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[email protected] doi:10.1093/fh/crl019, available online at www.fh.oxfordjournals.org Advance Access published on September 1, 2006 ALGERIAN ORPHANS AND COLONIAL CHRISTIANITY IN ALGERIA, 1866–1939 BERTRAND TAITHE* Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/fh/article/20/3/240/2543512 by guest on 23 September 2021 Abstract—This article considers the exceptional fate of the orphan survivors of the great Algerian demographic crisis of the late 1860s who subsequently converted to Catholicism. Using a prosopographical approach, this study seeks to highlight the complexities of national identity in France and to explore some of the racial tensions emerging in Algeria in the late nineteenth century. Between 1867 and 1869 some 1,800 orphans were collected by the Catholic Church following the series of famines, epidemics and plagues that afflicted Algeria between 1866 and 1868.1 Roughly 900 of these children survived, and many of them converted to Catholicism. By looking at this small contingent of Arab converts, one can ask important questions about ethnicity, religion and citizenship in ‘greater France’. Was Algeria the site of experimentation in racial self-definition, and what part did religion play in the making of racialized atti- tudes? The orphans’ trajectories give some complex answers, showing, as they do, the primacy of religion in anti-Arab racism, the relative racial indifference existing in France itself and the rise of republican forms of racism.