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On Ttethernet for Integrated Fault-Tolerant Spacecraft Networks
On TTEthernet for Integrated Fault-Tolerant Spacecraft Networks Andrew Loveless∗ NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058 There has recently been a push for adopting integrated modular avionics (IMA) princi- ples in designing spacecraft architectures. This consolidation of multiple vehicle functions to shared computing platforms can significantly reduce spacecraft cost, weight, and de- sign complexity. Ethernet technology is attractive for inclusion in more integrated avionic systems due to its high speed, flexibility, and the availability of inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Furthermore, Ethernet can be augmented with a variety of quality of service (QoS) enhancements that enable its use for transmitting critical data. TTEthernet introduces a decentralized clock synchronization paradigm enabling the use of time-triggered Ethernet messaging appropriate for hard real-time applications. TTEther- net can also provide two forms of event-driven communication, therefore accommodating the full spectrum of traffic criticality levels required in IMA architectures. This paper explores the application of TTEthernet technology to future IMA spacecraft architectures as part of the Avionics and Software (A&S) project chartered by NASA's Advanced Ex- ploration Systems (AES) program. Nomenclature A&S = Avionics and Software Project AA2 = Ascent Abort 2 AES = Advanced Exploration Systems Program ANTARES = Advanced NASA Technology Architecture for Exploration Studies API = Application Program Interface ARM = Asteroid Redirect Mission -
Ethercat – Ultra-Fast Communication Standard
EtherCAT – ultra-fast communication standard In 2003, Beckhoff introduces its EtherCAT tech- In 2007, EtherCAT is adopted as an IEC standard, EtherCAT: nology into the market. The EtherCAT Technology underscoring how open the system is. To this Group (ETG) is formed, supported initially by day, the specification remains unchanged; it has global standard 33 founder members. The ETG goes on to stan- only been extended and compatibility has been dardize and maintain the technology. The group is retained. As a result, devices from the early years, the largest fieldbus user organization in the world, even from as far back as 2003, are still interopera- for real-time with more than 5000 members (as of 2019) cur- ble with today’s devices in the same networks. rently. In 2005, the Safety over EtherCAT protocol Another milestone is achieved in 2016 Ethernet from the is rolled out, expanding the EtherCAT specification with EtherCAT P, which introduces the ability to to enable safe transmission of safety-relevant carry power (2 x 24 V) on a standard Cat.5 cable field to the I/Os control data. The low-footprint protocol uses a alongside EtherCAT data. This paves the way for so-called Black Channel, making it completely machines without control cabinets. independent of the communication system used. The launch of EtherCAT G/G10 in 2018 in- How it works The key functional principle of EtherCAT lies in how its nodes process Ethernet frames: each node reads the data addressed to it and writes its data back to Flexible topology the frame all while the frame is An EtherCAT network can sup- moving downstream. -
System Planner
System Planner ACE3600 RTU ab 6802979C45-D Draft 2 Copyright © 2009 Motorola All Rights Reserved March 2009 DISCLAIMER NOTE The information within this document has been carefully checked and is believed to be entirely reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for any inaccuracies. Furthermore Motorola reserves the right to make changes to any product herein to improve reliability, function, or design. Motorola does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product, recommendation, or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent or right of others. All information resident in this document is considered copyrighted. COMPUTER SOFTWARE COPYRIGHTS The Motorola products described in this Product Planner include copyrighted Motorola software stored in semiconductor memories and other media. Laws in the United States and foreign countries preserve for Motorola certain exclusive rights for copyrighted computer programs, including the exclusive right to copy or reproduce in any form the copyrighted computer program. Accordingly, any copyrighted Motorola computer programs contained in Motorola products described in this Product Planner may not be copied or reproduced in any manner without written permission from Motorola, Inc. Furthermore, the purchase of Motorola products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license under the copyright, patents, or patent applications of Motorola, except for the normal non-exclusive, royalty free license to use that arises by operation in law of the sale of a product. TRADEMARKS MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. -
The Role of CAN in the Age of Ethernet and IOT
iCC 2017 CAN in Automation The role of CAN in the age of Ethernet and IOT Christian Schlegel, HMS Industrial Networks CAN technology was developed in the 1980s and became available in 1987, just as other industrial fieldbus systems like PROFIBUS or INTERBUS entered the stage of industrial communication. Beside the fact that CAN is a success in the automotive industry and used in all types of cars today, it has also made its way in many other industrial areas. About 15 years ago, new technologies based on Ethernet started to emerge, with ap- pealing and sometimes outstanding features. Some six years ago Ethernet also started to find its way into automobiles. Today, other new communication technologies are showing up on the horizon driven by the omnipresent Industrial Internet of Things. But even now, 30 years after their introduction, these “classic” fieldbus technologies are still alive – with varying success. Since CAN was initially developed with a focus for use in automobiles, CAN has certain features that still make it the best choice for many applications in automobiles and industrial areas – even when compared to the newer technologies. This paper discusses why CAN is still a valid or even better choice for certain applica- tion areas than Ethernet-based technologies, not just focusing on the advanced fea- tures provided by the enhanced capabilities of CAN FD but also highlighting how these applications benefit from the features of “classic” CAN. Looking back into history … the requirement to transmit data between … when CAN was born these ECUs but also to connect sensors and actuators to them. -
White Paper: Implementing Industrial Ethernet Field Device Functionality by Using Fpgas
WHITE PAPER PROFINET for the process industry Author: Dr. Ulla Reutner White Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction: From fieldbuses to „Ethernet to the Field“ .....................................................................1 2. Special requirements in Ethernet to the Field process automation .......................................................2 3. PROFIBUS PA upgraded for PROFINET ................................................................................................... 3 3.1 General information on PA profiles ................................................................................................... 3 3.2 Special features of PA Profile 4.0 ....................................................................................................... 3 4. PROFINET redundancy models .............................................................................................................. 4 4.1 PROFINET S2 system redundancy ...................................................................................................... 5 4.2 PROFINET R1 system redundancy ...................................................................................................... 5 4.3 PROFINET R2 system redundancy ...................................................................................................... 5 4.4 High availability with a ring topology ................................................................................................ 6 5. Technical solutions for Ethernet to the Field in process manufacturing ...............................................6 -
DIGITALE TECHNOLOGIEN in DER PRAXIS WILLKOMMEN WELCOME Bei SAMSON DIGITAL LAB
DIGITALE TECHNOLOGIEN IN DER PRAXIS WILLKOMMEN WELCOME bei SAMSON DIGITAL LAB. to SAMSON DIGITAL LAB. Read on and discover more. Welche Sprachversion möchten Sie wählen? Please select a language. © 2019 SAMSON AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT Frankfurt am Main, Germany INHALT DIGITALE TECHNOLOGIEN IN DER PRAXIS INTEROPERABILITÄT ALS VORAUSSETZUNG FÜR DIE DIGITALISIERUNG VERBREITERTE DATENBASIS DURCH UMFASSENDE VERNETZUNG BEDIENERFREUNDLICHE GESTALTUNG DURCH USER EXPERIENCE AUTOMATION IN DER ZUKUNFT 3 DIGITALE TECHNOLOGIEN IN DER PRAXIS „Das ROLF SANDVOSS INNOVATION CENTER ist ein Ort, der Interaktion er- möglicht und an dem Menschen aus der ganzen Welt, Partner und Kunden zu- sammenkommen, entwickeln, forschen, ausprobieren und testen können.“ 4 GEBÄUDE Grundstücksfläche: 3265 m² Anzahl der Stockwerke: 3 (+ Kellergeschoss) Brutto-Gesamtfläche: 9050 m² Nutzfläche: 7000 m² Umbautes Volumen: 53000 m³ Max. Bauhöhe: 22,3 m (inklusive Schalldämpfer: 25 m) Stahl: 1100 t (76,5 km) ANLAGENTECHNIK TGA-Leitungen: 4000 m Stromkabel: 40 km Daten- und MSR-Kabel: 50 km Wassertank: 400 m³, 78 t Rohrleitungssystem: 2070 m Anzahl der Signale (I/O): 1673 Anzahl der Ventile: 253 Anzahl der Pumpen: 8 Installierte Leistung: 5,5 MW 5 DIGITALE TECHNOLOGIEN IN DER PRAXIS SAMSON ist Produkt- und Lösungsanbieter für die Steue- rung und Regelung von Durchflussmedien aller Art. Bei der Entwicklung neuer Produkte und Dienstleistungen ste- hen neue Technologien und aktuelle Trends im Mittelpunkt. Das DIGITAL LAB ist Teil des ROLF SANDVOSS INNOVATION CENTER und versteht sich als Kompetenz- -
The Future of CAN / Canopen and the Industrial Ethernet Challenge by Wilfried Voss, President Esd Electronics, Inc USA
The Future of CAN / CANopen and the Industrial Ethernet Challenge by Wilfried Voss, President esd electronics, Inc USA Industrial Ethernet technologies are a formidable challenge to CANopen as the low-cost industrial networking technology of choice. Ethernet technologies will eventually replace the majority of CANopen applications, at least in regards to new developments. For many years, Controller Area Network (CAN) and CANopen, a higher-layer protocol based on CAN, represented the best choice for low-cost industrial embedded networking. However, since the official introduction of CAN in 1986, there has been a quest to replace CAN and CANopen to overcome the most obvious shortcomings such as limited baud rate and limited network length. Industrial Ethernet technologies are currently the most formidable challenge to CANopen as the low-cost industrial networking technology of choice. Ethernet technologies will eventually replace the majority of CANopen applications, at least in regards to new developments, starting at this very moment in certain areas such as industrial control including motion control and, especially, robotics. Ironically, CAN - the underlying hardware layer of CANopen - has a far greater lifetime expectancy in the North American market than CANopen as a higher layer protocol. However, there can be too much of a good thing, and that is definitely the case when it comes to Ethernet-based fieldbus technologies. There are currently more than 20 different industrial Ethernet solutions available, all with their distinctive advantages and disadvantages, making a pro/contra decision difficult. The major question, besides the technical aspect, is which of these technologies will survive in the market, and how do they support the current need for control components. -
Profinet Vs Profibus
Profinet vs Profibus Pouya Aminaie1 and Poorya Aminaie2 1Department of ECE, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2 Department of ECE, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We present a step by step definition of Profinet and Profibus. We introduced different types of each of the two communication protocols. We then described the topology and performance of each one individually. Finally, the properties of them have been compared to show that which one has better performance in the industry. Keywords: Profinet, Profibus, Industrial Ethernet and Communication Networks 1. Introduction 1.1. Profinet Profinet is the abbreviation for Process Field Net, which refers to technical standards for data communication through Ethernet in the industry. These types of standards are used for gathering data and controlling industrial equipment. As can be seen from Fig.1, Profinet satisfies all the needs of industrial technologies. Fig.1 Requirement of automation technology [1] 1 The need for Profinet is felt in production automation and processing automation sections, where its use can resolve many of these needs. Profinet can be divided into two main categories, as follows: • Profinet IO • Profinet CBA 1.2. Profibus The word Profibus is taken from the phrase Process Field Bus. The scope of this protocol covers from the field level to the control level. The advantages of Profibus are as follows: 1. Low noise acceptance due to twisted pair cable being the transmission interface. 2. Appropriate bandwidth due to the use of an appropriate transmission method such as RS485. 3. Secure and non-interfering data exchange for using the token pass access method. -
Ethernet – to the Field
Ethernet – To the Field Ethernet-APL™. Ease of adoption. Seamless integration. Simplified installation. Greater range. Valuable data. 01 Abstract Process plants operate for 20+ years and are required to be safe for people, the product, and the environment. Explosion potential in hazardous areas and harsh conditions require that any deployment of new technology is both thoroughly tested and provides added business benefits. Technology must not be complicated in handling or require extensive training. Ethernet is the de-facto communication standard in enterprises, but it does not meet the requirements in the field of process automation without modification. Ethernet with an Advanced Physical Layer (Ethernet-APL™) will enable long cable lengths and explosion protection via intrinsic safety with communication and power over two wires. Based on IEEE and IEC standards, Ethernet-APL supports any Ethernet-based automation protocol and will develop into a single, long-term stable technology for the entire process automation community. This white paper covers the business environment, technical specifi- cations, implications for different user types, and the development status of Ethernet-APL. Situation and Business Environment for Process Applications Process plants today compete to produce more products with less waste, and thin profit margins require increased output yield with increasing quality. Digital transformation has made it increasingly worthwhile for companies to consider making investments to obtain more plant data from process automation systems and instrumentation. However, to do so, new procedures and products are required to gain access to this data from every part of the plant and to extract more value on every production run. In the manufacturing industries, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Industrie 4.0 are already part of everyday operations, and in the near future, these technologies will also enter the field of process automation and instrumentation. -
ETHERNET Powerlink Real-Time Industrial ETHERNET Servo Drives & Controllers
aerospace climate control electromechanical filtration fluid & gas handling hydraulics pneumatics process control sealing & shielding ETHERNET Powerlink Real-Time Industrial ETHERNET Servo Drives & Controllers Parker Hannifin Corporation • Electromechanical Automation Division • 800-358-9070 • www.parkermotion.com 1 ETHERNET Powerlink MotionBus Systems from the Global Leader in Motion Control Parker understands the challenges facing OEMs in high- tech industries. To help meet their challenges, Parker’s team of highly experienced motion system designers use a systematic project management process to deliver the most advanced linear motion technologies available. For all industrial automation solutions, Parker Automation combines speed, accuracy and high-load capability to give machine builders and OEMs a competitive edge. Medical device manufacturers Parker is the only supplier that utilize Parker’s integrated can provide complete technical automation solutions specifically and engineered solutions designed to reduce time-to- to OEMs for any packaging market and engineering costs requirement. Parker’s innovative while improving compliance with engineering, breadth of line, today’s stringent government worldwide distribution, and regulations. outstanding customer service set the standard for the industrial For semiconductor manufacturers, motion market in all these areas: our extensive expertise in vacuum preparation, cleanroom • Application analysis facilities and large-format • Engineering assistance systems enable us to design and • -
Industrial Ethernet Facts Compares PROFINET (RT, IRT), POWERLINK, Ethernet/IP, Ethercat, and SERCOS III, I.E
Luca Lachello Wratil Peter Anton Meindl Stefan Schönegger Singh Karunakaran Bhagath Huazhen Song Stéphane Potier Preface Outsiders are not alone in finding the world of Industrial Ethernet somewhat confusing. Experts who examine the matter are similarly puzzled by a broad and intransparent line-up of competing systems. Most manufacturers provide very little information of that rare sort that captures techni- cal characteristics and specific functionalities of a certain standard in a way that is both com- prehensive and easy to comprehend. Users will find themselves even more out of luck if they are seeking material that clearly compares major systems to facilitate an objective assessment. We too have seen repeated inquiries asking for a general overview of the major systems and wondering “where the differences actually lie”. We have therefore decided to dedicate an issue of the Industrial Ethernet Facts to this very topic. In creating this, we have tried to remain as objective as a player in this market can be. Our roundup focuses on technical and economic as well as on strategic criteria, all of which are relevant for a consideration of the long-term via- bility of investments in Industrial Ethernet equipment. The arguments made in this publication were advanced and substantiated in numerous conversations and discussions with developers and decision-makers in this field. We have made every attempt to verify claims whenever practically possible. This document must not be modified Despite all our efforts, though, we were unable to ascertain exact, verifiable information on without prior consent of its publisher. some aspects, which prompts us to ask for your help: if you would like to propose any Passing on the document in its entirety amendments or corrections, please send us an e-mail or simply give us a call. -
OPC Unified Architecture Interoperability for Industrie 4.0 and the Internet of Things
1 OPC Unified Architecture Interoperability for Industrie 4.0 and the Internet of Things IoT Industrie 4.0 M2M 2 Welcome to the OPC Foundation! As the international standard for vertical and horizontal communication, OPC-UA provides semantic interoper- ability for the smart world of connect- ed systems. Thomas J. Burke President und Executive Director OPC Foundation OPC Unified Architecture (OPC-UA) is the data ex- OPC-UA is an IEC standard and therefore ideally change standard for safe, reliable, manufacturer- suited for cooperation with other organizations. and platform-independent industrial communication. As a global non-profit organization, the OPC Foun- It enables data exchange between products from dation coordinates the further development of the different manufacturers and across operating sys- OPC standard in collaboration with users, manufac- tems. The OPC-UA standard is based on specifica- turers and researchers. Activities include: tions that were developed in close cooperation be- tween manufacturers, users, research institutes and ➞ Development and maintenance of specifications consortia, in order to enable safe information ex- ➞ Certification and compliance tests of change in heterogeneous systems. implementations ➞ Cooperation with other standards organizations OPC has been very popular in the industry and also becoming more popular in other markets like the This brochure provides an overview of IoT, M2M Internet of Things (IoT). With the introduction of Ser- (Machine to Machine) and Industrie 4.0 requirements vice-Oriented-Architecture (SOA) in industrial auto- and illustrates solutions, technical details and imple- mation systems in 2007, OPC-UA started to offer a mentations based on OPC-UA. scalable, platform-independent solution which com- The broad approval among representatives from re- bines the benefits of web services and integrated search, industry and associations indicates OPC-UA security with a consistent data model.