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Ruimtewapens Schuldwoestijn Graffiti Without Gravity Van De Hoofdredacteur

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Ruimtewapens Schuldwoestijn Graffiti Without Gravity Van De Hoofdredacteur Ruimtewapens Schuldwoestijn Graffiti without Gravity Van de hoofdredacteur: Het zal u hopelijk niet ontgaan zijn dat, door de komst van het Space Studies Program (SSP) van de International Space University én een groot aantal evenementen in de regio Delft, Den Haag, Leiden en Noordwijk, het een bijzondere ruimtevaartzomer geweest is. Deze ‘Sizzling Summer of Space’ is nu echter toch echt afgelopen. In het volgende nummer staat een nabeschouwing over SSP in Nederland gepland, maar in dit nummer vindt u hiernaast al vast een bijzondere foto van de Koning met de deelnemers tijdens de openingsceremonie en een verslag van een side event gesponsord door de NVR. De voorstelling ‘Fly me to the Moon’ is ook door de NVR ondersteund en is bezocht door een aantal van onze leden. Het theaterstuk maakte mooi gebruik van de bijzondere omgeving van Decos op de Space Campus in Noordwijk. Op de Space Campus zelf zijn veel nieuwe ontwikkelingen gaande waaraan we in de nabije toekomst aandacht willen geven. Bij de voorplaat In dit nummer vindt u het eerste artikel uit een serie over ruimtewapens en een artikel over Gloveboxen dat we Het winnende kunstwerk van de ‘Graffiti without Gravity’ wedstrijd, overgenomen hebben, onder de samenwerkingsover- door Shane Sutton. [ESA/Hague Street Art/S. Sutton] eenkomst met de British Interplanetary Society, uit het blad Spaceflight. Het is goed als Nederlandse partijen zelf positief over hun producten zijn maar het is natuurlijk nog Foto van het kwartaal beter als een onafhankelijke buitenlandse publicatie dat opschrijft. Frappant is verder dat twee artikelen gerelateerd zijn aan lezingen bij het Ruimtevaart Museum in Lelystad, want zowel het boek Schuldwoestijn als het artikel over ruimtewapens zijn onderwerp van een lezing daar geweest. We hopen dat deze uitgave u weer weet te inspireren en danken alle auteurs ook deze keer weer voor hun bijdragen. Peter Buist Koning Willem-Alexander en de deelnemers aan de 31ste editie van het ISU Space Studies Program tijdens de openingsceremonie van SSP18 in ESTEC. [RVD/Albert Nieboer] Nederlandse Vereniging voor Ruimtevaart (NVR) Bestuur Websitecommissie Kascommissie Copyright © 2018 NVR Het bestuur van de NVR wordt Drs. B. ten Berge (voorzitter) Ir. J.A. Meijer Alle rechten voorbehouden. Gehele of gekozen door de leden en bestaat uit: Dr. R.P.N. Bronckers Ir. Z. Pronk gedeeltelijke overname van artikelen, Dr. Ir. G.J. Blaauw (voorzitter) D. Jeyakodi LLM Drs. T. Wierenga foto’s en illustraties uit Ruimtevaart Dr. Ir. P.J. Buist (vice-voorzitter) S. Praal, MA is alleen toegestaan na overleg met Drs. B. ten Berge (secretaris) Ereleden en akkoord van de redactie, en met Ir. M. de Brouwer (penningmeester) Sociale media-commissie Ir. D. de Hoop bronvermelding. De NVR noch de Ir. P.A.W. Batenburg Mr. S.V. Pieterse (voorzitter) Prof. Dr. C. de Jager drukker kan aansprakelijk gesteld worden D. Jeyakodi LLM Drs. B. ten Berge Drs. A. Kuipers voor de juistheid van de informatie in dit Mr. F.N.E. van ’t Klooster D. Stefoudi Ir. J.H. de Koomen blad of voor eventuele zet- of drukfouten. Ir. A.G.M. Marée Drs. Ing. R. Timmermans Ir. H.J.D. Reijnen Dr. Ir. C. Verhoeven F. Roelfsema P. Smolders Kopij Prof. Ir. K.F. Wakker Indien u een bijdrage aan het blad Redactie ‘Ruimtevaart� Evenementencommissie wilt leveren of suggesties wilt geven, Dr. Ir. P.J. Buist (hoofdredacteur) Ir. P.A.W. Batenburg (voorzitter) Contact neem dan contact op met de redactie Ir. M.O. van Pelt (eindredacteur) D. van Beekhuizen Richelle Scheffers via [email protected]. De Ir. F.J.P. Wokke (eindredacteur) Ir. S. de Jong Kapteynstraat 1 redactie behoudt zich het recht voor om Ir. P.A.W. Batenburg Ing. R.H. Linde 2201 BB Noordwijk ingezonden stukken in te korten of niet te Drs. P.G. van Diepen Ir. S. Petrovic [email protected] plaatsen. Ir. E.A. Kuijpers Ir. N. Silvestri www.ruimtevaart-nvr.nl Ing. M.C.A.M. van der List D. Stefoudi ISSN 1382-2446 Vormgeving en opmaak Ir. H.M. Sanders MBA Ir. L. van der Wal Esger Brunner/NNV Dr. P. Wesselius Drukker Ten Brink, Meppel Quantumtechnologie Tien jaar geleden: in de ruimte 4 een space shuttle in 10 Toepassingen van de tweede Rotterdam quantumrevolutie in de Testmodel van de Russische Buran op ruimtevaart. weg naar het Duitse Speyer. Mooiste ervaring Zonder gewicht: wel even van mijn leven 14 wennen 17 ‘Hubble Repairman’ Jeffrey Hoffman De vaste column van Piet Smolders. over zijn reparatiemissie. Ruimtewapens: fictie of Graffiti without Gravity realiteit? Kunstwerken uit een door ESA en 18 The Hague Street Art georganiseerde 24 Ruimtewapens zijn zo oud als de wedstrijd. ruimtevaart zelf. Supernatural science Leren van plastic afval op This Summer the large Life de maan Sciences Glovebox, built by 26 28 Moon Mission 2030 is een educatie- Bradford Engineering BV, will initiatief geïnspireerd op de Apollo be launched to the ISS. maanmissies. Fly me to the Moon ‘Schuldwoestijn’ Beleven hoe het is om van afstand te Boekrecensie en verslag van een kijken 32 bijbehorende lezing 36 ‘Oumuamua Ruimtevaartkroniek Een bezoeker uit de interstellaire Alle lanceringen en belangrijke ruimte. 38 ruimtevaartgebeurtenissen tussen 19 42 april en 31 juli 2018. Ruimtevaart 2018 | 4 3 Quantumtechnologie in de ruimte Bob Dirks (TNO) Als natuurkundige en wannabe astronaut is het geweldig om te zien dat quantumtechnologie langzaam maar zeker doordringt in de ruimte- vaart. Dit werd weer eens te meer duidelijk tijdens de ‘Quantum Tech- nology - Implementations for Space Workshop’ die eind vorig jaar bij ESA/ESTEC in Noordwijk werd georganiseerd. De workshop was geheel gewijd aan de intrigerende wereld van de allerkleinste deeltjes gecombi- neerd met het grootse van ruimtevaart. De Tweede Quantumrevolutie bod. Een ander belangrijk onderwerp sleuteling bleek in die tijd veilig genoeg Quantumtechnologie is ‘booming’. Het was quantumcommunicatie vanuit de te zijn om vertrouwelijk informatie te is zelfs zo dat we op dit moment midden ruimte, en dan specifiek Quantum Key verzenden gezien het geringe aantal in de Tweede Quantumrevolutie zitten. Distributie (QKD) met behulp van satel- mensen dat kon lezen. Waarbij de eerste draaide om het begrij- lieten. Dat dit geen sciencefiction meer Om de voorgenomen verschuiving in pen en toepassen van de fysische wetten is, heeft China vorig jaar bewezen met het alfabet, de encryptiesleutel, te de- die de allerkleinste deeltjes beschrijven, hun quantumsatelliet Micius, waarover len met zijn veldheren, stuurde Caesar de quantummechanica, en onder an- later meer. Tevens is QKD, en space- een koerier op pad, met alle risico’s van dere leidde tot de transistor, lasers en based quantumcommunicatie in het al- dien: de koerier zou omgekocht kunnen GPS (Global Positioning System), draait gemeen, een onderwerp waar ikzelf sa- worden, of de sleutel zou ongemerkt de Tweede Quantumrevolutie om het men met mijn collega’s bij TNO ook aan gekopieerd kunnen worden. De be- gebruik van quantummechanische prin- werk. Vandaar dat een groot deel van dit trouwbaarheid van de koerier en het cipes als verstrengeling en superpositie. artikel zal gaan over het versturen van hebben van een geheime sleutel was Hiervan werd eerder gedacht dat het geheime, versleutelde boodschappen niet gegarandeerd. In onze tijd biedt voor de mens onmogelijk zou zijn om waarin satellieten een cruciale rol spelen. het Caesarcijfer onvoldoende veiligheid, deze te controleren en toe te passen. Nu zelfs als de koerier niet onderschept zou vormen ze de basis voor toekomstige Het versturen van quantum- worden. Met een minimaal aantal on- quantumcomputers, quantuminternet, encryptiesleutels derschepte versleutelde boodschappen quantumcommunicatie en quantumsen- Julius Caesar maakte meer dan 2000 jaar zou je zelfs handmatig de code kunnen soren. geleden al gebruik van het versleutelen kraken. Echter, de elementen die in deze Ruimtevaart speelt hierin een belangrijke van boodschappen naar zijn veldheren. versleuteling voorkomen worden nu nog rol. Dit wordt ook door ESA onderkent, Naar hem is het Caesarcijfer vernoemd steeds gebruikt in huidige encryptieme- die eind vorig jaar voor de tweede keer waarbij elke letter van de te verzenden thoden, en ook voor QKD. bovengenoemde ‘Quantum Technology boodschap vervangen wordt door een Net als bij de Caesarcijfer zijn er bij – Implementations for Space’ workshop letter in een vooraf afgesproken ver- QKD ook twee partijen die graag veilig organiseerde. De laatste ontwikkelingen schuiving in het alfabet. Een voorbeeld met elkaar willen communiceren. In de op het gebied van quantumsensoren, is vervanging van iedere letter in het wonderlijke quantumwereld worden atoominterferometers, atoomklok- bericht door een letter drie stappen deze vaak Alice en immer nuchtere Bob ken, fundamentele quantumfysica, en verderop in het alfabet. Oftewel, een A genoemd. Alice en Bob delen graag hun gebruik in de ruimte, kwamen aan werd een D, de B een E, enz. Deze ver- vertrouwelijke informatie, maar willen 4 Ruimtevaart 2018 | 4 Europese quantumtechnologie activiteiten en ruimtevaart De Europese Unie heeft vorig jaar besloten om 1 miljard QKD satellietservice wordt ontwikkeld. TNO werkt hier euro te investeren in het zogenoemde Quantum Flagship, ook aan mee en is verantwoordelijk voor het optische deel gericht op quantumcommunicatie, quantumcomputers, van de grondstations waarmee de satelliet zijn quantum- quantumsimulatoren en quantumsensoren. De eerste ‘calls- encryptiesleutels uitwisselt. for-proposal’ zijn dit jaar aangekondigd. Eerder, in 2016, heeft Verder heeft ESA twee jaar
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