Commercial Crew Program Overview Masters Forum 20

National Aeronautics and Space Administration WWW.NASAWATCH.COM

Maria Collura April 22, 2011

Commercial Crew Program WWW.NASAWATCH.COM CCP Objective

CCP is leading NASA’s efforts to develop an American-made commercial capability for crew transportation and rescue services to the ISS following this year's retirement of the space shuttle fleet

– Kennedy Space Center will host the program office dedicated to enabling commercial human spaceflight capabilities. – Program Manager (PM) will reside at KSC – Deputy Program Manager located at JSC

Program Mission – Manage the investment in the development of commercial end-to- end space transportation systems – Manage the CTS (Crew Transportation System) certification process – Lead the technical and programmatic partner integration and approval functions

2 WWW.NASAWATCH.COM CCP Organization

Human Exploration & Operations Directorate

C3PO Program

Commercial Crew Program FAA ISS Program Technical Authority LSP Program

Systems Systems Engineering Launch Vehicle Program Control & Spacecraft Partner Integration & Requirements Launch & Recovery Systems Integration Mission Planning & Integration

Partner Team Partner Team Partner Team Partner Team (Blue Origin) (Boeing) (Sierra Nevada) (Space X)

3 WWW.NASAWATCH.COM CCT-1100 Series Documents

ESMD-CCTSCR-12.10 Agency and HQ Level Requirements levied on the Program intended to certify a CTS to carry a NASA crewmember to LEO

CCT-PLN-1100 High Level Program Summary of roles, responsibilities, and interfaces between CCP and partners in the development of CTS, and How NASA and the CP will work together to achieve a Certified Human Flight Vehicle

CCT-REQ-1130 SSP 50808 Crew Transportation and Services Requirements - must meet to ISS Visiting Vehicle Requirements - must comply with to transport NASA Crew to the ISS interface with the International Space Station

CCT-PLN-1120 Crew Transportation Technical Management Processes – summary of technical management processes that support certification and expectations for evidence of compliance

CCT-STD-1140 CCT-STD-1150 Crew Transportation Design Standard Guidelines - provides Crew Transportation Operations Standard Guidelines - provides expectations, and criteria used in evaluation of technical expectations for minimum criteria and practices for operations standards

CCT-DRM-1110 Crew Transportation System DRMs – potential reference missions for current and evolvable systems architecture designs

4 WWW.NASAWATCH.COM Insight/Oversight Model – Level of Involvement

NASA will perform insight/oversight on the Commercial Partner’s design, development, and certification process to evaluate the end-to- end crew transportation system Human Scientific & Commercial Spacecraft--Contracted Spaceflight

Commercial Crew COTS & Launch Services CRS Program

Low In/Oversight Intense In/Oversight WWW.NASAWATCH.COM Commercial Crew Structure and Timelines

Title Purpose 2010 2011 2012 2013-2016

Develop and demonstrate April technologies that enable February CCDev Awards All Agreements commercial human Complete spaceflight capabilities.

Mature the Design and CCDev Round 2 Development of elements of the system, October April May such as launch vehicles Announcement Awards Agreements and spacecraft. for Proposals Complete

Design of integrated CCDev Round 3 commercial crew systems.

Mature Development, Test CCP and Certification of end-to- end systems.

Prepared for services to ISS by end of 2016.

Today

Pre-Decisional – NASA Internal Use Only WWW.NASAWATCH.COM Commercial Crew Development (CCDev)

• The NASA Recovery Act stimulus funding, included $50M to stimulate efforts within the private sector to develop and demonstrate technologies that enable commercial human spaceflight capabilities

• On February 1, 2010 five partners were announced and received funding: – Blue Origin – Boeing – Paragon – Sierra Nevada Corporation – United Launch Alliance (ULA)

• All Agreements were concluded by December 2010, with the exception of ULA and Boeing who received no-cost extensions to April 2011

7 WWW.NASAWATCH.COM

Commercial Crew Development Round 2 CCDev2

8 WWW.NASAWATCH.COM CCDev 2 Summary

Participant Name Work Summary NASA Funding

Space Vehicle design to SRR, pusher escape ground and flight Blue Origin $22,005,000 testing, and engine pump and thrust chamber testing

CST-100 design maturation to PDR and launch vehicle Boeing $92,300,000 integration

Dream Chaser crew transportation system design maturation Sierra Nevada Corporation $80,000,000 to PDR and component testing

Side-mount LAS engine design maturation and partner-funded $75,000,000 SpaceX crew accommodation prototype

Total Funding $269,305,000

9 BlueWWW.NASAWATCH.COM Origin Total NASA funding • $22M

Description & Features: • Launch vehicles Flare – Atlas V – Then on their own Reusable Booster System (RBS) • Biconic shape capsule spacecraft • Composite structure Bi-directional • Fins Landing system trade study • Pusher Escape System Testing Deep-throttling • Fully Reusable Booster System (RBS) Engines • Post separation, RBS will either ballistic trajectory downrange or restart engines to return to launch site Comments: Orbital • Direct docking to ISS • Vehicle Mass: 22,000 lbm

SRR PDR Design Reviews Suborbital May 2012 --- kg/Flt Max Crew Capacity Summary --- 7 Low Altitude

Subs/Suppliers: NASA Ames Research Center Aerojet

Goddard CC + PM SV + Atlas V SV + RBS NASA Stennis Space Center Lockheed Martin Missiles & Fire Control HSWT Time ULA U.S. Air Force Holloman High Speed Test Track

10 WWW.NASAWATCH.COMBoeing Total NASA funding • $92M Description & Features: Ascent Cover Forward Heatshield • Launch vehicles Forward Window – Side Hatch Atlas V 412, Delta IV Side Window LAS Roll – CM RCS Thrusters Compatible with Liberty and F9 Thrusters (12) (8) CM-SM • CST-100 is a reusable capsule spacecraft SM RCS Umbilical Thrusters • Land landing on airbags (28) • Integrated bi-propellant SM propulsion Orbital system Maneuvering, Attitude Control Comments: (OMAC) • Direct docking to ISS Launch Abort • 123456-006 Radiators (4) Thruster Doghouse (4) Engine (LAE) MMOD/Thermal Shield 48 hours of autonomous flight operations • Vehicle Mass: 30,430 lbs • Rendezvous/proximity operations • Crew ingress • Docking • De-orbit preps • Mated operations • Un-docking • Crew Cargo transfer • Separation

De-orbit burn Delta SDR PDR • Orbital insertion Design Reviews Orbital • MECO May 2011 April 2012 operations • LV staging • Spacecraft separation Spacecraft operations control • SM kg/Flt Max Crew • LV disposal • separation Launch Mission planning Capacity Summary • Ground processing ops control • SM disposal Mission • Crew training Landing 1,164 7 control • Cargo manifesting • Integrated testing • Launch operations • Orbital command and control • Landing and recovery control

Pad operations Subs/Suppliers: • Spacecraft arrival Pre-launch processing • Cargo loading at launch pad Assembly, refurbishment and test Recovery Airborne Systems United Space Alliance • • Final test and checkout Hoist and mate to • • launch vehicle • Fueling Spacecraft element production Initial safing • Ordnance installation • • • Late cargo loading Element test and checkout Crew egress BA United Launch Alliance • Encapsulation • • Crew ingress Cargo removal • • Countdown Software Development and Integration Load on transporter ILC Dover PWR • • Launch • Flight, Ground, Mission Ops SW Dev Transport to manufacturing • Avionics HW/SW and ISS Integration testing for potential reuse Spincraft • Mission / Vehicle Common Data System 193879-011.pptx 11 Sierra NevadaWWW.NASAWATCH.COM Corporation Total NASA funding • $80M Description & Features: • Launch vehicles – Atlas V-402 – Investigating other options (ATK Booster) • Dream Chaser is a Reusable – Piloted Lifting Body, Derived from NASA HL-20 – Onboard hybrid propulsion & high lift provide runway landings for nominal missions and ascent aborts Comments: • Direct docking to ISS • Vehicle Mass: 27,100 lbm • Multiple & Flexible Abort Options (no black zones)

SRR PDR Design Reviews May 2011 May 2012 Cargo (kg/Flt) w/Crew Max Crew Capacity Summary 1,500 2 7

Subs/Suppliers: United Launch Alliance United Space Alliance AEROJET Draper Laboratory Adam Works SAS Boeing Virgin Galactic MDA University of Colorado NASA LaRC 12 WWW.NASAWATCH.COMSpaceX Total NASA funding • $75M Description & Features: • Dragon Capsule Spacecraft • Cargo version to evolve into crew version • Many systems identical in both • Integrated LAS development and crew accommodations are the focus for CCDev2 • Water landing (helicopter recovery) for early missions and land landing for later missions Comments:

INTEGRATED LAS • Falcon 9 Launch Vehicle DRAGON AT A GLANCE Offers • Two-stage – LOX and kerosene significant advantages • Falcon 9/Dragon launches over tower • WINDOWS systems Successful COTS launch 12/8/10 Flight-proven • 11 more scheduled before crew launch and common to cargo and crew Dragon LAS PDR Concept Baseline Review Design Reviews Sept 2011 May 2012 DRACO THRUSTERS Flight-proven kg/Flt Max Crew and common Capacity Summary to cargo and --- 7 crew Dragon Subs/Suppliers: GROUND LANDING Propulsive, PICA-X ARES Corporation Paragon SDC precise SpaceX system Odyssey Space Research ILC Dover system part has large of long-term factor of safety ATA Engineering Oceaneering capability for ISS reentry Wyle Laboratories Orbital Outfitters Information Systems Laboratories Inc. 13 WWW.NASAWATCH.COM

• A successful Commercial Crew Program will: – Transform human spaceflight for future generations – Result in safe, reliable, cost effective crew transportation to LEO and in support of ISS – Free NASA’s limited resources for beyond-LEO capabilities – Reduce reliance on foreign systems