901 598, 3 89 54 2 ,954 3 44, 2 8 3 0 2 ,60 418,1 2 9 3 99,777 2 6 ,018 4 2 7,561 1,106,468 1, 2 8 3 ,571 6,4 33 ,505 East West Total North South Atyrau Almaty Akmola Zhambyl Kostanai Pavlodar Oblast Kyzylorda Aktubinsk Mangistau Karaganda Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 10 11 14 1 3 T able 4.10 F orecasted L evel of the Rural Population’s Access to Drinking Water In South Kazakhstan oblast the decrease in the number of rural population is explained by the merge of some rural settlements with Shymkent city. In South Kazakhstan oblast the decrease in number of rural population

47 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Figure 4 .1 Population with Depending on whether complete financial support is given to the program by access to potable tap water the end of 2010, 77 .% of the country’s rural population may be provided with tap water in the necessary quantity and of secure quality as shown in the figure 4 . .  .8% of the population will be supplied with water from decentralized systems, and local budgetary funds will provide for the improvement of the systems’ conditions . The figure below reflects the forecasted growth of the population’s access level to drinking water in accordance with the calculations made . At present, 6 .9% of the rural population has no access to drinkable tap water . The MDG provides for cutting this amount in half, meaning that at least 68% of the country’s population shall have access to clean drinking water . The calculation made suggests that by the end of 2009, 69 .9% of the rural population will have access to drinkable tap water, and therefore the MDG will be attained . The investment in the construction and reconstruction of water supply systems shall be at the level of 105-110 billion tenge (2005 included) . As Table 4 .7 shows, Almaty, East Kazakhstan, Zhambyl, and Kyzylorda oblasts have a 2%- 3% gap, while the gap of Aktubinsk oblast varies from 4%-5% . A major gap (9 .5%) occurs in Kostanai oblast . In all of the oblasts mentioned, the MDG may be attained by the end of 2010 . Hence, specific costs will amount to the following: per rural resident on average 18,500 tenge Atyrau Almaty Akmola Zhambyl Kostanai Pavlodar Kyzylorda Aktubinsk per resident who additionally received access to drinking water Mangistau Karaganda 54,600 tenge East Kazakhstan West Kazakhstan Country’s overall North Kazakhstan South Kazakhstan per resident with access to drinking water in accordance with MDG 27,200 tenge All of the specific costs above are comparable with specific indicators of proxy objects (see Table 4 .11) . As a consequence, the planned financial resources for 2006-2010 will suffice to improve the state of the water supply of 68% of the rural population; this will help to attain the MDGs . The pace of sector investment growth suggested by the oblasts seems rather unrealistic in the time frame of the next 1-2 years, as prepared pre-design documentation and design estimates are lacking, and the construction sector Figure 4 . Forecasted growth of basis is underdeveloped, among other reasons . Subject to the solution of the the population’s access level to above-mentioned issues, the pace of the investment project’s implementation potable water planned by sectoral programs may be achieved . It is necessary to emphasize that even with a less intensive ramp up of the construction volumes planned by the programs, MDGs may be attained by 2012-201 . This is illustrated by the figures . The 2006 budget for the rural water supply sector has not been finalized yet . The assumption is that it can reach the level of 1 .51 billion tenge . There is another assumption regarding the preservation of the pace of 2005-2006, i .e ., annual investment growth will come to four billion tenge, meaning that the MDG may be attained by the end of the decade . This was exactly the goal set in the speech given by the President of Kazakhstan, N . Nazarbaev, at the Second Civil Forum in Astana on 12 September 2005 . Rather realistic but somewhat pessimistic scenarios of a 10% growth of investment volumes, beginning in 2005 or 2006, predetermine the achievement of the MDG by 2011 and 2013 accordingly .

Predicted levels

48 The Current State of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by technical survey findings

Table 4.11 List of proxy objects

Construction Number of Specific cost, Name of facility cost, million residents, thousand tenge people tenge/resident Almaty oblast 1 . Repair and rehabilitation operations in the settlement of 20 .6 3,000 6 .87 Mynbaevo, Zhambyl region  . Reconstruction and construction of the water supply system of 36 .76 759 48 .43 the Alakol settlement, Balkhash region  . Reconstruction and construction of the water supply system of 7 .0 3,282  .0 the Bekbolat Ashekeyev settlement, Karasay region 4 . Reconstruction and construction of the water supply system of 46 . 1,608 28 .8 the Kamyskala settlement, Alakol region Akmola oblast 1 . Reconstruction of the water supply system from the 30 .98 1,550 19 .80 underground source of the Turgai settlement, Yereimentau region East Kazakhstan oblast 1 . Reconstruction of the water and sewage network of the 81 61. 18 .9 4 .05 Urdzhar settlement West Kazakhstan oblast 1 . Reconstruction of the water supply system of the regional 96 .65 6,250 15 .0 centre of Dzhangala, Dzhangala region  . Reconstruction of the water supply system and installation of the Struya water treatment station in the Mashteksai settlement, 46 .96 1,800 26 .1 Dzhangala region  . Reconstruction of the water supply system and installation of the Membrana water treatment station in Karasu settlement, 54 .75 1,100 49 .78 Kaztal region 4 . Reconstruction of the water supply system and installation of the Tazasu water treatment station in the Karakamys settlement, 60 .40 1,600 37 .75 Karatobe region Pavlodar oblast 1 . Reconstruction of the water pipeline and distribution facilities 25 .56 640 39 .94 in the Ozernoe settlement, Zhelezin region  . Reconstruction of the water pipeline and distribution facilities 16 .94 1,365 1 .41 in the Novochernoyarka settlement, Pavlodar region  . Reconstruction of the water pipeline and distribution facilities 64 .51 8,082 7 .98 in the Sherbakty settlement, Sherbakty region 4 . Reconstruction of the water pipeline and distribution facilities 38 .04 414 91 .88 in the Karatomar settlement, Bayanaul region South Kazakhstan oblast 1 . Reconstruction of the water supply system of the Karakur 51 .45 2,100 24 .5 settlement, Suzak region  . Reconstruction and construction of the water pipeline system 6 .42 11,554 5 .5 of the regional center of Temirlanovka, Ordabasyn region

49 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Figure 4 . Volume of investments into rural water supply by proposal of oblast administration

Country’s overall National budget Local budget Economic entities External grants and loans

Figure 4 .4 Scenarios of the pace of investments into rural water supply activities for MDGs’ attainment

Proposals by oblast administrations 2005-2006 pace preserved Optimal 10% drowth from 2005 Optimal 10% growth from 2006

50 The goal of the survey was to collect and analyze data to find out the current level of safe access of the rural and urban populations of the Republic of Kazakhstan to drinking water and sanitation. The analyzed data provided the following findings and conclusions. Findings of Social Survey on Evaluation of the safe Access of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to 5Drinking Water and Sanitation 5.1. Socio-economic and demographic data

Gender. Out of 7515 persons surveyed, 56 .5% are females . Women prevail in all urban areas, while men predominate in rural areas . Age. The survey covered population from 18 to 92 years of age . The average Figure 5 .1 . Reasons to move age of the respondents is 46 . (number of respondents = 766) Population and migration. According to official data, the population of Kazakhstan has fallen from 16 . million to 15 million people since 1991 . The population fell from 25-30% in such areas as Karaganda, Akmola, East- Kazakhstan, and Kostanay oblasts . The results of the survey show that the population will continue to decrease, as 683 persons or 11% of the respondents reported that they are planning to leave the region of their residence in the nearest future due to the extremely limited employment and education opportunities, poor water supply system, and water quality . Employment. Nearly half of respondents are employed . Twenty-two percent of respondents are unemployed . Pensioners account for 20% of the total sample . Family size. Respondents’ families, on average, consist of four people . Type of housing. The most common type of housing among the surveyed is the owner-occupied dwelling, which provides living quarters for 58% of the More employment opportunities in sampling . The remaining 39% live in apartment houses . other places Cumulative family income on average is very low . The majority of people’s Hard conditions for living and harsh climate income starts from 20,000 to 30,000 tenge ($150-225) a month . Twenty percent reported their income as less than 10,000 tenge, and only 12% of Poor quality of water supply and sanitation respondents have income of more than 30,000 tenge a month . тенге в месяц . It is noteworthy that 70% of the income of Kazakhstan’s rural population is No employment opportunities less than 5,000 tenge a month per family . Others moving Garden plot. The majority of rural residents have garden plots as a No gas or electrical energy supplementary source of income and source of livelihood . For more than To unify the family one-third of rural residents, garden plots form more than 40% of consumed Other food products . People heavily depend on their garden plots in Almaty, North Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan, and Pavlodar oblasts . Hard to say 51 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Figure 5 . Percent share of nutrition that people get from 5.2. The Current Situation of Water garden plots, by settlement type Supply and Sanitation in Kazakhstan by Findings of Social Survey

5.2.1 The Coverage of Kazakhstan’s Population by Central Water Supply

The survey data suggest that the number of households connected to the functioning system of the central water supply amounts to 55 .1% . Table 5 .1 demonstrates the number of surveyed households connected to the central water supply system in the oblast context . Across the country as a whole c . 55 .1% of respondents reported that their homes are served by a CWSS, although this figure varies considerably between oblasts-- from less than 23% 2 0-40% 40-60% 60-80% of the surveyed population in North Kazakhstan to nearly 95% in Almaty City . over 80%

under 2 0% A further 4 .4% of the households surveyed indicated that although they are Rural settlement connected to a CWSS it is no longer working . Don’t know (DK) Town The number of connections across the different settlement types varies Oblast center considerably . For example, the questionnaire survey indicated that the number City of national status of household connections in Kazakhstan’s two main cities as well as the 14 oblast centres, is high, with over 90% of the people surveyed reporting that their home is connected to a CWSS . Approximately 73% of the households surveyed in small urban settlements are connected to a CWSS, with the level of connection ranging from no connections--in the case of North Kazakhstan-to 100% connection, in Atyrau oblast . In both of these cases, however, the figures are based on the findings Table 5.1. The percentage of households surveyed with an operational CWSS

Not Connected, but no % of households by oblast Oblast Connected Total connected longer functioning connected to a working CWSS City of Astana 235 20 1 256 91 .7 City of Almaty 561 28 1 590 94 .9 Akmola 174 191 11 376 46 . Aktobe 180 157 0 337 5 .4 Atyrau 197 30 2 229 86 .0 East Kazakhstan 452 254 24 730 61 .9 Zhambyl 212 253 29 494 4 .9 West Kazakhstan 91 211 1 303 30 .0 Karaganda 549 94 25 668 8 . Kostanai 208 177 73 458 45 .5 Kyzylorda 167 137 1 305 54 .7 Mangystau 113 57 5 175 64 .6 Pavlodar 207 166 1 374 55 . North Kazakhstan 77 235 26 338  .8 South Kazakhstan 510 474 95 1,079 47 . Almaty 209 593* 1* 803 26 .1 Kazakhstan 4,142 3,077 295 7,515 55.1

52 Findings of Social Survey on Evaluation of the safe Access of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Drinking Water and Sanitation from a single urban settlement . In most cases, the level of connection is In Kazakhstan, 55.1% of between 50 and 80% . A loss of connections can be observed in two oblasts: households are connected South Kazakhstan and Zhambyl oblasts . Over one-third of respondents noted to a functioning central that their central water supply system is already non-functioning . water supply system. The service level in rural areas is extremely low compared to the level in cities . Of the 3,260 surveyed households, 521 or 16% are connected to a CWSS . Although a few people report that their CWSS stopped functioning prior to independence in 1991, the vast majority who were able to state when 91% of the population of their piped water supply stopped said it had done so in the last 5-10 years . cities of national status Although the rate of disconnection has slowed down, it is clear that the system and oblast centers is is continuing to deteriorate with c . 18% of respondents who reported a lost connected to a central connection to their home saying that it had occurred in the last 5 years . water supply system Such data are confirmed by the views of people expressed during in-depth (CWSS). interviews and focus groups . Here is a comment provided by a respondent from Akmola oblast: 73% of urban households ‘…there once was a water pipeline. It worked until 1995, but are connected to an everything collapsed with the breakdown of the collective farm.’ operable CWSS. (Female interviewee, Rural Akmola) Similar comments were made by numerous rural residents from Kostanai Oblast . ‘There was a pipeline a long time ago--some 10 years ago.’ Nearly 16% of rural (Male interviewee, Rural Kostanai) households are connected ‘There is a pipeline, but it has not been working for 5 years. The to a CWSS. house was connected and it is connected now, but the water pipeline is not functioning. The settlement is collapsing. People leave and the authorities have changed and abandoned everything’ (Male interviewee, Rural Kostanai). Most respondents who Approximately 8 . million people have piped water in their homes, with 6 .7 report that their piped million people getting water from other sources . water supply is no longer The respondents without an in-house CWSS can take water from the common functioning said it standpipes of urban areas or rural settlements, or from individual wells collapsed between 5 and connected to a CWSS . Over 23% fell under this category . Remarkably, some 10 years ago. 600 respondents used to have tap water, but their water pipes are no longer functioning now . However, most respondents in this category (59% – 1,949 people) stated that their city rayon has never been connected to a CWSS . Overall, 55 1%. of the respondents surveyed have a piped water supply in their Nearly 18% of respondents homes . An additional 10 .% are served by piped water at the level of urban stated that houses are not district/settlement . Taken together, this means that c . 65% of the surveyed connected to a CWSS and population has a piped water supply . Moreover, a total of 653 (8 8%). respondents have access to water from said that they had been connected to a piped water supply in the past but it no a water pipe in their block longer worked . This suggests that when the system was fully functional, nearly or settlement. 75% of the surveyed population was served by a piped water supply . Rural settlements suffered the most from the breakup of pipelines beginning in 1991 .

Table 5.2. Percentage of households without an in-house CWSS but with a central water network in city rayon (by settlement type)

Not Connected but Connected % % % connected not functioning Oblast center 46 25 .00 137 74 .46 1 0 .54 Urban settlement 149 48 .06 102  .90 59 19 .03 Rural settlement 271 1 .13 1538 68 .85 425 19 .02

53 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

An estimated one half of 5.2.2 The Level of Coverage of Kazakhstan’s a million people across Kazakhstan get their water Population by Decentralized Water Supply delivered by tankers. Sources

Nearly 45% of the people surveyed do not have a piped water supply in their Figure 5 . Main water source homes and rely on a range of other sources for water . Of this group, c .48% for respondents without a CWSS reported that they obtain their water from an individual (private) standpipe, connection across Kazakhstan with hand and electric pump standpipes representing the two most common (number of respondents =3,328) types . A further 29% of the households surveyed obtain their water from common (public) standpipes serving a number of households, with communal hand pumps serving nearly a quarter of the households falling into this category . Open water sources are also important, with 8% of the surveyed population taking their water from rivers, springs, lakes, and irrigation canals . A comparable number of people (8%) are reliant on water that is delivered to their settlement . Figure 5 . represents main water supply sources for households not connected to a central water supply system . These data will be used in the development of the Millennium Development Strategy, as they account for a degree of sustainable access to drinking water . For example, nearly half a million people in the country use water from open sources such as rivers, lakes, and pitches, or they utilize delivered water . Along with the definition provided in the first part, this portion of the population has no sustainable access to drinking water . Public open well Public water reservoir Distance to water source Public standpipe with electric pump Common standpipe The distance to a water source is one of the criteria of access to drinking Public well with electric pump water . Nearly 70% of the surveyed households that do not have a piped water Individual open well connection in their homes have a water supply within 100 m, and 41% said Individual water reservoir they have to go less than 20 m to reach their nearest water source . But for Individual standpipe a significant number of households (25%), the nearest water source is over Individual well with electric pump 100 m from their home, and 7% of the surveyed population (c . 200 of the Individual well with sucker-rod pump households) does not have a domestic water supply within 500 m of their Spring, river, lake homes . Ditch, irrigation canal Delivered water While the vast majority of people who rely on such sources have a water supply Other relatively close by (within 100 m), this does not mean that getting water is an DK easy chore; even having a pump in the yard can be problematic . Respondents mentioned that it is slippery, cold, and inconvenient to carry water . It is difficult to get water from standpipes in the winter period, as the area around the pipe Nearly 70% of respondents is frozen: ‘We have to warm the pipe’, ‘Standpipes can be over-frozen in the not connected to a CWSS winter time, and we open them with boiling water’ . have water within the During such periods, people have to use snow for water and as one radius of 100 m from their interviewee noted: houses. ‘There is also a problem with water in the winter. We use water from melted snow or from ice holes…..some households take water from the so-called ‘pull-out’ reservoirs, where water from melted snow and groundwater flows.’ Most people without a piped (Male interviewee, rural West Kazakhstan) water supply in their homes collect their water on foot, The situation for people in urban areas is often no better, and for but as the distance to the many households the distance that must be covered and the number source increases, other of households that are served by one pump create many problems. forms of transport are used. ‘Of course we are tired of going to the pump to get water. It is not very close to our house (the pump)... It is localed 200 m away from the

54 Findings of Social Survey on Evaluation of the safe Access of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Drinking Water and Sanitation

house and serves 50 homes. It is all icy around the pump in winter. Figure 5 .4 Distance to potable We have to break the ice. The access to water is nearly frozen.’ water source to be covered by (Female interviewee, Uralsk City) people not connected to a CWSS

‘Getting water in the winter time is a huge problem. Standpipes are always frozen or broken. You have to get water with an axe.’ (Male interviewee, Semipalatinsk City)

Means of getting water Most people go for water by foot . Many use carts . Others use a cart with a horse or bring water by car . Some have to cover a distance of 500 – 1000m, and in order to do so they use cars (Figure 5 .5) .

Time for water delivery In half of the cases, people spend less than 10 minutes on water delivery . The remaining 30% of respondents reported that they spend 10-30 minutes on Under 20 m water delivery . The time it takes, however, can be very variable and depends 20-50 m 300-500 m not only on the distance to the source but also on access once you get there . 50-100 m 500-1000 m In situations in which many people are served by a single supply, the time 100-200 m Over 1000 m spent queuing can be significant . This fact was highlighted in a number of interviews by the following statements, which were typical of responses from 200-300 m DK interviewees:

‘My husband brings five water bottles (40 liters each) by car. It’s 2 km Figure 5 .5 Water delivery methods to the water tower and he goes 1-2 times a week. If the queue is not and distances to cover long it takes about 30 minutes, but if there are many people it can take over an hour.’ (Female interviewee, rural North Kazakhstan) As discussed, in this study access to ‘safe’ water is considered to mean having access to an improved water source, including household connections, public standpipes, boreholes, protected wells, and protected spring and rainwater collection capable of providing 20 litres per capita per day at a distance of no more than 100 metres . Water taken from open sources, unprotected wells, and delivered water is not acceptable . Based on this definition, 1,315 of the surveyed households (c . 17 .5%) do not have access to a ‘safe’ water supply . It is doubtful, however, whether even 100 m is an acceptable distance to go for water, particularly during the winter months . The climate of the northern part of Kazakhstan, for example, is strongly continental and is characterised by long, cold winters and short, hot summers . The coldest month is January, at DK which time temperatures average -18°C and can fall to as low as -40 to -45 °C . 2 0-50 m 50-100 m

The winter months also witness a significant number of windy days, with about 100- 2 00 m 2 00- 3 00 m 3 00-500 m Under 2 0 m 500-1000 m Over 1000 m 50% having a wind speed of 4-8 m/s . As a result, snowstorms and ground Other blizzards are recorded on approximately 80 days during the winter period . DK People interviewed in these regions commented at length on the issues and By car noted that while they might not have to go far to reach the nearest standpipe, By horse and cart during the winter standpipes often freeze and they have to go elsewhere in search of water . Moreover, the area around the standpipe is frequently icy By cart and extremely dangerous . This situation is particularly hazardous for the By bicycle elderly--one of the most vulnerable sectors of society . Thus, while provision By foot might technically be classified as safe since it is close by, it clearly is not safe . Furthermore, given that the northern part of the country has the lowest percentage of households connected to a piped water supply, along with the Over 17% of the total fact that the population in these oblasts is (in comparison to the rest of the surveyed population does country) very aged, being obliged to go even 100 m for water during the winter not have access to an months is unacceptable . improved water source within 100 m of their homes. 55 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

5.2.3 The Sustainability of Water Supply Systems in Kazakhstan

For approximately 68% Although physical access to water is crucial, the security of the supply also of households connected needs to be considered; therefore, what is really important is, access to an to a CWSS, the provision uninterrupted water supply . The survey findings demonstrate that people connected to a central water supply system have their cold water cut off of water is frequently regularly . Sixty-eight percent of respondents agreed that this is the case irregular. (Table 5 .) . Residents of Almaty city have fewer cuts (13% of respondents) . In contrast, in Akmola oblast 98% of respondents reported permanent cuts . Even though most respondents did not know the exact duration of the cuts, it was clear from the answers that water cuts are more frequent in the summer than in the winter time . The issue of water supply sustainability was studied in more depth through focus groups and in-depth interviews . There was not a single city in which people did not mention water cuts . Water cuts happen periodically, at a specific time of year . In some settlements, water is supplied at specific hours, usually in the mornings or early evenings .

‘Water supply is frequently interrupted. Water is supplied twice a day from 09:00 to 10:00 and from 19:00 to 20:00.’ (Male interviewee, Aral City)

‘We have a centralized connection (in the settlement) but we have

Table 5.3. the share of respondents connected to a CWSS suffering from frequent irregularities of water supply

% of respondents with Oblast Irregularities No irregularities water supply irregularities City of Astana 164 71 69 .79 City of Almaty 76 484 1 .81 Akmola 170 4 97 .70 Aktobe 126 54 70 .00 Atyrau 181 16 91 .88 East Kazakhstan 400 52 88 .50 Zhambyl 139 73 65 .57 West Kazakhstan 82 9 90 .11 Karaganda 476 73 86 .70 Kostanai 181 27 87 .02 Kyzylorda 142 25 85 .03 Mangystau 101 12 89 .8 Pavlodar 181 26 87 .44 North Kazakhstan 61 16 79 . South Kazakhstan 287 223 56 .7 Almaty* 43 166 20 .57 Kazakhstan 2,810 1,331 67.85

56 Findings of Social Survey on Evaluation of the safe Access of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Drinking Water and Sanitation

water only twice a day for one hour each time. The water does not get higher than the basement, so you might call it a pump!’ (Male interviewee, rural settlement, Atyrau) Low water pressure is also an issue for many people with a piped water supply, and respondents who live on the upper floors of high-rise buildings are more likely to experience supply interruptions . Thus, while c . 67% of people living on the first floor of a building experience cuts in supply, this figure rises to over 90% for people living on the 7th floor or higher .

‘We are living on the 5th floor, and the water pressure is very low. Therefore, we can say that we never have water. Sometimes we turn on the water, wait while it fills the bath drop by drop, and then we wash ourselves one person at a time.’ One-third of the households (Focus group participant, Aktau City) surveyed enjoy an Receiving prior warning about cuts is clearly an issue, as only 20% of the uninterrupted water supply, households surveyed reported that they are routinely informed if their supply whereas over 9.8 million is to be interrupted . In some oblasts, such as Atyrau and Kyzylorda, people people across Kazakhstan received little if any information about their water supply, but others said they suffer from intermittent knew when to expect the cuts, unless there was an emergency . or regular cuts in water ‘Very rarely are we informed’ but as such cuts are ‘usually the result supply. of accidents they do not have an opportunity to warn us in advance.’ (Focus group participant, Aktau City)

‘In the case of an emergency – no (we are not informed). People are informed 7 to 10 days prior to seasonal water supply interruption.’ (Male interviewee, Rudny City). However, in some regions people are often informed . In Almaty City, for example, one interviewee noted that

‘…we are always informed in advance … small notes are placed on our doors.’ (Female interviewee, Almaty City) Interestingly, people living in rural settlements with a CWSS are the most likely to receive information about cuts, while people living in oblast centres are the least likely to be given information . The situation appears to be somewhat different for those not connected to a CWSS . Slightly over 23% of the surveyed population in this category has water supply irregularities . Table 5 .4 covers the situation by oblast . Priishimskoye settlement, Karaganda At the same time, for a large number of people who use common standpipes oblast (some 62%), water supply is an issue . Like people with a CWSS, relatively few respondents in this category could say how often and for how long their water was cut off, but like those with a CWSS, those without seem more certain about cuts in the summer than in the winter months . Relatively few of the households surveyed said that they routinely received notifications that their supply was to be cut . Security of supply is clearly an important issue, and although 55 .1% of the surveyed population has a piped water supply, for a large percentage of these households the supply is often interrupted with little or no warning . Summarizing the figures for the entire population of Kazakhstan, slightly over one-third (some 5,044,200 people) has uninterrupted access to water . Accordingly, 9 .8 million people have no permanent access . Since water cuts may entail greater water pollution, we may also say that the latter population group has no safe access to drinking water .

57 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Table 5.4. the percentage of households that experience cuts in water supply and do not have a piped water supply in their homes, by oblast

% of people with There are Oblast No irregularities water supply Irregularities irregularities City of Astana 20 1 95 .4 Akmola 109 92 54 . Aktobe 32 125 20 .8 Atyrau 1 31  .13 East Kazakhstan 67 211 24 .10 Zhambyl 19 263 6 .74 West Kazakhstan 6 206  .83 Karaganda 37 82 31 .09 Kostanai 47 203 18 .80 Kyzylorda 98 40 71 .01 Mangystau 6 56 9 .68 Pavlodar 66 101 39 .52 North Kazakhstan 15 246 5 .75 South Kazakhstan 70 499 1 .0 Almaty 215 499 30 .11 Kazakhstan 808 2,655  .

58 Findings of Social Survey on Evaluation of the safe Access of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Drinking Water and Sanitation

5.2.4 Opinion of Kazakhstan’s Residents on the Quality of Drinking Water

The quality of the water that people have access to is clearly of paramount More than 40% of importance, not only in terms of the actual quality as measured by its chemical, respondents believe there biological, nutrient, and aesthetic qualities, but also in terms of people’s is a problem with the perception of this water’s quality . Over 40% of respondents asserted that quality of their water. there is a problem with the quality of drinking water . This figure increases for people connected to a CWSS (44%) . Table 5.5. the percentage of respondents who believe that they have problems with water quality, with and without a piped water supply in their homes

Oblast Connected to a CWSS Not connected to a CWSS City of Astana 55 .74 71 .43 Akmola 55 .17 47 .76 Aktobe 25 .00 24 .84 Atyrau 37 .56 84 .8 East Kazakhstan 29 .49 4 .81 Zhambyl 14 .69 27 .66 West Kazakhstan 57 .14 30 .66 Karaganda 65 .57 36 .13 Kostanai 49 .52  .0 Kyzylorda 50 .0 37 .68 Mangystau 69 .90 61 .9 Pavlodar 36 . 34 .73 North Kazakhstan 75 . 51 .4 South Kazakhstan  .99 49 .74 Almaty  .01 44 .70 City of Almaty 36 .08 20 .00

Although a smaller percentage of the surveyed people without a piped water supply in their homes believed that water quality was an issue, it was clear from the findings from the questionnaire survey that water from certain sources was more likely to be perceived as having problems with quality . For example, the vast majority of the small but significant number of people who take their water from open sources such as communal reservoirs, aryks, and springs and lakes were concerned about water quality, as were a large number of people who take their water from individual open wells and wells with sucker rod pumps (Table 5 .5) . The issue of water quality was reviewed in detail during focus-groups and interviews . Respondents expressed strong concern about water quality . In city regions, only people of the cities of Taraz and Shymkent appeared to be satisfied with their water’s quality .

‘Water is normal. We sometimes boil it, but usually it’s good. We may even drink tap water.’ (Focus group participant, City of Taraz)

59 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

‘… We are used to our water and drink raw water easily.’ (Focus group participant, City of Shymkent) At the same time, most urban residents find water unsafe .

‘I think that water is good for washing and cleaning, but we don’t take the risk of using it for drinking.’ (Male respondent, City of Rudniy)

‘Water is unsafe. We boil it.’ (Female respondent, City of Astana)

‘Water is unsafe. It should be treated and boiled. We do not drink tap water, as it is too chlorinated.’ (Female respondent, City of Ust-Kamenogorsk) Notably, respondents from cities not connected to a CWSS evaluate water quality in a more positive way than those connected to a CWSS . To illustrate, respondents from rural areas of West Kazakhstan noted:

‘The water in the water tower is very clean, nearly without additives. It is tasty and transparent. We may drink such water without boiling it.’ (Female respondent, settlement, West Kazakhstan)

‘It is hazardous to drink water from the river without pre-treatment. Water from wells or delivered water should always be treated.’ (Female respondent, settlement, West Kazakhstan)

‘Water quality is the second most important issue in our settlement (after roads). Many people constantly suffer from stomach ache; there are frequent incidents of poisoning. People often get sick with jaundice.’ Figure 5 .6 . Major issues of water (Female respondent, settlement, West Kazakhstan) quality across Kazakhstan (respondents’ views) (number of The main water quality issues highlighted by the survey included coloration respondents = 2,562) of the water, dirty water containing sediment, and water leaving stains on the dishes . Nearly a third of the respondents who had problems with water quality highlighted taste as a problem; 14% of the respondents who considered water quality to be an issue cited the main problem as being the fact that the water is salty . (Figure 5 .6) The issues of water quality vary according to the type of water supply source . A considerable number of respondents with individual water supply sources reported water saltiness . For respondents who use water from open sources, the residue is the issue . The findings of the questionnaire on water quality were reconfirmed during interviews and group discussions . Residents of the city of Uralsk, for instance, stated that water quality in the city is ‘disastrous’ and water is ‘…totally unfit for drinking . It is rusty .’ In the City of Petropavlovsk it was stated that ‘water quality leaves much to be desired . Sometimes water smells bad .’ Moreover, for some respondents there has been a notable decline in water Yellow water quality in recent years . Water with sediments Strange odour ‘…until 12 years ago the water was perfect. Now it is yellow and dirty.’ Bad smell (Male interviewee, Uralsk City) Residue_ on dishes Water too salty ‘The water is salty and hard and contaminated because of the DK Other obsolete water pipeline system.’ (Male interviewee, rural Akmola). 60 Findings of Social Survey on Evaluation of the safe Access of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Drinking Water and Sanitation

It is evident that water quality is an issue for many people, both in rural and urban settlements . While many simply accept the fact that water quality is poor, for some the fact that the government and private sector can invest in new buildings but not improve the water supply is a mystery . As one interviewee in Astana comments:

‘Low water quality is an issue in our city. I would like to believe that the wonderful architecture could be supplemented by good quality drinking water.’ (Male interviewee, Astana City)

Water treatment for drinking In Kazakhstan, 46% of the population treats water prior to drinking . Over 60% Approximately 46% of the of interviewees in the oblasts of Karaganda, West Kazakhstan, Kostanai, and surveyed population treats the city of Astana treat water prior to use . This figure is lower in Aktubinsk, water before drinking it. East Kazakhstan, and South Kazakhstan oblasts (40%) with 24% in Zhambyl oblast . Urban water users treat water more often . For example, in the city of Astana over 65% of residents treat water, while this indicator comes to 46% in towns . Residents of rural settlements treat water less often (39%) . There is a clear difference between those residents who are connected to a CWSS and those who are not . Fifty-three percent of residents connected to a CWSS purify water, and the same is done by 46% of residents without connections . Of people using public reservoirs or rivers and ditches, 82% purify water . People do not purify water from individual wells . Poor water quality and health concerns were the main reasons cited for treating drinking water . By far the most common reason was the fact that the water is opaque; a significant number of people highlighted the fact that they need to treat their drinking water to remove sediment . Approximately 25% of the households that treat their water cite health-related reasons, with issues of taste also being important . Figure 5 .7 Major methods of water treatment (number of Boiling water is the most widespread method of purifying water for drinking, respondents=3,340) and over 80% boil water . Another 12% let water settle, but most do both (Figure 5 .7) A small number of respondents filter their water, with the vast majority of these people being in the higher income bracket . Many people, however, complain that filters do not work for long .

‘… a schungite filter costs 1000 tenge, and it stopped working after three months so we don’t use it.’ (Female interviewee, Rudny City).

‘We buy filters that cost 7000 tenge or more. They stop working quickly so distilling or boiling water is inevitable.’ (Female interviewee, Aksai City).

‘We used to buy the Russian filter ‘Rodnichok’. However, now they are not sold. Therefore, we just pass the water through cotton wool. Boiling Everyone does this.’ Defecation (Focus Group participant, Aktau City). Filtering Other The time spent on boiling water varies from 10 minutes to several hours a day . Atyrau residents boil water the longest — for 62 minutes . Boiling assumes extra time and money .

61 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

‘…We boil water and spend on electrical energy.’ (Female respondent, city of Zheskazgan)

‘My wife boils water. We did not count the related costs but we know that we spend a lot on gas and electricity.’ (Male respondent, City of Astana)

‘We boil water and pay for electrical energy.’ (Female respondent, rural settlement, East Kazakhstan oblast)

Purchase of bottled water Buying bottled water for drinking can be another indicator of whether water quality is an issue, and in the survey as a whole c . 42% of the households purchased bottled water . The majority of respondents (45%) commented that they drink bottled water just like any other non-alcoholic beverage . A significant number of respondents, however, stated issues of water quality and safety, i .e ,. Over 40% of households health safety, as the reason for buying bottled water . This issue was raised by regularly buy bottled water. numerous interviewees, many of whom routinely purchase bottled water .

‘We regularly buy a 20-liter bottle …. to prevent stomach problems and kidney diseases. We pay about 300 tenge a bottle, which is enough for one day.’ (Male interviewee, Aksai City)

‘We never drink water from the tap. We buy huge bottles of water for drinking….Big bottles cost 450 tenge.’ (Focus group participant, Petropavlovsk City)

‘We buy mineral water all the time because it is dangerous to drink tapped water as it is chlorinated.’ (Female interviewee, Ust-Kamenogorsk City) The price issue was mentioned by a number of respondents; some said they could not afford to buy water .

‘We can buy only 1-2 bottles (20L) a week and only for drinking-if we Bulandinsky settlement, Akmola want to drink clean and tasty water. This costs us 600-800 tenge a oblast week.’ (Female respondent, rural settlement, West Kazakhstan) The issue of cost was mentioned by a number of interviewees, with some people commenting that they simply could not afford to buy water .

‘We can afford to buy only 1 to 2 bottles (20 liters) a week, and only to drink it when we want pure and tasty water. It cost us about 600-800 tenge a week.’ (Female interviewee, rural West Kazakhstan). In a number of regions, in particular the city of Atyrau (68%), West Kazakhstan oblast (57%), Karaganda (64%), and Kyzylorda (75%), water quality and sanitary conditions are the primary reasons for buying bottled water . In most cases, (56%) people buy 1 .5 L bottles of water . On average, households buy a bottle per person each week . The price per bottle varies from 25 tenge to 75 tenge; the average price is 50 tenge per bottle . Over a year, people pay some 2,500 tenge per person for bottled water . The survey ascertained that there is a connection between the demand in bottled water and people’s views on the fitness of water for drinking . During

62 Findings of Social Survey on Evaluation of the safe Access of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Drinking Water and Sanitation the questionnaire, respondents were asked to evaluate the water in their region The change of the demand regarding its fitness for drinking, cooking, washing, and personal hygiene . structure in bottled water Slightly over 27% of respondents believe that water in their region is fully may be regarded as the fit to drink . This number varies from 13% in Karaganda oblast to 42% in the indicator of water quality city of Almaty . On the other hand, over 50% of respondents in Karaganda and change. Atyrau oblasts find water in their region partly or fully unfit to drink, and 20% in the city of Atyrau think their water is absolutely unfit . There is a positive correlation (r= 0.618) between the percent share of respondents in each oblast who find water in their region partly or fully unfit to drink, and the percent share of respondents who buy bottled water . This correlation is important at the level of 0 .01 in the application of Pearson’s one-sided correlation . It follows that the purchase of bottled water itself may be considered an indicator of region-wide water quality .

5.2.5 Human Health Issues in Kazakhstan Over 16% of the surveyed Diseases such as gastritis, gastrointestinal disease, and hepatitis are often population indicated related to poor water quality and poor water supply . Thus, the questionnaire that they or their family included a question on whether people had been sick over the past 12 months . members contracted Some 35% answered in the affirmative, and 6% responded that a family member intestinal diseases over had been sick over the past year . The question was worded thus: “Have you or a family member had health problems over the past 12 months? If so, what the past 12 months. was the exact nature of the problem (headache, stomach ache, hepatitis, skin disease, etc .)?” It was discovered that the population of Kazakhstan frequently suffers from headaches . Twenty percent have gastrointestinal problems . A lesser but still considerable number of people contracted hepatitis and skin disease . Other frequent diseases included heart disease, irregular blood pressure, liver desease, acute respiratory disease, etc . (Table 5 .6) Table 5.6. the sickness rate over the past 12 months as specified by respondents

Number of sickness cases over the Description past 12 months Intestinal diseases 1,527 Hepatitis 239 Headaches 2,048 Dermal diseases 580 Other 857

Intestinal diseases Respondents connected It was detected that the rate of intestinal diseases is not dependent on a CWSS to a CWSS stand double connection . At the same time, there is a strong connection between sustainable water supply and sickness rate . For example, 25% of people with frequent the chance of getting sick water cuts have gastrointestinal problems . There are a number of reasons with intestinal diseases for this . First, personal hygiene during water cuts may be on the fall and can compared to those with contribute to the spread of the infections by fecal and oral contamination . irregular water supply. Second, with the irregular operation of the water supply system, water may be contaminated by the contaminated water flowing in the pipeline through broken connections or fractures in water distribution networks . Over the course of the survey, a connection was established between the type of water supply source and the sickness rate . People who use common standpipes suffer less from stomach diseases than people who use individual

63 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Users of public water sources standpipes . A possible reason for this is that individual standpipes are located (wells) suffer from digestive close to cesspools, and the chance of their contamination is greater . One diseases less often than respondent explains as follows: users of individual wells. ‘The floor in cesspools – waste tanks – is not concrete. Waste water and toilet residues easily flow to the water level where water is Users of public water recovered for drinking and all the population’s needs.’ sources (wells) suffer from (Respondent, settlement, East Kazakhstan oblast) hepatitis less often than Moreover, people using open individual reservoirs stand a greater chance users of individual wells. of becoming sick than users of public reservoirs . In addition, there is a high chance for users of water from open sources to become sick . Figure 5 .8 The share of respondents who contracted Hepatitis hepatitis over the past 12 months, by settlement type Nearly 240 people ( .6%) of the surveyed population reported that either they or their family members became sick with hepatitis over the past 12 months . Based on this survey finding alone, it is impossible to ascertain which form of hepatitis these people had, but we can assume that it was hepatitis E, spread by fecal and infectious transfer . The largest rate of hepatitis sickness was detected in Aktubinsk, West Kazakhstan, and Kyzylorda oblasts . The sickness rate in the cities of Almaty and Astana is considerably lower . The hepatitis incidence rate is higher for users of individual standpipes than for users of common standpipes . The major risk arises from people drinking water from open sources (lakes, rivers, and ditches) . A total of 92 hepatitis incidents were reported in urban settlements, irrespective of connection and the sustainability of the water supply . However, as is the case with stomach diseases, people who use water from individual sources contract hepatitis more often than those who use common standpipes . City of national status Oblast centre Those who became sick over the past 12 months were asked what they could Town cite as the cause of their sickness . Forty percent cited poor water quality as the major reason for sicknesses . In Akmola oblast, the corresponding figure Rural settlement amounted to 30% . Poor air and environmental quality were also noted by residents of the city of Almaty, and East Kazakhstan and Aktubinsk oblasts . Figure 5 .9 . Main causes of sickness It is important to note that whereas poor environmental conditions are cited over the past 12 months, as as being disease causing, they do not compel people to move to other areas of stated by respondents (number of residence the way poor water quality does . respondents=2,118) During focus groups and interviews, poor water quality was cited as the major cause of many diseases . In the city of Uralsk, for instance, people complained of problems with their teeth . A respondent from West Kazakhstan oblast noted that poor water quality affects:

‘…human health. It is detrimental to stomach, skin, hair. Many people complain about gum ache.’ (Respondent, rural settlement from West Kazakhstan oblast)

An Ust-Kamenogorsk resident noted that poor water quality leads to:

‘…intestinal upset, hepatitis, thyroid diseases.’ Even in view of these findings, we cannot state unequivocally that water quality Poor water quality is the cause of diseases . Nevertheless, the population of Kazakhstan has seen Poor environment a direct connection between water quality and their health . No water pipe or poor public utilities Poverty Other No answer 64 Findings of Social Survey on Evaluation of the safe Access of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Drinking Water and Sanitation

5.2.6 Willingness and Ability to Connect to Central Water Supply and Pay Service Fees

Willingness to connect to CWSS A considerable number of respondents not connected to a CWSS noted that 77% of households they want to connect (77%) . This figure amounted to 78% for rural residents unconnected to a CWSS (Table 5 .7) . wish to connect . Table 5.7. Percentage of surveyed population not connected to a central water supply system with intention to get in- house connection

% of households Yes No willing to receive water by pipeline City of Astana 17 4 80 .95 City of Almaty 19 11 6 . Oblast centers 147 58 71 .71 Towns 270 109 71 .4 Settlements 1,968 541 78 .44 Total 2,421 723 77.00 The survey evinced the high demand of the rural population for a central water supply . Over 90% of rural respondents in Atyrau and West Kazakhstan oblasts and 80% in Aktubinsk, Zhambyl, Pavlodar, South Kazakhstan, and Almaty oblasts indicated that they would like to get water into their houses by means of a central water pipe . Between the respondents willing to connect to a central water supply, a slight variation appears according to gender (women-- 77 .5%; men--75 .8%) and age context (under and over 65 years) . The share of Figure 5 .10 Amount of money people aged 65 and over willing to connect to a central water supply amounts (in tenge) to be willingly paid by to some 70% . respondents for CWSS connection (number of respondents=1,784) ‘Yes, all settlement residents would like to connect.’ (Respondent, settlement in West Kazakhstan)

‘Certainly, we would like to connect (to a central water supply). We are tired of carrying water.’ (Female respondent, City of Zheskazgan) However, some respondents do not believe that they will ever be connected . A respondent from a North Kazakhstan settlement which was cut off from an in-house pipeline water supply 15 years ago provided the following comment:

‘Certainly we would like to connect to a water supply, but we doubt this possibility.’ (Female respondent, settlement in West Kazakhstan) under 500 tenge Ability to pay for connection 501-1000 Nearly 82% of all respondents willing to connect to an in-house water supply 1001-2000 system affirmed that they could pay for the connection . 2001-5000 5001-10000 The amount that people are willing to pay for connection varies from less than over 10001 tenge 500 tenge to over 10,000 tenge, though most respondents (58%) noted that they could pay slightly over 2,000 tenge . The amount people are willing to DK

65 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

pay differs across the country (Figure 5 .10) . Nearly 40% of respondents in West Kazakhstan oblast, for example, are willing to pay 2,000 tenge or more for connection, while in Akmola oblast most people who are willing to pay for connection cited the sum of 2,000 tenge or less . The main reason for people’s unwillingness to pay for connection is the price (59%) . A considerable part of respondents believed that connection costs should be covered by the state . Obviously, the price is the main issue for many people who cannot afford to pay for such costs .

‘All settlement residents would like to connect, but not all of them agree or could afford to pay for connection. There is a high unemployment rate in the settlement, and over half of residents survive by their subsidiary plots.’ (Female respondent, settlement in East Kazakhstan)

‘We would pay, but not all our neighbors can afford it.’ (Female respondent, City of Zheskazgan)

‘We would like to pay, but we couldn’t. We have low salaries.’ (Respondent, City of Uralsk) Some respondents deem that the cost of the service should be shared, and one respondent from Kostanai noted that the connection cost should be covered:

‘…partly by owners, but mostly by the state.’

‘All residents of the settlement are willling to be connected to CWSS, but not all of them are able to pay for connection. There is a high level of unemployment in the settlement. More than half of the population survive by the means of their garden plot and subsidiary farm.’ (Female respondent, settlement in Eastern Kazakhstan) Water tariff The sum paid by households for tap water Of the 4,121 questionnaire respondents connected to a central water supply, depends on two main only 123 do not pay for water supply services . Of the remaining 3,988 respondents, 33% pay 200 tenge or less for water each month, 21% pay 201- factors: the number of 300 tenge, and another 20% pay 301-500 tenge a month . Nearly 500 of the household members and surveyed households (nearly 11%) pay the amount of 500 tenge a month for the presence or absence of water supply services . water meters. Table 5.8. the sum paid monthly by households with/without water meters Amount paid by With cold Without cold % % households water meter water meter 0 tenge 1 4 .55 21 95 .45 1-100 tenge 318 74 .47 109 25 .53 101-200 tenge 414 4 .81 553 57 .19 201-300 tenge 267  .54 529 66 .46 301-400 tenge 162 30 .62 367 69 .8 401-500 tenge 121 4 .7 158 56 .63 Over 501 tenge 135 29 .80 318 70 .0 DK 220 38 .73 348 61 .7

66 Findings of Social Survey on Evaluation of the safe Access of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Drinking Water and Sanitation

The sum paid by households for tap water depends on two main factors: the Figure 5 .11 Monthly tariff paid by number of household members and the presence or absence of water meters . residents, subject to water supply type In view of the presence or absence of water meters, it is obvious that households with water meters pay considerably less for water than households without water meters (Table 5 .8) . To illustrate, 75% of households with meters pay 100 tenge or less for water, and slightly less than 30% pay over 500 tenge a month . Clearly, the size of the household, monthly water fee, and the meter all demonstrate that small households (of 4 members or less) with meters pay less than same-sized households without meters . In the case of larger households, this correlation is not very clear: it is noted that larger households with meters pay more for water than same-sized households without meters . Slightly over 38% of households not connected to a CWSS pay for water supply services . The survey findings demonstrated that households dependant on central water supply services are likely to pay for water, and they include a considerable part (nearly 64%) of respondents who receive water from common standpipes, for which they pay . Nearly 60% of households that use delivered water also pay for it . A considerably lower number of people that use water from individual sources pay for water . The sum that households were able to pay differs significantly . On average, households pay 200 tenge or less each month for water supply services . However, people that use delivered water pay more for water (Figure 5 .11) . In addition to the water fee, some people bear related costs . As shown, a considerable part of people boil water for drinking, and pay for the coal or gas used to fulfill this goal . Though it is impossible to count the real cost of water boiling, the questionnaire survey shows that electricity costs are the largest for 50 аз

many families . In the city of Almaty, households without gas meters pay some 2 1-100 101-150 151- 2 00 2 01- 50 2 51- 3 00 3 01- 50 3 51-400 401-500 5001 көп

180 tenge per person for gas . With the average size of a household consisting Білмйемін of three people and the assumption that 25% of this cost goes into boiling Other water, this adds some 1,600 tenge to annual water pay . Delivered water An even more expensive option resorted to by many households is the purchase Ditch, irrigation channel of drinking water . Spring, river, lake Public water reservoir Willingness to pay for improved quality of water Individual water reservoir supply services Public open well Public well with electric pump As in the questionnaire survey, participants of focus groups and in-depth Public well with sucker-rod pump interviews were asked whether they would pay extra for improved water supply Individual open well services . Slightly over 43% of questionnaire respondents answered that they Individual well with electric pump would be able to do so . The percentage of respondents that expressed their Individual well with sucker-rod pump willingness was lower in Astana and Almaty, and greater in Akmola oblast . It Common stand-pipe is not surprising that residents of two major cities are less prone to pay more . Residents of Astana now pay more for water than in most parts of the country . Individual stand-pipe In Almaty, the security of the water supply is rather good, and it is unlikely that Water pipe connected to the house respondents would think that they should pay for any improvements to it . Though many respondents (19%) who expressed their wish to pay for an improved water supply failed to answer the amount they could pay, 81% did provide an answer . Most of them cited the sum of 200 tenge or less per household per month, though a considerable part (34%) of respondents indicated that they could pay 300 tenge or more for supplied water delivery in the quantity demanded (Figure 5 .12) . The main reasons for any unwillingness to pay for system improvements are additional costs and the availability of a sustainable water supply . However, a considerable part (15 .5%) believe that the state should cover the cost of the services, and another 1 .7% stated its lack of trust in the central water supply or secured water supply .

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Figure 5 .12 Amount (in Table 5.9. the percentage of respondents in each oblast willing to tenge) that the population of pay more for water supply in the quality demanded Kazakhstan is willing to pay for permanent water access (number Oblast % of respondents =3,341) City of Astana 24 .61 City of Almaty 29 .83 Akmola  .78 Aktubinsk 60 .4 Atyrau 44 .10 East Kazakhstan 38 . Zhambyl 57 .89 West Kazakhstan 51 .82 Karaganda 4 . Kostanai 34 .93 under 100 101-200 Kyzylorda 55 .41 201-300 Mangistau 50 .86 301-400 over 401 Pavlodar 38 .4 DK North Kazakhstan 51 .48 South Kazakhstan 38 .00 Almaty 47 .95 Kazakhstan 4 .63

Table 5.10. Reasons for unwillingness to pay more for a secure water supply

Reasons for unwillingness to pay more for permanent % water supply The state should pay 15 .52 I would like to pay more but cannot afford it 24 .86 There are more important things to spend money on 8 .59 I have no faith in the reliability of the central WSS 1 .70 CWSS reliability does not concern me 24 .69 Water quality is more important  .6 Other  .62 No answer 8 .65

68 Findings of Social Survey on Evaluation of the safe Access of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Drinking Water and Sanitation

Willingness to pay more for improved water quality The willingness to pay for improved water quality was also considered within the 45% of respondents noted questionnaire and interviews . Overall in the country, over 45% of respondents their intention to pay more expressed their willingness to pay for improved water quality . As regards a for improved water quality. secure water supply, this figure was higher among respondents not connected to a central water supply . Respondents from Aktubinsk oblast are prone to pay more than respondents from Astana, Almaty, and Kostanai (Table 5 .11) . Of the people not connected to a central water supply, the figure significantly differed, and slightly over 71% of respondents in this category from Taraz expressed their willingness to pay; the corresponding figure in Atyrau came to 13% .

As with a secure water supply, a large percent of respondents (27%) who Table 5.11. The percentage expressed willingness to pay for improved water quality could not cite which of respondents in each sum they would be willing to pay . For 50% of respondents, nevertheless, the oblast willing to pay more for affordable price was 300 tenge or less, and another 23% of respondents improved water quality mentioned the sum of 300 tenge or more . Therefore, respondents are inclined to pay slightly more for improved quality than for a secured water supply . Oblast % A considerable number of respondents cited the main reason for their City of Astana 30 .47 unwillingness to pay for improved water quality as being their inability to City of Almaty  .54 evaluate whether the water quality would actually be improved . This concern was expressed by a number of interviewees . Akmola 41 . Aktubinsk 64 .69 ‘I would agree to pay, but as always, I’m afraid. The company may raise the fee but the quality would remain the same or worse and it Atyrau 57 .64 would not justify the company’s actions.’ East Kazakhstan 45 .1 (Male respondent, City of Aksai) Zhambyl 5 4. 3 ‘I simply don’t believe that the water supply can be improved.’ West Kazakhstan 5 15. (Female respondent, settlement in North Kazakhstan) Karaganda 50 .90 Some people are not only unwilling to pay, but they think that they pay enough for water already . Kostanai 27 .07 Kyzylorda 50 .82 ‘We would like to improve water quality but we don’t want to pay extra money… We already pay for the operation of the water department Mangistau 41 .71 and for unused water and untreated water flows. Who would give us a Pavlodar 4 51. breakdown of the fee?’ (Male respondent, City of Rudniy) North Kazakhstan 5 85. Therefore, most people pay directly or indirectly for water supply services . South Kazakhstan 39 .9 Though it is hard to provide the exact sum paid by individuals, the amount Almaty 5 4. 2 is relatively high . Annually, household payment amounting to 10,000 tenge seems to be the norm . Coupled with indirect costs, this figure is higher in many Republic of 45 .6 households . Despite this, people have a strong desire to pay for water and, in Kazakhstan particular, for improved water supply and water quality . However, people have no idea how much this service should cost . Individuals unwilling to pay see no problem with water supply, cannot afford extra costs, or believe that the state should cover such costs . All this should be taken into account when developing a comprehensive strategy . It is also important to note that the country’s water users have regular information on the net costs of water supply services as well as the measures taken to improve the system . Moreover, people should realize that if they do not pay for water directly, they pay for it indirectly anyway .

69 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

5.2.7 Sanitary Conditions in Kazakhstan

Table 5.12. the share of respondents in each oblast connected to a CSS

Oblast Connected % of connections Not connected City of Astana 228 89 .06 28 City of Almaty 482 81 .69 108 Akmola 150 39 .89 226 Aktubinsk 178 5 .82 159 Atyrau 116 50 .66 113 East Kazakhstan 373 51 .10 357 Zhambyl 121 24 .49 373 West Kazakhstan 90 29 .70 213 Karaganda 503 75 .0 165 Kostanai 193 4 .14 265 Kyzylorda 83 27 .1 222 Mangistau 111 6 .43 64 Pavlodar 173 46 .6 201 North Kazakhstan 71 21 .01 267 South Kazakhstan 159 14 .74 920 Almaty 104 1 .95 699

Table 5.13. The percentage of respondents from various types of settlements connected to a CSS

City of Rural Oblast Oblast national Town (%) settlement center (%) status (%) (%) City of Astana 89 City of Almaty 82 Akmola 81 74 7 Aktubinsk 97 74 5 Atyrau 84 87 5 East Kazakhstan 90 70 12 Zhambyl 54 57 0 West Kazakhstan 67 70 1 Karaganda 96 82 4 Kostanai 71 81 2 Kyzylorda 65 2 0 Mangistau 98 57 7 Pavlodar 74 66 1 North Kazakhstan 70 0 0 South Kazakhstan 61 0 0

70 Findings of Social Survey on Evaluation of the safe Access of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Drinking Water and Sanitation

The second important goal of the questionnaire was the data on the sanitation level in Kazakhstan . The survey findings demonstrate that 42% of respondents are connected to a central sewage system (CSS) . As with water supply, the level of sewage connection differs by oblast . In the major cities of Kazakhstan– Almaty and Astana--the sewage connection level is high . In other oblasts, the sewage connection level is below 30%; in South Kazakhstan oblast this level Figure 5 .13 Available lavatory is below 15% (Table 5 .12) types among the population of Kazakhstan Respondents without sewage systems were asked if they wished to connect . Over 46% answered in the affirmative . Ninety percent of the population not connected to a CSS answered in the affirmative in North Kazakhstan oblast and 16% in South Kazakhstan oblast . Respondents not wishing to connect to a CWSS basically cited lack of demand as the reason . For some respondents, there was the issue of payment, especially for residents of Aktobe, East Kazakhstan, and Pavlodar . In some oblasts, the main reason was the fact that the region has no sewage networks and it is impossible to connect . Most interviewees (81%) wishing to connect to a CWSS stated their willingness to pay even partly for the connection . The amount they were prepared to pay was 100 tenge .

Lavatory type Modern lavatory connected to sewage and a CWSS Currently, the most common type of toilet is a cesspool: 58% of respondents Lavatory connected to a CWSS but use such toilets; another 40% have toilets connected to a CWSS . not to sewage A greater number of toilets connected to a CWSS and sewage are available to Cesspool the populations of cities of national status . To illustrate, 90% of respondents Lavatory connected neither to a from the cities of Almaty and Astana have such toilets . In oblast centres, this CWSS nor to sewage figure amounts to 75%, and in towns to 60% . For comparison, only 3% of Other interviewed residents of rural settlements have access to toilets with waste tanks connected to sewage . Even though a large number of people have modern toilets, 82% of them suffer from irregular water supply, at which time their toilets dysfunction . Respondents said that they always take in water, but when water disconnections last, hygienic and sanitary conditions deteriorate, Figure 5 .14 Lavatory type subject to thus increasing the risk of diseases . settlement type across Kazakhstan During the survey, it was discovered that 150 respondents (2%) share toilets with several families . Twenty-eight respondents stated that they have no toilet at all or use public toilets . The situation looks very pessimistic here .

‘The toilet in the yard is disastrous. It is used by 12 families… The toilet has no doors, and it is always overfilled. It was cleaned only once.’ (Male respondent, City of Uralsk)

‘We share a toilet with 8 families (24 people). It is a nightmare.’ (Female respondent, City of Pavlodar) Those with individual toilets would basically like to improve sanitary conditions . This is a topical issue for the northern region of Kazakhstan, where people mostly have outside cesspools . For many of these people, toilet use in the winter is difficult . Rural center Oblast ‘We would like to have an in-house toilet. We live in the 21st century Capital settlement but we do not have a sense of civilization.’ Other Small town (Female respondent, rural settlement of Akmola oblast) Pit latrine Toilet, connected to CWS, but not ‘We would like to have an in-house toilet. It is very convenient to have connected to sewage an in-house toilet, especially in the winter time… A warm toilet is Modern toilet, connected to sewage important for a woman in the winter, as there is every possibility of system 71 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

getting chilled. Children also suffer; they are afraid to go to the toilet at night.’ (Female respondent, settlement of North Kazakhstan oblast)

Bath/shower Out of the entire sampling, 1,250 people have no shower or bath . They mainly use conveniences at neighbors’ or relatives’ places or boil water in order to Figure 5 .15 How water users wash at home . A large percent use public baths, and some out of this number can be involved in water pay 50 to 100 tenge to do so . management issues (number of respondents=4,289) 5.2.8 Public Participation in Water Resource Management One section of a questionnaire asked respondents if they think that the public should have a share in water management issues . Overall, 68% agreed with the need to involve the public in the management process . This indicator came to 50% in South Kazakhstan oblast and 88% in Aktubinsk oblast . Responses did not differ by settlement type or respondent age, although it was expected by the authors that young people would be more actively involved than elderly people .

Table 5.14 the percentage of respondents in each oblast with the view that the public should influence the management of water resources

Letters should be sent to authorities Oblast % Thematic sessions should be City of Astana 74 . organized Officially authorized committees Akmola 6 .83 should be appealed to Aktubinsk 87 .83 Other Atyrau 79 .91 No answer East Kazakhstan 77 .6 Zhambyl 80 .77 West Kazakhstan 77 .89 Figure 5 .16 Main causes for Karaganda 78 .44 public inactivity in water Kostanai 6 . management issues (number of respondents=1,833) Kyzylorda 66 . Mangistau 69 .14 Pavlodar 75 .13 North Kazakhstan 66 .7 South Kazakhstan 50 .42 Almaty 58 .8 City of Almaty 54 .41 Kazakhstan 67 .57

Respondents outlined a number of possibilities for the public to participate in the management process . The most common were the submission of letters to Water users are not specialists the government, the conduction of thematic meetings, and the participation of Water users are not concerned representatives in official committees . (Figure 5 .15) Government will not pay attention Respondents who believe that public participation is not needed in the Other management process explained that the government would take notie of the No answer water users’ interests . 72 Findings of Social Survey on Evaluation of the safe Access of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Drinking Water and Sanitation

5.3. An Estimation of Safe Access to Approximately 27% of the population or 4.45 million Drinking Water people across Kazakhstan have access to drinking After an analysis of the data, a general figure indicating the number of people water. without access to a safe, sustainable, and quality water supply system was obtained for Kazakhstan . The share of the population connected to a central water supply Figure 5 .17 Evaluation of system. The survey demonstrated that 55% or 4,142 respondents obtain permanent access to potable water water at home by central water pipe . Of these, 1,331 people (17%) have water by households connected to a 24 hours a day, i .e ., sustainable water access . Of the surveyed population, 12% central water supply system or 963 respondents have sustainable water access and they think the water is of good quality . In summary, in Kazakhstan, some 1 .9 million people connected to a central water supply system have permanent access to quality drinking water (Figure 5 .17) . Table 5 .15 shows the situation in the oblast context . The population that uses water from unprotected open sources such as public reservoirs, rivers, springs, lakes, or ditches, as well as delivered water may only be considered to have no access to drinking water . Therefore, of the 6 .7 million people not connected to a CWSS, 1 .58 million have no access to safe water . Of the 1 .68 million that consume water from common standpipes, 62% have periodical water cuts and consequently cannot be considered to have sustainable access to water . Coupling this fact with the water quality issues, the share of the population without sustainable access to quality drinking water increases from 62% to 70%, thus adding another 1 .12 million people to the total number . day) Of the 440,000 people that use water from public sources, 59% (300,000) Households water quality reported problems with sustainable water supply and water quality . connected to supply ( 2 4 hrs a views on potable Sustainable water

Of the nearly 3 million people that use individual water supply sources Sustainable water supply and positive (standpipes and wells), some 50% indicated that their water is of poor quality . central water supply It follows that another 1 .5 million people have no access to drinking water . Moreover, this figure may be understated, as it is likely that underground Figure 5 .18 Evaluation of waters are contaminated, especially when cesspools are located close to sustainable access to potable standpipes or wells . Therefore, it is likely that an individual source should not water of households not connected be considered an access to drinking water . to a central water supply system Consequently, nearly 4 .5 million people of 6 .7 million people not connected to a CWSS have no sustainable access to drinking water (Figure 5 .18) . In Kazakhstan, 4 .02 million people (1 .9+ 1. 2) or 27% of the country’s population has sustainable access to drinking water . sources (public wells) central water supply 100 m (private wells) and water supply stability and water supply stability Use water from protected (and other public sources) Positive evaluation of water Positive evaluation of quality quality and distance of under Positive evaluation of quality Households not connected to 73 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Table 5.15. The share of the population in each oblast (connected to a central water supply system) with sustainable access to high-quality drinking water

Oblast Number of Population with access water, people Population of Total number of Kazakhstan with respondents with % of respondents (thousand people) to quality drinking sustainable access interviewees, people sustainable access to (thousands of people) quality drinking water

City of Astana 35 256 1 .67 50 00. 68,633 City of Almaty 357 590 60 .51 1,147 .5 694,335 Akmola 0 376 0 .00 748 . 0 .000 Aktubinsk 47 337 1 .95 668 . 93,205 Atyrau 15 229 6 .55 45 00. 29,607 East Kazakhstan 46 730 6 .0 1,466 .00 92,378 Zhambyl 72 494 14 .57 979 .5 142,761 West Kazakhstan 8 303  .64 601 .9 15,892 Karaganda 25 668  .74 1, .6 49,910 Kostanai 20 458 4 .7 919 .1 40,135 Kyzylorda 20 305 6 .56 60 8. 39,593 Mangistau 6 175  .43 338 .5 11,606 Pavlodar 22 374 5 .88 748 .7 44,041 North Kazakhstan 8 338  .7 68 1. 16,144 South Kazakhstan 152 1,079 14 .09 2,110 .8 297,351 Almaty 130 803 16 .19 1,560 .5 252,634 Republic of Kazakhstan 963 7,515 1 .81 14,86 .00 1,904,472

74 An analysis of the current conditions of water and sewage facilities in cities of national status, oblast centers, cities and towns, and urban-type settlements enable the major conclusions presented below.

6conclusion and Recommendations 6.1. urban Water Supply 6.1.1 Conclusion An analysis of the current conditions of water and sewage facilities in cities of national status, oblast centers, cities and towns, and urban-type settlements enable the major conclusions presented below . ∆ Vodocanals have a high degree of consumption of fixed capital. Inadequate investments in Despite the activities underway on rehabilitation and development of water and sewage facilities water supply and water discharge systems, the conditions of systems in make it impractical to most settlements remain critical . duly plan the activities on ∆ Inadequate investments in water and sewage facilities. All sectors improvement of settlement developed their own programs within the development of the sectoral water supply. program Drinking Waters . Accordingly, all program activities carried out were compiled along with the programs produced by regional and city administrations . However, the lack of qualified specialists in water supply and water discharge in the structure of settlement, regional, and oblast administrations disallowed a full identification of the list of necessary work, along with the scale and prioritization of activities for the improvement of water supply to the settlement . The programs that were developed fail to fully reflect the critical situation and the measures required to improve the population’s access level to drinking water 24 hours a day . The funds planned for the implementation of activities on the rehabilitation and reconstruction of urban water supply are not fully allocated by local budgets . Hence, the socio-economic situation in the country at the time of the creation of the programs, the lack of feasibility studies (FS) with water departments of the reconstruction and development of urban water supply, and the lack of developed investment projects predetermined the subjectivity and underestimation of planned investments . An accurate evaluation of the necessary financing for rehabilitation, as well as reconstruction of old and construction of new water supply systems is nearly impractical without FSs, as chances are that the calculation error would be high . The inadequacy of tariffs for water supply and water discharge services and enterprises’ costs caused a financial deficit despite the 100% collection rate of service fees . ∆ Vodocanals undergo serious financial crisis. The financing issues come down to deficient or absent public subsidies or subsidies to water departments over the past 15 years . The dependence on public subsidies was caused by incompliance with tariff policy, under which tariffs should not only be self-supporting, but they should generate the specific profit needed to develop water and sewage facilities (WSF) . 75 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The inadequacy of tariffs ∆ The operations of water providers are administered without serious for water supply and water centralized coordination. Local administrations, having deficient discharge services and professional and technical knowledge of water department activities, as enterprises’ costs caused well as neither the advanced technologies of water and sewage facilities nor the foreign experience of water supply and water discharge operation, are a financial deficit despite unable to pursue the policy in this area . At the same time, water departments the 100% collection rate of have no regulating national body authorized by the state . There is no one in service fees. charge either of the development of water and sewage sector strategy or of the sector’s overall coordination and regulation . Currently, the operation of water departments is distorted and decentralized . ∆ The activities of the sectoral program Drinking Waters, oblast programs Taza Su, Clean Water, and others fail to sufficiently facilitate the improvement of the rural water supply. The primary issue is the lack of due control by local administrations . The accounting system based on what has been explored, the low quality of work, incompletion of projects for construction and reconstruction of water supply systems, use of obsolete technologies and materials, and some other reasons prevent the Poor accounting and attainment both of the goals set and expected oUTSomes . control systems entails ∆ Insufficient autonomy restricts efficient water department poor quality of works. management. Utilities are often considered an extension of the local political machine, but not because of the efficiency of their operation . Though water departments are in charge of the operation of water supply and water discharge systems, the decisions on a director’s appointment, subsidy allocation, investment recourse, reconstruction and development of the systems, and the inclusion of specific activities into the program of water supply improvement are made by local authorities . Moreover, pricing issues are tacitly regulated; that is, without the Akim’s approval, the Water Department would never file a request for a tariff increase .

6.1.2 recommendations To attain the financial sustainability of water departments, alternative financing should be provided . One option is to increase the subsidies of water departments from the state (national and local) budgets . Additional funds may also be obtained by grants and soft loans . ∆ There is a need to change the approach for achieving MDGs in the RK. Attention should not only be paid to settlements and cities currently without water supply sources or central water supply systems, but also to The water supply systems facilities with 50% -70% deterioration of existing networks . with 50%-70% deterioration should be prioritized. Should urgent measures on rehabilitation and reconstruction of water supply networks not be implemented by 2015, the number of the population with safe access to drinking water and sanitation will fall rather than rise . ∆ Institutional reforms. To increase the level of sectoral and regional programs’ performance in the field of drinking water supply, there is a need to improve institutional reforms in the following areas: - public control: conduction of state policy through the nationally authorized body on water supply and water discharge to be stipulated by the Water Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan; - adoption of a sectoral specialized law on Water Supply and Water Discharge to regulate relations between Consumer and Service Providers; - development and adoption of the Concept (Strategy) of the development of the water and sewage sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan, endorsed by the government . ∆ When making investment projects in water supply and water 76 conclusion and Recommendations

discharge systems, there is a need for feasibility studies; hence, the national budget shall cover the costs of such development.

6.2. rural Water Supply 6.2.1 Conclusion

The analysis of contemporary water supply confirms that an extremely low level of the rural population has access to drinking water: ∆ The central water supply by most clustered water supply systems is not secured because of the improper technical conditions of the trunk lines and intra-settlement distribution networks. The high operating costs of long-distance water transportation increase the cost of supplied water . To ensure the collection of water payments, water is provided at supply points . This procedure has been introduced in all clustered water supply systems in North Kazakhstan oblast . ∆ The technical conditions of most local water pipelines are unacceptable. Most of them operate with frequent failures or water supply granted on an hourly basis . ∆ The existing system of water supply for 64% of the rural population is based on decentralized local sources. At the same time, drinking needs are satisfied by the use of in-yard and common wells, delivered water, and the surface water of rivers, lakes, and small channels . ∆ As a rule, wells are installed near septic facilities, cesspools, and places frequented by cattle. Wells conceal the great danger of bacterial water contamination and as a consequence, the outbreak of infections related to the aquatic transfer factor . The latter may be attributed to surface sources . ∆ Perched waters that feed wells with limited resources contribute to the issue of secure drinking water supply in sufficient quantity. The price of delivered water is comparable to tap water, or it is sometimes higher, but the costs of its use are regulated by an extremely low water consumption rate (10-15 l/day per person) . ∆ The lack of fresh water determines the use of mineralized water, which is harder and contains fluorine, iron, and other components at a level high enough to adversely affect human health. ∆ Due to poor water coverage, the level of sanitation and hygienic conditions in most settlements is low as well.

6.2.2 recommendations

∆ The solution to the issues of improved water supply and increasing the population’s access to drinking water should take into account local, natural, and existing economic conditions, the availability and technical conditions of existing systems, and water supply facilities . ∆ Water consumption rates should be based on flexible criteria of water use in view of the new socio-economic conditions . ∆ Delivered water should be eliminated as a water supply source to settlements, as it fails to ensure the required water consumption rates, it incapacitates the watering of subsidiary plots or the feeding of cattle, and causes poor sanitary conditions for settlements and their populations . As a result, settlement residents find themselves in extremely tough socio-economic conditions . 77 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

∆ An increase in the share of safe access to drinking water should be attained over the long-term in the following areas: further rehabilitation and improvement of existing systems; construction of new systems in the regions the least provided for; exploration of new and development of alternative water supply sources; improvement of the quality of potable water and its efficient use; establishment as well as material and technical furnishing of companies for the operation of drinking water supply systems .

6.3. Social Survey

6.3.1 Conclusion

∆ Unsustainable water supply and scheduled water supply are the key issues for urban and rural residents of Kazakhstan. While 55% of Kazakhstan’s population uses water from a central supply system, only 17% have water 24 hours a day . An unsustainable water supply entails water contamination, deteriorates sanitary and hygienic conditions, and increases the population’s sickness rate . To illustrate, the chance of contracting intestinal disease doubles for people in households that have regular water cuts, as compared to those who have water 24 hours a day . ∆ A change of demand for bottled water can be considered an indicator either of the deterioration or improvement of water quality in Kazakhstan. The following connection is established: the more repondents’ opinion of the quality of drinking water is negative, the more bottled water they use for drinking . ∆ The distance to a water supply source is not a determining indicator of safe access to drinking water. The survey findings demonstrated that people with private in-yard standpipes had the highest chance of contracting intestinal diseases or hepatitis . In contrast, users of common standpipes have less chance of contracting infectious diseases; in addition, they treat water prior to drinking it more often . Furthermore, the safety of access to drinking water is defined by many other factors, such as climatic conditions, the age of the population, income, sanitary conditions, etc . ∆ Sanitary and hygienic conditions are closely related to the quality of the water supply and the population’s health. Owners of individual standpipes often have unequipped toilets (cesspools, toilets with open pits, etc .) near wells, standpipes, and other individual sources of water supply . As a consequence, the danger of bacterial water contamination is high . ∆ The access level to drinking water affects the economic wellbeing of the population (especially the rural population). Since the subsidiary plot takes a large share of the rural population’s income, the uninterrupted operation of the water supply system is a determinant of their employment and means for living .

6.3.2 Recommendations

∆ There is a need to provide water users with a centralized informational program on water treatment methods, water quality in specific settlements, the connection between sanitary conditions, water quality, and human health, safe methods of household waste and the utilization of waste products, and also on effective and planned government programs regarding the country’s water supply . ∆ The priorities of the Strategy’s development shall be the issues of sanitation, regular water supply, and water quality and its effect on human health . These are needed as the economic and social consequences of intestinal and other water-related diseases may be huge and irreversible . 78 Footnotes i UN Development Goals on the Threshold of the Millennium in Kazakhstan . UNDP . 200 . ii Government Decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 23 March 2002 №93 “On the Sectoral Program ‘Drinking Waters’ for 2002-2010” . iii Kazakhstan – 2030 . The address of the president to the people of Kazakhstan, 1997 . iv Government Regulation of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 21 .01 .002 №71 “On the Development Concept of the Economic Water Sector and Water Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan by 2010” . v Presidential Decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 23 17 .05 .003 №1096 “On State Strategy of Industrial and Innovation Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2003-2015” . vi Water Code of the RK of 09 .07 .003 №481 . vii Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN)  .1 .4 .559-96 “Drinking Water, Hygienic Requirements for the Water Quality of Central Drinking Water Supply Systems . Quality Control .” viii Construction Rules and Norms of the RK (SNiP RK) 4 .01-02-2001 “Water Supply . Public Utilities .” ix Access to safe drinking water is assessed by the share of the population that uses improved water supply sources . Similarly, access to sanitation sewage technologies is assessed by the percent rate of the population that uses improved sewage services . The phrase ‘Improved sewage technologies’ often denotes the technologies that ensure frequent isolation and use of hygienic means . The phrase ‘Improved technologies of drinking water supply’ denotes the ways to supply safe drinking water, which cannot be attained with unimproved technologies . x The term ‘improved’ is based on the following definitions provided by process methods: • Improved water supply: household connections; public well, drilled well, protected well, protected spring, rain water collection; • Improved sewage: connection to public sewage, connection to septic system, lavatory with flushing system, cesspool, ventilated lavatory; • Unimproved water supply technology: unprotected well, unprotected spring, water delivered by supplier, bottled water, water transported in cisterns; • Unimproved sewage: service lavatory or a latrine, public lavatories, lavatories with open pit . Note. In Kazakhstan, the collection of rain (and ice) water has never been regarded and should not be regarded as improved water supply. xi The Report on Balkhash-Alakol Research Stage can be found on www .voda .kz xii The exhaustive questionnaire was created within the DfiD project on the management of the Nura-Ishim river basin . The questionnaire consisted of 8 modules focused on municipal, production, and agricultural water consumption . This questionnaire was also developed after the depth surveys and a series of interviews and focus groups were held with concerned parties from both river basins . Each module aimed at the study of specific aspects of water use in Kazakhstan and was developed in such a way as to enable CWR to have the prepared questionnaires as the basis for future surveys . The questionnaire was tested on two basins in March 200 . For that survey, we modified four modules on drinking water, water for household use, sanitation, and informational sources . A copy of the questionnaire may be found in the Report on the management of the Nura-Ishim river basin . The Final Report, volume 5, Social Surveys on Water Resource Management by DfiD, CWR . January 2004 . xiii Despite the fact that the total number of respondents amounted to 7,515, some information inevitably got lost in the data-processing stage . As a consequence, not all final figures would equal 7,515 . xiv There is no data on household connections in rural settlements of Almaty oblast . xv In some households, more than one resident got sick over this year . As a consequence, despite the fact that a total of 1,527 people suffered from intestinal diseases over the past 12 months, the number of households that reported such cases amounted to 1,21 . xvi This fact was confirmed by statistical values by applying the Chi-Square test .

79 Reference literature

1 . Sectoral Program Potable Waters for 2002-2010 endorsed by the Government Decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 23 March 2002 No . 9 .  . State Rural Development Program of the Republic of Kazakhstan endorsed by the Presidential Decree of 10 July 2003 No .1149 .  . Water Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 12 June 2001 . 4 . The Government Decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 23 January 2004 No . 75 “On Endorsement of the Rules of Attribution of a Water Object to Potable Water Supply Sources .” 5 . The Government Decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 23 January 2004 No .76 “On Endorsement of the Rules of Subsidizing Potable Water Supply from Critical Clustered Water Supply Systems which Are Non-Alternative State-Owned Water Supply Sources .” 6 . The Government Decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 13 December 2003 “On Endorsement of the List of Critical Clustered Water Supply Systems which Are Non-Alternative Water Supply Sources .” 7 . The 2004 collection of Regions of Kazakhstan . Agency for Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan . 8 . Water Resources of Kazakhstan in the New Millennium . UNDP in Kazakhstan publications series . 9 . Papers of the round table dedicated to the issue of the Progress of Implementation of the First Stage of the Potable Waters Sectoral Program held on 19 April 2005 in the Parliament Mazhilis of the Republic of Kazakhstan . 10 . Speech of the president of Kazakhstan N . Nazarbaev at the opening session of the Second Civil Forum in the city of Astana on 12 September 2005 . 11 . Papers of the seminars held by a group of UNDP projects within the project of the National Plan of Integrated Water Resource Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan . 1 . Rural development in Kazakhstan: issues and prospects . UNDP National Human Development Report . The Atlas of Rural Development in Kazakhstan, Almaty 200 . 1 . CWR working papers: inquiry to the government on the progress of the Program’s implementation, annual reports of oblast public water management enterprises, and other documents related to the Drinking Waters Program .

80 ANNEX I

Access of Urban Population to Water and Sanitation in Kazakhstan; Results of Technical Survey UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan

Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Sewers (km) Sewers Length of of Length 2 50 . 0 518 . 0 76  . 8 748 . 9 2 59 . 4 3 61 . 418 . 7 3 4  . 0 95  . 5 3 01 . 6 584 . 8 846 . 0 2 45 . 0 1,  . 0 1,141 . 2 ,174 . 11,1  . 5 3 6 . 9 19 . 75 2 44,900 / 3 ,146,7 23 / outdoor toilet 3 6,4 0 / 1  . 6 56, 3 54 / 2 1 . 7 67,165 / 14 . 0 85,0 2 9 / 3 6 . 4 1 3 0,187 / 2 5 . 17 3 ,5 2 1 / 50 . 0 2 98,7 7 / 6  . 5 5 2 7,40 3 / 64 . 9 2 54,0 1 / 69 . 9 3 19,959 / 7 . 4 2 78,589 / 64 . 7 1 3 9,6 7 / 2 8 . 1 3 9,9 7 / 5  . 8 14 3 , 2 01 / 8 . 2 50,645 /  . 7 septic pit 3 ,99 / 1 3 , 2 00 / 0 . 7 3 , 84 / 1 . 0 3 ,79 / 1 . 4 8,670 /  . 8,488 /  . 0 3 ,746 / 1 . 5 1,409 / 0 . 2 ,567 / 1 . 14,67 3 / 4 . 0 16, 2 94 /  . 0 14,89 2 / 1 . 7 2 0,57 / 4 . 3 7, 87 /  . 4 3 84, 88 / 74 . 7 Type of Sewerage System (ps . /%) 80 . 5 system 995,100 / centralized 5, 3 7 ,499 / 6  . 1 of people 160,97 2 / 46 . 0 168, 3 9 2 / 5 . 8 2 74, 3 7 /  . 1 105,81 3 / 2 9 . 1 22 8, 3 96 / 85 . 0 5 2 1,94 3 / 60 . 9 195,550 / 75 . 0 14 3 ,085 /  . 33 4,515 / 67 . 6 22 6,97 3 / 60 . 7 116, 3 59 / 44 . 7 410,776 / 85 . 7 146, 3 04 / 6  . 5 817,49 3 / 7  . 9 has access to sewerage system sewerage to access has 0 . 1 0 . 04 other 1,4 23 / 3 ,810 / 791 / 0 . 640 / 0 . 1 3 80 / 0 . 1 576 / 0 . 1 . 44 1  . water 3 5,715 / delivered 700 / 0 . 1 1 22 ,548 / 7,000 /  . 0 5,500 / 1 . 2 ,811 / 0 . 6 6, 2 84 / 1 . 5 1,464 / 0 . 1,510 / 0 . 1 2 4,4 32 /  . 0 11,606 /  . 2 5,5 6 / 9 . 8 Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) well 4 . 8 2 14 . 1  . 0 15 . 8 49,940 / 60,995 / 1 2 9,968 / 410,96 2 / 4, 3 15 / 1 . 6 7,61 2 / 1 . 8 4,856 / 1 . 9 6,411 /  . 7 33 ,418 / 9 . 54,655 / 6 . 4 10, 3 91 /  . 1 4,85 2 / 0 . 9 11,116 /  . 32 ,0 33 /  . 9 having 701 / 0 . 1 Number of Population 7, 33 1 / 0 . 9 3 ,751 / 1 . 4 interrupted 3 0, 2 60 / 7 . 0 3 8,05 2 / 7 . 2 6,719 / 5 . 7 11,167 /  . 0 16,050 / 6 . 9 2 6,748 /  . 4 9 2 ,401 / 11 . 59,97 2 / 16 . 5 59,506 /  . 61,60 3 /  . 7 65, 22 6 / 18 . 499,487 / 5 . 9 (limited) access to water (ps . /%) water to 79 . 4 99 . 61 having Population 1, 23 5,148 / 6,771,789 / water (ps . /%) hrs) access to 8 2 ,145 /  . 6 9 2 ,54 / 6 . 4 good quality of permanent ( 2 4 55 2 ,118 / 67 . 5 51 3 ,875 / 99 . 9 17 3 ,401 / 64 . 5 7 3 4, 17 / 85 . 3 86,005 / 89 . 8 2 5 ,508 / 96 . 9 3 67,868 / 74 . 4 33 0,907 / 70 . 3 51,4 23 / 9  . 165,911 / 6  . 8 3 45,66 / 7  . 1 190,589 / 81 . 4 997, 3 69 / 90 . 87 . 8 94 . 4 99 . 61 having Population 1,04 3 ,810 / 1, 23 5,148 / 7,48 3 , 333 / water (ps . /%) hrs) access to permanent ( 2 4 571, 2 68 / 69 . 8 51 3 ,875 / 99 . 9 2 58, 222 / 71 . 1 17 3 ,401 / 64 . 5 794,4 2 7 / 9  . 3 86,005 / 89 . 8 2 5 ,508 / 96 . 9 44 3 ,468 / 89 . 6 168,058 / 64 . 6 3 76,464 / 80 . 0 3 6 2 ,4 23 / 96 . 8 466,608 / 97 . 22 7, 2 09 / 64 . 9 2 10,4 3 9 / 89 . (km) 600 . 0 8 2 . 6 54  . 8 89  . 5 55  . 1 459 . 9 417 . 8 3 ,819 . 3 ,819 . 6 2 ,0  . 8 1,781 . 5 2 , 90 . 0 1,808 . 6 1, 2 44 . 1 1,1 2 7 . 5 1, 2 59 . 0 Pipeline 23 ,468 . 0 Length of Length Popula- tion, (ps) 818,070 514,575 3 6 , 2 18 2 68,619 856,79 3 4 3 0,16 2 2 60,575 494,7 22 470, 3 19 3 74,166 2 60,04 3 479, 3 69 3 50,166 233 ,900 8,5 2 0, 222 1,105,5 2 5 1, 2 40,000 East- West- North- South- Atyrau Almaty Aktobe Akmola Zhambyl Kostanai Pavlodar Kyzylorda Mangistau Astana) Karaganda Almaty city cities of Astana city Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Total: Almaty and Unit (Oblast, Administrative 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 14 15 16 1 2 1 3 S ummary T able on Access of Urban Population to Water upply and ewerage ystems in the Republic Kazakhstan 82 annexes 1 2 supply of Service is worn out water supply reached 86 . % quality of water needs replacement needs replacement high level of network high level of network wear level of network long distance till water interrupted water supply depreciation, inadequate depreciation, interrupted 100% of network is worn Main Reason for Low Level 3 5% of water pipe network souRC*e, interrupted water water available only 3 -4 hrs a day to some part of people 100% of water pipe network out, interrupted water supply 86 . 9% of water pipe network 1 2 low low low low high high Service Level of medium medium medium medium medium medium 11 other 10 delivered 700 / 0 . 10 6, 33 0 / 95 . 50 9 well 15 . 70 2 4 . 50 19,955 / 10,097 / 3 0 / . 60 3 19 / 1 . 10 1, 2 89 /  . 10 4,940 / 2 9 . 0 1,500 / 3 4 . 80 2 ,98 3 / 4 . 10 8 Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) 84 . 75 58 . 90 2 5 . 10  . 10 common 11,459 / 16,918 / 3 1,816 / 1 3 ,697 / stand pipe 4,550 / 2 6 . 90 2 ,810 / 65 . 0 1,7 2 5 /  . 40 6, 2 66 / 50 . 2 ,841 /  . 90 7 96 . 90 99 . 90 59 . 0 40 . 00 4  . 50 40, 2 76 / 75,004 / 11,487 / 17,587 / 51 3 ,875 / 7450 / 44 3 00 / 4 . 50 centralized 2 06 / 15 . 5 3 ,580 / 67 . 00 6,14 2 / 49 . 50 6,570 / 5  . 00 6 (ps . /%) hrs) access to 5, 3 05 / 99 . 40 9,411 / 75 . 90 drinking water of good quality permanent ( 2 4 40, 2 76 / 96 . 90 1 2 ,408 / 100 . 00 51 3 ,875 / 99 . 90 Population having 5 98 . 90 70 . 90 having 100 . 00 (limited) 2 8,405 / 1 2 ,000 / 1 3 ,5 2 / access to 3 00 / 4 . 50 Population intermittent water (ps . /%) 2 ,810 / 65 . 0 4 96 . 90 84 . 0 99 . 90 75 . 60 having 100 . 00 ( 2 4 hrs) 40, 2 76 / 1 2 ,408 / 3 1, 2 84 / access to 106,8 2 0 / 51 3 ,875 / Population permanent water (ps . /%) 5, 3 05 / 99 . 40 9,411 / 75 . 90 3 96 . 90 98 . 90 70 . 90 84 . 0 99 . 90 75 . 60 having (ps . /%) 100 . 00 100 . 00 40, 2 76 / 2 8,405 / 1 2 ,000 / 1 3 ,5 2 / 1 2 ,408 / 3 1, 2 84 / access to 106,8 2 0 / 51 3 ,875 / 3 00 / 4 . 50 Population watersupply 2 ,810 / 65 . 0 5, 3 05 / 99 . 40 9,411 / 75 . 90 RC* RC* RC* Astana Esil, RC* 2 Kokshetau Akkol, RC* Schuchinsk, Arshaly, RC* Stepnogorsk Derzhavinsk, Atbasar, RC* Yereimantau, Makinsk, RC* Stepnyak, RC* Populated Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 № 10 11 1 2 Data on Access to Drinking Water of G ood Quality Urban Population in Akmola O blast 83 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 1 2 is worn out replacement water supply water supply needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement water supply system high level of network high level of network wear level of water pipe network reached 86, 3 % interrupted water supply interrupted water supply depreciation, interrupted depreciation, interrupted 58% of water pipe network 80% of water pipe network nonoperational condition of 70% of sewer network need 100% of water pipe network 3 4% water pipe network and 81 . % of water pipe network 100% of network is worn out 1 2 low low low low low high medium medium medium medium medium medium medium 11 0 . 791 / 791 / 14 . 40 10 700 / 0 . 10 2 65 / 5 . 00 405 / 10 . 7,000 /  . 00 9 14 . 0 100 . 00 6,8 2 8 / 49,940 / 167 / 3 6 . 70 507 / 1  . 9 2 1, 32 5 / 2 . 00 8 3 1 . 60 100 . 00 100 . 00 5,500 / 1, 2 07 / included 110,751 / in data for Kokshetau 716 / 70 . 00 2 88 / 6  . 0 981 / 2 1 . 70 3 ,99 2 / 7  . 60 1,8 3 4 / . 60 4,149 / 9  . 0 system 7 51 . 90 included 181,684 / in data for Kokshetau 51 3 ,875 / 99 . 90 of people has access to water supply 2 99 / 6 . 70 71 2 / 1  . 00 3 07 / 0 . 00 99 3 / 100 . 00 490 / 100 . 00 1,876 / 3 5 . 40 3 ,01 2 / 76 . 75 3 ,5 7 / 78 . 0 6 / 2 88 / 6  . 0 4,704 / 85 . 6 3 ,710 / 70 . 00 3 ,01 2 / 76 . 75 2 , 23 0 / 100 . 00 1,0 23 / 100 . 00 4,518 / 100 . 00 4,450 / 100 . 00 9 2 ,54 / 6 . 40 1, 2 07 / 100 . 00 51 3 ,875 / 99 . 90 5 18 . 60 100 . 00 5,500 / 65, 22 6 / 99 3 / 100 490 / 100 1, 2 07 / 100 4 / 99 . 90 64 . 90 100 . 00 100 . 00 100 . 00 100 . 00 100 . 00 2 , 23 0 / 1,0 23 / 1, 2 07 / 4,518 / 4,450 / 51 3 ,875 / 22 7, 2 09 / 2 88 / 6  . 0 4,704 / 85 . 60 3 ,710 / 70 . 00 3 ,01 2 / 76 . 75 3 / 99 . 90 8  . 50 100 . 00 100 . 00 100 . 00 100 . 00 100 . 00 100 . 00 2 , 23 0 / 1,0 23 / 1, 2 07 / 5,500 / 4,518 / 4,450 / 51 3 ,875 / 2 9 ,4 3 5 / 2 88 / 6  . 0 99 3 / 100 . 00 490 / 100 . 00 4,704 / 85 . 60 3 ,710 / 70 . 00 3 ,01 2 / 76 . 75 Aksy Bestobe Birlestik Borovoe Nauchny 2 Zaozerny Shantobe Zavodskoi Zholymbet Alekseevka Stantsionny Krasnogosky Total in Oblast: Zleleznodorojny Shortandy, RC** Total in Astana city: 1 1 3 2 5 2 1 14 15 16 17 18 19 22 23 2 0 2 6 2 4 Note*: RC* -Rayon Center 84 annexes

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in Akmola Oblast

Quality Length of Water Tariff Water Tariff № Populated Area Problem Type Cause of Problem Grade* Pipelines (km) (KZT/m3) Collection Rate (%)

1 Astana 3 600 .00 20 .63 100

purification system 2 Kokshetau 2 biological has technical 280 .90 24 .70 100 trouble

3 Stepnogorsk 3 10 .60 18 .89 100

4 Akkol, RC* 3 21 .50 39 . 80-85

purification system 5 Makinsk, RC* 2 metals has technical 5 .90 41 .70 100 trouble

6 Stepnyak, RC* 3 1 .50 200 .00 95 .6

Yereimantau, secondary pollution 7 2 other 54 .00 55 .00 98 RC* of water

8 Esil, RC* 3 110 .0 31 .58 80

Derzhavinsk, absence of water 9 1 biological  .00 57 .0 100 RC* purification facilities

secondary pollution 10 Atbasar, RC* 2 metals 199 .80 4 .80 95 of water

absence of water 11 Schuchinsk, RC* 2 all 97 .50  .83 95 purification facilities

70 .00 – “Arshaly 45 .00 – LLP/2500 vodservice” 12 Arshaly, RC* 3 37 .00 people/; 40 .92 LLP; 85 .00 -JSC – JSC “Kazshpal” “Kazshpal”

13 Shortandy, RC* 3  .70 5 .90 80

14 Stantsionny 3 25 .0 24 .70 100

15 Zavodskoi 3 17 .00 18 .89 100

purification system biological/ 16 Aksy 1 has technical 29 .80 50 .00 100 metals trouble

17 Zaozerny 3 25 .00 200 .00 95 .6

absence of water 18 Bestobe 0 metals – 0 .00 purification facilities

19 Krasnogosky 3 17 .0 160 .00 60

20 Shantobe 3 90 .00 19 .07 94

secondary pollution 21 Zholymbet 2 other 4 .00 30 .0 50 of water

22 Zleleznodorojny 3

secondary pollution 23 Nauchny 2 other  .00 7 .00 72 of water

24 Borovoe 3 6 .00 20 .00 56

25 Alekseevka 3 20 .00 no more than 50 00. 80

secondary pollution 26 Birlestik 2 5 .00 no more than 50 00. 46 of water

Total in Oblast: 1,259 00.

Total in Astana 600 .00

Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3 where very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3. ; RC* – Rayon Center 85 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in Akmola Oblast

Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps ./%) Availability Water Tariff Length of Sewers № Populated Area centralized 3 of Sewerage septic pit outdoor toilet (KZT/m ) (km) system Treatment*

384,388 / 74 .70 130,187 / 1 Astana has access to 14,63 M and B 250,00 25 .0 sewerage system

2 Kokshetau 75,004 / 59 .0 5,367 / 4 .0 46,404 / 36 .60 22,08 M and B 218,73

3 Stepnogorsk 40,151 / 96 60. 125 / 0 .0 1,289 /  10. 19,50 M and B 103,6

4 Akkol, RC* 2,900 / 21 40. 10,621 / 78 6. 42,00 0 18,00

5 Makinsk, RC* 5,000 / 29 50. 11,940 / 70 .50 0 11,00

6 Stepnyak, RC* 4,310 / 100 0,00 0 0,00

7 Yereimantau, RC* 3,718 / 30 00. 8,676 / 70 32,00 0 23,00

8 Esil, RC* 1,112 / 9 00. 3,036 / 24 .50 8,260 / 66 .50 33,09 M and B 5,80

9 Derzhavinsk, RC* 6,615 / 100 0,00 0 100% – worn out

10 Atbasar, RC* 7,293 / 25 40. 4,200 / 14 60. 17,231 / 60 .0 12,30 0 60,80

11 Schuchinsk, RC* 15,518 / 37 50. 1,241 /  00. 24,622 / 59 50. 39,55 M and B 81,90

12 Arshaly, RC* 600 / 11 .0 4,735 / 88 .80 М 3,30

13 Shortandy, RC* 550 / 10 00. 252 / 4 60. 4,693 / 85 .40 34,14 M 27,10

accounted accounted 14 Stantsionny in data for in data for 22,08 M and B 10,07 Kokshetau Kokshetau

15 Zavodskoi 2,560 / 65 . 452 / 11 5. 2 912 /  .4 19,50 M and B 12,60

1 .00 16 Aksy 5,500 / 100 0,00 0 – in emergency conditions

17 Zaozerny 490 / 100 0,00 0 100% – worn out

18 Bestobe 6,828 / 100 0,00 0 0,00

19 Krasnogosky 993 / 100 00. 60,00 0 3,50

20 Shantobe 3,537 / 78 .0 981 / 21 .70 21,93 M and B 20,00

21 Zholymbet 4,450 / 100 0,00 0 0,00

22 Zleleznodorojny

23 Nauchny 216 / 21 .0 807 / 78 .90 0,00 0 2,40

24 Borovoe 1,820 / 34 .0 2,480 / 65 .70 150,00 0 17,00

25 Alekseevka 1,207 / 100 0,00 0 0,00

26 Birlestik 455 / 100 0,00 0 0,00

Total in Akmola Oblast: 160,972 / 46 00. 14,673 / 4 00. 173,521 / 50 518,80

384,388 / 74 .70 has access to Total in Astana city: 130,187 / 25 . 250,00 sewerage system

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities; RC* – Rayon Center

86 annexes 1 3 of Service replacement replacement replacement replacement replacement replacement replacement emergencies emergencies high level of network 3 0% of network needs 80% of network needs 40% of network needs 80% of network needs 90% of network needs 61% of network needs 47, 3 % of main pipeline trouble in water quality 7  . 5% of network needs depreciation, permanent Main Reason for Low Level 60% of water pipe network needs replacement, frequent needs replacement, frequent 1 2 low low high high high Service Level of medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium 11 other 10 19 . 80 5,500 / delivered 9 well 90 . 56 2 5, 3 59 / 4,85 2 / 0 . 9 8, 2 00 / 6 . 40 8,75 3 / 48 . 40 7,0 2 4 / 9 . 60 10,141 / 9 . 50 8 Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) 78 . 00 2 8 . 00 common 11,971 / 1 2 ,1 3 8 / 3 7 / 0 . 10 stand pipe 2 40 / 0 . 60 1,680 / 4 . 50 7,600 / 6  . 3 ,690 / 11 . 9 1,187 / 5 . 00 7, 23 4 / 40 . 00 3 ,964 / 14 . 0 6,9 3 5 / 78 . 50 19,748 / 18 . 5 2 7,5 8 /  . 1 7 95 . 50 61 . 70 66 . 00 99 . 40 65 . 40 7  . 00 7  . 00 97 . 40 3 5,540 / 19,1 2 5 / 18, 3 56 / 3 8,9 2 0 / 15,5 3 6 / 76,858 / 3 1, 2 1 / centralized 1, 2 07,6 0 / 2 ,604 / 9 . 0 4,400 / 3 6 . 70 2 ,095 / 11 . 60 3 , 76 /  . 00 1,895 / 2 1 . 50 6 99 . 61 (ps . /%) 1, 23 5,148 / 8,8 3 0 / 100 2 ,641 / 9 . 40 3 7, 22 0 / 100 1 2 ,000 / 100 15, 3 47 / 100 3 9,161 / 100 hrs) access to 9, 32 9 / 51 . 60 drinking water of good quality permanent ( 2 4 22 ,815 / 7  . 60 22 , 32 0 / 80 . 16,7 23 / 70 . 40 96,606 / 90 . 50 Population having 5 having (limited) access to Population intermittent water (ps . /%) 4 7  . 60 80 . 0 70 . 40 99 . 61 90 . 50 having ( 2 4 hrs) 22 ,815 / 22 , 32 0 / 16,7 23 / 96,606 / access to Population permanent 1 2 , 3 5148 / 8,8 3 0 / 100 2 ,641 / 9 . 40 water (ps . /%) 1 2 ,000 / 100 3 7, 22 0 / 100 4 3 , 50 / 100 15, 3 47 / 100 3 9,160 / 100 9, 32 9 / 51 . 60 3 99 . 61 to water Population 2 ,641 / 9 . 4 1, 23 5,148 / 8,8 3 0 / 100 9, 32 9 / 51 . 6 1 2 ,000 / 100 3 7, 22 0 / 100 4 3 , 50 / 100 15, 3 47 / 100 3 9,160 / 100 having access 22 ,815 / 7  . 6 96,606 / 90 . 5 22 , 32 0 / 80 . 16,7 23 / 70 . 4 supply (ps . /%) RC* Tekeli Almaty 2 Esik, RC* Area Kapshagai Talgar, RC* Taldykorgan Populated Usharal, RC* Ushtobe, RC* Zhansugurov, Sarkand, RC* Zharkent, RC* Kaskelen, RC* Saryozek, RC* 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 3 10 11 1 2 Data on Access to Drinking Water of G ood Quality Urban Population in Almaty O blast 87 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 1 3 a day replacement replacement replacement replacement depreciation water supply winter season winter supply in summer needs replacement, replacement, needs needs replacement, needs replacement, high level of network 6 2 % of network needs 50% of network needs 70% of network needs 50% of network needs 79% of network needs 100% of network needs interrupted water supply interrupted water supply replacement, interrupted replacement, interrupted interrupted water supply in in supply water interrupted 51% of water pipe network network pipe water of 51% 90% of water pipe network 70% of water pipe network interrupted supply – 4-5 hrs 1 2 low low high high medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium 11 640 /  . 40 640 / 0 . 10 10 1 . 0 5,500 / 9 1  . 00 60,995 / 4,85 2 / 0 . 9 1,516 / 5  . 60 8 80 . 10 2 0 . 11, 2 75 / 94,8 3 6 / 18 / 1 . 70 3 7 / 1 . 70 2 69 / 7 . 80 1,4 2 5 / 100 705 / 2 7 . 10 1, 3 46 / 7 . 80 3 , 33 6 /  . 40 2 7,5 8 /  . 1 7 76 . 60 9  . 0 97 . 40 65 . 50 10,9 2 0 / 15,916 / 3 08, 47 / 3 50 / 100 1, 2 07,6 0 / 7,499 / 100 9,84 3 / 100 2 , 07 / 100 700 / 2 4 . 50 2 ,816 / 19 . 90 1,0 3 1 / 98 . 0 3 ,097 / 9  . 0 1,895 / 7  . 90 2 ,156 / 98 . 0 6 99 . 61 1, 23 5,148 / 1,049 / 100 9,84 3 / 100 3 , 66 / 100 2 ,19 3 / 100 17, 2 6 / 100 14, 2 57 / 100 33 0,907 / 70 . 0 5 100 5 . 70 14,145 / 2 6,719 / 3 50 / 100 7,499 / 100 1,4 2 5 / 100 2 ,600 / 100 700 / 2 4 . 50 4 99 . 61 80 . 00 3 76,464 / 1, 23 5,148 / 1,049 / 100 9,84 3 / 100 3 , 66 / 100 2 , 07 / 100 2 ,19 3 / 100 17, 2 6 / 100 14, 2 57 / 100 3 85 . 7 99 . 61 40 3 ,18 / 3 50 / 100 700 / 2 4 . 5 1, 23 5,148 / 7,499 / 100 1,049 / 100 9,84 3 / 100 3 , 66 / 100 2 , 07 / 100 1,4 2 5 / 100 2 ,600 / 100 2 ,19 3 / 100 14,145 / 100 17, 2 6 / 100 14, 2 57 / 100 RC* Lepsi Matai Ulken Tuyuk Mulaly Dostyk Oblast: 2 Boraldai Balpykbi Pokrovka Karabulak, Rudnichny Pervomaisky Otegen Batyr Total in Almaty 1 Total in Almaty city: 2 5 2 6 14 15 16 17 18 19 22 23 2 0 2 1 2 4

88 annexes

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in Almaty Oblast

Quality Length of Water Tariff Water Tariff № Populated Area Problem Type Cause of Problem Grade* Pipelines (km) (KZT/m3) Collection Rate (%)

1 Almaty 3 2,290 00. 9 . 100 .0

secondary 2 Kapshagai 2  .70 11 .02 75 .0 pollution

3 Taldykorgan 3 355 .10 21 .16 100 .0

4 Tekeli 3 121 .00 15 .00 96 .0

absence of water 5 Talgar, RC* 1 all purification 11 .0 11 .1 95 .0 facilities

6 Usharal, RC* 3 37 .50 4 .65 40 .0

7 Esik, RC* 3 128 .00 9 .72 98 .0

high 8 Kaskelen, RC* 2 shortage of water 77 .60  .13 100 .0 mineralization

9 Ushtobe, RC* 3 84 .50 6 .79 65 .0

10 Zharkent, RC* 3 94 .50 9 .51 95 .0

11 Sarkand, RC* 3 77 .00 35 .1 87 .0

12 Zhansugurov, RC* 3 78 .60 44 .4 47 .0

13 Saryozek, RC* 3 120 .00  .16 67 .0

14 Balpykbi 3 5 .0 27 .53 96 .0

15 Karabulak, RC* 3 28 .00 37 .0 100 .0

16 Matai 3 14 .0 74 .15 40 .5

17 Mulaly 3  .10 74 .15 85 .0

18 Dostyk 3 21 .10 74 .15 100 .0

purification system 600 .00 per 19 Ulken 2 biological has technical 24 .60 person/month for 100 .0 trouble WS&S services

20 Boraldai 3 47 .00 17 .9 95 .0

21 Pervomaisky 3 35 .00  .8 96 .1

22 Pokrovka 3 10 .40 18 .1 96 .0

ground absence of water 200 .00 per – 3, biological/ 23 Lepsi purification person/month for 100 .0 surface metals facilities WS&S services – 2

24 Rudnichny 3 15 .00 11 .42 97 .0

25 Otegen Batyr 3 35 .00 18 .1 96 .0

26 Tuyuk 3  .10 16 .15 75 .0

Total in Almaty Oblast: 1,808 60.

Total in Almaty city: 2,290 00.

Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3; very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3; RC* – Rayon Center

89 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in Almaty Oblast

Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps /%). Availability Water Tariff Length of № Populated Area centralized 3 of Sewerage septic pit outdoor toilet (KZT/m ) Sewers (km) system Treatment*

1 Almaty 995,100 / 80 .5 244,900 / 19 .75 5,93 M and B 1, 00.

2 Kapshagai 37,771 / 96 50. 600 / 1 50. 789 /  00. 10,06 M and B 139 .90

3 Taldykorgan 53,587 / 50 .0 53,160 / 49 .80 15,33 M and B 237 .60

4 Tekeli 10,836 / 45 60. 12,911 / 54 .40 12,18 M and B 37 .60

5 Talgar, RC* 16,039 / 37 00. 27,311 / 6 .00 7,61 0 51 .50

6 Usharal, RC* 18,085 / 100 .00 0,00 0 –

7 Esik, RC* 3,078 / 11 00. 24,742 / 88 .90 6,11 M and B 51 .10

8 Kaskelen, RC* 10,488 / 28 .0 26,732 / 71 80. 32,79 0 75 .10

9 Ushtobe, RC* 1,158 / 4 10. 26,842 / 95 .90 42,00 М 29 .00

10 Zharkent, RC* 2,048 / 6 60. 28,967 / 9 .40 3,25 0 21 .00

11 Sarkand, RC* 2,176 / 14 .0 13,171 / 85 .80 14,71 0 1 .00

12 Zhansugurov, RC* 1,596 / 28 .0 7,234 / 71 80. 0 10 .70

13 Saryozek, RC* 12,000 / 100 .00 0,00 0 –

14 Balpykbi 202 / 1 40. 13,889 / 98 .60 6,66 0 4 .60

15 Karabulak, RC* 1,710 / 1 00. 12,547 / 88 .00 18,00 M and B 11 .90

16 Matai 2,600 / 100 0,00 0 –

17 Mulaly 350 / 100 .00 0,00 0 –

18 Dostyk 1,096 / 50 00. 1,097 / 50 .00 0  .80

600 .00 per 19 Ulken 2,207 / 100 00. ps for WS&S 0 14 .00 services

20 Boraldai 5,666 / 57 60. 4,177 / 4 .40 18,44 0 1 .00

21 Pervomaisky 2,040 / 27 . 5,459 / 7 .80 18,95 M and B 7 .50

22 Pokrovka 3,366 / 100 .00 0,00 0 –

23 Lepsi 2,856 / 100 .00 0,00 0 –

24 Rudnichny 305 / 70 90. 744 / 70 90. 21,70 М 7 .00

25 Otegen Batyr 16,389 / 95 00. 873 / 5 .00 18,89 M and B 37 .50

26 Tuyuk 1,425 / 100 .00 0,00 0 –

Total in Almaty Oblast: 168,392 / 35 8. 3,200 / 0 70. 298,727 / 6 .50 76 .80

Total in Almaty city: 995,100 / 80 .5 244,900 / 19 .75 1, 00.

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities; WS&S – water supply and sewerage; RC* – Rayon Center

90 annexes км) high level of Level of Service shortage of water needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement, needs replacement, needs replacement, 80% of pipe network 87% of pipe network 67% of pipe network 7 2 % of pipe network 2 5% of pipe network Main Reason for Low frequent emergencies network and facilitties 6 3 ,5% of pipe network needs replacement (71 100% of water network 100% of water network depreciation in terms of interrupted water supply low low high Service Level of medium medium medium medium medium medium medium other

576 / 4 . 6 576 / 0 . delivered well common stand pipe 7,8 2 6 / 61 5,8 3 0 / 5 2 ,001 / 100 3 ,659 / 2 9 . 5 2 , 46 / 1  . 5 4, 2 74 / 3 8 . 3 0,575 / 14 . 22 ,174 / 86 . 78,585 / 2 1 . 0 Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) 5,00 3 / 9 5,170 / 47 centralized 3 ,500 / 100 8,18 3 / 65 . 9 3 ,5 2 6 / 1  . 7 6,89 3 / 61 . 7 2 6,964 / 100 15,7 2 6 / 87 . 5 22 0,0 3 9 / 87 . 8 2 95,004 / 78 . 8 (ps . /%) 2 ,001 / 100 3 ,500 / 100 1 2 ,418 / 100 2 6,964 / 100 17,97 3 / 100 2 5,700 / 100 1 2 ,8 9 / 100 hrs) access to drinking water of good quality 2 50,614 / 100 permanent ( 2 4 3 51,4 23 / 9  . Population having having (limited) access to 11,167 / 3 Population intermittent water (ps . /%) 11,167 / 100 having Population 2 ,001 / 100 3 ,500 / 100 water (ps . /%) 1 2 ,418 / 100 2 6,964 / 100 17,97 3 / 100 2 5,700 / 100 1 2 ,8 9 / 100 11,000 / 100 hrs) access to 2 50,614 / 100 permanent ( 2 4 3 6 2 ,4 23 / 96 . 8 (ps . /%) Population 2 ,001 / 100 3 ,500 / 100 11,000 / 100 11,167 / 100 1 2 ,418 / 100 2 6,964 / 100 17,97 3 / 100 2 5,700 / 100 1 2 ,8 9 / 100 having access 2 50,614 / 100 to water supply 3 7 ,590 / 99 . 8 Populated Area Aktobe Alga, RC* Kandyagash, RC* Khromtau, RC* Shalkar, RC* Temir Emba Shubarkuduk, RC* Zhem Kenkiyak Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 Data on Access to Drinking Water of G ood Quality Urban Population in Aktobe O blast Note*: RC* – Rayon Center 91 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in Aktobe Oblast

Quality Problem Length of Water Tariff Water Tariff № Populated Area Cause of Problem Grade* Type Pipelines (km) (KZT/m3) Collection Rate (%)

purification system has 1 Aktobe 2 metals 545 .70  .08 100 technical trouble

2 Alga, RC* 3 6 .00 31 .89 92

3 Kandyagash, RC* 3  .00 27 .70 100

4 Khromtau, RC* 3 205 .00 18 .00 100

5 Shalkar, RC* 3 284 .10 47 .51 85

6 Temir 2 other secondary pollution 8 .50 40 .0 87

7 Emba 2 other sand penetration in well  .70 140 .00 52

Shubarkuduk, purification system has 8 2 metals 24 .60 25 .0 95 RC* technical trouble

9 Zhem 3 36 .00 30 .70

absence of water 10 Kenkiyak 2 other  .50 29 .00 100 purification facilities

Total in Oblast: 1,244 10.

Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3; very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3; RC* – Rayon Center

Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in Aktobe Oblast

Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps ./%) Availability Water Tariff Length of № Populated Area of Sewerage (KZT/m3) Sewers (km) centralized system septic pit outdoor toilet Treatment*

1 Aktobe 169,415 / 67 .6 751 / 0 . 80,448 /  .1 20 .93 M and B 365 .0

2 Alga, RC* 8,183 / 65 9. 4,235 / 34 . 19 .92 M  .0

3 Kandyagash, RC* 19,800 / 7 4. 600 /  . 6,564 / 24 .  .4 B 20 .0

4 Hromtau, RC* 11,741 / 65 . 2,642 / 14 .7 3,590 / 20 .0 19 .11 M and B 67 .1

5 Shalkar, RC* 2,461 / 9 6. 23,239 / 90 4. 55 .82 M 27 .0

6 temir 2,001 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .0

7 Emba 2,420 / 18 9. 10,410 / 81 .1 0  .0

8 Shubarkuduk, RC* 3,870 / 35 0. 7,130 / 65 .0 27 .00 M 7 .

9 Zhem 3,500 / 100 0. 0 39 .0

10 Kenkiyak 5,583 / 50 0. 5,584 / 50 .0  .12 0 15 .5

Total in Aktobe Oblast: 226,973 / 60 7. 3,993 / 1 .0 143,201 / 38 . 584 .8

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities; RC* – Rayon Center

92 annexes Service replacement replacement water supply water supply water supply water supply 59% of network needs 58% of network needs 50% of network needs 68% of network needs 50% of network needs 100% of network needs interrupted water supply interrupted water supply interrupted water supply interrupted water supply replacement, interrupted replacement, interrupted replacement, interrupted replacement, interrupted high level of depreciation in high level of depreciation in terms of water pipie network terms of water pipie network Main Reason for Low Level of low high Service Level of medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium town delivered 168 / 9 . 0 2 56 / 6 . 1,000 / 6 . 3 ,504 / 0 . 5 2 5,5 6 / 9 . 8 accounted in 2 0,598 / 41 . 7 data of Kulsary 1 . 9 well 8  . 5 45 . 7 2 ,97 / 1,884 / 4,856 / pipe 4 2 0 /  . 7 in data of accounted 47 3 / 11 . 5 2 , 78 / 4 . 6 33 ,9 2 8 / 1 3 4,097 / 2 7 . 0 Kulsary town 2 6,660 / 17 . 8 common stand Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) town 78 3 / 100 5 3 0 / 100 45 2 / 100 1,695 / 91 588 / 16 . 5 centralized 9,700 / 100 7,544 / 65 . 8 1,508 / 3 6 . accounted in 1 3 ,1 2 0 / 100 2 6,640 / 5  . 8 10,057 / 66 . 4 data of Kulsary / 75 . / 195,7 33 ,116 / 8  . / 1 23 ,116 1,981 / 48 . 1 water of good 14,154 / 9  . 4 quality (ps . /%) 149,776 / 100 165,911 / 6  . 8 Population having access to drinking permanent ( 2 4 hrs) having 78 3 / 100 5 3 0 / 100 588 / 16 . 5 Population intermittent 9,700 / 100 7,964 / 69 . 5 1 3 ,1 2 0 / 100 2 8,918 / 58 . 4 61,60 3 /  . 7 (limited) access to water (ps . /%) water to having 45 2 / 100 Population 1,695 / 91 . 0 1,981 / 48 . 1 water (ps . /%) hrs) access to 14,154 / 9  . 4 149,776 / 100 permanent ( 2 4 168,058 / 64 . 6 / 168,058 town (ps . /%) 45 2 / 100 78 3 / 100 5 3 0 / 100 588 / 16 . 5 Population 9,700 / 100 7,964 / 69 . 5 1,695 / 91 . 0 1,981 / 48 . 1 accounted in 1 3 ,1 2 0 / 100 having access 2 8,918 / 58 . 4 14,154 / 9  . 4 149,776 / 100 data of Kulsary to water supply 22 9,661 / 88 . Populated Area Atyrau Kulsary, RC* Inderbor, RC* Karaton Koschagyl Baishonas Dossor Iskenen Komsomol Koshkar Makat, RC* Balykshi Zhumysker 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 3 10 11 1 2 Total in Atyrau Oblast: Data on Access to Drinking Water of G ood Quality Urban Population in Atyrau O blast Note: *RC* – Rayon Center

93 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in Atyrau Oblast

Populated Length of Water Tariff Water Tariff № Quality Grade* Problem Type Cause of Problem Area Pipelines (km) (KZT/m3) Collection Rate (%)

1 Atyrau 3 176 .80 15 .9 86 .00

2 Kulsary, RC* 3 67 .70 46 .95 70 .0

purification system 3 Inderbor, RC* 2 other 55 .00  .63 85 .00 has technical trouble

4 Karaton 3  .00 46 .95 70 .00

absence of water 5 Koschagyl 2 metals 4 .0 1 .40 40 .00 purification facilities

absence of water 74 .51 per 6 Baishonas 2 metals 6 .0 100 .00 purification facilities person /month

7 Dossor 3 21 .00 79 .09 38 .00

absence of water 74 .51 per 8 Iskinen 2 metals  .00 100 .00 purification facilities person /month

9 Komsomol 3 5 .0 74 .09 30 .00

10 Koshkar 3 8 .10 74 .09 30 .00

purification system 11 Makat, RC* 2 metals 58 .0 61 .70 70 .0 has technical trouble

12 Balykshi 3 25 .00 15 .9 86 .00

13 Zhumysker 3 7 .0 15 .9 86 .00

Total in Atyrau 459 .90 Oblast:

Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3; very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3; RC* – Rayon Center . Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in Atyrau Oblast

Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps /%). Availability Water Tariff Length of № Populated Area of Sewerage (KZT/m3) Sewers (km) centralized system septic pit outdoor toilet Treatment*

1 Atyrau 76,535 / 51 .1 150 / 1 .0 73,091 / 48 .8 40 .96 М 180 .

2 Kulsary, RC* 27,184 / 54 9. 891 / 1 .8 21,440 / 4 .  .56 М 70 .8

3 Inderbor, RC* 3,321 / 30 0. 380 /  . 7,767 / 67 .7 11 .74 M and B  .0

accounted in accounted accounted in data accounted in data 4 Karaton data for Kulsary  .56 М in data for for Kulsary town for Kulsary town town Kulsary town

5 Koschagyl 3,560 / 100 0 .00 0 0

6 Baishonas 1,863 / 100 0 .00 0 0

7 Dossor 9,700 / 100 0 .00 0 0

8 Iskinen 452 / 100 0 .00 0 0

9 Komsomol 783 / 100 0 .00 0 0

10 Koshkar 530 / 100 0 .00 0 0

11 Makat, RC* 4,316 /  9. 914 / 7 .1 7,890 / 59 .9 50 .88 0  .7

12 Balykshi 5,003 /  0. 1,402 / 9 . 8,749 / 57 .7 17 .00 0 5 .8

13 Zhumysker 9 / 0 . 4,112 / 99 .8 0 .00 0 0

Total in Atyrau Oblast: 116,359 / 44 7. 3,746 / 1 5. 139,937 / 5 8. 301 .6

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities; RC* – Rayon Center

94 annexes 1 3 Service of water facilities by 85% interrupted supply pumping equipment with quality of water 60% of network needs 44% of network needs interrupted water supply depreciation of network and Main Reason for Low Level of high depreciation of electrical and replacement, permanent problems replacement, problems with quality 56% of network needs replacement needs network of 56% replacement needs network of 80% replacement needs network of 60% replacement needs network of 84% replacement needs network of 81% replacement needs network of 50% replacement needs network of 50% 1 2 high high high high high high Service Level of medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium

11

other delivered 10 9 well 10 . 6 5  . 7 4,644 / 2 6,6 1 / 3 ,515 / 7 1,107 / 3 9 . 5 2 ,796 / 59 . 5 8 500 / 5 576 / 6 70 /  . 5 common 765 / 7 . 6 stand pipe 9,5 2 4 / 5 2 ,700 / 58 808 / 81 . 1 1,79 3 / 4 . 11, 2 86 / 66 46,500 / 15 3 5,161 / 14 5,74 2 / 60 . 5 7,045 / 76 . 1,561 /  . 4, 2 55 / 3 9 . 4 4,874 / 51 . 9 Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) 10,064 / 19 . 6 7 75 . 4 2 40 /  . 5 3 4 / 7 . 189, 3 65 / 1,6 23 / 58 1,956 / 4 2 9,400 / 95 5,814 / 3 4 188 / 18 . 9 centralized 2 8,57 3 / 75 2 , 32 0 / 100 2 ,185 /  . 7 6,545 / 60 . 6 4,5 2 5 / 48 . 1 9,706 / 9  . 4 2 6 3 ,500 / 85 3 9,507 / 95 . 7 41, 2 86 / 80 . 4 4, 3 80 / 45 . 6 6 (ps . /%) 5,98 2 / 6 3 9, 23 0 / 100 2 , 32 0 / 100 9,900 / 100 9,400 / 100 1,904 / 40 . 5 1,69 3 / 60 . 5 3 8,097 / 100 41, 3 00 / 100 17,100 / 100 10,800 / 100 10,500 / 100 hrs) access to 4,956 / 51 . 6 3 drinking water of good quality 3 10,000 / 100 permanent ( 2 4 22 4,5 2 6 / 89 . 4 Population having 5 having (limited) access to 996 / 100 Population intermittent 4,656 / 100 water (ps . /%) 4 100 89 . 4 having ( 2 4 hrs) access to 3 10,000 / 22 4,5 2 6 / 5,98 2 / 6 3 Population permanent 9, 23 0 / 100 2 , 32 0 / 100 9,900 / 100 9,400 / 100 1,904 / 40 . 5 1,69 3 / 60 . 5 water (ps . /%) 3 8,097 / 100 41, 3 00 / 100 51, 3 50 / 100 17,100 / 100 10,800 / 100 10,500 / 100 4,956 / 51 . 6 3 3 100 89 . 4 to water 22 4,5 2 6 / 3 10,000 / 996 / 100 5,98 2 / 6 3 Population 9,900 / 100 9,400 / 100 4,656 / 100 9, 23 0 / 100 2 , 32 0 / 100 1,904 / 40 . 5 1,69 3 / 60 . 5 17,100 / 100 10,800 / 100 10,500 / 100 3 8,097 / 100 41, 3 00 / 100 51, 3 50 / 100 having access 4,956 / 51 . 6 3 supply (ps . /%) 2 Populated Area Ayagoz, RC* Zaisan, RC* Zyryanovsk, RC* Semipalatinsk Ridder Shemonaiha, RC* Serebryansk Shar Kuhatov, RC* Glubokoe, RC* Aktogai Belagash Zhezkent Altai Belousovka Verhneberezov Auezov Ust-Kamenogorsk 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 № 1 3 1 2 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 Data on Access to Drinking Water of G ood Quality Urban Population in East-Kazakhstan O blast 95 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 1 3 hrs in a day replacement supply system interrupted supply 57% of network needs 100% of network needs nonoperational condition of water replacement, interrupted supply – 2 9% of network needs replacement needs network of 2 9% 70% of network needs replacement needs network of 70% replacement needs network of 76% replacement needs network of 60% replacement needs network of 50% replacement needs network of 60% 1 2 low low high high high medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium 11 3 80 / 9 . 3 80 / 0 . 1 10 9 700 / 2 8 91 / 100 554 / 100 5 2 8 / 56 . 9 2 ,119 / 100 5, 2 00 / 100 3 ,000 / 7 . 5 3 ,780 / 90 . 8 54,655 / 6 . 4 8 18 . 1 110 / 10 154,791 / 1, 2 79 / 100 1,670 / 66 . 8 1,0 22 / 1  . 8 1, 2 06 / 3 6 . 5 6, 2 50 / 8  . 9 7 75 . 4 990 / 90 1 3 0 / 5 . 646,967 / 400 / 4  . 1 5 2 14 / 100 2 ,005 / 100 3 ,500 / 100 6,000 / 100 3 ,978 / 49 . 7 2 ,094 / 6  . 5 1, 2 00 / 16 . 1 10,000 / 100 6 0 / 0 / 0 / 1,800 / 7 2 5 2 14 / 100 3 , 00 / 100 3 ,500 / 100 7,450 / 100 6,000 / 100 10,000 / 100 7 3 4, 17 / 85 . 5 400 / 4  . 1 7, 33 1 / 0 . 9 1, 2 79 / 100 4 9  . 7 0 / 0 / 0 / 794,4 2 7 / 1,800 / 7 2 2 ,005 / 100 3 , 00 / 100 5, 2 14 / 100 3 ,500 / 100 1,100 / 100 7,450 / 100 6,000 / 100 5,000 / 6  . 5 10,000 / 100 3 9  . 6 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 801,758 / 1,800 / 7 2 400 / 4  . 1 1,100 / 100 7,450 / 100 6,000 / 100 1, 2 79 / 100 2 ,005 / 100 3 , 00 / 100 5, 2 14 / 100 3 ,500 / 100 5,000 / 6  . 5 10,000 / 100 2 Total in East- Zhangistobe Zharma Suykbulak Novaya Buhtarma Oktyabrsky Pribrezhny Tugyl Molodezhny, RC* Asubulak Belogorsky Ognyevka Pervomaisky Ust-Talovka Zubovka Maleevsk Ulba Shulbinsk Kazakhstan Oblast: 1 2 6 3 0 2 8 3 4 2 5 2 7 3 1 3 5 19 22 23 32 33 2 9 2 1 2 4 2 0

96 annexes

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in East-Kazakhstan Oblast Water Tariff Quality Length of Water Tariff № Populated Area Problem Type Cause of Problem Collection Grade* Pipelines (km) (KZT/m3) Rate (%) 1 Ust-Kamenogorsk 3 490 .50 9 .80 100 .00 purification system 2 Ayagoz, RC* 2 other 84 .15 18 .45 100 .00 has technical trouble purification system 3 Zaisan, RC* 2 other 58 .80 19 .00 95 .00 has technical trouble 4 Zyryanovsk, RC* 3 15 .40 1 .54 97 .00 5 Semipalatinsk 1 biological / metals secondary pollution 311 .00 8 .93 84 .70 purification system 6 Ridder 2 metals 124 .82 6 .69 100 .00 has technical trouble 7 Shemonaiha, RC* 3 8 .50 9 .79 90 .00 8 Serebryansk 2 metals secondary pollution 54 .00 18 .53 85 .00 9 Shar 3 44 .54 35 .00 7 00. 10 Kuhatov, RC* 2 other secondary pollution 99 .00 7 .70 90 .00 11 Glubokoe, RC* 3 31 .00 9 .82 90 .00 12 Aktogai 3 25 .00 48 .4 100 .00 13 Belagash 3 194 .1 97 .00 14 Zhezkent 3 58 .80 39 .66 100 .00 15 Altai 3 6 .0 8 .94 100 .00 16 Belousovka 3 28 .70 9 .89 100 .00 17 Verhneberezovsky 3  .10 11 .77 100 .00 18 Auezov 3 10 .00 18 .99 100 .00 19 Zhangistobe 3 - - - 20 Zharma 3 - - - 21 Suykbulak 3 - - purification system 22 Novaya Buhtarma 2 mineralization 26 .00 14 .48 78 .00 has technical trouble purification system 23 Oktyabrsky 2 biological / metals 8 .00 14 .48 78 .00 has technical trouble purification system 24 Pribrezhny 2 biological / other 25 .00 99 .00 90 .00 has technical trouble 25 Tugyl 3 34 .50 25 .00 86 .00 per ps; 1 .00 26 Molodezhny, RC* 3 4 .00 per m3 if water meter 75 .00 installed 27 Asubulak 3 – – – 28 Belogorsky 3 – – – biological / metals absence of water 29 Ognyevka 1 9 .0 /mineralization purification facilities 30 Pervomaisky 3 64 .60 84 .64 70 .00 31 Ust-Talovka 3 8 .50 9 .79 100 .00 32 Zubovka 3 14 .0 11 .1 100 .00 33 Maleevsk 3 – – – 34 Ulba 3 7 .50 35 Shulbinsk 3 15 .75 10 .50 89 .00 Total in East- 2,0 76. Kazakhstan Oblast: Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3; very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3; RC* – Rayon Center 97 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in East-Kazakhstan Oblast

Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps ./%) Availability Water Tariff Length of № Populated area of Sewerage (KZT/m3) Sewers (km) centralized system septic pit outdoor toilet Treatment*

1 Ust-Kamenogorsk 263,500 / 85 00. 46,501 / 15 .0 10 .55 M and B 398 .40

2 Ayagoz, RC* 4,953 / 1 00. 1,905 / 5 .0 31,239 / 8 .0  .10 M and B 20 .00

3 Zaisan, RC* 9,230 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

4 Zyryanovsk, RC* 27,020 / 65 .50 5,540 / 1 .4 8,740 / 21 .1 15 .0 M and B 97 .50

5 Semipalatinsk 132,103 / 54 60. 119,044 / 45 .4 7 .67 Мо 21 .7

6 Ridder 34,559 / 67 .0 4,200 / 8 . 12,591 / 24 .5 6 . M and B 65 .10

7 Shemonaiha, RC* 3,351 / 19 60. 855 / 5 .0 12,894 / 75 .4 8 .91 M and B 54 .70

8 Serebryansk 4,640 / 4 00. 6,160 / 57 .0  .41 M and B 26 .00

9 Shar 9,497 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 –

10 Kuhatov, RS* 9,894 / 99 90. 6 / 0 1. 8 .18 M and B 41 .50

11 Glubokoe, RC* 4,222 / 44 90. 5,178 / 55 .1 11 .48 M and B 26 .00

12 Aktogai 4,700 / 100 .0

13 Belagash 996 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

14 Zhezkent 7,065 / 67 .0 3,435 /  .7 11 .42 M and B 29 .40

15 Altai 1,848 / 79 66. 472 / 20 .4 8 .60 M and B  .50

16 Belousovka 3,654 / 38 10. 5,946 / 61 .9 11 .48 M and B 18 .90

17 Verhneberezovsky 2,800 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 –

18 Auezov 1,956 / 4 00. 2,700 / 58 .0 0 8 .10

19 Zhangistobe 5,200 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

20 Zharma 1,279 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

21 Suykbulak 91 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 –

22 Novaya Buhtarma 3,830 / 47 90. 4,170 / 5 .1 11 .75 M and B 18 .90

23 Oktyabrsky 227 / 11 . 1,778 / 88 .7 11 .75 0 –

24 Pribrezhny 300 / 27 .0 690 / 6 .7 110 / 10 .0 195 .00 Мо 4 .00

25 Tugyl 500 / 6 .70 6,950 / 9 . 0  .00

26 Molodezhny, RC* 2,094 / 6 50. 1,206 / 36 .5 86 .00/ps M and B 18 .00

27 Asubulak 4,160 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 –

28 Belogorsky 554 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

 .1 – do not 29 Ognyevka 928 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 operate

30 Pervomaisky 1,460 / 28 1,105 / 21 . 2,649 / 50 .8 66 .0 0 16 .50

31 Ust-Talovka 10,000 / 100 8 .91 M and B 54 .70

32 Zubovka 2,500 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 –

33 Maleevsk 2,119 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 –

34 Ulba 2,777 / 46 . 3,223 / 5 7. Мо 4 .60

35 Shulbinsk 2,217 / 6 .4 364 / 10 .4 919 / 26 . 10 .56 M and B 18 .00

Total in East-Kazakhstan Oblast: 521,943 / 60 9. 14,892 / 1 7. 319,959 / 37 .4 1,141 .0

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities; RC* – Rayon Center

98 annexes Service water supply water supply needs replacement water supply system water supply system water supply system network and facilities interrupted water supply interrupted water supply interrupted water supply water imported by vehicles water imported by vehicles water imported by vehicles 60% of water pipe network 65% of water pipe network high level of depreciation nonoperational condition of nonoperational condition of nonoperational condition of 47,5% of water pipe network Main Reason for Low Level of needs replacement, interrupted needs replacement, interrupted low low low low low low low high high high Service Level of medium medium medium medium medium medium other delivered 6, 2 84 / 1 . 5 1, 3 84 / 100 1,468 / 100 1,100 / 100 2 , 332 / 11 . 9 well 100 100 5,51 2 / 1, 22 0 / 880 / 100 7,61 2 / 1 . 8 pipe 4  . 9 Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) 184, 3 8 / 71 3 / 100 980 / 100 6, 2 7 / 32 2 ,5 33 / 100 1,4 2 0 / 100 3 ,880 / 100 1,895 / 11 . 7,84 2 / 81 . 4 14 2 ,998 / 44 15,850 / 4  . common stand centralized 1,851 / 18 . 6 18 3 , 1 2 / 56 14,871 / 88 . 7 10,996 / 56 . 1 2 0,85 / 56 . 8 / 5  . 9 / 23 1,88 2 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 9,69 3 / 100 1,4 2 0 / 100 3 ,880 / 100 3 6,70 2 / 100 32 6, 3 10 / 100 3 86,005 / 89 . 8 Population having permanent ( 2 4 hrs) of good quality (ps . /%) access to drinking water 980 / 100 71 3 / 100 3 0, 2 60 / 7 intermittent 2 ,5 33 / 100 9, 2 68 / 86 . 7 water (ps . /%) 16,766 / 100 (limited) access to Population having 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / (ps . /%) 71 3 / 100 980 / 100 Population 9,69 3 / 100 1,4 2 0 / 100 3 ,880 / 100 2 ,5 33 / 100 9, 2 68 / 86 . 7 3 6,70 2 / 100 16,766 / 100 having access 32 6, 3 10 / 100 to water supply 65 / 96 . 8 / 416, 2 65 Populated Area Taraz Zhanatas, RC* Karatau, RC* Shu Gvardeisky Lugovoi Granotogorsk Oital Akbakai Aksuek Mirny Mynaral Hantau Shiganak Tasotkel Koktal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 10 11 14 15 16 1 3 Total in Zhambyl Oblast: Data on Access to G ood Quality of Drinking Water Urban Population in Z hambyl O blast

99 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in Zhambyl Oblast

Quality Length of Water Tariff Water Tariff № Populated Area Problem Type Cause of Problem Grade* Pipelines (km) (KZT/m3) Collection Rate (%) 1 Taraz 3 416 .6 8 .8 81 secondary pollution 2 Zhanatas, RC* 2 other 141 .1 7 .40 100 of water 3 Karatau, RC* 3 96 .0 10 .50 75 4 Shu 3 1 .0 17 .80 95 5 Gvardeisky 3 0 .0 0 .00 0 6 Lugovoi 3 34 .4 29 .00 68 7 Granotogorsk 3 11 .6 74 .68 75 8 Oital 3 5 .5 74 .68 75 9 Akbakai 3 0 .0 10 Aksuek 3 40 .0 120 .00 100 11 Mirny 3 0 .0 biological/ absence of water 12 Mynaral 1 1 .8 mineralization/metals purification facilities 13 Hantau 3  .5 biological/ absence of water 14 Shiganak 2 19 .0 mineralization/metals purification facilities 15 Tasotkel 3 0 .0 0 .00 0 16 Koktal 3 0 .0 0 .00 0 Total in Zhambyl Oblast: 89 .5

Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3; very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3; RC* – Rayon Center. Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in Zhambyl Oblast

Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps /%). Availability Water Tariff Length of № Populated area of Sewerage (KZT/m3) Sewers (km) centralized system septic pit outdoor toilet Treatment* 1 Taraz 99,288 / 30 .4 227,022 / 69 6. 4 .00 0 26 .7 2 Zhanatas, RC* 14,871 / 88 7. 1,895 / 11 . 4 .70 M and B 55 . 3 Karatau, RC* 9,878 / 50 4. 200 / 1 0. 9,522 / 48 .6 4 .84 M and B 46 .0 4 Shu 19,048 / 51 9. 8,288 /  .6 9,366 / 25 .5 15 .60 M 54 .7 5 Gvardeisky 5,512 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0 6 Lugovoi 9,693 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0 7 Granotogorsk 1,420 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0 8 Oital 3,880 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0 9 Akbakai 1,384 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0 10 Aksuek 1,468 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0 11 Mirny 1,100 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0 12 Mynaral 714 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0 13 Hantau 980 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0 14 Shiganak 2,533 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0 15 Tasotkel 880 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0 16 Koktal 1,220 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0 Total in Zhambyl Oblast: 143,085 /  . 8,488 /  0. 278,589 / 64 .7 418 .7

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities; RC* – Rayon Center 100 annexes facilities of Service terms of network terms of network needs replacement, needs replacement, of water supply system in terms of network and interrupted water supply interrupted water supply high level of depreciation nonoperational condition Main Reason for Low Level 80% of water pipe network 40% of water pipe network high level of depreciation in high level of depreciation in low low low high Service Level of medium medium medium other delivered well 4, 3 15 / 1 . 6 1,516 / 100 2 ,799 / 9  . 1 pipe by Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) 2 ,7 3 8 / 3 ,54 / 100 1,97 3 / 8 . 9 15, 3 56 / 7 . 2 ,940 / 1 . 2 6,550 / 10 . common stand 2 08 / 6 . 9 centralized 3 1,48 2 / 9 3 ,10 2 / 61 . 1 10,846 / 78 . 7 22 9,709 / 88 . 184,071 / 9  . 0 / 5,075 / 100 3 4, 22 0 / 100 1 3 ,786 / 100 water of good quality (ps . /%) 199,4 2 7 / 100 2 5 ,508 / 96 . 9 Population having access to drinking permanent ( 2 4 hrs) having 2 08 / 6 . 9 Population 3 ,751 / 1 . 4 intermittent 3 ,54 / 100 (limited) access to water (ps . /%) water to 0 / (ps . /%)

2 08 / 6 . 9 Population 5,075 / 100 3 ,54 / 100 3 4, 22 0 / 100 1 3 ,786 / 100 having access 199,4 2 7 / 100 to water supply 59 / 98 . / 2 56, 59 Total in West- Populated Area Uralsk Aksai, RC* Derkul Zachagansk Krugloozernoe Burlin Zhelayevo Kazakhstan Oblast 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 № Data on Access to G ood Quality of Drinking Water Urban Population in West-Kazakhstan O blast Note*: RC* – Rayon Center 101 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in West-Kazakhstan Oblast

Quality Problem Length of Water Tariff Water Tariff № Populated Area Cause of Problem Grade* Type Pipelines (km) (KZT/m3) Collection Rate (%)

1 Uralsk 3 344 .0 14 .0 100 .0

2 Aksai, RC* 3 11 .7 41 .6 95 .0

3 Derkul 3 39 .0 14 .0 100 .0

4 Zachagansk 3 48 .8 14 .0 100 .0

5 Krugloozernoe 3 4 .6 subsidy 100 .0

6 Burlin 3  .0 34 .0 100 .0

no agency responsible for 7 Zhelayevo 2 other 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 water quality monitoring

Total in West-Kazakhstan 55 .1 Oblast:

Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3; very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3; RC* – Rayon Center .

Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in West-Kazakhstan Oblast

Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps ./%) Availability Populated Water Tariff № centralized 3 of Sewerage Length of Sewers (km) Area septic pit outdoor toilet (KZT/m ) system Treatment*

1 Uralsk 169,707 / 85 1. 1,210 / 0 6. 28,510 / 14 . 1 .18 M and B 306

2 Aksai, RC* 16,426 / 48 0. 7,460 / 21 8. 10,334 / 30 . 31 .00 M and B 37

accounted in the assets of 3 Derkul 2,004 / 39 5. 3,071 / 60 .5 1 .18 M and B State Communal Enterprise “Oral Su Arnasy”

accounted in the assets of 4 Zachagansk 7,413 / 5 .8 6,373 / 46 . 1 .18 M and B State Communal Enterprise “Oral Su Arnasy”

5 Krugloozernoe 3,543 / 100 0 .00 0 0

6 Burlin 3,007 / 100 0 .00 0 0

7 Zhelayevo 1,516 / 100 0 .00 0 0

Total in West- 195,550 / 75 0. 8,670 /  . 56,354 / 21 7. 343 Kazakhstan Oblast:

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities; RC* – Rayon Center

102 annexes 1 3 Service terms of network needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement, interrupted water supply interrupted water supply interrupted water supply 80% of water pipe network 70% of water pipe network 77% of water pipe network 4 2 % of water pipe network high level of depreciation in high level of depreciation in high level of depreciation in high level of depreciation in needs replacement – 6 3 km 15 . 4% of water pipe network 3 6 . 6% of water pipe network Main Reason for Low Level of needs replacement – 3 7 . km terms of network and facilities terms of network and facilities terms of network and facilities, 1 2 low high high high high

Service Level of medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium other

11 delivered 10 1 . 1  . 4 2 10 / 1, 3 00 / 9 0 . well 860 / 100 . 0 / 69 . 1 11, 2 7 3 6,810 / 8 pipe town 600 /  . 1 899 / 1 . 9 4 2 5 /  . 6 3 00 / 1 . 2 , 3 97 / 0 8,409 / 80 2 ,555 / 4 . 8 4, 3 50 / 5 . 8 2 ,44 3 /  . 6 1, 3 67 /  . 6 data of Abai 400 / 100 . 0 2 ,700 / 5 . 7 accounted in 2 6, 3 50 / 15 . 6 common stand Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) 7 town 2 ,101 / 0 5,59 2 / 70 centralized data of Abai 4,608 / 2 8 . 6,500 / 61 . 9 accounted in 18,641 / 95 . 8 50,749 / 95 . 70,1 2 0 / 94 . 46,401 / 98 . 1 64,861 / 96 . 4 51,194 / 97 . 4 23 ,900 / 98 . 8 4 2 9,507 / 99 . 8 14 3 ,650 / 84 . 5 6 400 / 100 . 0 5,0 33 / 3 0 . 9 water of good 7,989 / 100 . 0 quality (ps . /%) 4 2 9,507 / 99 . 8 10,510 / 100 . 0 5 3 , 04 / 100 . 0 74,470 / 100 . 0 47, 3 00 / 100 . 0 67, 3 04 / 100 . 0 170,000 / 100 . 0 Population having access to drinking permanent ( 2 4 hrs) 5 having Population intermittent 400 / 100 . 0 9, 2 00 / 87 . 6 2 4, 01 / 100 . 0 (limited) access to water (ps . /%) water to 4 100 . 0 having 170,000 / Population 400 / 100 . 0 5,0 33 / 3 0 . 9 water (ps . /%) hrs) access to 19, 2 41 / 98 . 9 7,989 / 100 . 0 permanent ( 2 4 4 2 9,507 / 99 . 8 10,510 / 100 . 0 5 3 , 04 / 100 . 0 74,470 / 100 . 0 47, 3 00 / 100 . 0 67, 3 04 / 100 . 0 5 2 ,561 / 100 . 0 3 0 / town 100 . 0 (ps . /%) 170,000 / Population data of Abai 400 / 100 . 0 9, 2 00 / 87 . 6 5,0 33 / 3 0 . 9 accounted in having access 19, 2 41 / 98 . 9 7,989 / 100 . 0 to water supply 4 2 9,507 / 99 . 8 2 4, 00 / 100 . 0 10,510 / 100 . 0 5 3 , 04 / 100 . 0 74,470 / 100 . 0 47, 3 00 / 100 . 0 67, 3 04 / 100 . 0 5 2 ,561 / 100 . 0 2 Populated Area Karaganda Abai, RC* Karkaralinsk, RC* Balkhash Zheskazgan Karazhal Saran Satpaev Temirtau Schakhtinsk Priozersk Atasu, RC* Kievka, RC* Osakarovka, RC* Izumrudny Karabas 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 1 3 10 11 14 15 16 Data on Access to Drinking Water of G ood Quality Urban Population in Karaganda O blast 103 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 1 3 terms of facilities needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement, needs replacement, water supply system interrupted water supply interrupted water supply interrupted water supply interrupted water supply interrupted water supply 70% of water pipe network 70% of water pipe network 65% of water pipe network 70% of water pipe network 40% of water pipe network 81% of water pipe network 6 3 % of water pipe network high level of depreciation in nonoperational condition of 1 2 low low high high high high medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium 11 100 . 0 1,4 23 / 10 9 81 . 7 1, 22 6 / 8 1 2 5 / 3 969 / 2 5 in data of 4,788 / 9 2 accounted 91 3 / 100 . 0 865 / 100 . 0 1,89 2 / 86 . 1 3 ,1 5 / 64 . 0 6, 2 75 / 76 . 8 2 ,00 3 / 100 . 0 Karaganda city 7 system 416 / 8 in data of 4,075 / 97 2 ,909 / 75 3 06 / 1  . 9 2 74 / 18 . accounted 701 / 100 . 0 1,76 3 / 6 . 0 1,895 /  . water supply has access to 9,700 / 100 . 0 2 ,900 / 100 . 0 6,400 / 100 . 0 1,969 / 100 . 0 Karaganda city 5,100 . 0 / 100 6 2 74 / 18 . 2 ,198 / 100 . 0 9,700 / 100 . 0 2 ,900 / 100 . 0 4, 2 00 / 100 . 0 5, 2 04 / 100 . 0 6,400 / 100 . 0 4,898 / 100 . 0 2 ,00 3 / 100 . 0 8,170 / 100 . 0 of Karaganda city accounted in data 5 865 / 100 . 0 1,969 / 100 . 0 3 ,878 / 100 . 0 5,100 . 0 / 100 4 in data of 2 74 / 18 . accounted 701 / 100 . 0 91 3 / 100 . 0 2 ,198 / 100 . 0 9,700 / 100 . 0 2 ,900 / 100 . 0 4, 2 00 / 100 . 0 5, 2 04 / 100 . 0 6,400 / 100 . 0 4,898 / 100 . 0 2 ,00 3 / 100 . 0 8,170 / 100 . 0 Karaganda city 3 / in data of 2 74 / 18 . accounted 701 / 100 . 0 865 / 100 . 0 91 3 / 100 . 0 2 ,198 / 100 . 0 9,700 / 100 . 0 2 ,900 / 100 . 0 1,969 / 100 . 0 4, 2 00 / 100 . 0 5, 2 04 / 100 . 0 6,400 / 100 . 0 4,898 / 100 . 0 2 ,00 3 / 100 . 0 8,170 / 100 . 0 3 ,878 / 100 . 0 Karaganda city 5,100 . 0 / 100 2 G . Mustafin Tipar Yuzhny Saryshagab Shashubai Kushoky Kyzylzhar Karagaily Shubarkol Molodezhny Aktas Zhezdi Karasakpai Agadyr Akzhal Akchatau Daryinsky Nizhni Kairakty 1 2 6 2 0 2 1 2 8 3 4 2 4 2 7 3 0 3 1 17 18 19 22 23 32 33 2 5 2 9

104 annexes 1 3 is not available terms of network terms of network terms of network terms of network terms of facilities needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement, needs replacement, been put into operation interrupted water supply interrupted water supply interrupted water supply 70% of water pipe network 85% of water pipe network 7 2 % of water pipe network high level of depreciation in high level of depreciation in high level of depreciation in high level of depreciation in high level of depreciation in water supply system has not 100 . 0% of water pipe network adequate water quality control 1 2 low low low high high high medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium 11 / 0 . 1 1,4 23 10 0 . 1 1,510 / 9 11 . 1  . 8 65 . /  . 9 785 / 3 09 / 100 . 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 32 ,0 33 4,050 / 1,118 / 1, 3 00 / 4, 3 0 2 / 8 town 8 3 4 / 2 0 740 / 2 0 1, 2 84 / 1 609 / 100 . 0 700 / 100 . 0 400 / 100 . 0 3 4 / 100 . 0 746 / 100 . 0 8 2 ,996 / 7 . 5 accounted in 3 ,180 / 100 . 0 data of Satpaev 7 town 3 , 33 6 / 80 2 ,960 / 80 2 , 98 / 3 4 . 8 4,054 / 66 . 8,88 2 / 88 . 8 accounted in 9,800 / 100 . 0 987,56 2 / 89 . data of Satpaev 6 0 / 0 / 0 / 609 / 100 . 0 700 / 100 . 0 400 / 100 . 0 746 / 100 . 0 5, 33 8 / 87 . 4,170 / 100 . 0 3 ,700 / 100 . 0 9,800 / 100 . 0 997, 3 69 / 90 . of Satpaev town accounted in data 5 3 4 / 100 . 0 8,88 2 / 88 . 8 58,018 / 5 . 4 3 ,180 / 100 . 0 4 91 . 0 / 0 / 0 / town 1,01 2 ,5 3 7 / 609 / 100 . 0 700 / 100 . 0 400 / 100 . 0 746 / 100 . 0 5, 33 8 / 87 . 2 , 98 / 3 4 . 8 accounted in 4,170 / 100 . 0 3 ,700 / 100 . 0 9,800 / 100 . 0 data of Satpaev 3 96 . 8 0 / 0 / 0 / town 1,070,558 / 609 / 100 . 0 700 / 100 . 0 400 / 100 . 0 3 4 / 100 . 0 746 / 100 . 0 5, 33 8 / 87 . 2 , 98 / 3 4 . 8 8,88 2 / 88 . 8 accounted in 3 ,180 / 100 . 0 4,170 / 100 . 0 3 ,700 / 100 . 0 9,800 / 100 . 0 data of Satpaev 2 Oblast: S . Seifullin Verhni Kairakty Moiynty Gulshat Konyrat Sayak Shugys Konyrat Zhairem Zhambyl Aktas Zheskazgan Aktau Dolinsky Novodolinsky Botakara (Ulyanovsky) Shakhan Total in Karaganda 1 3 7 3 6 40 41 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 4 3 3 8 3 9 4 2 3 5

105 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in Karaganda Oblast

Water Tariff Quality Length of Pipelines Water Tariff № Populated Area Problem Type Cause of Problem Collection Grade* (km) (KZT/m3) Rate (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Karaganda 3 1,0 00. 27 .7 98 .

biological/ secondary pollution 2 Abai, RC* 2 57 .80 30 . 78 .9 metals of water

3 Karkaralinsk, RC* 3 29 .10 54 .1 100 .0

4 Balkhash 3 165 .00 14 . 100 .0

purification system 5 Zheskazgan 2 mineralization 297 .0 1 .5 100 .0 has technical trouble

6 Karazhal 3 138 .00 6 . 100 .0

7 Saran 3 235 .00 20 .8 100 .0

8 Satpaev 3 511 .00 8 . 100 .0

18 .58 -LLP ”Nijni 9 temirtau 3 201 .00 Byef”; 31 88. – LLP 98 . “Okzhetpes”

10 Schakhtinsk 3 104 .60 27 .6 98 .7

purification system 11 Priozersk 2 other 30 .60 84 .8 100 .0 has technical trouble

12 Atasu, RC* 3 57 .70 24 .7 100 .0

13 Kievka, RC* 3 25 .00 0 .0 0 .0

14 Osakarovka, RC* 3 79 .00 35 .0 50 .0

15 Izumrudny 3 6 .00 14 .0 9 .0

biological/ secondary pollution 16 Karabas 2 10 .00 15 .4 80 .0 metals of water

17 Tipar 3 20 .00 1 .4 100 .0

18 Yuzhny 3 19 .00 14 .5 100 .0

19 Saryshagab 3 15 .50 11 .4

20 Shashubai 3 16 .50 16 .8

21 Kushoky 3 47 .00 21 .8 100 .0

22 Gabiden Mustafin 3 9 .60 11 . 100 .0

23 Kyzylzhar 3 5 .00 44 .7 100 .0

24 Karagaily 3 1 .80 60 .0 100 .0

25 Shubarkol 3

26 Molodezhny 3 38 .40 29 .0 95 .0

accounted in assets 27 Aktas 3 27 .7 98 . of Karaganda city

28 Zhezdi 3  .00 8 . 100 .0

29 Karasakpai 3 15 .00 27 .5 90 .0

30 Agadyr 3 60 .00 30 .5 100 .0

31 Akzhal 3 20 .00 9 . 100 .0

absence of water 32 Akchatau 2 metals – 0 .0 0 .0 purification facilities

33 Daryinsky 3 5 .50 48 . 76 .0

106 annexes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 biological/ absence of water 34 Nizhni Kairakty 2  .00  . 100 .0 other purific ation facilities

35 Verhni Kairakty 3 6 .00 48 . 100 .0

36 Moiynty 3 56 .40 126 .6 76 .0

37 S . Seifullin 3 – 0 .0 0 .0

38 Gulshat 3 30 .1 100 .0

39 Konyrat 3 31 .00 30 .1 100 .0

40 Sayak 3 18 .00 30 .1 100 .0

41 Shugys Konyrat 3 30 .1 100 .0

42 Zhairem 3 170 .0 36 . 100 .0

43 Zhambyl 3 – 0 .0 0 .0

44 Aktas 3  .00  . 100 .0

accounted in assets 45 Zheskazgan 3 8 . 100 .0 of Satpaev city

46 Aktau 3  .40 4 . 8 0.

47 Dolinsky 3 – 0 .0 0 .0

secondary pollution 48 Novodolinsky 2 metals/ other 21 .50 28 .0 90 .0 of water

49 Botakara 3 7 .50  .0 100 .0

secondary pollution 50 Shakhan 2 metals/ other 31 .0 49 .6 97 .0 of water

Total in Karaganda Oblast: 3,819 60.

Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3; very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3; RC* – Rayon Center

107 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in Karaganda Oblast

Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps /%). Water Availability Length of Sewers № Populated Area Tariff of Sewerage (km) centralized system septic pit outdoor toilet (KZT/m3) Treatment* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Karaganda 367,965 / 85 5. 13,771 /  . 48,638 / 11 . 21 .73 M and B 6 .00

2 Abai, RC* 23,900 / 98 8. 300 / 1 . 19 .49 M and B 5 .70

3 Karkaralinsk, RC* 1,577 / 15 0. 524 / 5 .0 8,409 / 80 .0 5 .60 0 11 .80

4 Balkhash 48,524 / 91 0. 2,555 / 4 .8 2,225 / 4 . 7 .99 0 157 .00

5 Zheskazgan 62,517 / 8 9. 11,953 / 16 1. 4 .95 M and B 25 .75

6 Karazhal 5,250 / 50 .0 2,100 / 20 .0 3,150 / 30 .0 18 .66 0 8 .0

7 Saran 43,138 / 91 . 4,162 / 8 9.  .9 M and B 60 .70

8 Satpaev 60,245 / 89 5. 953 / 1 .4 6,106 / 9 .1 7 .8 М 269 .00

9 temirtau 126,694 / 74 5. 43,306 / 25 6. 21 .73 M and B 288 .70

10 Schakhtinsk 19,553 / 37 . 1,787 /  .4 31,221 / 59 4. 27 .84 M and B 96 .0

11 Priozersk 18,641 / 95 8. 810 / 4 . 101 .44 0 4 .50

12 Atasu, RC* 2,609 / 16 0. 13,697 / 84 .0 40 .73 М 10 .00

13 Kievka, RC* 6,810 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 –

14 Osakarovka, RC* 82 / 1 .0 3,196 / 40 .0 4,711 / 59 .0 0 11 .40

15 Izumrudny 400 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

16 Karabas 2,400 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 –

17 Tipar / / /

18 Yuzhny 2,900 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 –

19 Saryshagab / / /

20 Shashubai / / /

21 Kushoky 1,175 / 28 0. 30,25 / 7 .0 10 .44 0 7 .00

22 Gabiden Mustafin 306 / 1 9. 1,892 / 86 .1 0  .0

23 Kyzylzhar 1,500 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 –

24 Karagaily 260 / 5 0. 156 /  .0 4,788 / 9 .0  .00 0 1 .00

25 Shubarkol / / /

26 Molodezhny 5,600 / 87 5. 800 / 1 .5 0 4 .15

accounted in data accounted in data accounted in data accounted in assets 27 Aktas 21 .73 M and B of Karaganda city of Karaganda city of Karaganda city of Karaganda city

accounted in data accounted in data accounted in data accounted in assets 28 Zhezdi 7 .8 M of Satpaev town of Satpaev town of Satpaev town of Satpaev town

29 Karasakpai 2,003 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

30 Agadyr 1,705 / 20 8. 487 / 6 .0 5,978 / 7 . 19 .0 M 17 .50

31 Akzhal 2,909 / 75 0. 969 / 25 .0 11 .5 0 25 .00

32 Akchatau 1,423 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

33 Daryinsky 865 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

34 Nizhni Kairakty 913 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

35 Verhni Kairakty 609 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

36 Moiynty 3,180 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 –

37 S . Seifullin 1,300 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

108 annexes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 38 Gulshat 700 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

39 Konyrat 3,336 / 80 0. 834 / 20 0. 7 .99 B 25 .00

40 Sayak 2,960 / 80 0. 740 / 20 0. 8 .99 B 1 .00

41 Shugys Konyrat 400 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

42 Zhairem 5,500 / 56 0. 4,300 / 44 0. 16 .1 0  .80

43 Zhambyl 309 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 –

44 Aktas 343 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 –

accounted in data accounted in data accounted in data accounted in assets 45 Zheskazgan 7 .8 M of Satpaev town of Satpaev town of Satpaev town of Satpaev town

46 Aktau 3,515 / 57 4. 1,658 / 27 .1 950 / 15 .5 18 .66 M and B 1 .40

47 Dolinsky 4,050 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 –

48 Novodolinsky 1,882 / 28 5. 2,709 / 41 2,009 / 30 .5 5 .9 0 9 .0

Botakara 49 746 / 100 0. 0 .00 0 – (Ulyanovsky)

50 Shakhan 7,650 / 76 5. 2,350 /  5. 18 .66 M and B 20 .00

Total in Karaganda 817,493 / 7 .9 37,387 /  4. 250,645 /  .7 2 174 .0 Oblast:

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities, RC* – Rayon Center

109 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 1 3 facilities of Service replacement replacement replacement replacement replacement replacement water supply network needs network needs network needs network needs network needs network needs 60,7% of water 56 . 1% of water 70% of water pipe 60% of water pipe 11% of water pipe 70% of water pipe 80% of water pipe 77% of water pipe pipe network needs pipe network needs via distribution centers replacement – 3 7 . 6 km in terms of network and interrupted water supply interrupted water supply replacement, interrupted high level of depreciation Main Reason for Low Level 1 2

Service Level of medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium other 11 10 delivered 9 well 60 / 1 1,150 / 9 . 5 6,500 / 2 0 . 7 8 common stand pipe 3 ,766 / 32 3 , 2 01 / 40 1,680 / 5 . 4,019 / 4 . 1 2 ,600 / 60 Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) 5,504 / 89 . 9 8,700 / 7  . 5 10, 3 50 / 100 10,651 / 3 8 . 33 ,4 22 / 16 . 5 7 8  . 5 560 / 9 . 1 169,1 3 7 / 8,00 2 / 68 8,400 / 40 2 ,159 / 18 4,80 2 / 60 centralized 23 , 3 45 / 74 3 8, 2 54 / 100 17, 2 08 / 61 . 8 88,957 / 95 . 7 6 6,064 / 99 11,768 / 100 9 2 ,976 / 100 2 1,000 / 100 water of good 2 5,0 5 / 79 . quality (ps . /%) 2 0 ,559 / 100 Population having access to drinking permanent ( 2 4 hrs) 5 having Population intermittent 8,00 3 / 100 10, 3 50 / 100 10,859 / 90 . 5 (limited) access to water (ps . /%) water to 4 having 6,064 / 99 Population water (ps . /%) 11,768 / 100 2 7,859 / 100 3 8, 2 54 / 100 9 2 ,976 / 100 2 1,000 / 100 hrs) access to 2 5,0 5 / 79 . 2 0, 559 / 100 permanent ( 2 4 3 to water 6,064 / 99 Population 8,00 3 / 100 2 7,859 / 100 3 8, 2 54 / 100 9 2 ,976 / 100 2 1,000 / 100 10, 3 50 / 100 11,768 / 100 having access 2 5,0 5 / 79 . 10,859 / 90 . 5 supply (ps . /%) 2 0 ,559 / 100 2 Populated Area Kostanai Zhetikara, RC* Arkalyk Lisakovsk Rudny Karabalyk, RC* Zatobolsk, RC* Borovsky, RC* Sarykol, RC* Fedorovka, RC* Amankaragai, RC* 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 Data on Access to Drinking Water of G ood Quality Urban Population in Kostanai O blast 110 annexes 1 3 facilities replacement replacement replacement replacement network needs network needs 67 . 7% of water 60% of water pipe 70% of water pipe pipe network needs pipe network needs in terms of water intake in terms of water intake facilities, 100% of water interrupted water supply high level of depreciation high level of depreciation 1 2 low medium medium medium medium medium 11 10 0 . 6 100 2 ,670 / 2 ,811 / 141 /  . 7 9 in data of accounted 10 3 91 /  . 1 2 ,681 / 3 5 . 6 Zhetikara city 8 2 71 / 7 . in data of 3 5 6 / 40 accounted 98,867 / 2 0 1,167 / 15 . 5 Zhetikara city 7 77 . in data of 3 8 2 ,65 / 5 3 04 / 60 accounted 9,487 / 100 3 ,68 2 / 48 . 9 3 , 56 / 89 . 1 Zhetikara city 6 0 / 4,849 / 64 . 4 3 ,6 2 7 / 96 . 3 6,7868 / 74 . 4 5 8,840 / 100 3 8,05 2 / 7 . 4 89 . 6 0 / 44 3 ,468 / 9,487 / 100 4,849 / 64 . 4 3 ,6 2 7 / 96 . 3 97 . 0 / in data of 481,5 2 0 / accounted 8840 / 100 9,487 / 100 4,849 / 64 . 4 3 ,6 2 7 / 96 . Zhetikara city 2 Kushmurun Prigorodny Tobol Troebratsky Oktyabrsky Kachar 1 1 2 1 3 14 15 16 17 Total in Kostanai Oblast: Note*: RC* – Rayon Center 111 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in Kostanai Oblast

Quality Problem Length of Pipelines Water Tariff Water Tariff № Populated Area Cause of Problem Grade* Type (km) (KZT/m3) Collection Rate (%)

1 Kostanai 3 420 .60 16 .40 100 .00

2 Zhetikara, RC* 3 94 .91 19 .16 100 .00

biological / purification system 3 Arkalyk 2 208 .10 21 .75 100 .00 metals has technical trouble

secondary pollution 4 Lisakovsk 2 other 96 .80 19 .55 100 .00 of water

biological / secondary pollution 5 Rudny 2 360 .80 16 .05 100 .00 metals of water

6 Karabalyk, RC* 3 159 .50 107 .00 9 .00

7 Zatobolsk, RC* 3 39 .50 45 .10 96 .00

8 Borovsky, RC* 3 4 .00 39 .00 90 .00

9 Sarykol, RC* 3 19 .80 250 .00 100 .00

10 Fedorovka, RC* 3 5 .70 66 .00 77 .00

11 Amankaragai, RC* 3 11 .00 6 .60 88 .00

12 Kushmurun 3 50 .00 6 .60 88 .00

13 Prigorodny 3 7 .0 19 .16 100 .00

14 Tobol 3 58 .00 5 . 80 .00

30 .00 do not operate biological / 15 Troebratsky 2 due to emergency metals conditions

16 Oktyabrsky 3 37 .58 19 .55 100 .00

biological / purification system 17 Kachar 2 9 .00 16 .05 100 .00 other has technical trouble

Total in Kostanai Oblast 1 781 .50

Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3; very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3; RC* – Rayon Center

112 annexes

Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in Kostanai Oblast

Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps /%). Availability Water Tariff Length of Sewers № Populated Area of Sewerage (KZT/m3) (km) centralized system septic pit outdoor toilet Treatment*

1 Kostanai 143,007 / 70 6. 10,533 / 5 . 49,019 / 24 . 15 .92 М 300 .9

2 Zhetikara, RC* 21,530 / 68 . 1,945 / 6 . 8,050 / 25 .5 1 .02 M and B 70 .6

3 Arkalyk 17,208 / 61 8. 1,846 / 6 .6 8,805 / 31 .6 1 .19 М 148 .1

4 Lisakovsk 38,254 / 100 0.  .58 M and B 7 .

5 Rudny 86,307 / 9 8. 4,388 / 4 7. 2,281 /  .5 15 .5 M and B 228 .1

6 Karabalyk, RC* 11,768 / 100 .0 0 0 0 .0

7 Zatobolsk, RC* 6,800 /  4. 14,200 / 67 6. 55 . М 27 .4

8 Borovsky, RC* 12,009 / 100 .0 0 0 0 .0

9 Sarykol, RC* 10,350 / 100 0. 0 0 0 .0

10 Fedorovka, RC* 6,124 / 100 0. 0 0 0 .0

11 Amankaragai, RC* 3,443 / 4 0. 4,562 / 57 .0 45 . М 27 .0

accounted in assets 12 Kushmurun 3,801 / 4 0. 5,039 / 57 .0 46 . М of Amankarai village

accounted accounted accounted in data accounted in assets 13 Prigorodny in data of in data of 1 .02 M and B of Zhetikara town of Zhetikara town Zhetikara town Zhetikara town

14 Tobol 2,547 /  8. 1,071 / 14 . 3,912 / 5 0.  .49 M and B 26 .5

15 Troebratsky 2,670 / 100 .0 0 0 0 .0

16 Oktyabrsky 2,169 / 57 6. 780 / 20 .7 819 / 21 .7  .58 B 8 .

17 Kachar 9,449 / 99 6. 9 / 0 1. 29 / 0 . 15 .5 M and B 44 .4

Total in Kostanai Oblast: 334,515 / 67 6. 20,572 / 4 . 139,637 / 28 . 95 .5

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities, RC* – Rayon Center

113 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan Service water supply water supply water supply needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement facilities however are 4 . 5 km of network were interrupted water supply constructed as temporary depreciation of network by 40% of water pipe network 3 0% of water pipe network 60% of water pipe network 48% of water pipe network 81% of water pipe network 4 2 % of water pipe network 9 3 % of water pipe network high level of depreciation in 100% of water pipe network Main Reason for Low Level of terms of network and facilities 80%; interrupted water supply needs replacement, interrupted needs replacement, interrupted needs replacement, interrupted maintained on permanent basis low high high high

Service Level of medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium other delivered 7,491 / 2 4 . 4,115 / 1  . 7 11,606 /  . well 66 . 6 14,460 / 184 / 1 . 1,1 32 / 1 3 9,087 / 3 0 . 4, 3 67 /  . 5 4,188 / 2 4 . 8 33 ,418 / 9 . 3 0 . 1 common 109, 2 94 / stand pipe 7,578 / 87 2 ,0 3 0 / 70 Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) 7, 2 40 /  . 4 7,076 / 88 . 5 1,780 / 3 1 . 7 6,8 2 0 / 40 . 5 10,800 / 100 15,569 / 50 . 5 1 2 ,781 / 91 . 2 0,704 / 67 . 4 16,916 / 11 . 1 88 . 9 57 . 5 871 / 3 0 14 2 , 84 / 2 08,900 / 9 2 4 / 11 . 5 centralized 1,0 3 5 / 7 . 4 1,500 / 100 2 ,8 3 9 / 100 7,769 / 2 5 . 3 ,840 / 68 . 5,848 / 3 4 . 7 16,877 / 56 . 1 15,080 / 77 . 5 10,0 33 /  . 6 5,6 2 0 / 100 2 ,8 3 9 / 100 2 ,901 / 100 1,500 / 100 3 0,7 7 / 100 10,800 / 100 water of good 15,080 / 77 . 5 1 2 ,668 / 75 . 8 2 ,145 /  . 6 quality (ps . /%) Population having access to drinking permanent ( 2 4 hrs) having 7,578 / 87 Population intermittent 8,000 / 100 7, 2 40 /  . 4 23 , 33 8 / 75 . 7 1 3 ,816 / 98 . 7 59,97 2 / 16 . 5 (limited) access to water (ps . /%) water to 71 . 1 having 2 58, 222 / Population 5,6 2 0 / 100 2 ,8 3 9 / 100 2 ,901 / 100 1,500 / 100 water (ps . /%) 3 0,7 7 / 100 10,800 / 100 hrs) access to 16,877 / 56 . 1 15,080 / 77 . 5 1 2 ,668 / 75 . 159, 2 00 / 100 permanent ( 2 4 100 87 . 6 to water 159, 2 00 / 3 18,194 / 7,578 / 87 Population 5,6 2 0 / 100 2 ,8 3 9 / 100 2 ,901 / 100 8,000 / 100 1,500 / 100 7, 2 40 /  . 4 3 0,7 7 / 100 10,800 / 100 having access 23 , 33 8 / 75 . 7 1 3 ,816 / 98 . 7 16,877 / 56 . 1 15,080 / 77 . 5 1 2 ,668 / 75 . supply (ps . /%) supply Populated Area Aralsk, RC* Kazalinsk Zhlagash, RC* Zhanakorgan, RC* Aiteke bi, RC* Zhosaly, RC* Terenozek, RC* Shieli, RC* Zhaksykylysh Saksaul Shalkiya Belkol Tasbuget Toretam Kyzylorda 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 № 1 2 1 3 10 11 14 15 Total in Kyzylorda Oblast: Note*: RC* – Rayon Center Data on Access to Drinking Water of G ood Quality Urban Population in Kyzylorda O blast 114 annexes

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in Kyzylorda Oblast

Quality Problem Length of Water Tariff Water Tariff № Populated Area Cause of Problem Grade* Type Pipelines (km) (KZT/m3) Collection Rate (%)

biological / purification system has 1 Kyzylorda 2 256 . 24 .84 92 metals technical trouble

biological / purification system has 2 Aralsk, RC* 2 79 80 .96 65 other technical trouble

3 Kazalinsk 3 26 .4 7 .43 70

4 Zhlagash, RC* 3 4 .4  .5 80

5 Zhanakorgan, RC* 3 27 .6 29 . 100

6 Aiteke bi, RC* 2 other secondary pollution of water 180 . 7 .43 30

7 Zhosaly, RC* 3 55 45 .08 70

8 Terenozek, RC* 3 17 .5 24 .17 80

9 Shieli, RC* 2 biological secondary pollution of water 25 6 .6 60

10 Zhaksykylysh 3 25 .5 69 .7 98

11 Saksaul 3 11 . 76 . 82

12 Shalkiya 3 14  .8 20

13 Belkol 3 11 .91 37 .6 60

14 Tasbuget 3 34 .5 20 .5 56

15 Toretam 3 21 . 5 .88 86

Total in Kyzylorda Oblast: 828 .61

Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3; very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3; RC* – Rayon Center

Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in Kyzylorda Oblast

Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps /%). Water Tariff Availability of Sewe- Length of № Populated Area 3 centralized system septic pit outdoor toilet (KZT/m ) rage Treatment* Sewers (km)

1 Kyzylorda 96,894 / 61 . 62,306 / 38 8. 1 .00 0 198 .00

2 Aralsk, RC* 30,829 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .00

3 Kazalinsk 924 / 11 5. 7,076 / 88 .5 0 19 .40

4 Zhlagash, RC* 14,000 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .00

5 Zhanakorgan, RC* 21,700 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .00

6 Aiteke bi, RC* 30,079 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .00

7 Zhosaly, RC* 19,447 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .00

8 Terenozek, RC* 10,800 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .00

9 Shieli, RC* 413 / 1 . 30,324 / 98 .7 16 .4 М 11 .06

10 Zhaksykylysh 5,620 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .00

11 Saksaul 2,839 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .00

12 Shalkiya 1,000 / 66 7. 500 /  . 25 .0 М 9 .00

13 Belkol 734 / 25 . 76 /  .6 2,091 / 7 .1 27 .0 0 9 .92

14 Tasbuget 5,848 / 34 7. 3,308 / 19 .6 7,700 / 45 .7 0 1 00.

15 Toretam 8,710 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .00

Total in Kyzylorda Oblast: 105,813 / 29 .1 3,384 / 1 0. 254,021 / 69 9. 259 .8

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities, RC* – Rayon Center

115 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan replacement replacement replacement interrupted water supply water imported by vehicles water imported by vehicles water imported by vehicles 79% of water pipe network needs 95% of water pipe network needs 10% of water pipe network needs 95% of water pipe network needs 100% of water pipe network needs Main Reason for Low Level of Service replacement, interrupted water supply replacement, interrupted water supply low low low

Service Level of medium medium medium medium medium medium other delivered 9,700 / 100 4,400 / 100 3 ,478 / 96 . 6 2 ,7 8 / 75 . 4 15,406 / 100 3 5,715 / 1  . well common stand pipe by Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) 1 22 /  . 4 89 2 / 4 . 6 centralized 7,500 / 100 3 ,486 / 100 48,5 2 0 / 100 17 2 , 3 87 / 100 232 ,907 / 86 . 7 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 22 /  . 4 89 2 / 4 . 6 water of good quality (ps . /%) 17 2 , 3 87 / 100 17 3 ,401 / 64 . 5 Population having access to drinking permanent ( 2 4 hrs) having Population intermittent 7,500 / 100 3 ,486 / 100 48,5 2 0 / 100 59,506 /  . (limited) access to water (ps . /%) water to 0 / 0 / 0 / (ps . /%) 1 22 /  . 4 89 2 / 4 . 6 Population 7,500 / 100 3 ,486 / 100 48,5 2 0 / 100 having access 17 2 , 3 87 / 100 to water supply 232 ,907 / 86 . 7 Populated Area Fort-Shevchenko, RC* Zhanaozen Zhetybai Munaishy Bautino Mangistau Kyzylsai Tenge Aktau 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 № Total in Mangistau Oblast: Data on Access to Drinking Water of G ood Quality Urban Population in Mangistau O blast Note*: RC* – Rayon Center 116 annexes

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in Mangistau Oblast

Water Tariff Quality Problem Length of Pipelines № Populated Area Cause of Problem Water Tariff (KZT/m3) Collection Grade* Type (km) Rate (%)

1 Aktau 3 36 .1 24 .66 100

26 .00 if water meter 2 Fort-Shevchenko, RC* 3  .0 installed; 7 00. per ps if 92 water meter not available

secondary 3 Zhanaozen 2 other 99 .8 6 .83 73 pollution of water

64 .87 if water distributed 4 Zhetybai 3 9 .5 from standpipe; 537 .07 100 for imported water

5 Munaishy 3 4 .4 65 . 92

accounted in the 26 .00 if water meter 6 Bautino 3 assets of Fort- 92 installed; 7 00. per ps . Shevchenko

7 Mangistau 3 45 .0 289 .00 100

8 Kyzylsai 3 0 .0 100

secondary accounted in the 9 Tenge 2 other 6 .83 73 pollution of water assets of Zhanaozen

Total in Mangistau Oblast: 54 .8

Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3; very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3; RC* – Rayon Center

Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in Mangistau Oblast

Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps ./%) Availability Water Tariff Length of № Pop[ulated Area of Sewerage (KZT/m3) Sewers (km) centralized system septic pit outdoor toilet Treatment*

M and B (80% 1 Aktau 168,594 / 97 8. 3,793 /  .  .02 of waste water is 27 .9 treated)

2 Fort-Shevchenko, RC* 376 / 10 4. 3,244 / 89 .6 М 11 .1

3 Zhanaozen 48,520 / 100 0. 16 .90 M and B 67 .7

4 Zhetybai 9,700 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .0

5 Munaishy 3,486 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .0

6 Bautino 3,600 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .0

7 Mangistau 3,406 /  1. 12,000 / 77 .9 0 9 .5

8 Kyzylsai 4,400 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .0

accounted 9 Tenge 7,500 / 100 0. 16 .90 M and B in assets of Zhanaozen town

Total in Mangistau Oblast: 228,396 / 85 0. 3,793 / 1 .4 36,430 / 1 .6 361 .

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities; RC* – Rayon Center

117 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan service water supply needs replacement needs replacement needs replacement Main reason of low level water imported by vehicles 3 0% of water pipe network 49% of water pipe network 80% of water pipe network 19% of water pipe network 100% of water pipe network needs replacement – 2 0 km hrs access to water stand pipe water imported by vehicles, 2 4 needs replacement,interrupted low high high high high

Service Level of medium medium medium medium medium medium other

delivered 84 / 10 . 7 780 / 10 . 0 1,464 / 0 . 600 / 100 . 0 well town 5 / 0 . 1 67 / 0 . 8 22 5 / 0 . 1 906 /  . data of Aksu 7, 3 5 2 / 90 . 0 2 ,561 / 80 . 5 11,116 /  . accounted in town common 8,90 2 / 8 181 / 7 . 5 Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) stand pipe 33 6 / 4  . 8 2 ,185 / 5 . 6 data of Aksu 3 8, 22 7 / 8 . 0 22 ,8 23 / 7 . 3 ,800 / 4  . 0 accounted in town 619 / 19 . 5 3 65 / 46 . 5 centralized data of Aksu 5,180 / 57 . 8, 2 58 / 99 . 9 2 , 222 / 9  . 5 accounted in 3 5,798 / 9  . 1 10 3 ,06 / 91 . 9 4 2 9,08 / 89 . 2 7 3 ,577 / 9  . 619 / 19 . 5 8, 2 58 / 99 . 9 of Aksu town water (ps . /%) 3 7,98 / 97 . 7 2 ,40 3 / 100 . 0 permanent ( 2 4 3 45,66 / 7  . 1 quality drinking 2 96,400 / 100 . 0 accounted in data Population having hrs) access to good having (limited) access to 701 / 0 . 1 701 / 89 . Population intermittent water (ps . /%) 99 . 9 97 . town 100 . 0 having 111,965 / 466,608 / 2 96,400 / 619 / 19 . 5 Population data of Aksu 8,980 / 99 . 8, 2 58 / 99 . 9 accounted in water (ps . /%) hrs) access to 3 7,98 / 97 . 7 2 ,40 3 / 100 . 0 permanent ( 2 4 97 . 4 99 . 9 0 / 0 / town 100 . 0 to water 2 96,400 / 467, 3 09 / 111,965 / 619 / 19 . 5 701 / 89 . Population data of Aksu 8,980 / 99 . 8, 2 58 / 99 . 9 accounted in having access 3 7,98 / 97 . 7 2 ,40 3 / 100 . 0 supply (ps . /%) Oblast: Area Populated Pavlodar, RC* Aksu Ekibastuz Maikain Shoptykol Leninsky Aksu Kalkaman Tortkuduk Solnechny Shiderty Total in Pavlodar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 Data on Access to Drinking Water of G ood Quality for Urban Population in Pavlodar O blast Note*: RC* – Rayon Center 118 annexes

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in Pavlodar Oblast

Quality Length of Water Tariff Water Tariff № Populated Area Problem Type Cause of Problem Grade* Pipelines (km) (KZT/m3) Collection Rate (%)

1 Pavlodar, RC* 3 441 .10 11 .82 100

2 Aksu 3 90 .40 20 .56 92

purification system 3 Ekibastuz 2 other 44 .0 26 .02 92 has technical trouble

purification system 4 Maikain 2 other 55 .50 54 .65 92 has technical trouble

5 Leninsky 3 – 100

6 Aksu 3  .00 20 .56 92

7 Kalkaman 3 4 .00 44 .18 100

8 Tortkuduk 3 4 .40

purification system 9 Solnechny 2 other 8 .50 16 .80 71 has technical trouble

10 Shiderty 3 21 .40 15 .84 72

Total in Pavlodar Oblast: 1 127 .50

Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3; very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3; RC* – Rayon Center

Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in Pavlodar Oblast

Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps /%). Water Availability Length of Sewers № Populated Area Tariff of Sewerage (km) centralized system septic pit outdoor toilet (KZT/m3) Treatment*

1 Pavlodar, RC* 261,425 / 88 . 34,975 / 11 .8 9 .54 M and B 371 .0

2 Aksu 35,808 / 9 1. 810 /  1. 2,271 / 5 8. 15 .63 M and B 160 .4

3 Ekibastuz 98,129 / 88 .1 93 / 0 .1 13,248 / 11 8. 1 .61 M and B 267 .

4 Maikain 3,840 / 4 4. 196 /  . 5,011 / 55 .4 1 .00 0 1 .0

6 Leninsky 8,132 / 100 .0 0 .00 0 0 .0

accounted in data accounted in data accounted in data accounted in assets 7 Aksu 15 .63 M and B of Aksu town of Aksu town of Aksu town of Aksu town

8 Kalkaman 254 / 8 0. 2,926 / 9 0. 0 11 .

9 Tortkuduk 202 / 25 7. 583 / 74 . 0  .1

10 Solnechny 8,258 / 99 .9 5 / 0 1. 16 .90 6 .

11 Shiderty 2,079 / 86 5. 305 / 1 .7 19 / 0 .8 1 .50 0 14 .8

Total in Pavlodar Oblast: 410,776 / 85 7. 1,409 / 0 . 67,165 / 14 .0 846 .0

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities, RC* – Rayon Center

119 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan km of Service conditions 100% of water pipe interrupted water supply interrupted water supply needs replacement – 109 operate due to emergency 2 0 km out of 40 do not water imported by vehicles Main Reason for Low Level 50% of water pipe network 70% of water pipe network needs replacement, подача network needs replacement, low low low Service Level of medium medium other delivered well 1,611 / 0 . 8 6,411 /  . 7 4,800 / 3 6 . 9 pipe 7,065 / 90 by Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) 7,000 / 5  . 8 40,8 2 5 / 1 . 11,4 3 0 / 95 . 7,850 / 100 . 0 74,170 / 3 1 . 7 common stand 570 / 5 . 0 785 / 10 . 0 centralized 1, 2 00 / 9 . 149,764 / 77 . 5 15 2 , 3 19 / 65 . 1 water of good quality (ps . /%) 190,589 / 98 . 6 190,589 / 81 . 4 Population having access to drinking permanent ( 2 4 hrs) intermittent 8, 2 00 / 6  . 0 water (ps . /%) 7,850 / 100 . 0 7,850 / 100 . 0 4 3 , 11 / 15 . 1 2 ,000 / 100 . 0 (limited) access to Population having 8, 2 00 / 6  . 0 7,850 / 100 . 0 7,850 / 100 . 0 supply (ps . /%) 190,589 / 98,6 1 2 ,000 / 100 . 0 22 6,489 / 96 . 8 access to water Population having Total in North- Populated Area Petropavlovsk Bulayevo, RC* Mamlyutka, RC* Sergeevka, RC* Taiynsha, RC* Kazakhstan Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 № Note*: RC* – Rayon Center Data on Access to Drinking Water of G ood Quality Urban Population in North-Kazakhstan O blast 120 annexes

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in North-Kazakhstan Oblast

Quality Cause of Length of Water Tariff (KZT/ Water Tariff № Populated Area Problem Type Grade* Problem Pipelines (km) m3) Collection Rate (%)

1 Petropavlovsk 3 30 .8 16 .15 100

20 km of pipe 2 Bulayevo, RC* 3 operate out of 45 125 .00 98 km

250-500 (depending 3 Mamlyutka, RC* 3 25 .0 on distance to 100 standpipe)

4 Sergeevka, RC* 3 4 .0 125 .00 100

5 Taiynsha, RC* 3  .0 125 .00 100

Total in North- 417 .8 Kazakhstan Oblast:

Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3; very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3; RC* – Rayon Center

Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in North-Kazakhstan Oblast

Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps ./%) Availability Water Tariff Length of № Populated area centralized of Sewerage septic pit outdoor toilet (KZT/m3) Sewers (km) system Treatment*

1 Petropavlovsk 145,519 / 75 . 2,567 / 1 . 45,114 /  .4 13,92 M and B 225

2 Bulayevo, RC* 12,000 / 100 .0 0 0 0

3 Mamlyutka, RC* 7,850 / 100 .0 0 0 0

4 Sergeevka, RC* 785 / 10 0. 7,065 / 90 .0 0 20

5 Taiynsha, RC* 13,000 / 100 .0 0 0 0

Total in North- 146,304 / 6 5. 2,567 / 1 .1 85,029 / 36 4. 245 Kazakhstan Oblast:

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities, RC* – Rayon Center

121 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan replacement replacement replacement replacement replacement interrupted water supply interrupted water supply 7 3 % of water pipe network needs 80% of water pipe network needs 50% of water pipe network needs 50% of water pipe network needs 40% of water pipe network needs 2 0% of water pipe network needs Main reason of low level service 100% of water pipe network needs 45 . 5% of water pipe network needs 66 . % of water pipe network needs 79 . 4% of water pipe network needs 79 . 4 % of water pipe network needs 79 . 4 % of water pipe network needs replacement, interrupted water supply replacement, interrupted water supply replacement, interrupted water supply replacement, interrupted water supply replacement, interrupted water supply replacement, interrupted water supply replacement, interrupted water supply high high high

Service Level of medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium medium other 15  . 0 66 . 2 5 . 8 0 . 06 2 84 / 1,594 / 11,676 / 10,7 2 8 / 2 4,4 32 / delivered 150 / 1 . 4 well 15 . 8 17 . 9 84,9 2 6 / in data of in data of 1 2 9,968 / accounted accounted 8,990 / 32 7,150 / 65 6, 3 7 / 60 7,000 / 1  . 9 6, 3 54 / 75 . 5 9, 22 5 / 10 . 6 Kentau town Kentau town common 557 / 10 5 3 / 6 . 1 32 /  . 9 in data of in data of stand pipe accounted accounted 1,06 2 / 10 4,050 / 7 . 5 4,088 / 14 . 5 1, 2 00 / 10 . 9 2 1,018 / 4 . 5,440 / 19 . 5 Kentau town Kentau town 8 2 ,581 / 10 . 1 4 2 ,74 3 / 48 . Type of Water Supply (ps . /%) 71 . 1 77 . 6 in data of in data of 581,088 / 3 68,67 2 / 6 3 7 / 100 accounted accounted 5,015 / 90 1,59 3 / 15 centralized 3 ,100 / 100 5,961 /  . 8 2 ,500 /  . 7 1,5 3 7 / 18 . 3 , 2 66 / 96 . 1 Kentau town Kentau town 23 ,000 / 100 10, 2 88 / 100 15,06 2 / 5  . 4 3 ,166 / 76 . 6 3 6,7 32 / 41 . 4 3 0,905 / 74 . 22 ,410 / 80 . 5 6 3 7 / 100 3 100 / water (ps . /%) 23 ,000 / 100 47, 2 16 / 84 . 1 79,475 / 89 . 6 permanent ( 2 4 of Kentau town of Kentau town 55 2 ,118 / 67 . 5 quality drinking 3 17, 18 / 75 . 74 accounted in data accounted in data Population having hrs) access to good / having 2 ,655 / 5 Population intermittent 5,57 2 / 100 3 , 98 / 100 5,961 /  . 8 3 ,700 /  . 6 2 ,07 / 4 . 5 10, 2 88 / 100 2 7,850 / 100 3 0,905 / 74 . 9 2 ,401 / 11 . (limited) access to water (ps . /%) town town having 6 3 7 / 100 Population 3 100 / 19,150 / 68 accounted in accounted in water (ps . /%) 23 ,000 / 100 hrs) access to 47, 2 16 / 84 . 1 79,475 / 89 . 6 data of Kentau data of Kentau permanent ( 2 4 571, 2 68 / 69 . 8 3 17, 18 / 75 . 74 / 81 . 1 75 . 74 to water in data of in data of 3 17, 18 / 66 3 ,669 / 6 3 7 / 100 accounted accounted 2 ,655 / 5 Population 19,150 / 68 3 ,100 / 100 5,57 2 / 100 3 , 98 / 100 5,961 /  . 8 3 ,700 /  . 6 2 ,07 / 4 . 5 Kentau town Kentau town 23 ,000 / 100 10, 2 88 / 100 2 7,850 / 100 having access 3 0,905 / 74 . 47, 2 16 / 84 . 1 79,475 / 89 . 6 supply (ps . /%) Area Populated Zhetysai, RC* Saryagash, RC* Lenger, RC* Shardara, RC* Kentau Turkestan Asykata Atakent Myrzakent Kokterek Tyulkubas, RC* Achisai Hantagy Shymkent Arys, RC* Sastobe Nauryz Kyzymshek Bayaldyr Total in South- 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 № 1 3 10 11 14 17 19 15 16 18 1 2 Kazakhstan Oblast: Data on Access to Drinking Water of G ood Quality Urban Population in S outh-Kazakhstan O blast Note*: RC* – Rayon Center 122 annexes

Data on Water Quality and Tariffs of Urban Water Supply in South-Kazakhstan Oblast

Quality Length of Pipelines Water Tariff Water Tariff № Populated Area Problem Type Cause of Problem Grade* (km) (KZT/m3) Collection Rate (%)

1 Shymkent 3 1,536 .0  .75 99 .48

biological, purification system has 2 Arys, RC* 2 107 .40  .45 80 mineralization technical trouble

3 Zhetysai, RC* 3 1,18 00. 15 .08 8 .7

purification system has 4 Saryagash, RC* 2 mineralization 24 .0  .49 30 technical trouble

biological, purification system has 5 Lenger, RC* 2 14 .00 21 .03 92 metals technical trouble

biological, purification system has 6 Shardara, RC* 2 79 .00 28 .87 80 metals technical trouble

7 Kentau 3 286 .00 15 .82 90

approved by SES**, 8 Turkestan 2 mineralization secondary pollution of 14 .70 15 .43 90 water

9 Asykata 3 40 .00 1 .92 100

10 Atakent 3 65 .40 15 .16 85

biological, secondary pollution of 11 Myrzakent 2 66 .50 24 .18 50 other water

12 Kokterek 3 35 .00 11 .40 100

13 Sastobe 3  .00 1 .00 100

accounted in assets 14 Tyulkubas, RC* 3 11 .40 100 of Tyulkubas village

15 Nauryz

16 Kyzymshek 3 7 .00 19 .90 90

17 Achisai 3 5 .40 11 .42 90

18 Bayaldyr 3 1 .50 15 .82 90

19 Hantagy 3 8 .70 15 .82 90

Total in South- 3,819 .0 Kazakhstan Oblast:

Note: * quality of water ranges from grade 0 to grade 3; very poor water is deemed under grade 0 and water meeting standard refers to grade 3; ** SES – Sanitary and Epidemiological Service

123 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Data on Access to Urban Sewerage System in South-Kazakhstan Oblast

Populated Type of Sewerage Supply System (ps /%). Water Tariff Availability of Length of № 3 Area centralized system septic pit outdoor toilet (KZT/m ) Sewerage Treatment* Sewers (km)

1 Shymkent 213,373 / 44 9. 3 261,527 / 55 .02 11 .75 M and B 498 .

2 Arys, RC* 2,653 / 7 . 34,197 / 9 .9 24 .80 M 17 .9

3 Zhetysai, RC* 41,633 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0

Saryagash, 4 17,637 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0 RC*

5 Lenger, RC* 6,240 / 27 . 16,760 / 7 .7 5 .41 M 37 .0

Sewerage Pland does 6 Shardara, RC* 4,468 / 15 9. 23,672 / 84 1.  .53 20 .0 not operate

7 Kentau 22,641 / 41 8. 16,294 / 36 .9 15,231 / 21 . 8 .46 M and B 97 .0

8 Turkestan 17,940 / 20 . 70,760 / 79 .8 24 .0 0 5 .

9 Asykata 11,000 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0

10 Atakent 2,799 /  . 5,627 / 66 .8 20 .13 M 9 .5

11 Myrzakent 10,622 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0

12 Kokterek 637 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0

13 Sastobe 5,572 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0

14 Tyulkubas, RC* 10,288 / 100 0 .00 0 0 .0

15 Nauryz

16 Kyzymshek 992 / 32 2,108 / 68 0 .00 0 0 .0

17 Achisai 3,266 / 96 1. 132 /  .9 19 .90 M 17 .0

accounted in accounted accounted in data accounted in data 18 Bayaldyr data of Kentau 8 .46 M and B in assets of of Kentau town of Kentau town town Kentau town

accounted in accounted accounted in data accounted in data 19 Hantagy data of Kentau 8 .46 M and B in assets of of Kentau town of Kentau town town Kentau town

Total in South- 274,372 /  1. 16,294 / 2 527,403 / 64 .9 748 .9 Kazakhstan Oblast:

Note*: M – availability of mechanical treatment facilities; B – availability of biological treatment facilities, RC* – Rayon Center

124 annex IІ

Access to Water and Sanitation in Rural Areas of Kazakhstan; Results of Technical Survey

125 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 4  . 0 581 . 90 448 . 00 9  . 41 660 . 0 5 3 0 . 6  . 05 569 . 50 Length of 2 , 14 . 01 1,781 . 75 2 ,451 . 00 1, 2 01 . 90 1,17  . 4 2 1,611 . 50 Water Pipe 14,8 2 0 . 9 network, km  . 5 8 . 11 4 . 54 8 . 1 0 . 94 0 . 1 . 98 0 . 65 7 . 6 0 . 69 64 . 89 18 . 5 2 3 1 . 68 106 . 5 2 56 . 59 (‘000 ps . ) Population, Delivered Water 4 2 6 9 8 3 1 3 8 3 49 14 14 23 7 3 11 3 414 Number of Settlements 0 0 0 0 . 4 3 0 . 4 2 1 . 70 6 . 0 6 . 8 . 51  . 04  . 5 3 1 . 75 48 . 51 10 . 41 169 . 48 (‘000 ps . ) Population Surface Water 0 1 1 0 0 55 67 44 11 17 54 2 1 2 5 3 1 32 7 Number of Settlements 6 2 46 40 2 2 84 197 508 116 168 757 1 2 6 2 0 3 3 64 2 0 2 56 Local Water Sources 3 ,688 (‘000 ps . ) Population Ground Water 61 23 489 551 3 57 3 59 3 5 2 49 2 33 7 3 51 2 51 3 59 5 32 1 32 4,646 Number of Settlements 91 . 68 3 0 . 94 85 . 8 98 . 5 68 . 79 178 . 46 57  . 4 2 164 . 3 7  . 06 176 . 5 10  . 61 1 2 0 . 4 1 2 7 . 8 3 1 2 9 . 05 2 , 3 19 . 6 water (‘000 ps . ) Population with access to drinking to access 1 3 9 3 71 50 81 2 78 3 91 233 1 23 2 1 109 116 118 184 2 ,07 Number of Settlements Centralized Water Supply System 8  . 91 3 0  . 60 54  . 95 2 45 . 8 3 3 99 . 78 196 . 1 2 598 . 9 3 44 . 8 22 1 . 90 418 . 1 3 2 6  . 0 4 2 7 . 56 (‘000 ps . ) 6,4  . 51 1,106 . 47 1, 2 8  . 57 Population, 44 4 2 6 3 67 2 70 705 811 195 818 498 496 750 449 740 871 7,440 (items) Number of Settlements TOTAL: Oblast/Province Akmola Aktobe Almaty Atyrau East-Kazakhstan Zhambyl West-Kazakhstan Karaganda Kostanai Kyzylorda Mangystau Pavlodar North-Kazakhstan South-Kazakhstan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 3 1 2 10 11 14 Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in the Republic of Kazakhstan 126 annexes as of 7  . 18 75 . 09 78 . 16 80 . 47 67 . 85 75 . 6 80 . 5 6  . 19 84 . 8 3 89 . 5 2 8  . 09 79 . 57 85 . 65 58 . 4 3 77 . 56 88 . 0 85 . 16 85 . 54 86 . 96 90 . 55 1 . 01 . 011 (ps . ) 3 50 32 0 5 2 0 950 650 750 950 150 859 150 2 50 7 32 2 50 2 3 50 1 3 00 1 2 00 2 560 5 500 1 900 2 1 691 for 2 009 and 2 010 increment as of 49 . 86 7  . 0 6  . 0 78 . 87 76 . 8 5  . 09 79 . 00 70 . 7  . 3 71 . 60 85 . 5 2 86 . 0 59 . 9 84 . 9 76 . 19 76 . 80 84 . 06 89 . 18 64 . 48 78 . 09 1 . 01 . 009 – – – – (ps . ) 48 2 4 2 0 6 3 0 9 2 0 915 470 711 2 68 2 418 2 768 1 09 2 1 889 1 6 2 2 18 1 2 9 19 956 for 2 008 increment as of 44 . 7 59 . 05 61 . 6 69 . 48 71 . 0 2 79 . 7 2 49 . 8 76 . 4 6  . 1 3 8  . 0 78 . 09 67 . 74 76 . 19 76 . 80 59 . 58 78 . 44 80 . 78 85 . 7 55 . 65 64 . 48 1 . 01 . 008 – – for 6 3 2 4 6 3 8 660 515 2 ,476 1,5 2 1 1,0 3 6 2 ,611 1, 332 3 ,46 2 1,84 3 1,1 2 4 1,790 7,046 1,681 1,844 3 0,457 2 007(ps . ) increment as of 67 . 86 3 8 . 7 6  . 54 58 . 9 3 57 . 6 2 64 . 65 . 9 3 66 . 70 40 . 8 61 . 7 2 56 . 76 . 80 46 . 4 74 . 48 77 . 74 76 . 05 49 . 55 64 . 48 48 . 0 2 60 . 1 2 1 . 01 . 007 – – (ps . ) 6 3 7 986 688 797 679 2 ,915 5, 33 4 2 ,7 23 7,50 2 2 , 3 49 4,9 22 1,147 5,180 5,844 1,499 1,485 1,509 46,196 for 2 006 increment Access of Population to Drinking Water (in % total population) as of 5 . 78 60 . 98 3 7 . 0 3 9 . 05 59 . 8 3 3 1 . 50 . 49 76 . 80 48 . 57 48 . 5 2 1  . 9 50 . 59 56 . 6 41 . 75 69 . 19 74 . 58 67 . 90 44 . 56 64 . 48 16 . 0 2 1 . 01 . 006 – – – – – – (ps . ) 3 50 56 2 3 50 500 540 499 3 ,540 1,1 2 9 1,1 23 2 ,948 1, 2 6 1,450 1,450 15,70 3 for 2 005 increment as of 3 ,45 59, 23 4 2 ,98 22 ,08 3 0,70 5 2 ,74 4 2 ,91 56, 3 6 2 8,59 4 3 , 2 7 10,45 41,75 70,40 48,56 69,19 68,84 67,90 64,48 44,64 16,0 2 1 . 01 . 005 (ps . ) 516 3 40 1,77 2 5, 22 7 4,15 2 4,18 2 8,499 8,994 6,019 11,87 2 11, 2 46 1 3 ,878 1 2 ,944 17, 3 69 1 2 , 3 71 1 2 ,976 16,619 11,800 17,686 178,46 2 1 . 01 . 005 Population to drinking water as of with access (ps . ) as of 9, 33 5 7,9 2 9 2 1 22 16,96 3 2 0,044 2 9,489 2 6,167 2 0, 3 57 23 ,674 19,71 3 2 6,65 3 1 3 ,5 2 4 41, 2 76 1 2 ,999 2 5, 232 18, 22 0 3 0, 23 8 14,971 40,871 3 99,777 1 . 01 . 004 Population Name of Rayon Kokshetau (u . a)* Akkol Arshaly Astrahan Atbasar Bulandy Egindikol Enbekshindel Ereimentau Esil Zhaksyn Zharkain Zerendy Korgalzhy Sandyktau Tselinograd Shortandy Schuchinsky Stepnogorsk (u . a)* Total in Oblast 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 1 3 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 Access to Drinking Water in Akmola O blast: Present and F uture Conditions Note*: RC* – Rayon Center 127 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan % 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 .  .  . 6 5 . 6 0 . 9 6 . 1 . 9 7 . 6 . 0 1 . 4  . 1 1 . 6 6 . 9 4 . 6 1  . 17 . 7 60 . - - - - 81 446 574 3 78 3 80 2 1 1,067 5,041 1,07 2 1,87 3 1, 2 16 2 , 3 96 1, 2 59 1, 2 49 1, 2 77 18,5 2 1 Population Delivered water 1 4 2 5 2 2 0 0 0 2 6 3 3 2 3 0 1 1 49 1 2 Number of Settlements % 1 . 6 6 . 7 4 . 7 4 . 6  . 8 1 . 5 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 1  . ------80 2 9 2 499 3 90 6, 2 60 1,985 1,655 Population surface water 2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 Number of Settlements % 78 . 5 49 . 9 48 . 5 57 . 1 3 4 . 96 . 6 77 . 9 5  . 41 . 6 2 9 . 6 44 . 4 2 5 . 3 9 . 68 . 4 2 5 .  . 8 2 8 . 9 3 4 . 7  . 49 . local water sources 505 6,865 9,818 3 , 01 5,8 3 5 4,600 5, 32 1 3 , 2 94 7, 2 89 3 , 23 5 1 3 , 17 1 3 ,048 1 2 ,9 3 9 17, 2 6 14,455 18,447 10,64 2 18,144 2 8, 17 196,5 3 4 Population Availability of Water Supply from: ground water 5 2 1 9 7 8 0 3 2 5 2 7 2 1 2 5 2 1 4 2 19 18 46 61 17 3 57

Number of Settlements %  . 4 56 . 4 41 . 7 2 8 . 6 4  . 10 . 4 4  . 0 5  . 7  . 1 3 0 . 7 69 . 68 . 8 48 . 6 4  . 9 64 . 5 67 . 9 59 . 16 . 0 70 . 4 44 . 6 3 14 23 86 96 19 3 5 1 33 22 7 1 2 7 2 15 117 160 160 17 2 190 2 19 2 40 2 17 (km) 2 ,451 Network Length of Water Pipe 516 3 40 8,499 8,994 6,019 1,77 2 4,18 2 4,15 2 5, 22 7 16,619 11,800 17,686 11, 2 46 1 2 ,944 1 2 , 3 71 1 2 ,976 11,87 2 1 3 ,878 17, 3 69 178,46 2 Population centralized water supply system 4 1 2 1 14 16 18 10 18 10 17 22 18 2 4 1 2 3 0 1 3 2 0 2 8 2 78 Number of Settlements (ps . ) 7,9 2 9 9, 33 5 2 ,1 22 16,96 3 2 0,044 2 6,167 2 0, 3 57 23 ,674 19,71 3 2 6,65 3 1 2 ,999 14,971 40,871 2 9,489 1 3 ,5 2 4 41, 2 76 2 5, 232 18, 22 0 3 0, 23 8 3 99,777 Population 3 5 3 4 3 5 4 2 3 8 3 7 3 1 4 3 2 6 40 14 47 32 81 47 57 33 60 705 (items) Number of Settlements Name of Rayon Kokshetau (u . a)* Stepnogorsk (u . a)* Akkol Arshaly Astrahan Atbasar Bulandy Egindikol Enbekshindel Ereimentau Esil Zhaksyn Zharkain Zerendy Korgalzhy Sandyktau Tselinograd Shortandy Schuchinsky Total in Oblast 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 1 3 Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in Akmola O blast Note*: RC* – Rayon Center 128

annexes Grand Total Total Grand 8 2 2 1 4 3 5 3 0 496 705 115 664 541 464 876 409 5 33 75 2 878 33 0 3 41 7 33

1,099 1,014 1, 2 95

1 2 ,50

and loans loans and

foreign grants grants foreign 4

3 4 2 4 3 6 2 8 3 7 2 5 17 56 76 47 76 49 44 15 48 55 3 8 3 1 740 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local

0

Financing budget Sources of

cental state state cental 0

2 009 - 010

011 2 009- 2 in

Total Total 4

3 4 2 4 17 56 3 6 76 2 8 47 76 49 3 7 44 15 48 55 2 5 3 8 3 1

740

and loans loans and foreign grants grants foreign

2 0 10 2 0 50 50 2 0 50 50 70 40 60 2 0 2 0 2 0 500 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local

0 budget budget

2 008 cental state state cental 98 . 80 69 . 00 2 5 . 00 55 . 00 3 6 . 00 70 . 00 88 . 00 89 . 00

Sources of Financing 16  . 40 180 . 00 180 . 00 5 3 6 . 00 177 . 6 107 . 6 2 10 . 00 100 . 00 100 . 00 19  . 00

2 ,476 . 7

008 2 in

Total

2 0 10 89 50 95 95 96

16 3 180 180 5 3 6 119 177 107 1 2 0 2 10 1 3 8 1 2 0 1 3 9 2 1

1 2 0 2 977

and loans loans and foreign grants grants foreign

2 0 40 40 50 40 60 10 50 10 2 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 510 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local

0

budget budget 2 007 state cental 80 . 00 60 . 00 40 . 00 56 . 00 2 1 . 70

Sources of Financing 170 . 00 459 . 0 100 . 00 175 . 00 199 . 50 3 85 . 00 2 98 . 00 479 . 50 2 11 . 00 185 . 00 15  . 0 1 3 8 . 00 104 . 50 11  . 00

3 ,4 2 7 . 70

007 2 in

Total 90 . 0 60 . 0 90 . 0 76 . 0 2 0 . 41 . 7

170 . 0 459 . 100 . 0 1 2 0 . 2 05 . 0 23 9 . 5 4 3 5 . 0 3 08 . 0 479 . 5 23 1 . 0 185 . 0 16  . 168 . 0 144 . 5 15  . 0

3 ,9 7 .

and loans loans and foreign grants grants foreign

10 3 0 40 40 3 0 50 40 10 60 2 0 2 0 40 10 2 0 3 0 3 0 2 0 500 legal entity entity legal

0 . 1 . 70 1 . 40  . 00  . 00 2 0 . 7 46 . 0 2 17 . 00 local budget budget local -  . 4 . 9 6 . 0  . 0 11 . 0 8  . 9 14 . 0 41 . 7

2 006

budget budget Sources of Financing state cental 95 . 74 3 6 . 00 7  . 70 60 . 00 64 . 65 70 . 50

14  . 70 4  . 99 1 3 6 . 0 445 . 10 191 . 68 22 8 . 7 22 0 . 00 175 . 00 2 1  . 66 3 60 . 0 176 . 60 5 2 1 . 6

3 ,6 4 . 81

006 2 in

Total

96 76 51 90 95 2 0 2 0

178 111 454 196 445 2 1 2 68 1 3 5 22 0 2 15 2 15 3 78 2 16 57 3 4 2 64

and loans loans and

foreign grants grants foreign 5 5 5 5 5 5

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 2 0 2 0 150 legal entity entity legal

 . 95 8 . 00 1 . 00 5 . 80  . 0  . 64 40 . 59 17 . 00 local budget budget local

2 005

6 . 500 1 . 00  . 000 8 . 590 9 . 0 2 5 9  . 085 17 . 000 3 7 . 670 11 . 000

budget budget

Sources of Financing cental state state cental

50 60 70 3 00 1 2 0

005 2 in

Total 5 . 0 5 . 0 5 . 0 50 . 0 1  . 10 . 0  . 8 19 . 0 2 0 . 47 . 7 71 . 5 15 . 8 14 . 0 70 . 0 2 4 . 6 10 . 0 1  . 0 10 . 0 18 . 0 2 0 . 58  . 7 1 2 0 . Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Kokshetau (u . a ) Seletinsky Group Pipeline Nurinsky Group Pipeline Stepnogorsk (u . a ) Schuchinsky Shortandy Tselinograd Sandyktau Korgalzhy Zerendinsky Zharkain Zhaksy Esil Ereimentau Enbekshilder Elindykol Bulandy Atbassar Astrahan Arshaly Akkol 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 № 19 18 17 16 15 14 11 10 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 3 Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Akmola O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) 129 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 97 . 8 84 . 4 70 . 9 94 . 1 77 . 88 . 1 88 . 55 . 9 as of 1 . 01 . 011 (ps . ) 1,478 4,150 2 ,000 1,6 2 5 2 ,10 3 11, 3 56 for 2 009 and 2 010 increment 97 . 8 71 . 4 94 . 1 56 . 1 81 . 8 76 . 81 . 5  . as of 1 . 01 . 009 (ps . ) 3 ,750 1,4 2 4 2 ,161 2 ,178 2 , 94 11,807 for 2 008 increment 97 . 8 4  . 8 77 . 94 . 1 64 . 4 65 . 7  . 0 48 . as of 1 . 01 . 008 for 2 ,675 5, 2 00 3 ,081 3 ,4 2 4 4, 2 76 2 , 3 05 2 0,961 2 007(ps . ) increment  . 60 . 9 97 . 8 8  . 0 45 . 6 54 . 7 5  . 6 44 . 4 as of 1 . 01 . 007 (ps . ) 1,861 1,084 7,948 2 ,76 3 2 ,955 2 , 00 9,9 3 8 2 8,749 Access of Population to Drinking Water (in % total population) for 2 006 increment 3 0 . 5 86 . 40 . 0 40 . 9 2 5 . 4 54 . 2 7 . 55 . 1 as of 1 . 01 . 006 (ps . ) 8 33 1,000 9,648 1, 2 50 3 ,585 2 ,980 for 2 005 increment 3 0 . 5 2 0 . 9 41 . 3 5 . 1 2 5 . 7 40 . 9 45 . 7 75 . 4 as of 1 . 01 . 005 (ps . ) 5,551 5,860 9,5 3 6 7,0 2 0 11,417 68,790 14,89 3 14,51 3 1 . 01 . 005 Population to drinking water as of with access (ps . ) as of 9, 3 05 2 7,65 57,849 23 , 3 0 2 18, 222 3 1,757 2 8,0 3 0 196,117 1 . 01 . 004 Population Rayon Name of Atyrau (u . a)* Kurmangazy Isatai Inder Kyzylkuga Mahambet Makat Zhylyoi Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 № Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Access to Drinking Water in Atyrau O blast: Present and F uture Conditions 130 annexes % 6,1 55,8 69,5 79,1 16,4 33 ,1 2 1,1 2 4,6 – 4 5 3 6 6 70 2 2 85 3 5 2 8 64 886 1 2 671 1 2 994 22 170 Population delivered water 8 7 10 10 1 2 1 2 2 4 8 3 Number of Settlements % 0,7 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0, 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 1 4 3 1 Population surface water 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Number of Settlements % 3 , 0,0 0,0 0,0 67,4 4 2 , 3 3 1,6 33 , 2 local water sources – – – – 77 2 11 699 6 2 010 10 54 2 3 8 997 Population Availability of Water Supply from: ground water 4 0 0 0 9 61 1 2 3 6 Number of Settlements % 40,9 45,7 75,4 3 0,5 41, 3 3 5,1 2 0,9 2 5,7 81 (km) 40,8 91,8 3 9, 2 2 0,6 195,7 581,9 11 2 ,8 Network Length of Water Pipe – 5 551 5 860 9 5 3 6 7 0 2 11 417 68 790 14 89 3 14 51 3 Population centralized water supply system 8 5 8 9 2 5 50 1 3 Number of Settlements (ps . ) 9 3 05 57 849 2 7 65 18 222 23 3 0 2 3 1 757 2 8 0 3 196 117 Population 2 9 57 16 15 2 1 3 1 2 6 195 (items) Number of Settlements Rayon Name of Atyrau (u . a)* Kurmangazy Isatai Inder Kyzylkuga Mahambet Makat Zhylyoi Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 № Note: * u.a.- urban agglomerate Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in Atyrau O blast 131 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan

Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

and loans loans and

foreign grants grants foreign – legal entity entity legal

– local budget budget local

–

budget budget cental state state cental

150 750

Sources of Financing 40 . 9 2 009 – 010 1, 23 4 2 9  . 8

011 2 009- 2 in

Total Total 0 0 0 0

150 750

40 . 9 1, 23 4 2 9  . 8

and loans loans and

foreign grants grants foreign – legal entity entity legal

– local budget budget local

– budget budget

2 008 cental state state cental

2 00 3 68 441 855

Sources of Financing 1,975 110 . 7

008 2 in Total 0 0 0

2 00 3 68 441 855

1,975 110 . 7

and loans loans and

foreign grants grants foreign – legal entity entity legal

– local budget budget local

–

2 007 budget cental state state cental

1 2 4 1 33 2 7 400 540 33 9

Sources of Financing 1,808

007 2 in Total 0 0

1 2 4 1 33 400 2 7 540 33 9

1,808

and loans loans and

foreign grants grants foreign – legal entity entity legal 2 76

2 76 . 00 local budget budget local –

2 006 budget budget

Sources of Financing cental state state cental 60 2  . 1 1 2 . 7

114 . 48

460 . 587 759 . 784 2 ,081 . 65

006 2 in Total 0 0 60 2  . 1 1 2 . 7

114 . 48

7 3 6 . 587 759 . 784 2 , 3 57 . 65

and loans loans and

foreign grants grants foreign – legal entity entity legal 181

181 . 00 local budget budget local –

2 005 budget budget

Sources of Financing cental state state cental

69 . 00 100 . 000 32 0 . 786 108 . 600 598 . 586

005 2 in Total – – – 69 . 0 32 0 . 79 181 . 00 100 . 00

108 . 60 779 . 59 Rayon Name of Atyrau (u . a)* Kurmangazy Isatai Inder Kyzylkuga Mahambet Makat Zhylyoi Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 № Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Atyrau O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 132 annexes 86 . 89 . 5 70 . 9 74 . 1 6  . 0 59 . 9 76 . 80 . 9 84 . 1 97 . 7 70 . 5 76 . 70 . 8 86 . 1 74 . 75 . 0 80 . 6 61 . 57 . as of 1 . 01 . 011 (ps . ) 550 550 500 3 50 4,500 5,500 4,500 5,900 3 ,900 2 ,640 1, 2 00 2 , 00 3 ,1 2 0 3 ,500 6, 2 50 45,160 for 2 009 and 2 010 increment 5  . 4 66 . 7 66 . 9 86 . 80 . 85 . 7 89 . 5 68 . 7 76 . 7 48 . 9 50 . 5 3 8 . 1 8  . 94 . 0 46 . 6 57 . 5 75 . 0 66 . 6 7  . as of 1 . 01 . 009 (ps . ) 160 3 50 9 3 3 ,150 2 ,500 1,051 1,755 5,091 4,875 2 ,140 3 ,0 2 1 3 ,980 3 ,471 2 , 3 77 3 ,968 5,0 3 8 10,105 10, 3 85 64, 3 56 for 2 008 increment 3 7 . 8 57 . 5 80 . 7 68 . 74 . 0 3 8 . 6  . 5  . 5 2 5 . 79 . 5 91 . 3 9 . 51 . 5 74 . 4 56 . 9 7  . 9 66 . 4 81 . 80 . 5 as of 1 . 01 . 008 for 3 54 450 2 , 00 1,5 33 1,7 3 9 1,858 1,707 1,500 1,419 8,071 5,19 2 1, 323 5, 2 59 8,0 3 6 3 ,414 6,50 2 6 3 ,554 1 2 ,997 2 007(ps . ) increment 2 0 . 2 7 . 6 79 . 6 51 . 9 2 7 . 0 64 . 0 3 1 . 49 . 9 3 1 . 6 69 . 6 60 . 7 57 . 9 71 . 4 49 . 87 . 9 74 . 0 76 . 0 66 . 6 66 . 8 as of 1 . 01 . 007 (ps . ) 856 2 ,567 1, 2 11 7,718 4,469 1,601 6,600 8, 2 50 4, 22 0 65,056 14, 33 9 1 3 , 22 5 for 2 006 increment Access of Population to Drinking Water (in % total population) 57 . 6 3 8 . 0 48 . 4 2 0 . 2 7 . 6 79 . 6 51 . 9 2 7 . 0 56 . 54 . 8 3 1 . 47 . 8 69 . 68 . 5 68 . 8  . 5 5  . 4 60 . 3 1 . 6 as of 1 . 01 . 006 (ps . ) 2 00 2 ,540 1,048 1,654 1,511 1,158 4,0 2 4 6,4 3 8 2 ,9 3 8 32 ,7 3 8 11, 22 7 for 2 005 increment 5  . 1 57 . 6 51 . 8 3 8 . 0 6  . 46 . 48 . 4 19 . 4 2 0 . 2 7 . 6 2 9 . 4 79 . 6 68 . 1 51 . 9 67 . 1 45 . 5 59 . 9 2 1 . 2 7 . 0 as of 1 . 01 . 005 (ps . ) 5,0 32 5,904 5,409 5,944 6,01 2 6, 3 17 4 2 ,794 23 ,1 2 1 49,180 40,095 17,4 23 2 5, 79 84,1 2 8 14, 2 00 5 3 ,950 4 2 , 3 99 3 8, 2 65 57 3 ,417 107,965 1 . 01 . 005 Population to drinking water as of with access (ps . ) as of 80,589 40,157 1 3 , 23 0 2 8, 3 0 59, 2 68 3 0,501 3 1,775 23 , 3 55 2 7, 3 41 8 2 ,85 3 80, 3 98 2 7,0 32 9 3 , 2 19 6 3 ,867 2 1,55 17 3 ,19 106, 3 4 2 1 23 ,494 1,106,468 1 . 01 . 004 Population Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Kapshagai (u . a)* Aksu Alakol Balkhash Enbekshikazakh Eskeldy Zhambyl Ili Karasai Karatal Kerbulak Koksu Panfilov Raiymbek Sarkand Talgar Uigur Taldykorgan (u . a )* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 1 3 1 2 Access to Drinking Water in Almaty O blast: Present and F uture Conditions Note: * u.a.- urban agglomerate

133 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan % 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 4  . 0 . 0 . 9 0 . – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 448 2 14 2 55 1 33 6 22 5 3 Population delivered water 0 3 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 1 3 Number of Settlements % 4 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 6 . 4 0 . 0 . 0 . 5 . 6 4 . 0 . 1 0 . 6  . 6 4 .  . 1 2 7 . – – – – – – – – 64 1 3 7 67 3 8 3 7 22 58 1,180 5,111 2 ,57 7, 3 85 2 ,8 22 23 ,0 3 9 Population surface water 3 6 1 2 0 4 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 15 15 55 Number of Settlements % 3 7 . 6 2 0 . 4 5  . 7 3 6 . 8 6  . 0 7  . 4 45 . 9 74 . 6 51 . 6 54 . 5 46 . 6 3 1 . 9 3 5 . 7 64 . 0 2 6 . 5 51 . 7 80 . 4 69 . 4 48 . 1 local water sources 6,496 8,198 65,091 56,041 14,778 15,608 2 1,110 4 2 ,758 50,8 2 0 3 7,581 3 9, 66 22 ,780 3 7,9 7 2 1, 33 7 1 3 ,98 2 4,5 33 16, 2 01 1 3 ,141 507,759 Population ground water Availability of Water Supply from: 4 6 9 8 7 41 23 14 11 17 3 6 1 2 2 8 1 2 2 7 3 5 4 2 2 0 3 5 2 Number of Settlements % 2 9 . 4 67 . 1 45 . 5 6  . 46 . 2 0 . 2 7 . 6 19 . 4 48 . 4 59 . 9 51 . 8 5  . 1 57 . 6 2 1 . 79 . 6 2 7 . 0 51 . 9 3 8 . 0 68 . 1 (km)  . 00 9  . 16 1  . 00 2 5 . 00 3 9 . 0 45 . 10 44 . 90 90 . 05 19 . 60 115 . 80 164 . 40 144 . 70 556 . 40 11  . 50 1 2 5 . 60 2 70 . 60 166 . 90 184 . 10 Network 22 14 . 01 Length of Water Pipe 5,904 5,409 5,944 6,01 2 6, 3 17 5,0 32 17,4 23 5 3 ,950 4 2 , 3 99 49,180 40,095 3 8, 2 65 4 2 ,794 23 ,1 2 1 2 5, 79 84,1 2 8 14, 2 00 107,965 57 3 ,417 Population centralized water supply system 8 6 6 3 3 2 2 6 1 3 2 9 4 3 1 3 2 5 2 6 54 23 60 18 33 3 91 Number of Settlements (ps . ) 59, 2 68 23 , 3 55 8 2 ,85 3 80, 3 98 9 3 , 2 19 1 3 , 23 0 2 1,55 2 8, 3 0 3 0,501 3 1,775 2 7, 3 41 2 7,0 32 6 3 ,867 80,589 40,157 17 3 ,19 106, 3 4 2 1 23 ,494 1,106,468 Population 9 58 79 61 66 49 65 44 56 60 11 5 2 3 4 3 7 3 0 3 8 3 6 2 6 811 (items) Number of Settlements Name of Rayon Kapshagai (u . a)* Aksu Alakol Balkhash Enbekshikazakh Eskeldy Zhambyl Ili Karasai Karatal Kerbulak Koksu Panfilov Raiymbek Sarkand Talgar Uigur Taldykorgan (u . a )* Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 1 3 Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in Almaty O blast 134

annexes

loans loans foreign grants and and grants foreign

50 . 00 2 0 . 00 80 . 00 50 . 00 10 . 00 2 1 . 67 3 0 . 00 70 . 00 10 . 00 3 0 . 00 70 . 00 45 . 00 1 2 0 . 00 606 . 67 legal entity entity legal

– local budget budget local 14 . 0 18 . 0 19 . 0 17 . 0 18 . 0 18 . 0 17 . 0 40 . 0 65 . 5 17 . 0 16 . 0 16 . 0 16 . 5 16 . 0 10 . 50 408 . 5 2 008

Sources of Financing cental state budget budget state cental 2 45

50 . 00 50 . 00 40 . 00 105 . 00

008 2 in Total

67 . 00 18 . 00 2 8 . 00 17 . 00 61 . 67 88 . 00 65 . 50 3 0 . 00 87 . 00 2 6 . 00 46 . 00 86 . 50 45 . 00 16 . 00

169 . 00 150 . 50 1 3 9 . 00 1 2 0 . 00 1, 2 60 .

loans loans foreign grants and and grants foreign

2 0 . 00 10 . 00 10 . 00 2 0 . 00  . 69 2 0 . 00 3 0 . 00 14  . 69 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local 2 4 . 50 2 7 . 00 2 0 . 16 61 . 50 16 . 00 14 . 00 3 0 . 00 44 . 00 10 . 00  . 00 15 . 50 16 . 80 2 1 . 00 68 . 0 3 91 . 66 2 007

Sources of Financing cental state budget budget state cental

 . 5 90 . 00 65 . 00 3 16 . 85 1 2 9 . 50

007 2 in Total

0 . 00

851 . 56 . 85 85 . 16 61 . 50 3 6 . 00 14 . 00 3 0 . 00 10 . 00 2 0 . 00 4  . 00 15 . 50  . 69 16 . 80 41 . 00 3 0 . 00 68 . 0 117 . 00 17  . 50

loans loans

foreign grants and and grants foreign 0 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local 5 . 55 19 . 70 97 . 77 3 0 . 80 1  . 00  . 57 2 7 . 1 3 3 0 .  . 14 411 . 99 1  . 0

2 006 Sources of Financing budget state cental

3 6 . 8 45 . 11 54 . 90 696 . 0 140 . 00 109 . 99 3 09 . 7

006 2 in Total – – – – – – – 19 . 70 50 . 66 1  . 00  . 57 8  . 0 3  . 14

140 . 00 1  . 0 1 3 4 . 60 140 . 79 33 9 . 40

1,108 . 19

loans loans

foreign grants and and grants foreign 0 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local 10 8 . 9 5  . 9 15 . 8 2 4  . 6 3 1  . 4 5  . 65 66 . 75 46 . 3 10 .

2 005 Sources of Financing budget state cental

46 . 3 9 . 01 3 6 . 46

23 7 . 065 115 . 75

005 2 in Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 15 . 8 2 46 . 8  . 64 1  . 4 45 . 6 5  . 65 66 . 75 46 . 547 . 85 169 . 175 Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Kapshagai (u . a)* Aksu Alakol Balkhash Enbekshikazakh Eskeldy Zhambyl Ili Karasai Karatal Kerbulak Koksu Panfilov Raiymbek Sarkand Talgar Uigur Taldykorgan (u . a )* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 3 1 2 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Almaty O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 135 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan Total Grand 71 . 500 3 89 . 400 3 69 . 790 3 46 . 100 22 7 . 960 17  . 660 1 3 7 . 800 167 . 670 2 57 . 0 2 1  . 170 3 77 . 60 1 3 7 . 40 145 . 000 2 6  . 8 0 3 68 . 0 3 1  . 690 444 . 175 405 . 440 4,806 . 515 3 0 . 00 2 0 . 00 3 0 . 00 50 . 00 50 . 00 55 . 00 50 . 00 3 0 . 00 54 . 67 40 . 00 grants foreign 110 . 00 100 . 00 1 3 0 . 00 749 . 67 and loans legal entity 10 . 00 3 0 . 00 40 . 00 10 . 00 10 . 00 3 0 . 00 2 0 . 00 2 0 . 00 3 0 . 00 10 . 00 3 0 . 00 10 . 00 10 . 00 3 0 . 00 2 90 . 00 – local budget Sources of Financing 2 009 - 010 – state cental budget

– – 2 010 10 . 00 40 . 00 3 0 . 00 60 . 00 2 0 . 00 70 . 00 75 . 00 80 . 00 40 . 00 84 . 67 10 . 00 10 . 00 70 . 00 2 009- 140 . 00 140 . 00 160 . 00 Total in 1,0 3 9 . 67 Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Kapshagai (u . a) Aksu Alakol Balkhash Enbekshikazakh Eskeldy Zhambyl Ili Karasai Karatal Kerbulak Koksu Panfilov Raiymbek Sarkand Talgar Uigur Taldykorgan (u . a ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 1 3 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Almaty O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) 136 annexes 5  . 7 67 . 0 70 . 8 66 . 6 6  . 0 70 . 9 5  . 9 54 . 6  . 9 81 . 0 58 . 6  . 9 71 . 1 5  . 1 77 . 80 . 0 81 . 1 57 . 8 68 . 6 as of 1 . 01 . 011 – – – (ps . ) 3 00 3 00 3 00 2 00 500 2 ,000 1, 2 00 2 ,500 2 ,500 2 ,500 1,5 2 0 1,000 5,000 1,500 1,800 23 ,1 2 0 for 2 010 increment 50 . 1 6  . 1 75 . 7 3 8 . 0 81 . 1 54 . 4 70 . 1 80 . 0 51 . 6 65 . 9 54 . 71 . 1 6  . 8 4  . 64 . 48 . 1 55 . 6 80 . 7 51 . 6 as of 1 . 01 . 010 (ps . ) 2 00 3 00 2 00 2 00 500 500 800 800 3 ,777 3 ,588 1, 3 14 3 ,795 1, 2 00 1,774 1,000 1,000 1,798 1,500 2 4, 46 for 2 009 increment 78 . 7 61 . 9 4  . 59 . 0 75 . 1 60 . 9 6  . 2 7 . 8 75 . 4 3 9 . 4 3 9 . 8 51 . 5 69 . 6 69 . 4 46 . 7 46 . 1 65 . 4 5  . 45 . 1 as of 1 . 01 . 009 – (ps . ) 2 00 3 00 3 00 232 32 17 6,06 2 3 ,507 6,9 3 7 2 ,141 4,01 3 5,516 1,000 4,589 1,065 4,175 1,000 11,18 2 55,4 3 6 for 2 008 increment 8 . 56 . 1 66 . 1 47 . 5 45 . 6 3 6 . 9 49 . 8 74 . 5 50 . 1 59 . 1 66 . 0 6  . 8  . 8 66 . 6 41 . 1 51 . 5 3 1 . 0 2 8 . 0 40 . 7 as of 1 . 01 . 008 – – – for 2 48 400 500 4,94 3 5, 2 19 8, 23 8 3 ,99 2 2 ,0 3 8 5,19 3 2 ,779 2 ,1 3 1 2 ,197 5,010 4,147 2 8,091 75,1 2 6 2 007(ps . ) increment 0 . 4 4  . 9 3 4 . 6 46 . 9 5  . 7  . 8 2 1 . 9 3 7 . 3 1 . 0 51 . 5 6  . 5 41 . 6 2 8 . 2 8 . 0 2 9 . 0 3 8 . 5 56 . 8 57 . 4  . as of 1 . 01 . 007 Access of population to drinking water (in % total population) – – – – – – (ps . ) 3 00 46 2 3 00 1, 33 0 3 ,895 3 , 87 5,6 3 1 1,048 1,485 1,600 1,500 8,561 2 9,499 for 2 006 increment 0 . 4 40 . 7 3 0 . 41 . 6 16 . 6 50 . 3 8 . 41 . 6 3 7 . 1  . 1 3 6 . 4 2 1 . 2 8 . 57 . 7 3 8 . 5 2 8 . 0 2 9 . 0  .  . as of 1 . 01 . 006 – – (ps . ) 2 65 4 33 2 00 169 575 3 ,550 3 ,000 1, 2 75 1,16 3 2 ,4 22 1,9 3 5 1,5 33 2 ,607 3 , 00 5,500 1,000 2 8,9 7 for 2 005 increment 0 . 4 2 7 . 5 14 . 6  . 0 2 6 . 8 2 9 . 5 41 . 1 45 .  . 0 14 . 9 2 7 .  . 4 2 8 .  . 8 2 7 . 2 5 . 8 2 8 . 2 0 . 7 3 4 . as of

1 . 01 . 005

.) (ps 005 . .01 01

water as of of as water access to drinking drinking to access

50 2 148

Population with with Population 3 ,11 3 ,846 9, 3 7 7,961 4,775 6,665 7,851

1 3 ,0 2 6 23 ,88 3 1 3 ,6 2 7 10, 3 78 1 3 ,811 11,806 10,580 11,570 11,405 164, 32 0

.) (ps 004 . .01 01 Population as of of as Population 3 ,4 8 10,546 16,870 40,759 41,057 55,084 88,994 23 ,807 3 5,4 4 2 5,851 33 ,177 3 5,985 22 ,97 2 2 4,446 41,86 3 40,8 2 4 3 4, 10 22 ,97 2 598, 3 89 Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Ridder (u . a )* Ust- Kamenogorsk (u . a )* Semipalatinsk (u . a )* Abai Ayagoz Beskaragai Borodulihinsky Glubokovsky Zharmin Zaisan Zyryanovsky Katon-Karagai Kokpekty Kurchum Tarbagatai Ulan Urdjar Shemonaihinsky 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 1 3 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 Access to Drinking Water in East – Kazakhstan O blast: Present and F uture Conditions Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 137 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 69 2 48 3 17 Population delivered water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 Number of settlements – – – – – – – – – – – 50 2 1 2 9 2 17 3 ,4 0 1,401 1 2 ,765 1 3 ,806 32 , 2 50 Population surface water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 0 1 0 0 4 4 2 0 3 0 67 Number of settlements local water sources 7,4 33 9, 2 40 2 ,9 3 6 1 2 ,0 23 3 5, 2 86 4 3 ,679 1 2 ,095 2 7,7 33 2 4,179 17,65 2 3 1, 2 8 2 6,548 2 4,9 3 7 1 3 ,7 2 0 15,846 19,550 15,681 61,681 401,50 2 Population ground water 2 4 5 9 Availability of Water Supply from: 4 3 2 9 2 0 2 5 6 2 5 2 17 19 65 23 56 17 22 19 489 Number of settlements – 5 . 8 2 5 . 00 59 . 00 9  . 90 77 . 70 2 8 . 00 2 4 . 00  . 00 59 . 67 5  . 90 50 . 85 . 00 3 6 . 90 156 . 00 188 . 00 1 3 4 . 10 111 . 40 1, 2 01 . 89 Length of Water Pipe Network (km) 50 2 148 9, 3 7 3 ,11 3 ,846 7,961 4,775 6,665 7,851 1 3 ,6 2 7 1 3 ,811 10, 3 78 1 3 ,0 2 6 23 ,88 3 11,806 10,580 11,570 11,405 164, 32 0 Population centralized water supply system 5 1 6 2 5 8 6 2 1 1 2 2 4 3 5 2 7 1 2 2 1 17 11 22 17 233 Number of Settlements (ps . ) 3 ,4 8 23 ,807 3 5,4 4 33 ,177 3 5,985 2 4,446 40,8 2 4 41,86 3 3 4, 10 22 ,97 2 2 5,851 22 ,97 2 10,546 16,870 40,759 41,057 55,084 88,994 598, 3 89 Population 7 3 7 18 10 64 65 40 77 47 64 61 54 68 44 50 40 3 0 4 2 (ps . ) 818 Population (items) Total in Oblast Shemonaihinsky Number of Settlements Ust-Kamenogorsk (u . a )* Ridder (u . a )* Semipalatinsk (u . a )* Abai Ayagoz Beskaragai Borodulihinsky Glubokovsky Zharmin Zaisan Zyryanovsky Katon-Karagai Kokpekty Kurchum Tarbagatai Ulan Urdjar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 1 3 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in East-Kazakhstan O blast 138

annexes

and loans loans and foreign grants grants foreign

 . 00 5 . 00 5 . 00

10 . 00 2 5 . 00 17 . 00 3 5 . 00 2 7 . 00 40 . 00  . 00 2 5 . 00 45 . 00 45 . 00 4  . 00 55 . 00 3 5 . 00 84 . 00  . 00 544 . 00 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 0 57 . 00 2 1 . 60 3 0 . 00 45 . 00 4  . 00 2 0 . 00 2 8 . 00 1  . 00 17 . 40 90 . 00 3 9 . 00 55 . 00 85 . 00 54  . 00

2 008 budget budget

Sources of Financing cental state state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

47 . 00 2 00 . 3 6  . 1 2 609 . 1 2

008 2 in Total  . 00 5 . 00

50 . 00 10 . 00 8  . 00 17 . 00 48 . 60 70 . 00 65 . 00 45 . 00 7  . 00 57 . 00 59 . 40  . 00

2 74 . 00 157 . 00 1 2 5 . 00 5 3 1 . 2 1695 . 1 2

and loans loans and foreign grants grants foreign 0

 . 50 1 . 00 7 . 50 7 . 50 7 . 50 0 . 00 7 . 50 7 . 50 7 . 50

10 . 50 1  . 50 1  . 50 1  . 50 1  . 50 16 . 50 10 . 50  . 00 160 . 00 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 . 00 10 . 00 50 . 00  . 00 4  . 00  . 00 1  . 00 3 0 . 00 3 5 . 00 1 3 0 . 00 400 . 00

2 007 budget budget

Sources of Financing cental state state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 5 . 00 50 . 00 4  . 00 44  . 00 1 3 0 . 00 100 . 00 160 . 00 960 . 00

007 2 in Total 1 . 00 7 . 50 7 . 50 7 . 50

5  . 50 2 9 . 50 4  . 50 70 . 50 55 . 50 3 0 . 50 2 4 . 50 4  . 50 47 . 50 5  . 50

44  . 00 1 3 0 . 00 161 . 50 3 1  . 00 15 2 0 . 00

and loans loans and

foreign grants grants foreign 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 . 60 4 . 0 9 . 56 9 . 40

19 . 60 44 . 0 51 . 10 54 . 80

2 0  . 46

2 006 budget Sources of Financing state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 2 9 . 70 2 50 . 00 16  . 50 84  . 0

006 2 in Total ------9 . 60 4 . 0 9 . 56 9 . 40

19 . 60 44 . 0 51 . 10

4 2 9 . 70 3 04 . 80 16  . 50 1044 . 66

and loans loans and

foreign grants grants foreign 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0  . 89 7 . 96 6 . 00 9 . 50 5 . 9 . 85 17 . 46 17 . 00  . 65 19 . 51  . 49 1  . 45 2 8 . 0 18 . 00 2 1  . 01

2 005 budget budget

Sources of Financing cental state state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

50 . 00 70 . 00 40 . 7 2 8  . 2 4  . 04

005 2 in Total 0 0  . 89 7 . 96 6 . 00 9 . 50 5 . 9 . 85  . 65 19 . 51 50 . 00  . 49 87 . 46 1  . 45 2 8 . 0 18 . 00 40 . 7 2 99 . 456 . 05 Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Ust-Kamenogorsk (u . a )* Ridder (u . a )* Semipalatinsk (u . a )* Abai Ayagoz Beskaragai Borodulihinsky Glubokovsky Zharmin Zaisan Zyryanovsky Katon-Karagai Kokpekty Kurchum Tarbagatai Ulan Urdjar Shemonaihinsky 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 1 3 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of East-Kazakhstan O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 139 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan

Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

and loans loans and foreign grants grants foreign 6 . 40 5 . 00 1  . 00 4  . 00 90 . 00 70 . 00 95 . 00 95 . 00 95 . 00

145 . 00 105 . 00 165 . 00 22 0 . 00 1 3 5 . 00 3 60 . 00 170 . 00 170 . 00 168 . 00

2 ,150 . 40 legal entity entity legal 0 0

 . 00

10 . 00  . 50 16 . 00  . 00 2 4 . 50  . 00  . 00 3 8 . 50 5  . 00  . 50 84 . 00  . 00 3 8 . 50 3 9 . 50 3 9 . 00 500 . 00 local budget budget local - 5 . 00 7 . 00 55 . 00 3 5 . 00 40 . 00 80 . 00 50 . 00 80 . 00 90 . 00 90 . 00 60 . 00 3 0 . 00 55 . 00 180 . 00 100 . 00 105 . 00 100 . 00

1,16  . 00 Sources of Financing

2 009 - 010

budget budget cental state state cental - - 9 . 00

3 0 . 00 70 . 00 50 . 00 65 . 00 60 . 00 2 0 . 00 66 . 00

140 . 00 140 . 00 110 . 00 170 . 00 165 . 00 160 . 00 1 3 8 . 00 107 . 00 1500 . 00

010 2 009- 2

in Total 6 . 40 88 . 00  . 00 23 7 . 50 171 . 00 2 8  . 00 3 49 . 50 448 . 50 185 . 00 22 7 . 00 3 08 . 00 484 . 50 47  . 00 45  . 50 500 . 00 33 4 . 50 494 . 00 23 8 . 00 5, 3 1  . 40 Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Ust-Kamenogorsk (u . a )* Ridder (u . a )* Semipalatinsk (u . a )* Abai Ayagoz Beskaragai Borodulihinsky Glubokovsky Zharmin Zaisan Zyryanovsky Katon-Karagai Kokpekty Kurchum Tarbagatai Ulan Urdjar Shemonaihinsky 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 1 3 Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of East-Kazakhstan O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 140 annexes 71 . 0 7  . 5 79 . 0 76 . 9 8  . 1 7  . 1 78 . 7 77 . 5 70 . 8 61 . 0 96 . 75 . 4 70 . 81 . 9 as of 1 . 01 . 011 – – (ps . ) 2 ,849 2 , 3 49 3 ,500 3 , 2 50 5,8 2 8 4, 2 9 3 1, 2 8 3 ,550 5, 2 79 1,680 4,700 3 8,560 for 2 009 and 2 010 increment 6  . 6  . 67 . 0 57 . 68 . 65 . 4 6  . 6  . 8 81 . 9 70 . 9 96 . 6  . 1 44 . 7 48 . 6 as of and 2 010 1 . 01 . 009 – – – – (ps . ) 2 41 469 2 2 405 32 8 2 1 2 00 191 3 55 2 0 3 45 2 688 2 5 3 94 for 2 008 increment 50 . 4 54 . 9 6  . 1 54 . 8 96 . 3 8 . 6  . 54 . 9 5  . 0 44 . 7 50 . 0 80 . 7 48 . 6 57 . 1 as of 1 . 01 . 008 – – – – – – – for 775 4,99 2 9,7 22 2 , 40 4,516 5,080 2 7, 32 5 2 007(ps . ) increment 3 6 . 7 76 . 6 57 . 1 46 . 9 3 6 . 7 96 . 4  . 0 3 8 . 6  . 54 . 9 4  . 5 4  . 44 . 7 50 . 0 as of 1 . 01 . 007 – – (ps . ) 791 659 2 ,874 1, 23 6 2 , 00 3 ,801 4,576 5,644 4,957 1,110 4,408 32 , 2 56 for 2 006 Access of population to drinking water (in % total population) increment  . 1 2 8 . 9 44 . 7 70 . 45 . 9 3 7 . 6 3 9 . 51 . 3 4 . 3 7 . 8 2 7 . 9 96 . 3 4 .  . 6 as of 1 . 01 . 006 (ps . ) 64 2 7 3 5 477 2 , 69 3 , 2 7 4,0 22 1, 2 78 2 ,988 3 ,475 2 , 3 70 1,91 3 1,611 1,710 2 6,76 for 2 005 increment 2 7 . 1 19 . 9  . 9 2 7 . 14 . 8 6  . 5 3 0 . 5 2 9 . 8 3 1 . 7 2 4 . 47 . 8 2 9 . 3 4 . 1  . 4 as of 1 . 01 . 005 (ps . ) 2 94 7, 2 79 4, 2 18 7, 32 4 5,95 2 5,645 5,744 8,764 6,709 9,998 1 2 ,480 1 2 ,195 16,005 10 2 ,606 Population to drinking water as of with access 01 . . 005 (ps . ) as of 1,979 46,01 2 23 ,5 2 0 18, 32 8 5 3 ,589 3 6,565 19,69 2 18,4 2 8 2 6,911 4 2 ,767 17,799 19,197 19,495 3 44, 2 8 Population 01 . . 004 Rayon Name of Ural (u . a )* Akzhaik Burlinsky Dzhangaly Zhanibek Zelenovsky Kaztalovsky Karabota Bokeiorda Syrym Taskaly Terekty Shingyrlau Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 3 1 2 10 11 Access to Drinking Water in West-Kazakhstan O blast: Present and F uture Conditions Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 141 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan %  . 0 . 0 . 8 . 5 6 . 1 0 . 0 . 8 . 9 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 .  . 4 8 . – – – – – – – – 1,509 1,445 1,764 1,760 8,107 1,6 2 9 Population delivered water 0 0 2 1 0 5 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 14 Number of Settlements 0 % 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 5 . 41 8 . 0 9 . 0 . 5 3 47 . 19 3 5 . 51 – – – – – – – – 22 6 1,054 3 ,0 33 11,098 16, 33 8 3 1,749 Population surface water 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 18 44 Number of Settlements %  . 64 . 1 58 . 6 85 . 3 7 . 4 59 . 8 5  . 7  . 8 3 6 . 5 66 . 8 71 . 8 57 . 0 68 . 76 . 1 local water sources 1,685 9,564 7,00 2 5, 233 1 2 ,489 17,195 10,645 19,587 3 5,8 2 0 2 6, 5 3 11, 223 1 2 ,581 32 ,54 3 2 01,8 0 Population ground water Availability of Water Supply from: 4 2 2 4 2 5 3 4 2 7 17 56 54 16 19 33 48 3 59 Number of Settlements % 3 1 . 7 2 2 4 . 3 4 . 07  . 8 14 . 84 47 . 8 2 2 9 . 87  . 89 3 0 . 5 2 9 . 80 2 7 . 1 19 . 91 2 7 . 6  . 5 2 2 7 3 4 71 47 33 3 1 448 1  . 9 17 . 5 57 . 9 2 6 . 8  . 4 74 . 5 Length of Water Pipe Network (km) 2 94 5,645 5,744 8,764 6,709 9,998 7, 2 79 4, 2 18 7, 32 4 5,95 2 16,005 1 2 ,480 1 2 ,195 10 2 ,606 Population centralized water supply system 1 5 8 4 3 3 6 3 6 8 6 17 11 81

Number of Settlements

.) (ps Population

1,979

23 ,5 2 0 18, 32 8 19,69 2 18,4 2 8 2 6,911 46,01 2 5 3 ,589 3 6,565 4 2 ,767 17,799 19,197 19,495 3 44, 2 8

Settlements (items) Settlements Number of of Number 5 3 4 2 8 2 0 2 5 2 5 3 9 3 5 57 78 59 60 33 498 Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Ural (u . a ) Akzhaik Burlinsky Dzhangaly Zhanibek Zelenovsky Kaztalovsky Karabota Bokeiorda Syrym Taskaly Terekty Shingyrlau 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 1 2 1 3 Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in West-Kazakhstan O blast Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 142

annexes Grand Total Total Grand 411 . 7 197 . 9 33 4 . 6 16 . 95 19  . 96 32 6 . 55 6 3 0 . 7

3 90 . 78 2 51 . 077 3 54 . 948 84  . 71 2 605 . 987  . 485

4,789 . 9 22 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 legal entity entity legal

60 70 80 70 80 110 470 local budget budget local 0 0 2 5

Financing

6  . 5  . 6 99 . 1 5  . Sources of 2 6  . 4 cental state budget budget state cental

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 009- 010

011 2 009- 2 in Total 0 0 2 5 60 70 80 70 80

110

99 . 1 6  . 5 5  .  . 6 7  . 4 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 0

70 . 6 56 . 19 . 8 3 6 . 1

498 . 5 100 . 4 100 . 115 . 1 2 008 budget state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9

70 . 5 Sources of Financing

1 2 7 . 5 86 . 96 49  . 11 168 . 15

008 2 in Total 0 0 0 0 3 9

56 .

100 . 4 100 . 198 . 1 115 . 1 86 . 96 106 . 6 990 . 61 187 . 95 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 8 . 9 7  . 1  . 9 3 8 . 7 2 5 . 7 2 00 . cental state budget budget state cental 2 007 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sources of Financing

8  . 595 1 2 . 86 416 . 7 71 . 747 1 3 9 . 068

007 2 in Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7  . 1  . 9

160 . 56 616 . 57 97 . 447 11  . 495 1 3 9 . 068 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 0 0

18 . 8 17 . 8 98 . 16 . 8 3 4 . 1 5  . 23 9 . 4 107 . 1 cental state budget budget state cental 0 0 0 0 2 006 Sources of Financing

16 . 95

84 . 19 2 3 0 . 5 32 7 . 17 2 7 . 077 2 0 . 7 23 3 6 . 565 2 94 . 6 3 5 1 2 4 . 078 961 . 715

006 2 in Total 0 17 . 8 16 . 95 107 . 1 23 9 . 4 84 . 19 2 3 0 . 5 32 7 . 17 4  . 877 54 . 8 23

3 1  . 4 5 1 2 4 . 078 1 3 4 . 765

1,49  . 915 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local 0 0 5 0 0 0

9 . 8 5 . 9 1 . 8 6 . 7 4 . 5 . 7

118 . 1 157 . 4 cental state budget budget state cental 2 005 0 0 0 0 3 5 4  . 1  . 7 Sources of Financing

50 . 5 3 9 . 68

11  . 96 798 . 0 2 7 151 . 756 23 4 . 18 2 108 . 99

005 2 in Total 0 9 . 8 5 . 9 3 6 . 8 4  . 1 2 8 . 4 56 . 95 44 . 08 118 . 1 11  . 96 955 . 4 2 7 151 . 756 23 9 . 18 2 108 . 99 Rayon Name of Ural (u . a )* Akzhaik Burlinsky Dzhangaly Zhanibek Zelenovsky Kaztalovsky Karabota Bokeiorda Syrym Taskaly Terekty Shingyrlau Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 1 3 1 2 Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of West-Kazakhstan O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 143 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 77 . 0 77 . 9 70 . 9 80 . 0 78 . 5 69 . 66 . 6 79 . 4 87 . 7 as of 1 . 01 . 011 950 500 645 1,087 4, 32 4 4,5 3 8 1, 2 15 3 , 22 0 16,479 2 010 (ps . ) increment for 2 009 and 74 . 69 . 8 4  . 7 49 . 5 75 . 74 . 9 76 . 4 70 . 80 . 9 as of and 2 010 1 . 01 . 009 (ps . ) 2 50 5 3 4 4, 2 07 8,8 33 3 ,84 2 for 2 008 increment 74 . 69 . 8 4  . 7 49 . 5 61 . 1 7  . 74 . 6 66 . 7 7  . as of 1 . 01 . 008 for 156 750 4,076 7,551 2 ,569 2 007(ps . ) increment 74 . 47 . 4 67 . 6  . 7 69 . 8 4  . 7 49 . 5 7  . 0 7  . 1 as of 1 . 01 . 007 (ps . ) 1 3 0 5764 110 3 5,000 11,997 Access of population to drinking water (in % total population) for 2 006 increment 74 . 7  . 4 58 . 8 69 . 8 55 . 1 4  . 7 49 . 5 3 0 . 5 68 . 5 as of 1 . 01 . 006 (ps . ) 4 3 1,654 1,761 2 ,654 2 ,4 22 2 ,460 4, 2 15 1,08 3 16,68 3 for 2 005 increment 64 . 1 5  . 0 64 . 49 . 9 41 . 40 . 67 . 9 16 . 65 . 0 as of 1 . 01 . 005 6,970 4,815 1 3 ,66 2 3 0,698 23 ,566 10,675 17,680 19,764 1 2 7,8 3 Population to drinking water as of with access 1 . 01 . 005 (ps ) (ps . ) as of 16,9 3 5 2 6,555 2 6,0 9 2 9,6 4 2 1, 3 15 3 0,4 2 5 47,759 47,186 2 45,8 8 1 . 01 . 004 Population Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Kyzylorda (u . a)* Aral Zhalagash Zhanakorgan Kazaly Karmakshy Syrdarya Shyili 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 № Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Access to Drinking Water in Kyzylorda O blast: Present and F uture Conditions 144 annexes % 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 .  . 4 0 . 0 . 1 – – – – – – 2 1 6 32 65 3 Population delivered water 0 6 0 0 3 0 0 0 9 Number of Settlements % 0 . 5 . 9 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 7 0 . 0 . 1 – – – – – 9 2 2 7 1575 1695 Population surface water 0 3 0 0 6 2 0 0 11 Number of Settlements % 51 . 5 58 . 8 47 . 0 3 5 . 7 3 5 . 0  . 1 8  . 4 3 5 . 8 50 . 1 local water sources 9,965 8, 3 48 7,6 2 5 1 3 ,67 17,061 10,661 2 4,696 23 ,6 2 0 115,648 Population ground water Availability of Water Supply from: 2 2 3 0 1 2 10 44 16 16 1 32 Number of Settlements % 41 . 67 . 9 16 . 40 . 65 . 0 64 . 49 . 9 5  . 0 64 . 1 5 2 115 3 6 . 5 67 . 5 47 . 57 . 48 . 85 2 08 . 6 6  . 05 Length of Water Pipe Network (km) 6,970 4,815 10,675 17,681 19,764 3 0,698 1 3 ,66 2 23 ,566 1 2 7,8 32 Population centralized water supply system 8 4 2 5 19 15 10 14 23 118

Number of Settlements

.) (ps Population

2 1, 3 15 16,9 3 5 2 6,555 2 6,0 9 2 9,6 4 3 0,4 2 5 47,759 47,186 2 45,8 8

Settlements (items) Settlements Number of of Number 3 7 2 8 3 9 18 58 17 57 16 2 70 Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Kyzylorda (u . a)* Aral Zhalagash Zhanakorgan Kazaly Karmakshy Syrdarya Shyili 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 № Note: * u.a.- urban agglomerate Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in Kyzylorda O blast 145 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan

Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local 3 5 3 0 3 0 3 0 70 70 2 0

75 . 8 3 60 . 8 cental state budget budget state cental

Sources of Financing

2 009 – 010 1,9 2 5 . 1,9 2 5 .

011 2 009- 2 in

Total 3 5 3 0 3 0 3 0 70 70 2 0

2 ,001 . 0 2 , 86 . 0 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local

3 9 3 9 cental state budget budget state cental 2 008

2 97 . 0

Sources of Financing 1,011 . 00 1,799 . 50 3 ,107 . 80

008 2 in Total – 0 0 0 0

2 97 . 0

1,050 . 00 1,799 . 50 3 ,146 . 80 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local

2 7 . 0 2 7 . 0 cental state budget budget state cental 2 007 500 3 00 Sources of Financing

1,010 . 0 1,810 . 0

007 2 in Total 0 0 0 0 0 500 3 00

1,0 3 7 . 1,8 3 7 . foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local

 . 6  . 6 cental state budget budget state cental 2 006 2 50 884 Sources of Financing 94 . 7

6  . 8

1,850 . 65

006 2 in Total 0 0 0 0 2 50 884 94 . 7

655 . 74

1,884 . 01 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 legal entity entity legal

0 local budget budget local 18

7 . 19 2 8 . 9

3 7 . 55 2 6 . 64 18 . 86 3 6 . 7  . 195 . 7 3 2 005 budget state cental

40 3 Sources of Financing

17 . 186 . 606 . 6

005 2 in Total 7 . 19 3 5 . 2 8 . 9 18 . 86 3 6 . 7  . 440 . 55 2 1  . 94 80  . Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Kyzylorda (u . a)* Aral Zhalagash Zhanakorgan Kazaly Karmakshy Syrdarya Shyili 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 № Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Kyzylorda O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 146 annexes 79 . 9 97 . 5 77 . 1 61 . 8 8  . 5 77 . 7 64 . 0 9  . 4 98 . 8 87 . 9 69 . 9 77 . 6 98 . 6 70 . 0 as of 100 . 0 1 . 01 . 011 0 (ps . ) 800 800 900 2 ,400 3 ,000 2 ,500 3 ,000 2 ,500 8,800 1,700 6,700 1,400 1,500 3 6,000 for 2 010 increment 84 . 5 71 . 5 86 . 8 68 . 4 96 . 7 55 . 7 90 . 9 71 . 0 47 . 90 . 0 70 . 7 65 . 6  . 7 6  . 9 as of 100 . 0 010 1 . 01 . 010 (ps . ) 2 64 2 00 1, 3 00 2 ,000 2 ,100 1, 2 00 1, 2 00 2 ,000 5,000 1,000 1,500 1,000 7,000 1,500 2 7, 64 for 2 009 increment 66 . 5 55 . 8 81 . 8 65 . 1 69 . 4 3 7 . 85 . 8 77 . 9 6  . 4 96 . 1 59 . 9 5  . 8 49 . 84 . 6  . as of 1 . 01 . 009 (ps . ) 600 800 4,6 2 0 3 , 2 00 2 ,160 7,860 1,800 5,500 1,100 1,000 4,600 6,540 1,000 1,000 41,780 for 2 008 increment 0 54 . 6 55 . 46 . 5 5  . 6 9  . 40 . 7  . 6 8  . 4 70 . 0 41 . 7 77 . 4 3 5 . 6 58 . 5 78 . 8 as of 1 . 01 . 008 0 for 800 2 ,770 3 ,500 3 ,190 2 , 50 2 ,500 4,54 3 2 ,500 1, 2 00 3 ,000 5,660 5,000 6,500 4 3 ,41 2 007(ps . ) increment 0 40 . 0 45 . 3 6 . 4 44 . 7 87 . 1 65 . 8 3 1 . 2 8 . 9 1  . 9 71 . 7 64 . 6 74 . 4 3 4 . 2 5 . as of 1 . 01 . 007 Access of population to drinking water (in % total population) – – (ps . ) 800 500 2 ,800 2 ,160 2 , 22 8 2 ,000 5, 2 69 1, 3 76 1, 2 48 4,000 8,000 1,876 32 , 2 57 for 2 006 increment 0 6 . 2 5 . 3 7 . 6 3 0 . 14 . 9 2 1 . 4 64 . 6 3 8 . 5 71 . 7 68 . 81 . 8 55 . 1 2 5 . 6  . 0 as of 1 . 01 . 006 – (ps . ) 3 71 800 1,150 4,000 6,500 2 ,180 2 , 33 0 3 ,000 2 ,11 3 2 ,100 2 ,490 2 ,9 3 0 1,8 2 6 3 1,790 for 2 005 increment 0 5 . 7 . 9 0 . 6  . 3 0 .  . 4 58 . 9 59 . 61 . 1 2 6 . 9 76 . 1 50 . 0 1  . 4 14 . 4 as of 1 . 01 . 005 – 2 9 4,401 9, 3 14 2 ,156 3 ,809 3 , 2 11 3 ,048 11,589 10,716 1 3 ,9 6 1 3 ,76 2 2 8, 3 48 2 4,469 1 2 9,051 Population to drinking water as of with access 1 . 01 . 005 (ps ) Name of Rayon Petropavlovsk (u . a )* Aiyrtau Akzhar Zhumabaev Esil Zhambyl Kyzylzhar Mamlyu Shal Akyn Akkaiyn Taiynshy Timiryazevsky Ualikhan Musrepov Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 1 3 10 11 14 Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Access to Drinking Water in North-Kazakhstan O blast: Present and F uture Conditions 147 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 3 >150 >150 75-150 75-150 KZT/m up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 Water Tariff, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 87 681 615 1,4 3 1 2 , 99 8, 3 14 1,011 1,990 Population delivered water 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 5 6 3 2 0 23 Number of Settlements 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 16 6, 2 00 5,884 Population surface water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 16 17 Number of Settlements from local sources 864 9,55 2 8, 2 06 7,19 3 7, 222 8,770 2 5, 3 60 4 3 ,09 2 18,1 3 0 5 2 ,015 2 4, 1 3 23 ,869 3 6,7 33 18,777 2 8 3 ,996 Population Availability of Water Supply from: ground water 5 9 3 4 2 0 5 2 2 0 8 3 2 6 3 7 86 55 41 18 65 551 Number of Settlements 0 % 0 . 6 5 . 7 . 9 61 . 1 50 . 0 59 . 2 6 . 9 76 . 1 1  . 4 14 . 4 3 0 .  . 4 58 . 9  . 0 2 9 9 3 14 4401 2 ,156 3 ,809 3 , 2 11 3 ,048 1 3 ,76 2 2 4,469 1 3 ,9 6 2 8, 3 48 11,589 10,716 1 2 9,051 Population 0 2 8 6 2 8 5 6 2 8 2 9 14 11 50 15 centralized water supply system 184 Number of Settlements (ps . ) 864 23 ,488 22 ,5 32 3 4,674 48,95 3 18,9 3 8 2 1,178 5 2 , 3 07 3 5,80 2 3 7, 23 5 48, 22 8 23 ,978 41,188 18,196 4 2 7,561 Population 5 2 9 3 5 6 3 7 3 4 3 7 2 2 7 4 3 88 60 71 98 33 740 (items) Number of Settlements Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Petropavlovsk (u . a )* Aiyrtau Akzhar Zhumabaev Esil Zhambyl Kyzylzhar Mamlyu Shal Akyn Akkaiyn Taiynshy Timiryazevsky Ualikhan Musrepov 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 14 1 2 1 3 Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in North-Kazakhstan O blast Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 148

annexes

and loans loans and foreign grants grants foreign 0 0 0 0 0

18 . 00 90 . 65 80 . 00 60 . 00 10 . 00 15 . 00 8  . 00 1 2 0 . 00 100 . 00 575 . 65 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 . 10 51 . 00 3 4 . 10 66 . 00  . 00 3 4 . 0  . 00 2 4 . 00 2 5 . 00 3 14 . 40

2 007

Sources of Financing budget budget cental state state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 . 00

2 00 . 101 . 94 1 3 5 . 67 3 00 . 2 8  . 00 180 . 94

1, 3 70 . 55

007 2 in Total 0 69 . 00 3 4 . 10  . 00

2 10 . 00 146 . 10 1  . 94 181 . 65 2 40 . 67 3 00 . 3 4  . 00 166 . 00 195 . 94 116 . 0

2 , 60 .

and loans loans and foreign grants grants foreign 0 0 0 0

4 . 00

2 4 . 00 71 . 4 91 . 00 60 . 00 2 5 . 00 2 0 . 00 98 . 00 175 . 00 105 . 00 67  . 4 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 . 59 96 . 0  . 49  . 00 64 . 59 47 . 60  . 15 2 0 . 185 . 40 5 2 9 .

2 006

Sources of Financing budget budget cental state state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 . 00

150 . 00 3 00 . 176 . 6 2 1 3 0 . 00 2 00 . 22 9 . 06

1, 2 55 . 68

006 2 in Total 0 0 2 4 . 00 2 7 . 00

23 1 . 59 3 96 . 0 3 60 . 40 161 . 57 2 67 . 6 2 0  . 60 2 00 . 1 3 8 . 49 2 71 . 1 16  . 59

2 ,458 . 7

and loans loans and foreign grants grants foreign 0 0 0 0

6 . 00 5 . 00  . 6

2 0 . 00 10 . 00 15 . 00 18 . 00 3 0 . 00 10 . 00 4  . 00 159 . 6 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 16 3 7 . 0 18 . 0 2 8 . 0 16 . 0 41 . 5 14 . 44 1  . 7 3 14 . 99 3 1 . 4 23 0 . 41

2 005

Sources of Financing budget budget cental state state cental 0 0 0 0 0 9  . 00 80 . 00 77 . 0 47 . 14

32 0 . 00 18  . 60 2 80 . 00 3 4 . 47 2 55 . 4

1, 3 69 . 75

005 2 in Total 0 3 4 . 99 57 . 0 2 8 . 00 2 1 . 00 75 . 14 74 . 4 3

148 . 5 11  . 44 32 0 . 00 2 06 . 07 2 80 . 00 144 . 0 2 57 . 70

1,759 . 5 2 Population Population 864 5 2 , 3 07 23 ,488 3 7, 23 5 3 5,80 2 3 4,674 48,95 3 18,9 3 8 2 1,178 22 ,5 32 48, 22 8 23 ,978 18,196 41,188 4 2 7,561 Name of Rayon Petropavlovsk (u . a )* Aiyrtau Akzhar Zhumabaev Esil Zhambyl Kyzylzhar Mamlyu Shal Akyn Akkaiyn Taiynshy Timiryazevsky Ualikhan Musrepov Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 3 1 2 10 11 14 Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of North-Kazakhstan O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u . a – urban agglomerate 149 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 . 00 2 7 . 3 49 . 00 46 . 00 11 . 00 6  . 00 5  . 00 grants

foreign 18  . 00 4 3 6 . 7

and loans legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 . 00 3 0 . 00 90 . 00 50 . 00 60 . 00 80 . 00 15 . 00 3 0 . 00 3 6  . 00

Sources of Financing budget budget

2 009 – 010 cental state state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 61 . 40

674 . 50 1  . 70 2 65 . 90 6 2 5 . 50 550 . 00

2 , 3 00 .

011 2 009- 2 in

Total 7 . 00 90 . 00 60 . 00 77 . 7 3 66 . 40 15 . 00 8  . 00

674 . 50 1  . 70 2 1  . 00 14  . 00 3 14 . 90 671 . 50 561 . 00

3 ,098 . 7

and loans loans and foreign grants grants foreign 0 0 0 0 0

84 . 1 90 . 00 60 . 00 10 . 00 2 0 . 00 1  . 00 8  . 00 160 . 00 100 . 00 618 . 1 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 5 . 00 3 4 . 10 2 5 . 00 3 4 . 10 66 . 00 4  . 00 50 . 00  . 00 51 . 00 2 8 . 00 3 68 . 0

2 008

Sources of Financing budget budget cental state state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 . 00 60 . 00

2 18 . 0 150 . 00 1 3 0 . 00 2 40 . 00 150 . 00

11,58 . 0

008 2 in Total 5 . 00  . 00 51 . 00 2 0 . 00 2 8 . 00 1  . 00 2 10 . 00 188 . 41  . 0 2 10 . 00 140 . 00 2 74 . 10 22 6 . 00 2 75 . 00 2 ,144 . 81 Name of Rayon Petropavlovsk (u . a )* Aiyrtau Akzhar Zhumabaev Esil Zhambyl Kyzylzhar Mamlyu Shal Akyn Akkaiyn Taiynshy Timiryazevsky Ualikhan Musrepov Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 14 1 3 1 2 Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of North-Kazakhstan O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) 150 annexes 57 . 81 . 4 69 . 9 89 . 85 . 6 8  . 9 54 . 9 87 . 71 . 0 61 . 5  . 78 . 1 65 . 5 71 . as of 1 . 01 . 011 (ps . ) 800 600 6,000 1,400 1,500 1, 3 00 2 ,000 2 ,000 2 ,000 3 , 2 00 3 ,800 3 ,000 2 ,500 3 0,100 for 2 010 increment 86 . 6 3 9 . 0 74 . 5 8  . 7 45 . 5 78 . 0 6  . 7 48 . 4 3 6 . 6  . 1 6  . 4 7  . 8 57 . 61 . as of 010 1 . 01 . 010 (ps . ) 800 400 481 3 19 4,000 1,100 2 ,500 2 ,000 2 ,500 2 ,000 2 ,500 1, 2 00 1, 222 2 1,0 22 for 2 009 increment 66 . 4 2 6 . 7 54 . 4 3 8 . 3 4 . 8 51 . 6 4  . 51 . 67 . 5  . 1 54 . 84 . 0 67 . 4 80 . 7 as of 1 . 01 . 009 (ps . ) 500 800 4 2 9 1,500 4,000 1,500 1,500 1,000 8,187 1,500 1,500 2 ,404 2 ,57 3 2 7, 3 9 for 2 008 increment 8 .  . 8  . 6 59 . 5 14 . 5 48 . 3 0 . 6 4  . 9 45 . 51 . 9 3 6 . 1 50 . 5 64 . 5 67 . 9 as of 1 . 01 . 008 – – – – – – for 1,000 1,066 2 , 233 2 , 7 5, 2 88 3 ,0 22 2 ,968 17,849 2 007(ps . ) increment 8 . 59 . 5 3 7 . 5 3 9 . 3 0 . 6 2 5 . 4 4  . 9 2 8 . 0  . 9 79 . 14 . 5 48 . 48 . 0 5  . as of 1 . 01 . 007 Access of population to drinking water (in % total population) – – – – (ps . ) 715 2 00 2 00 81 2 1,500 3 ,000 5, 2 55 1,66 3 3 ,106 16,451 for 2 006 increment 8 . 2 7 .  . 9  . 0 6  . 1 5  . 1  . 9 41 .  . 9 4  . 6 3 0 . 6 3 7 . 9 2 5 . 4 4  . 9 as of 1 . 01 . 006 – – – – – – – – – (ps . ) 989 800 1,5 33 4, 322 1,000 for 2 005 increment 8 .  . 9 6  . 1 48 . 0 2 1 . 19 . 7 3 0 . 6 2 5 . 4  . 5 1  . 9 41 . 4  . 6  . 9 4  . 9 as of 1 . 01 . 005 (ps . ) 5,10 2 5, 2 56 5,9 3 1 7, 2 66 1,67 3 5, 3 97 4,555 9,951 7,987 6,847 8,967 18,95 3 10, 3 68 98, 2 5 3 1 . 01 . 005 Population to drinking water as of with access (ps . ) as of 15,508 3 0,5 1 2 1,615 32 ,7 3 4 2 4,097 18, 33 0 2 4,9 32 3 0,144 23 ,748 2 0,19 3 19,10 3 2 1, 23 1 2 0,4 3 7 3 0 2 ,60 1 . 01 . 004 Population Rayon Name of Aktobe (u . a )* Aitekebi Algynsky Baigany Irgiz Kargaly Kobdy Martuk Mugalzhar Temir Uil Khromtau Shalkar Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 № 1 2 10 11 1 3 Access to Drinking Water in Aktobe O blast: Present and F uture Conditions Note: * u.a.- urban agglomerate 151 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 50 . 0 70 . 9  . 6 2 9 .  . 0 9  . 7 2 5 . 0 4  . 8  . 0 54 . 0 10 . 0 2 5 . 9 49 . 2 44 . 5 Length of water pipe network (km) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (ps . ) 2 47 696 94 3 Population delivered water 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Number of Settlements

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (ps . ) Population surface water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of Settlements

local sources: (ps . ) 22 ,119 11,578 16,48 2 1 3 ,450 17,060 10, 3 4 10,406 2 4, 1 3 19,676 1 2 , 56 18,5 2 0 15,8 3 4 11,470 2 0 3 ,407 Population ground water 2 7 2 9 3 7 15 3 6 23 18 14 40 23 3 5 22 32 3 51 (items) Number of Settlements % 5,10 2 4,555 5,9 3 1 9,951 5, 2 56 7,987 7, 2 66 1,67 3 5, 3 97 6,847 8,967 18,95 3 10, 3 68 98, 2 5 3 (ps . ) 4,9 2 4 6, 2 06 7, 2 60 7,086 7,8 2 7 7,744 5,579 9,74 3 7,669 2 4,041 14, 2 1 1 2 ,017 11,606 1 2 5,914 Population 7 8 4 3 2 9 3 8 6 3 1 8 9 71 centralized watrer supply system: Number of Settlements Settlements (ps . ) 32 ,7 3 4 3 0,5 1 2 4,097 2 1,615 18, 33 0 23 ,748 15,508 2 4,9 32 19,10 3 3 0,144 2 0,19 3 2 1, 23 1 2 0,4 3 7 3 0 2 ,60 Population 3 7 22 2 8 2 0 33 23 4 2 40 2 6 48 23 40 44 4 2 6 (items) Number of Settlements Rayon Name of Aktobe (u . a )* Aitekebi Algynsky Baigany Irgiz Kargaly Kobdy Martuk Mugalzhar Temir Uil Khromtau Shalkar Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 1 3 10 11 Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in Aktobe O blast Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 152

annexes foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 007 40 . 00 10 . 00 5  . 00 3 1 . 80

50  . 40 17  . 00 195 . 60

Sources of Financing cental gvmt state state gvmt cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

70 . 00 100 . 00 2 00 . 106 . 80 180 . 00 656 . 80

007 2 in Total 0 0 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 70 . 00 3 1 . 80

100 . 00 2 40 . 00 116 . 80 17  . 00  . 00 195 . 60

1,160 . 0 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 . 00 2 006 59 . 00 2 4 . 80

2 05 . 10 100 . 00

Sources of Financing cental state budget budget state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

70 . 00 70 . 00 51 . 90 70 . 00 111 . 85 185 . 6 3 559 . 8

006 2 in Total

5 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00

70 . 00 51 . 90 2 4 . 80 70 . 00 1 2 9 . 00 100 . 00 111 . 85 185 . 6 3 764 . 48 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 005 18 . 00 18 . 00

Sources of Financing cental state budget budget state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

99 . 7 3 3 0 . 00 50 . 00 11  . 78 2 9  . 51

005 2 in Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

99 . 7 3 3 0 . 00 68 . 00 11  . 78 3 11 . 51 Population Population 3 0,5 1 2 1,615 32 ,7 3 4 2 4,097 18, 33 0 2 4,9 32 3 0,144 23 ,748 2 0,19 3 19,10 3 2 1, 23 1 2 0,4 3 7 15,508 3 0 2 ,60 Rayon Name of Aktobe (u . a )* Aitekebi Algynsky Baigany Irgiz Kargaly Kobdy Martuk Mugalzhar Temir Uil Khromtau Shalkar Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 1 2 1 3 Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Aktobe O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate

153 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan

Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

and loans loans and

foreign grants grants foreign 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity entity legal - - - -

5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00

10,00 10,00 10,00 3 0,00 2 0,00 100,00 local budget budget local - 80,00 80,00 40,00 50,00 10,00 2 0,00 1 2 0,00 1 2 0,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 1 2 0,00 1,040,00 Sources of Financing

2 009 – 010

budget budget cental state state cental - - - -

90,00 80,00 50,00 3 0,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 810,00 1 3 0,00 1 3 0,00

011 2 009- 2 in

Total

180,00 150,00 180,00 110,00 110,00 175,00 2 00,00 2 10,00 1 2 0,00 1 3 5,00 1 2 5,00 1 3 5,00 1 2 0,00

1,950,00

and loans loans and

foreign grants grants foreign 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity entity legal 0 0 0 0 0

10 . 00 3 0 . 00 45 . 00 10 . 00 10 . 00 10 . 00 40 . 00 40 . 00 195 . 00 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 008 10 . 00 40 . 00 56 . 00

3 95 . 00 158 . 00 1 3 . 00

Sources of Financing

budget budget cental state state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

54 . 70 47  . 70 108 . 00 2 00 . 110 . 00

008 2 in Total 64 . 70 3 0 . 00 45 . 00 10 . 00 10 . 00 10 . 00 50 . 00 40 . 00 108 . 00 2 40 . 00 158 . 00 166 . 00 1 3 . 00 1,06  . 70 Rayon Name of F/S Aktobe (u . a )* Aitekebi Algynsky Baigany Irgiz Kargaly Kobdy Martuk Mugalzhar Temir Uil Khromtau Shalkar Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 1 2 1 3 Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Aktobe O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate

154 annexes 84 . 4 7  . 0 75 . 4 75 . 5 86 . 6 8  . 1 69 . 8 61 . 4 69 . 4 7  . 4 60 . 7 as of 1 . 01 . 011 (ps . ) 9,9 2 8 6,17 3 2 ,010 4,948 7,185 1,750 5,650 2 ,500 65,144 1 2 ,000 1 3 ,000 for 2 010 increment 77 . 0 61 . 6 6  . 5 74 . 6 60 . 7 67 . 4 51 . 4 5  . 1 55 . 7 7  . 49 . 8 as of 010 1 . 01 . 010 (ps . ) 2 ,948 1, 2 00 6,9 2 8 4,47 3 1, 3 50 2 ,500 6,890 4,500 4,185 1,750 3 6,7 2 4 for 2 009 increment 71 . 56 . 0 56 . 7 67 . 8 51 . 8 6  . 0 4  . 7 49 . 6 66 . 0 4  . 1 47 . 0 as of 1 . 01 . 009 (ps . ) 2 ,948 3 ,0 2 7 7,9 2 8 7,47 3 2 ,4 3 6 7,961 8,979 5,185 1,941 9,149 57,0 2 7 for 2 008 increment 3 0 . 8 65 . 5 41 . 7 46 .  . 8 60 . 0  . 6 3 7 . 4 3 6 . 9 58 . 5  . as of 1 . 01 . 008 (ps . ) 5, 3 81 2 ,461 3 ,009 5,09 3 5, 3 18 2 ,4 33 6,810 5,614 1,755 1,551 3 9,4 2 5 for 2 007 increment 2 1 . 60 . 7 46 . 2 7 . 6 2 5 . 9 3 9 . 0 54 . 8 55 . 6 2 5 . 8  . 9 2 8 . 1 as of 1 . 01 . 007 Access of population to drinking water (in % total population) (ps . ) 600 3 ,69 2 ,450 1, 3 41 2 , 3 0 3 ,601 3 ,8 2 4 2 ,545 1,856 1,900 2 4,11 for 2 006 increment 14 . 8 14 . 6 2 7 . 56 . 0 40 . 8 16 . 8 2 1 . 0 3 4 . 5  . 1 51 . 1 51 . 8 as of 1 . 01 . 006 - - - (ps . ) 500 1,9 2 4 1,8 3 9 2 ,779 1, 3 94 1,5 32 1, 2 09 11,177 for 2 005 increment 6 . 5 0 . 11 . 4 2 0 .  . 1 51 . 1 5  . 51 . 8 3 4 . 7 11 . 1  . 5 as of 1 . 01 . 005 (ps . ) with 6,46 2 1,490 8,7 2 8 2 , 3 68 14,894 11,081 17, 2 86 5 2 ,0 9 2 7, 3 41 3 4,571 drinking 176, 2 50 access to 1 . 01 . 005 Population water as of (ps . ) as of 56,649 7 3 , 78 7 3 ,481 50, 22 8 51, 3 56 66,7 3 4 2 5,1 7 2 1, 89 22 ,819 101,89 3 54 2 ,954 1 . 01 . 004 Population Rayon Name of Baizak Zhambyl * Zhualyn Kordai Turar Ryskulov Merke Moiynkum Sarysu Talas Shu Total in Oblast 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 Access to Drinking Water in Z hambyl O blast: Present and F uture Conditions Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 155 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 % 7 . 06 0 . 6 0 . 94 ------2 00 1,776 1,976 Population deliverad water 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 6 Number of Settlements 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 % 0 . 6 0 . 08 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 4 2 Population surface water 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Number of Settlements % 77 . 94 9  . 47 79 . 70 76 . 48 48 . 94 88 . 59 87 . 94 67 . 10 47 . 56 58 . 0 46 . 76 local water sources 2 1, 32 9 3 9,147 58,484 56,195 49,864 50,187 18,7 2 1 3 1,740 14,6 23 2 4,015 3 64, 05 Population Availability of Water Supply from: ground water 2 1 3 8 3 8 2 0 2 4 32 19 22 16 2 1 2 51 Number of Settlements % 6 . 5 3 2 0 .  . 06  . 5 2 51 . 80 3 4 . 7 11 . 1 2 11 . 41  . 46 5  . 4 51 . 06 3 5 (km) Pipe 18 . 76 . 5 54 . 40 . 86 70 . 4 65 . 15 2 11 . 8 4 3 0 . 9 Length 169 . 47 of Water Network 1,17  . 4 2 1,490 8,7 2 8 2 , 3 68 6,46 2 14,894 11,081 17, 2 86 3 4,571 2 7, 3 41 5 2 ,0 9 176, 2 50 Population centralized water supply system 4 2 4 1 9 14 14 19 2 1 2 1 109 Number of Settlements (ps . ) 56,649 7 3 , 78 50, 22 8 51, 3 56 66,7 3 4 2 1, 89 7 3 ,481 2 5,1 7 22 ,819 54 2 ,954 101,89 3 Population 4 2 5 2 4 2 4 2 2 5 46 40 23 22 33 3 67 (items) Number of Settlements Rayon Name of Baizak Zhambyl * Zhualyn Kordai Turar Ryskulov Merke Moiynkum Sarysu Talas Shu Total in Oblast 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 № . Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in Z hambyl O blast Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate

156

annexes

foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

legal entity entity legal local budget budget local 3 0 40 60

2 50 1 2 0 23 0 170 110 190 110

1, 3 10 cental state budget budget state cental 45 75 45

22 5 1 3 5 1 2 0 180 180 180 105 2 009 - 010

Sources of Financing 1, 2 90

011 2 009- 2 in

Total 85 75

410 475 3 50 2 55 23 0 3 70 1 3 5 2 15

2 ,600 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local  . 94

6  . 149 87 . 57 90 . 40 3  . 7 33

107 . 84 1 3 6 . 9 11  . 84 2 50 . 479 105 . 0 22 1,018 . 59 2 008 budget state cental 0 Sources of Financing

54 . 6 71 . 7 3 8 3 7 . 9 64 . 19 8  . 147 3 8 . 68 2 5 . 58 74 . 768 659 . 68 2 09 . 909

008 2 in Total

115 . 88 7  . 08

116 . 85 3 14 . 9 1 107 . 84 2 08 . 677 1 2 5 . 194 154 . 7 22 1 3 7 . 64 2 32 5 . 47 1,678 . 7 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 90

7  . 6 3 2 0 . 9

68 . 65 3 89 . 91 2 79 . 9 2 4 78 . 974 66 . 981 3 6 . 2 4 7 2 . 87 1  . 88 2 2 007 budget state cental 0 0 0 0 Sources of Financing

58 . 0 3

46 . 558 157 . 15 59 . 8 176 . 191 1 3 9 . 99 6 3 . 456

007 2 in Total 90 1 3 64

68 . 65 3 22 9 . 78 89 . 91 2 79 . 518 1  . 88 2 2 4  . 17 175 . 9 23 1 3 7 . 954 1 2 5 . 32 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 55

4 . 568 98 . 49  . 058 6 . 07 2 2 6 . 0 3 65 .

59 . 45 2 7 . 3 4 101 . 175 446 . 59 2 2 006 budget state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sources of Financing

3 5 . 0 2 1 6  . 159 2 56 . 981 1  . 4 3 6 477 . 597

006 2 in Total 55

4 . 568 98 . 49

59 . 45 2 7 . 3 4 61 . 051 2 60 . 0 3 9 101 . 175 1 2 9 . 508 1 2 7 . 79 9 2 4 . 189 foreign grants and loans loans and grants foreign

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity entity legal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local budget budget local 0 0 0 0 68 . 61 4  . 3 5 . 8 51 . 8 2 9 5  . 2 7 64 . 465 3 15 . 879

2 005 cental state budget budget state cental 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 Sources of Financing

18  . 45 2 23 7 . 45 2

005 2 in Total 0 0 0 55 68 . 61 4  . 51 . 8 2 9 5  . 2 7 64 . 465 2 17 . 68 55  . 1 Rayon Name of Baizak Zhambyl * Zhualyn Kordai Turar Ryskulov Merke Moiynkum Sarysu Talas Shu Total in Oblast 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Z hambyl O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) 157 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan

Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

011 . .01 1 as of of as

55 . 9 71 . 81 . 89 . 4 9  . 78 . 7 56 . 0 74 . 8 71 . 81 . 90 . 100 . 0 100 . 0

.) (ps

010 010 2 for

- - - - -

increment increment 800

3 000 1 2 00 1 2 00 2 000 1500 6000 15700

010 010 . .01 1 as of of as

3 8 . 7 68 . 3 5 . 0 75 . 6 6  . 1 70 . 4 81 . 6 67 . 7 71 . 81 . 90 . 100 . 0 100 . 0

.) (ps

009 009 2 for

- - - - - increment increment 500

3 ,000 1, 3 00 2 ,000 1,500 1,000 1,500 10,800

009 009 . .01 1 as of of as

81 . 6  . 8 71 . 90 . 65 . 3 0 . 1 75 . 7 59 . 5  . 9 2 1 . 61 . 5 100 . 0 100 . 0

.) (ps

008 008 2 for

- - - - - increment increment 23 5 160

2 ,69 2 ,591 3 ,000 1,500 1,079 11, 2 57

008 008 . .01 1 as of of as 0

71 . 1 57 . 8 71 . 5 66 . 0 2 5 . 8 78 . 60 . 5  . 9 61 . 5 59 . 2 1 . 100 . 0

.) (ps

007 007 2 for

- - - - increment increment 66 2 100 545

1, 2 69 1,59 2 4,98 2 2 ,17 1,000 1 2 , 322

007 . .01 1 as of of as 0

58 . 66 . 5  . 46 . 1 59 . 56 . 6 65 . 55 . 9 2 1 . 19 . 6 75 . 7 100 . 0

.) (ps

Access of population to drinking water (in % total population)

006 006 2 for

- - increment increment 2 00 3 00 670 990

3 4 0 19 3 5

1,46 2 1, 33 4 1,840 1,000 1 3 ,161

006 006 . .01 1 as of of as 0

54 . 1 5  . 4 17 . 6 46 . 14 . 1 3 6 . 5  . 71 . 8 50 . 1 5  . 9 57 . 7 100 . 0

.) (ps

005 005 2 for

- - increment increment 3 00 500 500 901

2 ,000 1, 2 1 3 2 ,018 1,000 1,500 1,101 11,0 33

005 . .01 1 as of of as 0 0 47 . 8 45 . 9 67 . 4 54 . 46 . 6 2 9 . 4 49 . 14 . 1 49 . 4 41 . 100 . 0 - - (ps . ) 2 7 2 , 97 6,7 3 8 4, 33 5 4,916 5,501 1 2 , 233 17,0 22 1 3 ,845 2 4,519 91,678 1 . 01 . 005 Population to drinking water as of with access (ps . ) 2 7 160 as of 4,80 3 14, 33 5 3 4,770 2 6,645 2 5, 46 11,1 3 8 2 5,548 14,448 14,740 49,796 22 1,901 1 . 01 . 004 Population Total in Oblast Name of Rayon Zhezkazgan (u . a )* Zhezkazgan Satpaev (u . a )* Karaganda (u . a )* Abai Aktogai Bukhar Zhyrau Zhanaarka Karkaraly Nura Osakarovsky Ulytau Shetsky 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 № 1 2 10 11 Access to Drinking Water in Karaganda O blast: Present and F uture Conditions Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate

158 annexes 3 Tariff . Water KZT/m up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 ------616 545 1,551 4,540 1,8 2 8 Population 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 3 6 1 0 deliverad water 14 Number of settlements 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Population surface water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of settlements - 160 local water sources 7,710 2 ,506 6,67 3 5,09 2 14, 33 5 10,405 2 4,661 2 9,854 11,70 3 1 2 ,584 1 2 5,68 3 Population ground water 1 0 4 3 16 40 46 69 14 33 4 2 2 9 2 6 3 59 Availability of Water Supply from: Number of settlements - - - - 90 . 00 9  . 00 40 . 91 1 3 5 . 00 2 81 . 00 2 60 . 00 Length of water pipe 78,405 . 00 3 8,78  . 00 3 8,764 . 00 network . km 0 0 % 41 . 14 . 1 49 . 4 47 . 8 2 9 . 4 45 . 9 54 . 46 . 6 49 . 67 . 4 100 . 0 - - 2 7 4,916 5,501 2 , 97 4, 33 5 6,7 3 8 91,678 1 2 , 233 1 3 ,845 2 4,519 17,0 22 Population centralized water supply system 0 2 1 4 0 2 7 18 17 1 3 2 4 3 5 1 23 Number of settlements (ps . ) 160 2 7 4,80 3 14,448 14,740 49,796 3 4,770 2 6,645 2 5, 46 11,1 3 8 2 5,548 14, 33 5 22 1,901 Population 1 1 18 44 74 71 50 55 41 59 3 9 4 3 496 (items) Number of Settlements Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Karaganda (u . a )* (u . a )* Zhezkazgan Satpaev (u . a )* Abai Aktogai Bukhar Zhyrau Zhanaarka Karkaraly Nura Osakarovsky Ulytau Shetsky 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 1 2 Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in Karaganda O blast Note: * u.a.- urban agglomerate

159 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 grants foreign and loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity - - - - - local 2 007 80 . 00 60 . 00 45 . 00 90 . 00 budget 2 18 . 00 705 . 00 170 . 00 1, 3 68 . 00 Sources of Financing ------state 3 1 . 00 cental budget 2 70 . 00 3 50 . 00 2 70 . 00 1 3 0 . 00 1,051 . 00 - - - - 2 007 80 . 00 60 . 00 3 95 . 00 3 60 . 00 1 3 0 . 00 2 01 . 00 975 . 00 2 18 . 00 Total in 2 ,419 . 00 0 0 17 . 00 50 . 00 60 . 00 74 . 00 70 . 00 85 . 00 60 . 00 86 . 00 grants foreign 1 3 0 . 00 117 . 00 749 . 00 and loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity ------local 2 006  . 80 14 . 0 80 . 50 budget 3 8  . 80 16  . 0 101 . 90 Sources of Financing - - - - - state 84 . 90 18 . 10 3 0 . 60 3 1 . 50 cental budget 974 . 40 2 85 . 00 1 2 4 . 00 400 . 0 - - 2 006 17 . 00 94 . 90 74 . 00 91 . 50 144 . 90 158 . 90 3 55 . 00 2 48 . 0 3 11 . 90 610 . 80 Total in - - 2 0 . 00 40 . 00 80 . 00 3 9 . 00 95 . 00 7  . 00 70 . 00 3 0 . 00 3 0 . 00 grants foreign 100 . 00 577 . 00 and loans ------legal entity ------local 2 005 48 . 10 48 . 10 budget Sources of Financing ------state  . 17 50 . 00 44 . 08 50 . 00 cental budget 176 . 5 - - 2 005 2 0 . 00 88 . 10 80 . 00 71 . 17 7  . 00 3 0 . 00 80 . 00 801 . 5 100 . 00 145 . 00 114 . 08 Total in Total in Oblast Name of Rayon Karaganda (u . a )* (u . a )* Zhezkazgan Satpaev (u . a )* Abai Aktogai Bukhar Zhyrau Zhanaarka Karkaraly Nura Osakarovsky Ulytau Shetsky 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 1 2 Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Karaganda O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 160 annexes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 grants foreign and loans - - - - - 5 . 00 legal entity 3 0 . 00 40 . 00 2 0 . 00 40 . 00 10 . 00 10 . 00 155 . 00 - - - - - local 2 0 . 00 90 . 00 50 . 00 budget 1 2 0 . 00 100 . 00 1 3 0 . 00 100 . 00 610 . 00 Sources of Financing 2 009 - 010 ------state 60 . 00 cental budget 1 3 0 . 00 110 . 00 160 . 00 1 3 0 . 00 105 . 00 695 . 00

- - - - - Total 2 011 2 5 . 00 2 90 . 00 23 0 . 00 33 0 . 00 2 40 . 00 1 2 0 . 00 22 5 . 00 in 2 009- 1,460 . 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 grants foreign and loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity - - - - - 5 . 00 local 2 008 80 . 00 50 . 00 budget 446 . 00 3 75 . 00 3 5  . 00 3 10 . 00 1,619 . 00 Sources of Financing ------state 40 . 00 cental budget 470 . 00 2 50 . 00 180 . 00 - - - - - 5 . 00 2 008 80 . 00 50 . 00 415 . 00 446 . 00 60  . 00 490 . 00 Total in 2 ,089 . 00 Total in Oblast Name of Rayon Karaganda (u . a )* (u . a )* Zhezkazgan Satpaev (u . a )* Abai Aktogai Bukhar Zhyrau Zhanaarka Karkaraly Nura Osakarovsky Ulytau Shetsky 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 10 11 Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Karaganda O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 161 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 67 . 1 60 . 48 . 68 . 5  . 6 64 . 6 66 . 50 . 6 68 . 80 . 45 . 9 6  . 7 87 . 7 78 . 8  . 4 66 . 5 59 . 8  . 4 65 . 1 as of 100 . 0 011 1 . 01 . 011 - (ps . ) 450 890 6 3 4 4,15 3 2 ,558 5,9 3 0 9,5 2 5 5,647 1,100 7,700 6,067 1,750 1,701 3 ,450 7,74 3 3 ,000 10, 3 48 10,400 8 3 ,046 for 2 009 010 and 2 010 increment 0 . 0 . 3 7 . 0 55 . 6 46 . 4 60 . 5 10 . 10 . 8 4  . 47 . 4 18 . 0 5  . 8 80 . 9 48 . 5 85 . 0 4  . 7  . 68 . 45 . as of 100 . 0 and 2 010 1 . 01 . 009 ------(ps . ) 3 00 1,086 1,494 1,500 4,95 2 2 , 3 06 1,47 2 1 3 ,110 for 2 008 increment 0 . 0 . 10 . 10 . 8 4  . 18 . 0 47 . 5 3 7 . 0 74 . 9 8  . 40 . 7 3 1 . 4 60 . 5 66 . 58 . 1 55 . 6 46 . 4 4  . 1 47 . 4 as of 100 . 0 1 . 01 . 008 ------for 500 801 1,495 3 ,771 3 ,764 1, 2 55 2 ,075 2 , 75 2 , 60 5, 2 64 23 ,460 2 007(ps . ) increment 0 . 0 . 10 . 3 6 . 5 4  .  . 80 . 1 40 . 4 6  . 4 10 . 8 4  . 9 3 7 . 0 49 . 68 . 9 3 4 . 1 18 . 0 47 . 5 3 6 . 5 2 9 . as of 100 . 0 1 . 01 . 007 ------(ps . ) 900 815 96 2 1,511 5,775 1,948 1,587 1,100 2 ,571 2 ,570 2 ,494 3 ,00 3 ,500 Access of population to drinking water (in % total population) 2 8,7 3 6 for 2 006 increment  . 8 0 . 8 . 7 0 . 46 . 6 58 . 6 2 0 . 1 10 . 59 . 9 10 . 6 3 6 . 5 4  . 3 0 . 3 1 . 6  . 2 9 . 6 74 . 7 17 .  . 0 as of 100 . 0 1 . 01 . 006 ------(ps . ) 760 965 3 ,4 2 5 1,700 for 2 005 increment 0 . 0 . 8 . 7  . 8 2 8 . 70 . 1 10 . 6 2 6 . 4 2 0 . 1 10 . 4  . 11 .  . 46 . 6 58 . 6 59 . 9 3 6 . 5 3 0 . 3 1 . 6 as of 100 . 0 1 . 01 . 005 - - (ps . ) 7 33 4,8 3 7 3 ,858 3 ,698 3 ,004 3 , 2 89 2 , 32 9 6,064 1,055 7,001 5,149 6,464 11,5 3 5 10, 3 1 16,859 14,666 19,567 1 2 0,4 22 1 . 01 . 005 Population to drinking water as of with access (ps . ) 7 33 as of 1,1 3 6 17,176 16,465 18,748 45,757 14,598 3 6,148 2 5,008 18, 3 8 2 9, 0 3 32 ,68 3 2 7,70 15, 2 19 19,16 3 23 ,775 2 9,01 3 2 6,777 2 0,44 418,1 2 9 1 . 01 . 004 Population Total in Oblast Name of Rayon Arkalyk (u . a )* Lisakovsk (u . a )* Rudny (u . a )* Auliekol Denisovsky Dzhangeldy Zhetikar Kamys Karabalyk Karasu Kostanai Mendykar Naurzum Sarykol Taranovsky Uzunkol Fedorovsky Altynsarin Amangeldy 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 № 1 2 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 3 Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Access to Drinking Water in Kostanai O blast: Present and F uture Conditions 162 annexes % 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 8 . 0 5 . 4 0 .  . 0 0 . 6 8 . 0 4 . 9 7 . 6  . 1  . 0 16 . 19 . 5 1  . 9 16 . 6 ------44 896 6 2 1 18 2 1,468 1,971 4,715 6, 3 87 3 ,717 3 ,657 1, 3 46 4, 2 48 2 ,4 7 3 1,680 Population delivered water 0 0 0 2 2 2 3 4 1 2 6 0 4 3 0 0 2 0 14 10 7 3 Number of Settlements 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 % 7 . 5 .  . 5 44 . 5 ------754 1,477 8,179 10,410 Population surface water 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 5 3 1 Number of Settlements % 0 . 58 . 1 41 . 51 . 8 70 . 0 5  . 4 41 . 4 89 . 1 91 . 87 . 0 7  . 4 77 . 4 2 7 . 4 2 4 . 5 2 0 . 6 81 . 4 61 . 1 67 . 4 56 . 6 100 . 0 local water sources - 7,914 7,560 5,0 3 7 4,0 3 4 6,7 3 0 1,1 3 6 11,880 1 2 ,0 7 19, 2 89 10, 3 4 2 2 6,017 2 5, 3 01 1 3 , 2 48 2 1,009 2 0,7 3 1 3 7, 2 6 1 2 ,6 3 9 1 3 ,46 2 2 55,617 Population ground water Availability of Water Supply from: 7 8 8 2 0 2 8 2 1 2 0 3 6 2 8 50 17 56 23 50 58 5 3 2 8 3 9 5 32 Number of Settlements %  . 8 0 . 8 . 7 0 . 3 6 . 5 3 0 . 3 1 . 6 46 . 6 58 . 6 59 . 9 10 . 2 0 . 1 10 . 6 11 . 2 6 . 4 2 8 .  . 70 . 1 4  . 100 . 0 0 0 50 15 10 2 0  . 5 3 8 2 2 05 1  . 5 59 . 4 55 . 1 2 4 . 5 2 5 . 14  . 23 4 . 2 18 . 8 3 7 . 116 . 4 1,611 . 5 Length of Water Pipe Network (km) - - 7 33 5,149 6,464 6,064 1,055 7,001 3 ,698 3 ,004 4,8 3 7 3 , 2 89 2 , 32 9 3 ,858 16,859 14,666 19,567 11,5 3 5 10, 3 1 1 2 0,4 22 Population centralized water supply system 8 8 9 1 2 6 3 1 0 7 2 2 4 0 1 17 1 2 1 3 2 0 116 Number of Settlements (ps . ) 7 33 1,1 3 6 17,176 16,465 18,748 45,757 18, 3 8 15, 2 19 23 ,775 14,598 2 0,44 3 6,148 2 5,008 2 9, 0 3 32 ,68 3 2 7,70 19,16 3 2 9,01 3 2 6,777

418,1 2 9

Population

Settlements (items) Settlements Number of of Number 2 1 2 7 3 5 2 5 5 2 46 45 45 22 32 59 57 60 58 41 56 70 17 750 Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Arkalyk (u . a )* Lisakovsk (u . a )* Rudny (u . a )* Altynsarin Amangeldy Auliekol Denisovsky Dzhangeldy Zhetikar Kamys Karabalyk Karasu Kostanai Mendykar Naurzum Sarykol Taranovsky Uzunkol Fedorovsky 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 3 1 2 Note: * u.a.- urban agglomerate Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in Kostanai O blast 163 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 0 and loans grants foreign 0 legal entity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 50 70 2 4 . 5 8 . 78 local 1 2 7 . 86 . 55 17 . 55 2 007 budget 3 9 . 819 504 . 99 Sources of Financing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 2 50 2 00 3 80 state cental budget 2 7  . 697 1,16  . 697 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 60 50 2 007 1 2 7 . 22 4 . 5 86 . 55 3 9 . 819 2 67 . 55 3 88 . 78 Total in 3 4  . 697 1,667 . 996 0 grants foreign and loans 0 legal entity 0 0 0 0 0 50 4 2 0 . 5  . 5 1 . 69  . 6 local 2 006 0 . 804 0 . 977 budget 48 . 798 5  . 796 61 . 66 2 0 . 764 10 . 6 61 . 88 3 78 . 409 Sources of Financing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 454 2 00 state 3 6 . 9 cental budget 94 . 4 32 2 75 . 801 148 . 8 23 1, 2 09 . 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 5 2 4 1 . 69  . 6 2 006 3 9 . 79 0 . 804 48 . 798 5  . 796 95 . 409 61 . 66 2 0 . 764 Total in 32 5 . 801 464 . 6 2 10 . 11 1,587 . 76 0 grants foreign and loans 0 legal entity 0 local 2 005 budget Sources of Financing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 3 80 180 150 state cental budget 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 3 80 180 150 2 005 Total in Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Arkalyk (u . a )* Lisakovsk (u . a )* Rudny (u . a )* Altynsarin Amangeldy Auliekol Denisovsky Dzhangeldy Zhetikar Kamys Karabalyk Karasu Kostanai Mendykar Naurzum Sarykol Taranovsky Uzunkol Fedorovsky 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 1 3 Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Kostanai O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) 164 annexes 0 grants foreign and loans 70 80 2 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 2 40 legal entity 0 50 80 50 40 70 90 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 180 1 3 0 1 3 0 1 3 0 60 . 5 local budget 1  . 84 1, 2 8  . 4 Sources of Financing 2 009 - 010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 577 787 0 . 00 state 1444 cental budget

0 3 0 2 0 3 0 50 50 40 90 2 0 2 00 2 60 1 3 0 100 597 180 817 150 80 . 5 Total 2 011 1  . 84 in 2 009- 2 ,967 . 44 0 grants foreign and loans 0 legal entity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 85 149 8 . 14 local 2 008 budget 7  . 404 3 74 . 544 Sources of Financing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 2 8 2 00 3 50 415 state 10 2 1 cental budget

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 60 11 3 3 50 564 2 008 2 08 . 14 7  . 404 Total in 1, 3 95 . 544 Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Arkalyk (u . a )* Lisakovsk (u . a )* Rudny (u . a )* Altynsarin Amangeldy Auliekol Denisovsky Dzhangeldy Zhetikar Kamys Karabalyk Karasu Kostanai Mendykar Naurzum Sarykol Taranovsky Uzunkol Fedorovsky 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 3 Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Kostanai O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) 165 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan % 0 . 0 . 0 . 8 . 2 0 . 2 6 . 1  . 6 80 . 0 95 . 1 84 . 1 89 . 8 89 . 9  . 1 as of 100 . 0 011 1 . 01 . 011 - - - 767 3 ,014 3 ,576 7, 3 57 Population - - - (ps . ) 149 1, 32 6 3 ,564 2 ,089 delivered water for 2 009 010 and 2 010 increment 0 0 4 4 0 8 Number of Settlements 80 . 0 78 . 85 . 0 95 . 1 86 . 6 8  . 6 as of 100 . 0 and 2 010 % 1 . 01 . 009 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (ps . ) 23 4 1,500 2 ,515 5,8 3 0 10,079 for 2 008 increment Population surface water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 . 0 65 . 60 . 5 85 . 9 6  . 1 7  . 0 as of 100 . 0 1 . 01 . 008 Number of Settlements % 0 . 0 . - - 46 . 9 66 . 7 54 . 4 56 . 69 . 0 for 665 565 2 ,000 5,80 3 9,0 33 local water sources 2 007(ps . ) increment - - 6,465 5,01 2 15,144 18,986 45,607 Population 80 . 0 5  . 8 59 . 5 79 . 7 4  . 7 6  . as of 100 . 0 ground water 1 . 01 . 007 Availability of Water Supply from: 0 0 5 3 3 1 2 23 - - - Number of Settlements (ps . ) 3 ,947 5, 2 4 3 ,8 2 5 1 3 ,014 for 2 006 Access of population to drinking water (in % total population) increment % 2 0 . 7 5  . 1 3 6 . 9 80 . 0 17 . 5 3 1 . 0 100 . 0 80 . 0 2 5 . 1 5  . 8 6  . 5 2 9 . 46 . 7 as of 100 . 0 1 . 01 . 006 0 . 0 .  . 0 0 . 1  . 0 2 7 . 4  . Length of Water Pipe Network (km) - - (ps . ) 874 1,578 3 , 51 2 ,4 9 8, 232 for 2 005 increment 5 3 9 5,900 3 ,067 2 ,015 2 , 57 17,165 3 0,94 Population 5  . 1 2 0 . 7 17 . 5 3 1 . 0 3 6 . 9 80 . 0 as of 100 . 0 centralized water supply system 1 . 01 . 005 1 1 5 1 4 1 1 3 Number of Settlements

(ps . )

5 3 9 .) 5,900 (ps Population 2 ,015 2 , 57 3 ,067 17,165 3 0,94 1 . 01 . 005 Population to drinking water as of with access 5 3 9

3 ,8 4 7, 2 69 11,494 2 8,46 32 , 3 09 8 3 ,907

Settlements (items) Settlements Number of of Number 1 1 8 4 (ps . ) 5 3 9 as of 2 0 10 44 7, 2 69 3 ,8 4 11,494 32 , 3 09 2 8,46 8 3 ,907 1 . 01 . 004 Population Total in Oblast: Total in Oblast: Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Name of Rayon Beineu Karakiyan Mangistau Tupkaragan Aktau (u . a )* Zhanaozen (u . a )* Aktau (u . a )* Zhanaozen (u . a )* Beineu Karakiyan Mangistau Tupkaragan 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 № № Access to Drinking Water in Mangistau O blast: Present and F uture Conditions Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in Mangistau O blast Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 166 annexes % 0 . 0 . 0 . 8 . 2 0 . 2 6 . 1  . 6 – grants foreign and loans - - - 767 3 ,014 3 ,576 7, 3 57 Population legal 7 . entity 41 . 9 3 3 4 . 60 delivered water 0 0 4 4 0 8 local Number of  . 50 2 007 Settlements 10 . 00 7  . 50 86 . 00 budget Sources of Financing % 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00 – state cental budget 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Population – – – Total  . 50 2 007 Grand 10 . 00 5  . 50 80 . 8 3 3 4 . 60 Total in 2 74 . 41 119 . 0 2 6  . 79 1 2 7 . 9 3 710 . 00 surface water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of – – Settlements grants grants foreign foreign and loans and loans % 0 . 0 . 46 . 9 66 . 7 54 . 4 56 . 69 . 0 local water sources legal legal  . 50  . 50 entity entity 60 . 60 . - - 6,465 5,01 2 15,144 18,986 45,607 Population local local 2 006 ground water 3 0 . 00 17 . 00  . 00 54 . 80 47 . 00  . 50 budget budget Availability of Water Supply from: 110 . 0 Sources of Financing Sources of Financing 2 009 - 010 0 0 5 3 3 1 2 23 Number of Settlements – state state cental cental budget budget 100 . 00 100 . 00 % 2 0 . 7 5  . 1 3 6 . 9 80 . 0 17 . 5 3 1 . 0 100 . 0

– – – – Total  . 50 2 006 2 011 3 0 . 00 17 . 00 49 . 50 9  . 54 . 80 Total in 2 70 . 6 3 1  . 50 in 2 009- 0 . 0 .  . 0 0 . 1  . 0 2 7 . 4  . Length of Water Pipe Network (km) – – grants grants foreign foreign and loans and loans 5 3 9 5,900 3 ,067 2 ,015 2 , 57 17,165 3 0,94 Population legal legal 9 . 8 3 9 . 8 3 entity entity 40 . 80 3 0 . 80 10 . 00 centralized water supply system 1 1 5 1 4 1 1 3 local local 5 . 00 2 005 2 008

Number of 2 4 . 00 17 . 80 10 . 00 56 . 80 51 . 2 1 . 00 49 . 50  . 50 budget budget Settlements

154 . 51 Sources of Financing Sources of Financing

.) (ps Population – 5 3 9

3 ,8 4 7, 2 69 0 . 00 state state

11,494 2 8,46 32 , 3 09 8 3 ,907 cental cental budget budget

Settlements (items) Settlements Number of of Number 1 1 8 4 2 0 10 44 – 0 . 00 5 . 00 2 005 2 008 8  . 1 2 1 . 00 59 . 50  . 50 2 4 . 00 2 7 . 6 3 10 . 00 66 . 6 3 195 . 1 Total in Total in Total in Oblast: Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Name of Rayon Name of Rayon Aktau (u . a )* Aktau (u . a )* Zhanaozen (u . a )* Aktau (u . a )* Zhanaozen (u . a )* Zhanaozen (u . a )* Beineu Karakiyan Mangistau Tupkaragan Beineu Karakiyan Mangistau Tupkaragan Beineu Karakiyan Mangistau Tupkaragan Total in Oblast: Total in Oblast: 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 5 6 № № № Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in Mangistau O blast Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Mangistau O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 167 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 87 . 0 86 . 9 94 . 8 90 . 5 88 . 0 91 . 0 8  . 1 9  . 8 85 . 4 88 . 6 88 . 0 87 . 4 79 . 8 91 . 5 as of 1 . 01 . 011 (ps . ) 486 3 , 54 1,654 2 ,799 1, 3 98 5, 2 00 4,8 22 2 ,800 1, 3 99 3 ,655 2 ,586 2 , 10 2 ,100 3 4,46 for 2 010 increment 89 . 6 48 . 0 74 . 7 8  . 1 7  . 6 77 . 1 6  . 8  . 79 . 7  . 0 74 . 8 74 . 6 68 . 77 . 1 as of 010 1 . 01 . 010 - (ps . ) 3 , 00 2 ,800 1,500 4,100 1,500 4,800 2 , 00 1, 3 90 3 ,500 2 ,600 2 , 00 2 ,000 3 1,890 for 2 009 increment 9 . 6 89 . 6 58 . 9 59 . 9 44 . 6 77 . 9 74 . 0 68 . 1 7  . 56 . 6  . 61 . 8 56 . 5 6  . 4 as of 1 . 01 . 009 - (ps . ) 866 2 ,5 4 2 ,0 1 2 , 23 1 3 ,740 5,650 1,010 1,071 3 ,71 2 3 ,686 2 ,055 3 ,888 32 ,454 for 2 008 increment 9 . 6 6  . 4 69 . 5 47 . 4 5  . 3 0 . 3 9 . 70 . 61 . 7 50 . 4  . 6 45 . 7 3 6 . 58 . as of 1 . 01 . 008 - - for 3 ,846 1,65 2 1,56 3 2 , 84 1,690 1,751 1,094 1, 2 55 2 ,464 2 ,9 1 1,59 3 22 ,11 3 2 007(ps . ) increment 9 . 6 3 1 . 7 5  . 8 3 8 . 1 47 . 55 . 2 1 . 41 . 8 3 7 . 4  . 6 6  . 16 . 6 6  . 4 5  . 7 as of 1 . 01 . 007 Access of population to drinking water (in % total population) - - (ps . ) 95 3 7 2 6 3 ,500 2 ,418 1,90 3 2 ,000 1,711 1,609 1,000 1,811 1,94 3 19,574 for 2 006 increment 9 . 6 4 . 1 2 4 . 1 3 7 . 6  . 7 3 9 . 4  . 9 1  . 3 1 . 7 54 . 6 2 9 . 0 46 . 0 59 . 8 3 4 . as of 1 . 01 . 006 ------(ps . ) 3 98 774 740 1,680 1,078 4,670 for 2 005 increment 4 . 1 9 . 6 46 . 2 5 . 2 4 . 1 2 9 .  . 7 3 7 . 6 40 . 1 55 . 8 3 9 . 1  . 4  . 9  . 5 as of

1 . 01 . 005

.) (ps 005 . .01 01

to drinking water as of of as water drinking to Population with access access with Population 600 8 2 1

4, 3 00 5,1 3 7 4,560 6,600 5,784 8,6 3 9 3 , 99 7, 3 6 2 11,5 2 6 14,8 2 1 11,7 3 5 85, 2 84

.) (ps 004 . .01 01 Population as of of as Population 9, 2 90 8,588 2 0, 77 22 ,080 22 ,995 2 8,7 3 9 2 6,57 3 14,55 2 2 9,940 2 5,618 18,910 17,680 16,776 2 6 ,018 Name of Rayon Pavlodar (u . a )* Aksu (u . a )* Ekibastuz (u . a )* Aktogai Bayanaul Zhelezinsky Irtysh Kachirsky lebyazhinsky Maisky Pavlodarsky Uspensky Scherbaktinsky Total in Oblast: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 3 1 2 10 11 Access to Drinking Water in Pavlodar O blast: Present and F uture Conditions Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 168 annexes 2 08 69 3 485 Population delivered water

2 1 3 Number of Settlements 6 51 2 2 000 8 51 2 Population surface water 7 18 2 5 Number of Settlements local water sources 5,8 22 8,4 3 6 7,417 8,968 1 3 ,748 1 2 ,54 15,876 11,595 14,679 19,506 1 3 ,6 0 1 3 , 22 22 ,090 167,5 2 9 Population ground water 4 22 32 55 32 23 17 16 2 0 2 6 2 9 2 7 3 4 33 7 Number of Settlements Availability of Water Supply from: 600 8 2 1 4,560 6,600 5,784 4, 3 00 5,1 3 7 8,6 3 9 7, 3 6 2 3 , 99 11,5 2 6 14,8 2 1 11,7 3 5 85, 2 84 not have access to of which do drinking water 8 2 1 6,560 8,716 8, 3 00 9,84 2 9,4 3 0 7, 2 14 9,1 2 9 15,478 1 3 ,779 17, 3 50 2 0, 3 54 11,89 2 1 3 8,865 Population 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 6 0 0 1 15 Number of settlements where system centralized water supply system does not operate 2 7 1 5 8 8 5 7 6 6 14 10 14 9 3 Number of Settlements (ps . ) 8,446 10,1 22 2 1,01 3 3 1, 2 41 16, 2 8 3 2 5,489 18, 3 08 22 ,080 2 1,860 2 7,156 2 6,416 18, 32 6 15, 2 79 2 6 ,018 Population 6 2 5 33 41 22 40 3 7 7 3 4 3 3 5 4 2 2 8 2 4 449 (items) Number of Settlements Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Pavlodar (u . a )* Aksu (u . a )* Ekibastuz (u . a )* Aktogai Bayanaul Zhelezinsky Irtysh Kachirsky lebyazhinsky Maisky Pavlodarsky Uspensky Scherbaktinsky 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 3 10 11 1 2 Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in Pavlodar O blast Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 169 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 . 00 10 . 00 2 0 . 00 2 0 . 00 3 0 . 00 2 0 . 00 40 . 00 grants foreign 160 . 00 and loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 00 legal entity 0 0 0 0 0 local 2 007 2 0 . 00 59 . 56 68 . 90 56 . 18 41 . 61  . 00 50 . 0 5  . 1 2 0 . 00 budget 40  . 86 Sources of Financing 0 0 state 79 . 47 17  . 1 55 . 89 40 . 00 cental budget 1 3 0 . 9 100 . 00 1 3 0 . 45 3 15 . 0 2 108 . 7 100 . 00 100 . 00 1,  . 59 2 007 2 0 . 00 89 . 47 2 0 . 00 2 0 . 00 189 . 85 168 . 90 186 . 6 3 2 14 . 71 3 48 . 0 2 108 . 7 1 2 0 . 00 1 3 6 . 19 11  . 1 160 . 00 Total in 1,895 . 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 00 grants foreign and loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 00 legal entity 0 0 0  . 40 local 3 0 . 78 3 6 . 70 3 4 . 14 61 . 17 17 . 05 3 4 . 5 16 . 60  . 87 2 0 . 00 2 0 . 00 budget 2 006 3 06 . 96 Sources of Financing 0 0 state 19 . 5 17 . 57 80 . 00 3 5 . 1 2 40 . 00 80 . 00 cental budget 1  . 60 1  . 7 2 55 . 1 3 108 . 6 119 . 5 1,009 . 75 0  . 40 2 006 50 . 0 3 54 . 7 3 5 . 1 2 7  . 87 2 0 . 00 1  . 60 156 . 51 141 . 17 2 7  . 18 14  . 61 1 3 5 . 95 100 . 00 Total in 1, 3 16 . 71 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 grants foreign and loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 005 4 . 80 1 . 50 local 2 4 . 07 3 0 . 19 2 4 . 00  . 40 1  . 61 3 4 . 00 budget 154 . 57 Sources of Financing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 . state 10 . 16 80 . 95 85 . 70 cental budget 3 18 . 07 1  . 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 . 50 2 005 1  . 0 3 10 . 16 2 4 . 00  . 40 85 . 70 1  . 61 3 4 . 00 47  . 64 105 . 0 2 16  . Total in F/S Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Pavlodar (u . a )* Aksu (u . a )* Ekibastuz (u . a )* Aktogai Bayanaul Zhelezinsky Irtysh Kachirsky lebyazhinsky Maisky Pavlodarsky Uspensky Scherbaktinsky 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 1 2 1 3 Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Pavlodar O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 170 annexes 0 grants foreign 100,00 150,00 150,00 180,00 1 2 0,00 1 2 0,00 2 00,00 1 2 0,00 2 00,00 2 60,40 2 70,00 2 80,00 2 ,150,40 and loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local 47,50 40,00 14,80 budget 10 2 , 3 0 Sources of Financing 2 009 - 010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 state cental budget 3 750,00 3 ,750,00

Total 2 011 1 2 0,00 100,00 167,50 190,00 150,00 180,00 1 2 0,00 2 00,00 2 14,80 2 60,40 2 70,00 2 80,00 in 2 009- 3 750,00 6,00 2 ,70 40,00 70,00 50,00 60,00 46,00 90,00 40,00 84,00 3 4,00 3 0,00 grants foreign 544,00 and loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,00 legal entity 0 0 0 2 9 local 2 008 61,00 51,54 64,57 54,11 55,00 80,84 44, 22 59, 3 5 budget 716,64 2 16,70 Sources of Financing 0 0 0 0 0 state 70,00 16,1 2 cental budget 100,00 100,00 500,00 15 2 , 3 8 2 50,00 2 7 3 , 33 1,461,8 3 2 008 85,4 3 70,00 88,11 91,00 154, 22 2 14,57 3 69,08 2 96,00 151,54 500,00 115,00 170,84 416,68 Total in 2 ,7 22 ,47 F/S Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Aksu (u . a )* Ekibastuz (u . a )* Pavlodar (u . a )* Aktogai Bayanaul Zhelezinsky Irtysh Kachirsky lebyazhinsky Maisky Pavlodarsky Uspensky Scherbaktinsky 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 № 1 3 1 2 10 11 Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of Pavlodar O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) 171 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan

Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

011 . .01 1 as of of as

8  . 9  . 4 91 . 5 89 . 4 78 . 4 81 . 8 78 . 5 84 . 75 . 89 . 4 8  . 0 94 . 8 89 . 9 79 . 7 87 . 0

) . (ps 010 2 increment for for increment

6,000 8,000 2 ,000 4, 2 5 4,70 2 3 ,000 2 ,400

17,000 11,000 10,150 1 2 ,110 2 8, 70 1 3 ,800 2 0,000 14 2 ,684

010 010 . .01 1 as of of as

7  . 1 69 . 0 78 . 0 68 . 8 71 . 7 76 . 4 64 . 4 77 . 9 79 . 4 80 . 9 4  . 0 8  . 84 . 65 . 0 76 . 5

) . (ps 009 2 increment for for increment

5,800 8,000 1,500 5,000 6, 3 00 2 ,000 2 ,000 2 ,500

17,700 19,000 41,500 11,000 1 3 ,000 4 2 ,500 177,800

009 009 . .01 1 as of of as

50 . 7  . 2 6 . 4 75 . 5 59 . 69 . 0 78 . 67 . 7 51 . 54 . 0 68 . 1 4  . 5 6  . 66 . 9 59 .

) . (ps 008 2 increment for for increment

1,400 4,000 8,000 4,000 5,600 9,000 9, 2 00

17,000 18,000 1 2 , 3 00 2 4,500 2 9,000 3 7,780 1 3 ,500 19 3 , 2 80

008 008 . .01 1 as of of as

 . 14 . 8 55 . 5 5  . 60 . 0 3 8 . 41 . 1 49 . 6 2 4 . 6 65 . 0 45 . 1 46 . 5 49 . 4 61 . 7 44 .

.) 007(ps 2 increment for for increment 500

8,800 1,100 4,900 6,500 1,500 8,500 5,700 6,800 6,500 3 ,400 2 ,000 10,000 11,000 77, 2 00

007 . .01 1 as of of as  . 9 55 . 7 4  . 9  . 1 47 . 8 51 . 1 2 0 . 51 . 4 3 1 . 58 . 1 3 8 . 3 6 . 0 10 . 6 3 7 . 40 . 8

Access of population to drinking water (in % total population)

) . (ps 006 2 increment for for increment 3 00

5,000 1,000 9,800 8,000 7,500 5,000 7,000 7,000 4,500 3 ,000 3 ,000 15,000 89,100 1 3 ,000

006 006 . .01 1 as of of as

8 . 1 2 4 . 3 4 . 8 17 . 6 51 . 8 3 8 . 7  . 0 2 4 . 6 3 0 . 8 3 0 . 9 16 . 8 3 7 . 4 2 0 . 6 49 . 0 3 1 .

) . (ps 005 2 increment for for increment 0

500 400 500 800

3 000 3 000 1000 1100 9000 5500 1000 1000 2 000 2 8800

005 . .01 1 as of of as

8 . 1 50 . 18 . 5  . 5 3 8 . 1 14 . 0 2 7 . 3 6 . 3 0 . 3 0 . 9 17 . 1 14 . 6 48 . 1 18 . 2 9 . 0

.) (ps 005 . .01 01

water as of of as water access to drinking drinking to access

977

Population with with Population 9,68 3 8,059 7,776

1 2 ,996 22 , 2 17 3 1,785 2 8,001 11,6 3 5 3 1,886 57, 3 00 23 ,074 16,161 110,506 3 7 2 ,056

.) (ps 004 . .01 01 Population as of of as Population 1 2 ,047 94,4 3 0 2 5,8 3 7 5 2 ,417 94,4 33 8 3 , 19 4 2 ,07 88,0 22 4 2 ,517 55,195 74,685 22 9,77 2 199, 3 09 189,516 1, 2 8 3 ,571 Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Kentau (u . a ) Turkestan (u . a ) Arys Baidibek Kazygurt Mahtaaral Ordabasyn Otrar Sairam Saryagash Suzak Tolebii Tyulkubas Shardara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 14 1 3 1 2 Access to Drinking Water in S outh-Kazakhstan O blast: Present and F uture Conditions Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 172 annexes 3 KZT/m up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 up to 75 Water Tariff, ------7 3 1 6,79 2 1,5 3 8 16,790 65,574 14,9 2 9 106, 3 54 Population delivered water 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 10 70 2 9 11 3 Number of Settlements ------65 517 500 9, 22 4 3 ,074 1,040 3 4,086 48,506 Population surface water 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 9 10 54 Number of Settlements local water sources 1 2 , 32 4 4 2 , 23 51,5 3 4 56, 2 00 3 0,4 7 10,0 3 0 2 7, 7 56,1 3 6 77,5 3 8 3 4,741 71,648 51,546 117, 2 87 117,7 2 8 756,655 Population Availability of Water Supply from: ground water 1 1 2 4 3 4 2 2 7 3 9 2 9 2 4 22 40 40 3 1 2 1 49 2 1 2 Number of Settlements 0 61 . 6 74 . 86 . 5 78 . 1 157 . 1 2 4 . 8 118 . 11  . 2 7  . 5 65 . 4 2 5 . 6 2 6 . 00 177 . 00 1,781 . 75 Length of water pipe network (km) 977 9,68 3 8,059 7,776 1 2 ,996 3 1,886 57, 3 00 22 , 2 17 3 1,785 2 8,001 11,6 3 5 23 ,074 16,161 3 7 2 ,056 110,506 Population centralized water supply system 2 7 8 3 1 2 3 0 2 7 19 17 10 32 15 11 19 2 1 Number of Settlements (ps . ) 94,4 3 0 2 5,8 3 7 5 2 ,417 4 2 ,07 4 2 ,517 1 2 ,047 94,4 33 8 3 , 19 88,0 22 55,195 74,685 22 9,77 2 199, 3 09 189,516 1, 2 8 3 ,571 Population 4 3 9 2 5 5 2 4 3 7 3 3 5 2 4 60 59 70 59 871 177 151 (items) Number of Settlements Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Kentau (u . a )* Turkestan (u . a )* Arys Baidibek Kazygurt Mahtaaral Ordabasyn Otrar Sairam Saryagash Suzak Tolebii Tyulkubas Shardara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 2 1 3 10 11 14 Present S ituation with Rural Water upply in outh-Kazakhstan O blast Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate 173 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan 0 0  . 00 40 . 00 3 0 . 00 17 . 60 50 . 00 80 . 00 70 . 00 80 . 00 2 0 . 00 15 . 00 50 . 00 grants foreign 100 . 00 575 . 60 and loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 007 local 9  . 00 97 . 00 96 . 00 Sources of Financing budget 2 14 . 00 619 . 00 1 2 0 . 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 state 97 . 00 cental budget 140 . 00 3 00 . 167 . 50 694 . 00 1 2 0 . 00 2 00 . 675 . 0 2 , 3 9  . 80 2 007  . 00 3 0 . 00 70 . 00 80 . 00 160 . 00 11  . 60 190 . 00 3 80 . 00 2 67 . 50 714 . 00 32 6 . 00 2 6  . 00 2 97 . 00 675 . 0 Total in 3 ,588 . 40 0 0 2 0 . 00 10 . 00 2 0 . 00 10 . 00 2 5 . 00 84 . 00 3 0 . 00 2 5 . 00 84 . 00 50 . 0 80 . 00 3 0 . 00 grants foreign 468 . 0 and loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity 0 0 0 0 0 2 006 local 70 . 00 3 0 . 00 90 . 00 40 . 00 Sources of Financing budget 140 . 00 179 . 00 2 45 . 00 1 2 4 . 00 160 . 00 1,078 . 00 0 0 0 0 state 50 . 00 9  . 70 70 . 00 60 . 00 cental budget 151 . 00 184 . 00 10  . 50 3 11 . 90 180 . 00 3 00 . 1,504 . 10 2 006 2 0 . 00 80 . 00 2 0 . 00 170 . 00 3 16 . 00 447 . 00 150 . 00 177 . 70 1 3 0 . 00 3 58 . 50 175 . 00 40  . 10 3 04 . 00 3 00 . Total in 3 ,050 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 . 00 10 . 00 15 . 00 2 0 . 00 15 . 00 2 1 . 00  . 90 2 5 . 00 146 . 9 grants foreign and loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 005  . 00 1 . 40 local 22 7 . 4 4  . 80 2 5 . 00 45 . 00 64 . 00 47 . 0 Sources of Financing budget 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 state cental budget 47 . 454 3 97 . 5 2 6 22 6 . 5 1  . 847 0 18 10 45 15 15 64 2 0 2 4 . 9 2 6 . 4 47 . 2 005 68 . 454 Total in 771 . 8 2 6 2 69 . 0 5 148 . 847 Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Kentau (u . a )* Turkestan (u . a )* Arys Baidibek Kazygurt Mahtaaral Ordabasyn Otrar Sairam Saryagash Suzak Tolebii Tyulkubas Shardara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 1 3 10 11 14 1 2 Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of outh-Kazakhstan O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) Note: * u.a.- urban agglomerate

174 annexes 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 . 00 10 . 00 3 7 . 00 51 . 00 5  . 00 75 . 00 61 . 00 grants foreign 100 . 70 4 3 6 . 70 and loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 00 legal entity 0 0 Sources of Financing local 2 99 . 5 budget 23 7 . 70 2 50 . 00 996 . 50 186 . 70 4 2 . 70 549 . 00 2 56 . 80 3 59 . 10 2 5  . 00 2 009 - 010 1,  . 10 1,709 . 00 6,75  . 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 state 6  . 00 85 . 00 60 . 00 cental budget 607 . 00 980 . 00 2 0  . 50 3 96 . 00 2 44 . 00 2 ,6 3 7 . 50

Total 2 011 50 . 00 23 7 . 70 2 49 . 70 2 60 . 00 664 . 0 6 3 4 . 00 100 . 70 71  . 80 60  . 10 3 1  . 00 2 99 . 50 in 2 009- 23 67 . 00 2 ,0 8 . 50 1, 3 07 . 10 9,8 2 7 . 0 0 0 3 0 . 70  . 00 14 . 00 10 . 00  . 00 17 . 00 40 . 00 80 . 00 40 . 00 3 0 . 00 grants foreign 2 00 . 100 . 60 618 . 0 and loans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 legal entity 2 008 Sources of Financing 5 . 50 local 59 . 40 budget 164 . 00 2 48 . 10 7 2 6 . 00 445 . 00 65  . 00 164 . 00 3 46 . 40 2 69 . 0 1 2 9 . 80 195 . 00 3 11 . 00 3 08 . 00 4,0  . 50 0 0 0 0 0 state 7  . 00 cental budget 116 . 00 2 64 . 00 607 . 50 3 50 . 00 1 3 5 . 00 1 2 4 . 00 16  . 00 6 2 5 . 0 2 ,455 . 80 2 008 3 6 . 0 22 8 . 00 2 50 . 00 32 1 . 00 3 87 . 10 32 5 . 00 160 . 00 2 99 . 00 510 . 40 461 . 0 755 . 10 Total in 1,190 . 00 1,09  . 50 1,08  . 00 7,097 . 60 Total in Oblast: Name of Rayon Kentau (u . a )* Turkestan (u . a )* Arys Baidibek Kazygurt Mahtaaral Ordabasyn Otrar Sairam Saryagash Suzak Tolebii Tyulkubas Shardara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 № 10 11 14 1 3 1 2 Note: * u.a. – urban agglomerate Expected Investments to Water S upply Improvement in Rural Areas of outh-Kazakhstan O blast (Unit: K ZT mln) 175 UNDP Project National Plan for Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency in Kazakhstan Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

176