DOCSLIB.ORG

On-Orbit Satellite Servicing Study Project Report / NASA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
On-Orbit Satellite Servicing Study Project Report / NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center On-Orbit Satellite Servicing Study Project Report October 2010 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center On-Orbit Satellite Servicing Study Project Report October 2010 “Energy and persistence conquer all things.” Benjamin Franklin Contents Figures and Tables iv Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Study Mandate 6 What Will This Study Contribute? 7 Study Methodology 8 Assumptions 9 Why Is Satellite Servicing Important? 11 What Has Been Done Before? 14 The Dawn of Satellite Servicing Skylab Solar Maximum Mission Repair Palapa B2 and Westar 6 Satellite Servicing Gets Its Challenge Hubble Space Telescope International Space Station, The “Killer App” Technology Demonstrators NASDA: Engineering Test Satellite VII U.S. Air Force: Experimental Spacecraft System Demonstration of Autonomous Rendezvous Technology DARPA: Orbital Express New International Initiatives Historical Activities The Evolution of Tools and Techniques Myths about Servicing 27 “There Is Nothing To Service” “Servicing is Costly” “Satellites Cannot Be Serviced Unless They Were Designed To Be Serviced” What Are Appropriate Human and Robotic Servicing Paradigms? 32 Chapter 2: Satellite Servicing: The Vision 35 Refurbishment/Refueling of Satellites in Near-Earth Environments 36 Construction of Large Structures 37 Orbital Detritus Management 38 Contents | i Chapter 3: Satellite Servicing: The Benefits 40 Commercial Benefits 41 Scientific and Technological Benefits 43 Strategic Benefits 45 Outreach Benefits 46 Chapter 4: Satellite Servicing: The Implementation 48 The Map of Servicing Capabilities 49 The Notional Missions 52 Notional Mission Characteristics Mission Design Methodology and Cost Estimation Autonomous Rendezvous and Capture Technology Robotic Technology Astrodynamics The L1 Orbit Trajectory Used for Servicing (LOTUS) Mission Sequence 64 Technology Gap Assessment 67 Servicer Spacecraft Bus Rendezvous and Berthing/Capture/Docking Manipulation Refueling Autonomy Satellite Servicing Integration into Mission Design ISS Demonstration Activities 72 The Recommended Actions 75 Optimize Engineering Design and Trade Studies Invest in Key Enabling Technologies Assess a Range of Customers for Satellite Servicing Create Design Recommendations for Future Spacecraft Establish Customer/Provider Working Groups Integrate the Satellite Servicing Infrastructure with NASA Program Architectures and Priorities Execute the Mission Sequence ii | On-Orbit Satellite Servicing Study Project Report | October 2010 Chapter 5: Satellite Servicing: The Challenges 78 Technological Challenges 79 Economic Challenges 80 Making Future Missions More Serviceable 82 Getting Close Enough Mode of Servicing Serviceability Design Commonality Chapter 6: Conclusion 86 References 89 Related Historical Materials 92 Acronyms 93 Appendixes 96 Appendix A – Congressional Legislation and Reports Bearing 97 on Science with the New Space Transportation Architecture Appendix B – RFI Responses Summary 99 Appendix C – International Workshop on On-Orbit Satellite Servicing 104 Appendix D – Functional Decomposition of the Activities Required 119 for Satellite Servicing Appendix E – Results of the Integrated Design Center (IDC) Instrument 141 Design Laboratory (IDL) Study on Autonomous Rendezvous and (Berthing, Capture, Docking) Sensor Package, and Robots 1 through 3 Appendix F – Notional Mission Studies 153 Contents | iii Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 The Pillars of On-Orbit Servicing vi 1.2 The Gemini Rendezvous and Docking Experiments 5 1.3 Classes of Satellites for Servicing 12 1.4 The Repaired Skylab 14 1.5 Solar Maximum Mission in the Space Shuttle Bay 15 1.6 Palapa B2 Recovery 16 1.7 HST First Servicing Mission: COSTAR Installation 17 1.8 HST Servicing Sophistication Progression 19 1.9 ISS SSRMS Installing Cupola 20 1.10 ISS Solar Array Repair 21 1.11 Robonaut 2 22 1.12 EVA Power Tool Progression 25 1.13 Unique, Purpose-Built, On-Orbit Repair Tools 26 1.14 Astronaut Training Refines the Tools and Improves On-Orbit 26 Performance of the Human-Machine Interface 1.15 AERCam Sprint 33 1.16 Robotic Assistants 33 2.1 Refueling Depot in Use 35 2.2 Refueling Depot Assembly 37 2.3 Orbital Modification 38 3.1 HST SM4 Release 40 3.2 Refueling an Orbiting Communications Satellite 42 3.3 On-Orbit Assembly 44 3.4 Removal of Undesirable Spacecraft 45 3.5 HubbleSite Visits during HST SM4 47 4.1 The Flight Hardware for the Notional Missions 48 iv | On-Orbit Satellite Servicing Study Project Report | October 2010 4.2 Seminal Mission Coverage of the Servicing Study Trade Space 50 4.3 Servicing Study Trade Space Regions Covered by Historical Missions 51 4.4 Notional Mission Suite Coverage of the Servicing Study Trade Space 51 4.5 Front-end Robotics Enabling Near-term Demonstration (FREND) System 57 4.6 Ranger Telerobotic Shuttle Experiment 58 4.7 Safety Ellipse 60 4.8 The LOTUS 61 4.9 The Recommended Mission Sequence 64 4.10 Tools for Closing the Technology Gap 67 4.11 Robotic Refueling Mission (RRM) 72 4.12 Dextre Pointing Package (DPP) 73 4.13 Astronaut in Action 75 5.1 Earthrise from the Moon 78 6.1 Returning from Mars 86 Tables 1.1 Table of Recommended Actions 4 4.1 Notional Mission Summary Table 53 4.2 Servicer Costs for Each Notional Mission 55 4.3 Table of Recommended Actions 76 Figures and Tables | v Executive Summary In the past two decades, some of the most extraordinary successes in space exploration have emphasized the growing importance of on-orbit servicing. As space explorers, our challenges have moved beyond simply launching complex spacecraft and systems. We are faced with the need to more fully exploit the flight systems already launched, to construct large structures in situ to enable new scientific ventures, and to provide systems that reliably and cost-effectively support the next steps in space exploration. A more refined consciousness of the need to reduce, reuse, and recycle here on Earth drives towards a similar awareness of these needs beyond our planet. The proliferation of abandoned satellites poses known hazards to newer members of the constellation, and may occupy unique and economically valuable orbital real estate that could be recycled for other uses. With the successful completion of a series of Hubble Space Telescope repairs, as well as the assembly of the International Space Station, we can look forward with confidence to plan such a future. Satellite servicing is a tool—a tool that can serve as the “master enabler” to create the architectures needed to conquer the next frontiers in space. Figure 1.1 – The Pillars of On-Orbit Servicing – This graphic highlights the three pillars of satellite servicing to date: the space shuttle (lower left), the Hubble Space Telescope (right), and the International Space Station (upper left). The NASA On-Orbit Satellite Servicing Study, (HEFT) that is charged with developing the new mandated by Congress and supported by the space exploration plans. The comprehensive HEFT NASA Advisory Council (NAC), investigates what study is in keeping with the will of the Congress our future may hold. This document, an internal and the Administration as expressed in the recently report by the Space Servicing Capabilities Project signed multiyear 2010 NASA Authorization Bill. at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center that It will include a study of the development of an performed the study, captures the work performed in-space servicing capability and identify those areas under this Congressional mandate. Its conclusion where human participation in servicing is required or is unequivocal. Viable plans can be put into place beneficial. to develop a meaningful on-orbit satellite servicing Our introduction dissects some common myths capability, allowing us to achieve our key ambitions in about satellite servicing. The main points fall into space using today’s technology and with current and two general categories: “There is nothing to service” projected launch systems. These plans would advance and “It is too costly to service.” Superficially, these our presence in space by enabling more effective use statements appear plausible. However, by studying of assets at near-Earth locations and by supporting the end-to-end life cycle costs of a wide variety of future ventures to more distant destinations. This missions, it becomes apparent that these myths are report discusses such an initiative. incorrect except for limited or unlikely situations. This study incorporates the results from the There are constellations of satellites that would following major activities: 1) conduct an industry- benefit from refueling and/or orbit modifications. wide Request For Information (RFI) to notify the These were not designed to be serviceable, although satellite servicing community of an opportunity for current technology could enable such servicing. discussion, 2) conduct the International Workshop Moreover, the business cases are sound for those on On-Orbit Satellite Servicing in March 2010 to applications that have a commercial component, thus engage the community, 3) examine notional missions refuting the statement that servicing is too costly. to bracket the trades involved for possible servicing Even for those applications that do not have a customers, 4) examine near-term in-space hardware commercial business case, the systems engineering demonstrations to provide relevant and immediate rigor of designing a serviceable system improves the results, and 5) develop and validate
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Low-Energy Lunar Trajectory Design
    LOW-ENERGY LUNAR TRAJECTORY DESIGN Jeffrey S. Parker and Rodney L. Anderson Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, California July 2013 ii DEEP SPACE COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION SERIES Issued by the Deep Space Communications and Navigation Systems Center of Excellence Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Joseph H. Yuen, Editor-in-Chief Published Titles in this Series Radiometric Tracking Techniques for Deep-Space Navigation Catherine L. Thornton and James S. Border Formulation for Observed and Computed Values of Deep Space Network Data Types for Navigation Theodore D. Moyer Bandwidth-Efficient Digital Modulation with Application to Deep-Space Communication Marvin K. Simon Large Antennas of the Deep Space Network William A. Imbriale Antenna Arraying Techniques in the Deep Space Network David H. Rogstad, Alexander Mileant, and Timothy T. Pham Radio Occultations Using Earth Satellites: A Wave Theory Treatment William G. Melbourne Deep Space Optical Communications Hamid Hemmati, Editor Spaceborne Antennas for Planetary Exploration William A. Imbriale, Editor Autonomous Software-Defined Radio Receivers for Deep Space Applications Jon Hamkins and Marvin K. Simon, Editors Low-Noise Systems in the Deep Space Network Macgregor S. Reid, Editor Coupled-Oscillator Based Active-Array Antennas Ronald J. Pogorzelski and Apostolos Georgiadis Low-Energy Lunar Trajectory Design Jeffrey S. Parker and Rodney L. Anderson LOW-ENERGY LUNAR TRAJECTORY DESIGN Jeffrey S. Parker and Rodney L. Anderson Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, California July 2013 iv Low-Energy Lunar Trajectory Design July 2013 Jeffrey Parker: I dedicate the majority of this book to my wife Jen, my best friend and greatest support throughout the development of this book and always.
    [Show full text]
  • Dod Space Technology Guide
    Foreword Space-based capabilities are integral to the U.S.’s national security operational doctrines and processes. Such capa- bilities as reliable, real-time high-bandwidth communica- tions can provide an invaluable combat advantage in terms of clarity of command intentions and flexibility in the face of operational changes. Satellite-generated knowledge of enemy dispositions and movements can be and has been exploited by U.S. and allied commanders to achieve deci- sive victories. Precision navigation and weather data from space permit optimal force disposition, maneuver, decision- making, and responsiveness. At the same time, space systems focused on strategic nuclear assets have enabled the National Command Authorities to act with confidence during times of crisis, secure in their understanding of the strategic force postures. Access to space and the advantages deriving from operat- ing in space are being affected by technological progress If our Armed Forces are to be throughout the world. As in other areas of technology, the faster, more lethal, and more precise in 2020 advantages our military derives from its uses of space are than they are today, we must continue to dynamic. Current space capabilities derive from prior invest in and develop new military capabilities. decades of technology development and application. Joint Vision 2020 Future capabilities will depend on space technology programs of today. Thus, continuing investment in space technologies is needed to maintain the “full spectrum dominance” called for by Joint Vision 2010 and 2020, and to protect freedom of access to space by all law-abiding nations. Trends in the availability and directions of technology clearly suggest that the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Health of the U.S. Space Industrial Base and the Impact of Export Controls
    PRE -DECISIONAL - NOT FOR RELEASE Briefing of the Working Group on the Health of the U.S. Space Industrial Base and the Impact of Export Controls February 2008 1 PRE -DECISIONAL - NOT FOR RELEASE Preamble • “In order to increase knowledge, discovery, economic prosperity, and to enhance the national security, the United States must have robust, effective, and efficient space capabilities. ” - U.S. National Space Policy (August 31, 2006). 2 PRE -DECISIONAL - NOT FOR RELEASE Statement of Task • Empanel an expert study group to [1] review previous and ongoing studies on export controls and the U.S. space industrial base and [2] assess the health of the U.S. space industrial base and determine if there is any adverse impact from export controls, particularly on the lower -tier contractors. • The expert study group will review the results of the economic survey of the U.S. space industrial base conducted by the Department of Commerce and analyzed by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). • Integrate the findings of the study group with the result of the AFRL / Department of Commerce survey to arrive at overall conclusions and recommendations regarding the impact of export controls on the U.S. space industrial base. • Prepare a report and briefing of these findings 3 PRE -DECISIONAL - NOT FOR RELEASE Working Group 4 PRE -DECISIONAL - NOT FOR RELEASE Methodology • Leveraged broad set of interviews and data from: – US government • Department of State, Department of Defense (OSD/Policy, OSD/AT&L, DTSA, STRATCOM, General Council), NRO, Department
    [Show full text]
  • 23 Mar 2018 2018 Asiasat Reports 2017 Annual Results
    MEDIA RELEASE AsiaSat Reports 2017 Annual Results Hong Kong, 23 March 2018 - Asia Satellite Telecommunications Holdings Limited (‘AsiaSat’ – SEHK: 1135), Asia’s leading satellite operator, today announced financial results for the full- year ended 31 December 2017. Financial Highlights: 2017 revenue returned to an upward trend with an increase of 6% to HK$1,354 million from HK$1,272 million in 2016, supported by the lease of the full Ku-band payload of AsiaSat 8 during the year, on-going migration from Standard Definition to High Definition broadcasting and increased demand for data services 2017 profit attributable to owners was HK$397 million (2016: HK$430 million). On a like-for- like basis, after excluding a reversal of tax provision of HK$55 million in 2016, 2017 profit recorded an increase of 6%, HK$22 million compared to 2016 Proposed final dividend of HK$0.20 per share (2016: HK$0.20 per share). Together with the interim dividend of HK$0.18 per share (2016: Nil), the total dividend for the year 2017 is HK$0.38 per share (2016: HK$0.20 per share ) Operational Highlights: AsiaSat enters its 30th year in 2018 with an expanded and upgraded satellite fleet, including the new AsiaSat 9 which became fully operational in November 2017, bringing improved performance to customers and additional capacity to grow company business A lease for the full payload of AsiaSat 4 was secured following successful migration of customers from AsiaSat 4 to AsiaSat 9, the full revenue impact of which will be seen in 2018 Overall payload utilisation
    [Show full text]
  • Electric Propulsion System Scaling for Asteroid Capture-And-Return Missions
    Electric propulsion system scaling for asteroid capture-and-return missions Justin M. Little⇤ and Edgar Y. Choueiri† Electric Propulsion and Plasma Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544 The requirements for an electric propulsion system needed to maximize the return mass of asteroid capture-and-return (ACR) missions are investigated in detail. An analytical model is presented for the mission time and mass balance of an ACR mission based on the propellant requirements of each mission phase. Edelbaum’s approximation is used for the Earth-escape phase. The asteroid rendezvous and return phases of the mission are modeled as a low-thrust optimal control problem with a lunar assist. The numerical solution to this problem is used to derive scaling laws for the propellant requirements based on the maneuver time, asteroid orbit, and propulsion system parameters. Constraining the rendezvous and return phases by the synodic period of the target asteroid, a semi- empirical equation is obtained for the optimum specific impulse and power supply. It was found analytically that the optimum power supply is one such that the mass of the propulsion system and power supply are approximately equal to the total mass of propellant used during the entire mission. Finally, it is shown that ACR missions, in general, are optimized using propulsion systems capable of processing 100 kW – 1 MW of power with specific impulses in the range 5,000 – 10,000 s, and have the potential to return asteroids on the order of 103 104 tons. − Nomenclature
    [Show full text]
  • AFSPC-CO TERMINOLOGY Revised: 12 Jan 2019
    AFSPC-CO TERMINOLOGY Revised: 12 Jan 2019 Term Description AEHF Advanced Extremely High Frequency AFB / AFS Air Force Base / Air Force Station AOC Air Operations Center AOI Area of Interest The point in the orbit of a heavenly body, specifically the moon, or of a man-made satellite Apogee at which it is farthest from the earth. Even CAP rockets experience apogee. Either of two points in an eccentric orbit, one (higher apsis) farthest from the center of Apsis attraction, the other (lower apsis) nearest to the center of attraction Argument of Perigee the angle in a satellites' orbit plane that is measured from the Ascending Node to the (ω) perigee along the satellite direction of travel CGO Company Grade Officer CLV Calculated Load Value, Crew Launch Vehicle COP Common Operating Picture DCO Defensive Cyber Operations DHS Department of Homeland Security DoD Department of Defense DOP Dilution of Precision Defense Satellite Communications Systems - wideband communications spacecraft for DSCS the USAF DSP Defense Satellite Program or Defense Support Program - "Eyes in the Sky" EHF Extremely High Frequency (30-300 GHz; 1mm-1cm) ELF Extremely Low Frequency (3-30 Hz; 100,000km-10,000km) EMS Electromagnetic Spectrum Equitorial Plane the plane passing through the equator EWR Early Warning Radar and Electromagnetic Wave Resistivity GBR Ground-Based Radar and Global Broadband Roaming GBS Global Broadcast Service GEO Geosynchronous Earth Orbit or Geostationary Orbit ( ~22,300 miles above Earth) GEODSS Ground-Based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance
    [Show full text]
  • Rafael Space Propulsion
    Rafael Space Propulsion CATALOGUE A B C D E F G Proprietary Notice This document includes data proprietary to Rafael Ltd. and shall not be duplicated, used, or disclosed, in whole or in part, for any purpose without written authorization from Rafael Ltd. Rafael Space Propulsion INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW PART A: HERITAGE PART B: SATELLITE PROPULSION SYSTEMS PART C: PROPELLANT TANKS PART D: PROPULSION THRUSTERS Satellites Launchers PART E: PROPULSION SYSTEM VALVES PART F: SPACE PRODUCTION CAPABILITIES PART G: QUALITY MANAGEMENT CATALOGUE – Version 2 | 2019 Heritage PART A Heritage 0 Heritage PART A Rafael Introduction and Overview Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. designs, develops, manufactures and supplies a wide range of high-tech systems for air, land, sea and space applications. Rafael was established as part of the Ministry of Defense more than 70 years ago and was incorporated in 2002. Currently, 7% of its sales are re-invested in R&D. Rafael’s know-how is embedded in almost every operational Israel Defense Forces (IDF) system; the company has a special relationship with the IDF. Rafael has formed partnerships with companies with leading aerospace and defense companies worldwide to develop applications based on its proprietary technologies. Offset activities and industrial co-operations have been set-up with more than 20 countries world-wide. Over the last decade, international business activities have been steadily expanding across the globe, with Rafael acting as either prime-contractor or subcontractor, capitalizing on its strengths at both system and sub-system levels. Rafael’s highly skilled and dedicated workforce tackles complex projects, from initial development phases, through prototype, production and acceptance tests.
    [Show full text]
  • Review and Herald for 1960
    October 20, 1960 GENERAL CHURCH PAPER OF THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS G0 0 ot By R. A. Wilcox, President, Middle East Division BOUT a year ago our 100-bed his guard who were wounded and in Several new church buildings are A Dar Es Salaam Hospital in Bagh- the hospital. This opened the door to being planned. At the moment in the dad was taken over by the Iraqi many new experiences. very heart of Baghdad a fine new Government. The entire staff, with For many years in Iraq the Seventh- church seating 600 is nearing comple- one exception, was moved to various day Adventist Church was not rec- tion. There will be ample space to places in the Middle East. This ex- ognized by the Government. Church house the new mission headquarters. ception was a national nurse by the services and schools were permitted The final touches to this building are name of Sohila Khalil Nabood. She but we were not recognized as a de- already completed and the day of remained when the others left. nomination. Now, however, we are dedication is drawing nigh. This It must have been a difficult ex- pleased to report that the Government event will mark the opening of a pub- perience for Sohila to watch the Ad- has granted full and unrestricted de- lic series of evangelistic meetings. ventist doctors move out through the nominational recognition. The church There is a growing interest in the gates and away from the institution, is at liberty to carry on its general pro- Advent truth in Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Submitted to Florida Institute of Technology in Partial Fulfllment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
    Dynamics of Spacecraft Orbital Refueling by Casey Clark Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering 2016 A thesis submitted to Florida Institute of Technology in partial fulfllment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering Melbourne, Florida July, 2018 ⃝c Copyright 2018 Casey Clark All Rights Reserved The author grants permission to make single copies. We the undersigned committee hereby approve the attached thesis Dynamics of Spacecraft Orbital Refueling by Casey Clark Dr. Tiauw Go, Sc.D. Associate Professor. Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Committee Chair Dr. Jay Kovats, Ph.D. Associate Professor Mathematics Outside Committee Member Dr. Markus Wilde, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Committee Member Dr. Hamid Hefazi, Ph.D. Professor and Department Head Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering ABSTRACT Title: Dynamics of Spacecraft Orbital Refueling Author: Casey Clark Major Advisor: Dr. Tiauw Go, Sc.D. A quantitative collation of relevant parameters for successfully completed exper- imental on-orbit fuid transfers and anticipated orbital refueling future missions is performed. The dynamics of connected satellites sustaining fuel transfer are derived by treating the connected spacecraft as a rigid body and including an in- ternal mass fow rate. An orbital refueling results in a time-varying local center of mass related to the connected spacecraft. This is accounted for by incorporating a constant mass fow rate in the inertia tensor. Simulations of the equations of motion are performed using the values of the parameters of authentic missions in an endeavor to provide conclusions regarding the efect of an internal mass transfer on the attitude of refueling spacecraft.
    [Show full text]
  • High Altitude Nuclear Detonations (HAND) Against Low Earth Orbit Satellites ("HALEOS")
    High Altitude Nuclear Detonations (HAND) Against Low Earth Orbit Satellites ("HALEOS") DTRA Advanced Systems and Concepts Office April 2001 1 3/23/01 SPONSOR: Defense Threat Reduction Agency - Dr. Jay Davis, Director Advanced Systems and Concepts Office - Dr. Randall S. Murch, Director BACKGROUND: The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) was founded in 1998 to integrate and focus the capabilities of the Department of Defense (DoD) that address the weapons of mass destruction (WMD) threat. To assist the Agency in its primary mission, the Advanced Systems and Concepts Office (ASCO) develops and maintains and evolving analytical vision of necessary and sufficient capabilities to protect United States and Allied forces and citizens from WMD attack. ASCO is also charged by DoD and by the U.S. Government generally to identify gaps in these capabilities and initiate programs to fill them. It also provides support to the Threat Reduction Advisory Committee (TRAC), and its Panels, with timely, high quality research. SUPERVISING PROJECT OFFICER: Dr. John Parmentola, Chief, Advanced Operations and Systems Division, ASCO, DTRA, (703)-767-5705. The publication of this document does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official position of the sponsoring agency. 1 Study Participants • DTRA/AS • RAND – John Parmentola – Peter Wilson – Thomas Killion – Roger Molander – William Durch – David Mussington – Terry Heuring – Richard Mesic – James Bonomo • DTRA/TD – Lewis Cohn • Logicon RDA – Les Palkuti – Glenn Kweder – Thomas Kennedy – Rob Mahoney – Kenneth Schwartz – Al Costantine – Balram Prasad • Mission Research Corp. – William White 2 3/23/01 2 Focus of This Briefing • Vulnerability of commercial and government-owned, unclassified satellite constellations in low earth orbit (LEO) to the effects of a high-altitude nuclear explosion.
    [Show full text]
  • Orbital Fueling Architectures Leveraging Commercial Launch Vehicles for More Affordable Human Exploration
    ORBITAL FUELING ARCHITECTURES LEVERAGING COMMERCIAL LAUNCH VEHICLES FOR MORE AFFORDABLE HUMAN EXPLORATION by DANIEL J TIFFIN Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of: Master of Science Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2020 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis of DANIEL JOSEPH TIFFIN Candidate for the degree of Master of Science*. Committee Chair Paul Barnhart, PhD Committee Member Sunniva Collins, PhD Committee Member Yasuhiro Kamotani, PhD Date of Defense 21 November, 2019 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. 2 Table of Contents List of Tables................................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures ................................................................................................................. 6 List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction and Background.................................................................................. 14 1.1 Human Exploration Campaigns ....................................................................... 21 1.1.1. Previous Mars Architectures ..................................................................... 21 1.1.2. Latest Mars Architecture .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • On-Orbit Servicing and Refueling Concepts!
    On-orbit Servicing and Refueling Concepts! June 17, 2015 Benjamin B. Reed Deputy Project Manager Satellite Servicing Capabilities Office http://ssco.gsfc.nasa.gov Pre-decisional. Do not forward or post without the consent of [email protected] Introduction! • Over the past five years, NASA has: – Invested in satellite-servicing technologies and tested them on the ground and in orbit – Examined several different “design reference missions” • Non-Shuttle-based Hubble Space Telescope • Propellant depot • 30-m telescope assembly • GOES-12 refueling (GEO) • Landsat 7 refueling (LEO) Growing momentum towards robotic satellite servicing capability. Pre-decisional. Do not forward or post without the consent of [email protected] 2 In Space Robotic Servicing ! • The Satellite Servicing Capabilities Office is responsible for the overall management, coordination, and implementation of satellite servicing technologies and capabilities for NASA. To meet these objectives it: – Conducts studies – Conducts demonstration experiments in orbit and on the ground – Manages technology development and satellite servicing missions – Advises and designs cooperative servicing elements and subsystems Pre-decisional. Do not forward or post without the consent of [email protected] 3 In Space Robotic Servicing Team and Partners! Johnson Space Canadian Space Center Agency Goddard Space Flight Center Department of Defense Space Test Program Glenn Research Center WVU RPI JHU UMD Naval Research Kennedy Laboratory Space Center Pre-decisional. Do not forward or post without the consent of [email protected] 4 Servicing Supports Multiple Objectives! On-orbit Assembly Asteroid Infrastructure Redirection Inspection and Maintenance Fleet Management Government and Commercial Human Exploration Observatory Servicing Servicing Planetary Capabilities! Defense Propellant Depot 5 5 Pre-decisional.
    [Show full text]