The Role of CAN in the Age of Ethernet and IOT
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On Ttethernet for Integrated Fault-Tolerant Spacecraft Networks
On TTEthernet for Integrated Fault-Tolerant Spacecraft Networks Andrew Loveless∗ NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058 There has recently been a push for adopting integrated modular avionics (IMA) princi- ples in designing spacecraft architectures. This consolidation of multiple vehicle functions to shared computing platforms can significantly reduce spacecraft cost, weight, and de- sign complexity. Ethernet technology is attractive for inclusion in more integrated avionic systems due to its high speed, flexibility, and the availability of inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Furthermore, Ethernet can be augmented with a variety of quality of service (QoS) enhancements that enable its use for transmitting critical data. TTEthernet introduces a decentralized clock synchronization paradigm enabling the use of time-triggered Ethernet messaging appropriate for hard real-time applications. TTEther- net can also provide two forms of event-driven communication, therefore accommodating the full spectrum of traffic criticality levels required in IMA architectures. This paper explores the application of TTEthernet technology to future IMA spacecraft architectures as part of the Avionics and Software (A&S) project chartered by NASA's Advanced Ex- ploration Systems (AES) program. Nomenclature A&S = Avionics and Software Project AA2 = Ascent Abort 2 AES = Advanced Exploration Systems Program ANTARES = Advanced NASA Technology Architecture for Exploration Studies API = Application Program Interface ARM = Asteroid Redirect Mission -
Smartwire-DT Gateways – Canopen and PROFIBUS-DP
09/11 MN05013002Z-EN Manual replaces 06/09 AWB2723-1612en SmartWire-DT Gateways All brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of the owner concerned. Emergency On Call Service Please call your local representative: http://www.eaton.com/moeller/aftersales or Hotline of the After Sales Service: +49 (0) 180 5 223822 (de, en) [email protected] Original Operating Instructions The German-language edition of this document is the original operating manual. Translation of the original operating manual ) All editions of this document other than those in German language are translations of 2 the original German manual. 1st edition 2009, edition date 02/09 2nd edition 2009, edition date 06/09 3rd edition 2010, edition date 03/10 4th edition 2010, edition date 06/10 5th edition 2011, edition date 03/11 6th edition 2011, edition date 09/11 See revision protocol in the “About this manual“ chapter © 2009 by Eaton Industries GmbH, 53105 Bonn Production: René Wiegand Translation: globaldocs GmbH All rights reserved, including those of the translation. Rückenbreite festlegen! (1 Blatt = 0,106 mm, gilt nur für XBS) g/m 80 bei Digitaldruck Eberwein für mm = 0,080 Blatt (1 No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form (printed, photocopy, microfilm or any other process) or processed, duplicated or distributed by means of electronic systems without written permission of Eaton Industries GmbH, Bonn. Subject to alteration without notice. Danger! Dangerous electrical voltage! Before commencing the installation • Disconnect the power supply of the • Suitable safety hardware and device. software measures should be • Ensure that devices cannot be implemented for the I/O interface accidentally restarted. -
Ethercat – Ultra-Fast Communication Standard
EtherCAT – ultra-fast communication standard In 2003, Beckhoff introduces its EtherCAT tech- In 2007, EtherCAT is adopted as an IEC standard, EtherCAT: nology into the market. The EtherCAT Technology underscoring how open the system is. To this Group (ETG) is formed, supported initially by day, the specification remains unchanged; it has global standard 33 founder members. The ETG goes on to stan- only been extended and compatibility has been dardize and maintain the technology. The group is retained. As a result, devices from the early years, the largest fieldbus user organization in the world, even from as far back as 2003, are still interopera- for real-time with more than 5000 members (as of 2019) cur- ble with today’s devices in the same networks. rently. In 2005, the Safety over EtherCAT protocol Another milestone is achieved in 2016 Ethernet from the is rolled out, expanding the EtherCAT specification with EtherCAT P, which introduces the ability to to enable safe transmission of safety-relevant carry power (2 x 24 V) on a standard Cat.5 cable field to the I/Os control data. The low-footprint protocol uses a alongside EtherCAT data. This paves the way for so-called Black Channel, making it completely machines without control cabinets. independent of the communication system used. The launch of EtherCAT G/G10 in 2018 in- How it works The key functional principle of EtherCAT lies in how its nodes process Ethernet frames: each node reads the data addressed to it and writes its data back to Flexible topology the frame all while the frame is An EtherCAT network can sup- moving downstream. -
— PROFIBUS-Adapter
— ABB MEASUREMENT & ANALYTICS | DATA SHEET PROFIBUS-Adapter — To find your local ABB contact visit: www.abb.com/contacts For more information visit: www.abb.com/measurement — We reserve the right to make technical changes or modify the contents of this document without prior notice. With regard to purchase orders, the agreed particulars shall prevail. ABB does not accept any responsibility whatsoever for potential errors or possible lack of information in this document. We reserve all rights in this document and in the subject matter and illustrations contained therein. Any reproduction, disclosure to third parties or utilization of its contents – in whole or in parts – is forbidden without prior written consent of ABB. © ABB 2019 3KXN631121R1001 10/63-6.31-EN Rev. G 05.2019 2 NDA121-NO PROFIBUS-ADAPTER | 10/63-6.31-EN REV. G NDA121-NO PROFIBUS-ADAPTER | 10/63-6.31-EN REV. G 7 — Measurement made easy — Profibus DP / PC Adapter • USB NDA121-NO PROFIBUS-ADAPTER | 10/63-6.31-EN REV. G 3 — NDA121-NO PROFIBUS DP / PC-USB adapter hange from one to two columns Adapter CommDTM Desktop PC’s as well as notebooks can be flexible connected The Device Type Manager CommDTM provides access to the in the field to a PROFIBUS® network via the adapter PROFIBUS® Master NDA121-NO. Within the FDT architecture, NDA121-NO. Thereby a parallel operation of up to 16 adapter the CommunicationDTM enables DeviceDTMs to connect to is possible. The adapter supports the Master functionality of their respective devices via PROFIBUS® DP/-V1. the PROFIBUS® Standards DP (class 1 and 2), DP-V1 (class 2). -
Master Simulators
Master simulators By using master simulators from HMS, you can set up and test slaves/adapters on PROFIBUS, PROFINET, CANopen, EtherNet/IP and DeviceNet without having a PLC in place. Simply connect to your computer and you have a very cost-efficient alternative to a PLC or PC-card. CANopen interface — powered by USB USB port on the PC RS-232 CANopen cable 9-pin D-Sub connector PROFIBUS interface Device under test Device under test DeviceNet interface USB (24V power supply required to connect and test a DeviceNet adapter —not included). DeviceNet cable with data and power lines Pluggable screw connector Ethernet cable with termination Device under test Device under test Available for: Test your device without an expensive PLC Key features Master simulators are ideal for test-wiring of inputs and ouputs • Easy-to-use test and diagnostics and reading and writing analog values. They are useful during tool. setup of slave/adapters in a network as well as during final • No programming required. inspection tests at the device manufacturer. • Auto-detects slaves/adapters Industrial Ethernet versions are software-only, while fieldbus (even when GSD/EDS file is not versions also include a converter interface which is used to available). connect the fieldbus cable to the PC. • Auto detection of I/O data size. No GSD/EDS files needed (not for EtherNet/IP) During setup and maintenance, there may not be GSD/EDS available making master simulators especially useful for this scenario. HMS provides a full 3 year product guarantee TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Description Consists of a Windows-based Software only. -
Fieldbus Communication: Industry Requirements and Future Projection
MÄLARDALEN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF INNOVATION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING VÄSTERÅS, SWEDEN Thesis for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering - Computer Network Engineering | 15.0 hp | DVA333 FIELDBUS COMMUNICATION: INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS AND FUTURE PROJECTION Erik Viking Niklasson [email protected] Examiner: Mats Björkman Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden Supervisor: Elisabeth Uhlemann Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden 2019-09-04 Erik Viking Niklasson Fieldbus Communication: Industry Requirements and Future Projection Abstract Fieldbuses are defined as a family of communication media specified for industrial applications. They usually interconnect embedded systems. Embedded systems exist everywhere in the modern world, they are included in simple personal technology as well as the most advanced spaceships. They aid in producing a specific task, often with the purpose to generate a greater system functionality. These kinds of implementations put high demands on the communication media. For a medium to be applicable for use in embedded systems, it has to reach certain requirements. Systems in industry practice react on real-time events or depend on consistent timing. All kinds are time sensitive in their way. Failing to complete a task could lead to irritation in slow monitoring tasks, or catastrophic events in failing nuclear reactors. Fieldbuses are optimized for this usage. This thesis aims to research fieldbus theory and connect it to industry practice. Through interviews, requirements put on industry are explored and utilization of specific types of fieldbuses assessed. Based on the interviews, guidelines are put forward into what fieldbus techniques are relevant to study in preparation for future work in the field. A discussion is held, analysing trends in, and synergy between, state of the art and the state of practice. -
Profibus and Modbus: a Comparison
James Powell, P. Eng. Profibus and Modbus: a comparison We live in a multi-protocol In this article, we will provide an overview col that only Modicon could use. However, of both protocols and discuss their key it was later published royalty-free so that world – and this will likely strengths and applications. Comparing the anyone could use it. Finally, Modicon made not change anytime soon. two, we’ll see that both protocols have their it an open protocol. When it was published, own particular strengths. We’ll also discuss a number of companies started using it, Different protocols work which one works best in which applications creating different interpretations and modi- better in different applica- – although there is some overlap in what fi cations of the original specifi cation. As a each can do. What’s more, they can com- result, there are now quite a few variations tions. I have not come to plement each other in joint applications. in the fi eld. bury Modbus or Profibus, Introduction to Modbus The specifi cation document is fewer than nor to praise them, but 100 pages in length, which is a good indica- rather to add some per- Modbus is the “granddaddy” of industrial tion of the protocol’s low level of complex- communication protocols. It was originally ity. In comparison, Profi bus’ specifi cation spective and knowledge. designed in the mid-1970s by Modicon as document is thousands of pages long. a way to link intelligent devices with PLCs using a simple master/slave concept. The term “Modbus” typically refers to one of three related protocols: Modbus ASCII, “Simple” is a key descriptor for Modbus – Modbus RTU, or Modbus TCP/IP:1 and also its biggest strength. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Chapter 1 Bus Decode -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Basic operation --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Add a Bus Decode ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Advance channel setting ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Specially Bus Decode: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 1-Wire ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 3-Wire ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 7-Segment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 A/D Converter--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 AcceleroMeter -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 AD-Mux Flash -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 Advanced Platform Management Link (APML) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 21 BiSS-C------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23 BSD --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
The Future of CAN / Canopen and the Industrial Ethernet Challenge by Wilfried Voss, President Esd Electronics, Inc USA
The Future of CAN / CANopen and the Industrial Ethernet Challenge by Wilfried Voss, President esd electronics, Inc USA Industrial Ethernet technologies are a formidable challenge to CANopen as the low-cost industrial networking technology of choice. Ethernet technologies will eventually replace the majority of CANopen applications, at least in regards to new developments. For many years, Controller Area Network (CAN) and CANopen, a higher-layer protocol based on CAN, represented the best choice for low-cost industrial embedded networking. However, since the official introduction of CAN in 1986, there has been a quest to replace CAN and CANopen to overcome the most obvious shortcomings such as limited baud rate and limited network length. Industrial Ethernet technologies are currently the most formidable challenge to CANopen as the low-cost industrial networking technology of choice. Ethernet technologies will eventually replace the majority of CANopen applications, at least in regards to new developments, starting at this very moment in certain areas such as industrial control including motion control and, especially, robotics. Ironically, CAN - the underlying hardware layer of CANopen - has a far greater lifetime expectancy in the North American market than CANopen as a higher layer protocol. However, there can be too much of a good thing, and that is definitely the case when it comes to Ethernet-based fieldbus technologies. There are currently more than 20 different industrial Ethernet solutions available, all with their distinctive advantages and disadvantages, making a pro/contra decision difficult. The major question, besides the technical aspect, is which of these technologies will survive in the market, and how do they support the current need for control components. -
Profinet Vs Profibus
Profinet vs Profibus Pouya Aminaie1 and Poorya Aminaie2 1Department of ECE, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2 Department of ECE, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We present a step by step definition of Profinet and Profibus. We introduced different types of each of the two communication protocols. We then described the topology and performance of each one individually. Finally, the properties of them have been compared to show that which one has better performance in the industry. Keywords: Profinet, Profibus, Industrial Ethernet and Communication Networks 1. Introduction 1.1. Profinet Profinet is the abbreviation for Process Field Net, which refers to technical standards for data communication through Ethernet in the industry. These types of standards are used for gathering data and controlling industrial equipment. As can be seen from Fig.1, Profinet satisfies all the needs of industrial technologies. Fig.1 Requirement of automation technology [1] 1 The need for Profinet is felt in production automation and processing automation sections, where its use can resolve many of these needs. Profinet can be divided into two main categories, as follows: • Profinet IO • Profinet CBA 1.2. Profibus The word Profibus is taken from the phrase Process Field Bus. The scope of this protocol covers from the field level to the control level. The advantages of Profibus are as follows: 1. Low noise acceptance due to twisted pair cable being the transmission interface. 2. Appropriate bandwidth due to the use of an appropriate transmission method such as RS485. 3. Secure and non-interfering data exchange for using the token pass access method. -
ETHERNET Powerlink Real-Time Industrial ETHERNET Servo Drives & Controllers
aerospace climate control electromechanical filtration fluid & gas handling hydraulics pneumatics process control sealing & shielding ETHERNET Powerlink Real-Time Industrial ETHERNET Servo Drives & Controllers Parker Hannifin Corporation • Electromechanical Automation Division • 800-358-9070 • www.parkermotion.com 1 ETHERNET Powerlink MotionBus Systems from the Global Leader in Motion Control Parker understands the challenges facing OEMs in high- tech industries. To help meet their challenges, Parker’s team of highly experienced motion system designers use a systematic project management process to deliver the most advanced linear motion technologies available. For all industrial automation solutions, Parker Automation combines speed, accuracy and high-load capability to give machine builders and OEMs a competitive edge. Medical device manufacturers Parker is the only supplier that utilize Parker’s integrated can provide complete technical automation solutions specifically and engineered solutions designed to reduce time-to- to OEMs for any packaging market and engineering costs requirement. Parker’s innovative while improving compliance with engineering, breadth of line, today’s stringent government worldwide distribution, and regulations. outstanding customer service set the standard for the industrial For semiconductor manufacturers, motion market in all these areas: our extensive expertise in vacuum preparation, cleanroom • Application analysis facilities and large-format • Engineering assistance systems enable us to design and • -
Industrial Ethernet Facts Compares PROFINET (RT, IRT), POWERLINK, Ethernet/IP, Ethercat, and SERCOS III, I.E
Luca Lachello Wratil Peter Anton Meindl Stefan Schönegger Singh Karunakaran Bhagath Huazhen Song Stéphane Potier Preface Outsiders are not alone in finding the world of Industrial Ethernet somewhat confusing. Experts who examine the matter are similarly puzzled by a broad and intransparent line-up of competing systems. Most manufacturers provide very little information of that rare sort that captures techni- cal characteristics and specific functionalities of a certain standard in a way that is both com- prehensive and easy to comprehend. Users will find themselves even more out of luck if they are seeking material that clearly compares major systems to facilitate an objective assessment. We too have seen repeated inquiries asking for a general overview of the major systems and wondering “where the differences actually lie”. We have therefore decided to dedicate an issue of the Industrial Ethernet Facts to this very topic. In creating this, we have tried to remain as objective as a player in this market can be. Our roundup focuses on technical and economic as well as on strategic criteria, all of which are relevant for a consideration of the long-term via- bility of investments in Industrial Ethernet equipment. The arguments made in this publication were advanced and substantiated in numerous conversations and discussions with developers and decision-makers in this field. We have made every attempt to verify claims whenever practically possible. This document must not be modified Despite all our efforts, though, we were unable to ascertain exact, verifiable information on without prior consent of its publisher. some aspects, which prompts us to ask for your help: if you would like to propose any Passing on the document in its entirety amendments or corrections, please send us an e-mail or simply give us a call.