International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 9, September 2018, pp. 600–614, Article ID: IJCIET_09_09_059 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=9 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

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EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM TO SUPPORT IMPLEMENTATION OF FOOD SECURITY POLICY

*Sinar Indra Kesuma, Yusak Maryunianta and Iskandar Muda Universitas Sumatera Utara, , *Correspondence Email : [email protected]

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to analyze whether Condition of Irrigation Area (DI) in and evaluation of Irrigation System to Support Food Security Program in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The research sites were determined by purposive sampling in 6 regencys in North Sumatera Province representing the Highlands. Each sample irrigation area, 30 samples consist of 28 water-use farmers and 2 SKPD staff or officials associated with the irrigation system. The results of the study showed that The evaluation of the role of irrigation system in supporting food security in North Sumatra is found that the share or role of irrigation to rice production in North Sumatera is 64.64% or in other words, most of rice production in North Sumatera is the contribution from irrigation area with Toba having the highest share or contribution of irrigation to the rice production reaching 93.51% and Labuhan Batu Regency is area which has the lowest share that is only about 2.42%. Key words: Condition of Irrigation Area, Civil Works, Food Security System. Cite this Article: Sinar Indra Kesuma, Yusak Maryunianta and Iskandar Muda, Evaluation of Irrigation System to Support Implementation of Food Security Policy. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(9), 2018, pp. 600-614. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=9

1. INTRODUCTION Indonesia is an agrarian country so that development in agriculture becomes the main priority with the development of food security as a strategic component in national development. In Law No. 18 of 2012 on Food explained that food security is defined as the condition of the fulfillment of food for households which is reflected from the availability of adequate food, either in quantity or quality, which is safe, equitable, and affordable. Various ways have been done in development in agriculture to increase food production in an effort to achieve food security, among others by extensification through efforts to increase food production by expanding planting areas and intensification through efforts to increase food production in intensive ways on existing land, such as with the use of quality seeds, the provision of appropriate fertilizers and the provision of effective and efficient irrigation water. Irrigation is

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 600 [email protected] Evaluation of Irrigation System to Support Implementation of Food Security Policy one of the important factors in food production. It cannot be separated from the effort of irrigation technique that is to provide water with the right conditions of quality, appropriate space and on time in an effective and economical way (Sudjarwadi, 1990). The contribution of irrigation infrastructure and facilities to food security has been considerable which is at 84 percent of national rice production from irrigated areas (Hasan, 2005). At the same time, in some countries in the world, irrigation system plays an important role in food production which reaches 50-80% of food produced from irrigation land (Ghumman, et al, 2011). Ministry of Public Works every year has tried to increase production by at least 7% per year. These efforts include, among others: the provision of water that must be in accordance with the time, space, quantity, quality, condition of facilities/infrastructure of natural resources, and management of natural resources based on the regulation. Of all irrigation areas throughout Indonesia, 70% is the authority of the local government and 2.6 million hectares must be improved (Syaifuddin, et al., 2013). One of the main problems in irrigation water supply is the increasing scarcity of water at certain times. On the other hand demand for water for various needs tends to increase as a result of population increase, diversity of water utilization, development of construction, and the tendency of decreasing water quality due to pollution by various activities (Bustomi, 2003). Other problems in the provision of irrigation water are in terms of arrangement and distribution or operation and maintenance. Technically the arrangement and distribution of irrigation water can be planned and done accurately and optimally based on existing technology. The condition of irrigation infrastructure in Indonesia is considered worrying so it is doubtful to contribute to the agricultural sector in order to realize national food self- sufficiency. Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia (2014) stated that at least 52 percent of irrigation in Indonesia or about 3.3 million hectares are damaged and even many of these irrigation channels have not been treated well for 20 years so that their ability to irrigate agricultural land decreases. The problem of irrigation damage is also occurring in North Sumatra, where irrigation channel damage is often complained by farmers who do not get adequate water supply to facilitate cultivation activities (Waspada Newspaper, November 27, 2014). On the other hand, the institution of farmers who take care of the irrigation, who are members of the Irrigation Commission and Water-Use Farmers Association (P3A) in North Sumatra has not been running optimally as a result of lack of counseling and guidance conducted by related institutions so that irrigation water management is not running effectively and efficiently. On the other side, the fulfillment of people's food needs in recent years is increasingly dependent on imports and shifting consumption patterns of society, so to achieve food self-sufficiency in the future must be done through concerted efforts concentrated on increasing the production of food planned from the region. To increase agricultural production in addition to improving the quality of seeds, fertilization, pest control, and plant diseases, the role of irrigation also needs to be considered. Efforts to utilize water through irrigation require a good management system, so that water utilization can be implemented effectively and efficiently (Ansori et al., 2013). The Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2006 clearly states that irrigation development and management aims to realize the benefits of water in agriculture which is held in a participatory way to support farm productivity in order to increase agricultural production in the framework of national food security and society welfare, especially farmers, realized through the sustainability of a participatory irrigation system. In line with this, the Minister of Public Works of the Republic of Indonesia through the Decree of the Minister of Public Works No. 293 of 2014 on Stipulation of the Status of Irrigation Area, has established the irrigation system in North Sumatra Province developed in three categories of management authority namely irrigation area (DI); The Central Government administers 12 DI, Provincial Government of 64 DI and the Regency/City Government of 932 DI.

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The irrigation network in North Sumatera until 2013 is approximately 420,364 hectares with details as follows: Water Resources Management Department (PSDA) of North Sumatra Province manages 88,773 hectares, River Region (BWS) of Sumatera II covering 70,530 hectares and Regency/city manages an area of 261,061 hectares. The details of irrigation conditions handled by PSDA of North Sumatera Province in 2013 were 44.44% (38,662 hectares) with good condition, 15.63% (13,597 hectares) with light damaged, 20.49% (17,826 hectares) with moderate damaged and 19.44% (16,912 hectares) with severe damage. Irrigation channels that are severely damaged according to the PSDA of North Sumatra Province mainly occur due to many agricultural areas in some regencys that have been converted into oil palm plantations, thus making irrigation networks dry due to unlogged water (Harian Waspada, January 12, 2014). The extent of this irrigation area is very instrumental to support North Sumatra as a national food barn area. Through the role of the PSDA and the Department of Agriculture of North Sumatra Province in the field of irrigation and agriculture make North Sumatra into 5 (five) major self-sufficiency in rice and national corn in 2013. In an effort to realize the 95 percent steady irrigation network target by 2018 as mandated in the RPJMD of North Sumatra Province 2014-2018, it is necessary to revise the existing irrigation system in North Sumatra. One of them is through evaluation of irrigation system in North Sumatra. So far, the role of irrigation systems in the development of food security in this area has not been accurately evaluated and assessed.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Food Security In Law No. 18 of 2012 on Food it is explained that food security is the condition of the fulfillment of food for the State up to individuals, which is reflected from the availability of adequate food, both quantity and quality, safe, diverse, nutritious, equitable, and affordable and not contradictory with religion, belief, and culture of society, to be able to live healthy, active, and productive in a sustainable manner. The fulfillment of food for individuals is illustrated by the level of rice consumption per capita. Indonesia's per capita rice consumption rate based on the 2010 Census is 139 kg/year and it continues to decline (BPS, 2010). According to the Minister of Agriculture, Suswono, our rice per capita consumption of rice is still high, which is 316 grams of rice consumption per capita per day, whereas according to the Standard of Food Expectation Pattern (PPH) it is enough with 275 grams per capita per day. Or if calculated per year then the consumption of rice in Indonesia is 115 kg per capita per year, and according to the Standard of Food Expectation Pattern (PPH) it is enough with 100 kg per capita per year. Meanwhile, based on the RPJMN 2010-2014, the target of food security performance indicators are: (1) the decrease of the population of food insecurity by 1 percent per year; (2) achievement of food expectation pattern score of 95 by 2015 (Presidential Decree No. 22/2009 on Policy Acceleration of Local Resource-Based Food Consumption Diversification); (3) a decrease in rice consumption by 1.5 percent per year (Presidential Decree No. 22/2009); (4) stable grain prices at farm level at harvest time adjusted to government purchase price (HPP); and (5) stable staple food prices at the consumer level.

2.2. Food Implementation To understand the essence of food in the context of Law No. 18 of 2012 on Food, it should be understood that the scope is very broad. To be more clearly with the scope, it is necessary to understand first the difference between food and agriculture. Food is the result and or processed product from agriculture. The scope of agriculture includes food agriculture, plantations, livestock, fisheries and forestry and water.

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2.3. Food Security System Food is the lifeblood of a nation, because it involves the livelihood of many people. Food security is defined as the condition of the fulfillment of food for the household which is reflected from the availability of adequate food, both quantity and quality, safe, equitable and affordable. Operationally, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia translates food security as an effort to realize the availability, accessibility and stability of food procurement for the society. In general, food security includes 4 aspects, which are sufficiency, access, security, and time. Thus, food security covers various levels ranging from individuals, households, regions and national and various interrelated components of production, availability, distribution and consumption of food that influences the nutritional status of the population (Tarmizi et al., 2016 & 2017). Soekirman (2000) states that the improvement of nutrition for society through the development of food security is one of economic development investments.Until the 1980s many economists and development planning experts, including the World Bank interpreted investment in a narrow sense. Investments in economic development mean investments to build goods and services industries to create jobs. The focus of investment is to build economic infrastructure such as roads, bridges and transportation. Based on the description above, food security is a system consisting of subsystem availability, distribution and consumption. The performance of each subsystem is reflected in the stability of food supply, society’s access to food and food utilization including menu arrangement and family food distribution.

2.4. Irrigation System The irrigation system can be translated as a human effort to modify the distribution of water, contained in natural channels, using artificial buildings and channels to manipulate all or part of water for agricultural crop production (Small and Svendsen, 1995; Sinulingga, 1997). Referring to the definition of irrigation system above, Small and Svendsen (1995) describe three subsystems that exist in the irrigation system, which are: (1) the acquisition subsystem, including the physical and institutional elements related to water catchment from its source; (2) a distribution subsystem, including elements associated with the movement of the water flow from the source to the edge of the plot where the water will be used; and (3) application subsystem, which consists of elements related to the application of water to the soil. Pasandaran (2007) stated that irrigated rice field remains the most important land resource in supporting rice production in Indonesia between 1990 and 2005. The share of irrigated rice harvesting area, for example, increased from 1990 by 66.8 percent to 73.9 percent while the share of production in 2000 was 84.5 percent. During the same period, the government began to rehabilitate a small irrigation network originally built and managed by the farming community, although contributing to the increase in rice production (Haryono 2004) it increases the government's burden on investment and management. In order to support food security, infrastructure development in rural areas should be intensified, especially in areas of agricultural centers, including the development of irrigation networks and the repair of damaged irrigation networks. Farmers and farmer institutions should be empowered through intensive training, counseling and technical assistance. Here, the role of universities and local R & D institutions is very crucial (Tambunan, 2008). Information and studies of damaged network conditions (including channels) are important in the development of irrigation networks. According to Article 1 of Government Regulation No. 20 of 2006, irrigation systems cover irrigation infrastructure, irrigation water, irrigation management, irrigation management institutions, and human resources. In article 2 it is explained that irrigation works to support farm productivity in order to increase agricultural production in the framework of national food security and society welfare, especially farmers, which is realized through the sustainability of irrigation system. The sustainability of the irrigation system as

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 603 [email protected] Sinar Indra Kesuma, Yusak Maryunianta and Iskandar Muda intended is done with the development and management of irrigation systems. Accordingly, the evaluation of the irrigation system in North Sumatera Province should consider the category of irrigation area based on the Decree of the Minister of Public Works No. 390/KPTS/M/2007 on the Status of Irrigation Area whose management becomes the authority and responsibility of the government, the provincial government and the government of regency/city.

3. METHOD 3.1. Type of Research The approach used in solving this research problem is a comprehensive, environmentally and participatory approach. Comprehensiveness because the review approach is comprehensive, involving biophysical studies to socio-economic studies in the form of infrastructure, social institutions, management and arrangement by involving all the main variables of food security. Data analysis begins with qualitative analysis of data collected such as interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), observations or observations, secondary data collection ((Hutagalung et al., 2017; Muda, 2017; Erlina and Muda, 2018; Eriadi et al., 2018; Sari et al., 2018; Muda, & Nurlina, 2018 and Muda & Naibaho, 2018; Dalimunthe et al., 2016; Muda and Dharsuky, 2016; Badaruddin et al., 2017; Achmad et al., 2017; Muda et al., 2017; Nurlina and Muda, 2017; Yahya et al., 2107; Sadalia et al., 2018; Erlina and Muda, 2018 and Muda et al., 2018). The purpose of this analysis is to find a problem so that it can illustrate the phenomenon. The next step will be to emphasize the meaning of the data with qualitative descriptive analysis to be presented which can then be concluded. Based on this, it can be said that in this study, researchers used data analysis in accordance with the theory proposed by Sirojuzilam et al., (2016); Azlina et al., (2017); Sadalia et al., (2017); Dalimunthe et al., (20170 and Muda et al., (2018) which analyzed data with steps such as data condensation (data condensation), presenting data (data display) , and draw conclusions or conclusion (conclusion drawing and verification). an effort to summarize the core, process, and statements that need to be kept in place. At this stage, the data that has been collected is then evaluated, especially in relation to the quality and adequacy of the data. If the data that shows the implementation of Samosir Regency's tourism object development policy and related to community empowerment have been felt good and sufficient, then the data can be used to answer the problem under study (Situmorang et al., 2017; Tarmizi et al., 2017; Marhayanie et al., 2017; Muda et al., 2018; Muda & Hasibuan, 2018; Muda and Hutapea, 2018 & Muda, and Windari, 2018). After doing the abstraction, the data in this study is then simplified and transformed in various ways, such as through strong selection, through summaries or brief descriptions, classifying data in one broader pattern, and others. The presentation of the data is done by outlining in brief, can be in the form of tables (Dalimunthe et al., 2016; Lubis et al., 2016; Handoko et al., 2107; Hasan et al., 2107; Erlina et al., 2107; Situmorang et al., 2018; Muda et al., 2017). Or it can also present through descriptive qualitative methods which only describe the focus of the research by means of description. The presentation of the data is done by outlining in brief, can be in the form of tables. Or it can also present through descriptive qualitative methods which only describe the focus of the research by means of description. After the description process in this research is complete, then the researcher can conclude the data in accordance with the formulation of the problem that has been formulated previously. 3.1.1. Data, Population and Sample Types Data needed in this research include socioeconomic and institutional data which is primary and secondary data. In order to collect primary information or data it is necessary to stipulate a population consisting of all household users of irrigation water users. From each sample

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 604 [email protected] Evaluation of Irrigation System to Support Implementation of Food Security Policy irrigation area, 30 samples consist of 28 water-use farmers and 2 SKPD staff or officials associated with the irrigation system. Sample determination of 30 people was on the grounds that the minimum sample size is sufficient to be analyzed statistically is 30 respondents (Roscoe in Sekaran, 2006). The determination of 28 samples of water-use farmers was conducted randomly and the determination of 2 staffs or officials of relevant SKPD was determined purposively.

3.2. Data Collection Technique The data used to support the implementation of this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data collection will be conducted proportionally according to the number of irrigation areas based on the three categories of management authority i.e., irrigation area (DI) managed by the Central Government, Provincial Government, and Regency/City Government in the regency/city which becomes the sample.

3.3. Data Analysis Method 1. To conduct an evaluation of the irrigation system (infrastructure, institution, management and arrangement) in North Sumatra. Interpretation of each criterion or indicator of irrigation system performance for one irrigation area is based on the total score of all samples (30 respondents) which is as follows:  Total Score of 30 – 53 : bad performance  Total Score of 54 – 77 : fair performance  Total Score of 78 – 101 : average performance  Total Score of 102 – 125: good performance  Total Score of 126 – 150: excellent performance 2. To evaluate the role of irrigation system so far in supporting the food security program in North Sumatera a. Calculating the rough contribution of the irrigation system to food production (Hasan, 2005, Pasandaran, 2007). Calculating the percentage of existing ratio (SI) between the existing production of rice from the irrigation area with the existing population rice consumption of North Sumatra Province with the formula : OI SI = X 100% OI + ON + OD b. Calculating the contribution of the irrigation system to the food consumption of North Sumatra : OI SC = X 100% CP

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4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Evaluation of Irrigation System to Support Food Security Program in North Sumatra 4.1.1. Evaluation of Existing Irrigation System Performance Evaluation of Irrigation Infrastructure (Civil Works) The performance of irrigation infrastructure evaluated in this research used several indicators, which are: perception of the place or container of water, the origin of water, the provision of irrigation water, irrigation water management and irrigation networks. The result of each perception scoring result on each sub indicator is presented as follows: 1). Water Availability by Time The average total perception score of water availability by time in irrigation areas in the sample research area was 109. This means that the water availability by time in each DI studied belongs to good category as it is in the total average range score 102-125. The highest total perception score of water availability by time is found in D.I. Batang Gadis and D.I. Parbarakan with the score of 120 (good category) and the lowest is in D.I. Bandar Sidoras with the score of 90 (average category). 2). Water Availability by Quality The average perception score of water availability by quality in irrigation areas was 108. This means that the availability of water by quality of each D.I. included in good category because it is in the total average range score of 102-125. The highest total perception score of water availability by quality is found in D.I. Batang Gadis, Kerasaan and Parbarakan that is equal to 120 (good category) and the lowest is found in D.I. Bandar Sidoras that is equal to 80 (average category). 3). Arrangement/Distribution and Use of Irrigation Water The average perception score on the regulation/distribution and use of irrigation water in the irrigation areas studied was 90. This means that the regulation/distribution and use of irrigation water fall into the average category because it is in the total average range score of 78-101. The highest total perception score on the regulation/distribution and use of irrigation water is found in D.I. Ujung Gurap which for 118 (good category) and the lowest is in D.I. Bandar Sidoras for 70 (fair category). 4). Number and Quality of Main Building The average perception score on the number and quality of the main building in the irrigation areas studied was 96. This means the number and quality of the main building is included in the average category because it is in the total average range score of 78-101. The highest total perception score on the number and quality of main building is found in D.I. Batang Gadis with the score of 123 (good category) and the lowest one is found on D.I. Panca Arga for 71 and Bandar Sidoras for 74 (fair category). 5). Length and Quality of Trunk The average perception score on the length and quality of the trunk on the irrigation areas studied was 102. This means that the length and quality of the trunk are included in good category as it is in the total average range score of 102-125. The highest total perception score for the length and quality of the trunk is found in D.I. Batang Gadis and Ujung Gurap for 120 (good category) and the lowest is found on D.I. Bandar Sidoras with the score of 76 and Ujung Gurap getting 77 (fair category).

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6). Length of Sewer Average perception score of the length of sewer in irrigation areas studied was 83. This means that the length of the sewer is included in the average category because it is in the total average range score of 78-101. The highest total perception score of sewer length is found in D.I. Batang Gadis is 98 (average category) and the lowest is found in D.I. Panca Arga for 68 and D.I. Parbarakan for 76 (fair category). 7) Number and Quality of Check Structures Average perception score on number and quality of check structure for irrigation areas studied was 77. This means that the number and quality of check structures included in average category o because it is in the total average range score of 54-77. The highest total perception score on the number and quality of the check structures is found in sample D.I. Batang Gadis for 100 (average category) and the lowest is found in D.I. Panombean, Nagahuta, Kerasaan and Panca Arga that is 57, 60, 68 and 75 respectively (fair category). 8). Number and Quality of Diversion Structure Average perception score on the number and quality of diversion structures on irrigation areas studied amounted to 75. This means that the number and quality diversion structures included fair category because it is in the total average range total score of 54-77. The highest total perception score on the number and quality of diversion structure is available on D.I. Batang Gadis that is equal to 95 (average category) and the lowest is found in D.I. Panombean and Nagahuta for 60 (fair category). The addition of diversion structure is needed to maintain the quantity of water debit that is expected to reach the rice fields. 9). Number and Quality of Turnouts Average perception score on the numer and quality of turnouts in irrigation areas studied was 74 whicn then belongs to fair category because it is in the total average range score of 54-77. The highest total perception score on the number and quality of turnouts is found in D.I. Batang Gadis is 98 (average category) and the lowest is found in D.I. Panombean and Nagahuta for 60 (fair category). 10). Number and Quality of Complementary Buildings Average perception score on number and quality of complementary building on irrigation aresas studied was 77 and it was included in fair category because it is in the total average range score of 54-77. The highest total perception score of supplementary building quality is found in D.I. Batang Gadis that is 100 (average category) and that pertained low is found in D.I. Ujung Gurap, Naga Huta and Batu Nadua witg 62, 63 and 66 respectively (fair category). In general, the performance of irrigation infrastructure has the total of 89 or included in the average category because it is in the total average range score of 78-101. If specified then it appears that the best performance component actually occurs in the sub-indicator of water availability by time whose average total score is 109 (good category) and the lowest performance component occurs in the sub indicator of the number and quality of turnouts with an average total score of 74 (fair category). 4.1.2. Evaluation of Irrigantion Management Performance (Soft Component) The evaluation of irrigation management performance (soft component) is conducted using perception of sub-indicators on the quality of irrigation asset management, transparency and effectiveness of budget utilization in irrigation network management, irrigation land conversion, performance of Water-Use Farmers Association (P3A), performance of SKPD, performance of Irrigation Commission of Regency/City, performance of Central Government, performance of Provincial Government, performance of Regency/city Government, society participation in irrigation network management, and cooperation among society components

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 607 [email protected] Sinar Indra Kesuma, Yusak Maryunianta and Iskandar Muda in the management of irrigation networks. The results of evaluation of irrigation management performance (soft component) can be seen in Table 2 below.

Table 2 The result of evaluation of irrigation management performance (soft component) Average No Components Category Score 1 Quality of Asset Management 81 Average 2 Transparency and Effectiveness of Budget Use 76 Fair 3 Land Conversion 93 Average 4 Performance of P3A 97 Average 5 Performance of Relevant SKPD 88 Average 6 Performance of Irrigation Commission 85 Average 7 Performance of Central Government 76 Fair 8 Performance of Provincial Government 76 Fair 9 Performance of Regency/City Government 79 Average 10 Society Participation 108 Good 11 Cooperation among Society Components 100 Good Sources : Data Analysis (2018). In general, if detailed overall, it is seen that the component performance of the irrigation network infrastructure components is on the average of 89 or (average category) with the best one occurring in the sub-indicator of water availability by time whose average total score is 109 (good category) and with lowest performance component occurring at sub indicator of performance of number and quality of turnouts whose average total score is 74 (fair category). While for the performance of irrigation management got the average value of 87 (average category), with the best one occurring at sub-indicators of society participation with a score of 108 (good category) and the lowest one on sub-performance indicators of Central Government, Provincial Government and transparency and effectiveness of budget use with the score of 76 (fair category). 4.1.3. Evaluation of the Role of Irrigation System in Supporting Food Security Program in North Sumatra The role or percentage share of existing irrigation areas in rice production (SI) is the ratio between existing rice production from irrigation areas (OI) and the total of existing rice production consisting of rice production of irrigation area (OI), non irrigation (ON) and field (OD) which can be calculated for each Regency/City and Province of North Sumatra. From the calculation, as in Appendix 8, it is found that the share or role of rice production from irrigation areas in North Sumatra is 64.64% or in other words most of the rice production in North Sumatra is the contribution of the irrigation area. This indicates that the contribution of irrigation infrastructure and facilities to food security in North Sumatra today is still below the national level which reached 84 percent. Based on the regency/city in North Sumatera, the share of each region in rice production in North Sumatra varies greatly. Toba Samosir regency and are the regions with the highest irrigation contribution to rice production compared to other areas in North Sumatra, reaching 93.50% and 90.77% respectively. In contrast, Labuhan Batu and Labuhan Batu Utara are the regions with the lowest contribution compared to other regencies/cities, which are only 2.42% and 3.39%, respectively. The low contribution of irrigation to rice production in Labuhan Batu and Labuhan Batu Utara Regency is caused by the conversion of agricultural land into palm oil plantation which is quite fast in recent times around the area. The share of irrigation system for the fulfillment of rice consumption in North Sumatera is relatively high reaching 85.16%. However, when viewed in detail in the context of regency/city, there are some areas having a low share like, Medan, Tanjung Balai, Labuhan Batu, Labuhan Batu Selatan and Labuhan

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Batu Utara, respectively around 0.84%; 2.07%; 3.19%; 4.03% and 4.40%. On the other hand, there are some areas with more than 200% share, like: Toba Samosir, Serdang Bedagai, Simalungun and Tapanuli Selatan respectively 331.94%; 261.71%; 237.66% and 217.17%. The irrigation system is an aspect to support the lives of people who choose rice commodities as a staple food for their daily lives. Therefore, in the irrigation system there is always a combination of various factors, namely physical factors (artifacts), social factors of society, and technology factors of water and planting arrangements; ultimately those factors are strongly influenced by the capacity of local societies as user subjects and managers in treating the existing irrigation system. Such understanding will guide us to build understanding that efforts to improve the effectiveness of development and management of irrigation systems must be based on the above factors. Similarly, in discussing the role sharing in the development and management of participatory irrigation systems, all parties need to build a common understanding that the division of roles should always be directed towards empowering society capacity in the form of such an empowerment that directly increases the effectiveness of development and management of irrigation system. The irrigation system as a unity of various components concerning efforts to supply, share, manage and regulate water in order to increase agricultural production in North Sumatra in the future requires a variety of improvement efforts for the sustainability of irrigation facilities and their existing assets so that management can be done optimally. To improve efficiency, it is necessary to improve the irrigation management system at all levels, not only at the level of acquisition, distribution, or drainage, but also at the farm level. All of these require simultaneous improvements in technical aspects of irrigation and farming, improvement of financing capacity, and improvement of institutional system in irrigation management.

5. CONCLUSIONS  Irrigation infrastructure performance included in average category with best performance component is found in sub indicator of water availability by time, and the lowest performance component is on sub indicator of number and quality of turnouts.  The performance of irrigation management is in average category, with the best component found in the sub indicators of society participation which is good category and the lowest one is in the sub-indicators of the performance of the Central Government, Provincial Government and the transparency and effectiveness of budget use with fair category.  The evaluation of the role of irrigation system in supporting food security in North Sumatra is found that the share or role of irrigation to rice production in North Sumatera is 64.64% or in other words, most of rice production in North Sumatera is the contribution from irrigation area with Toba Samosir Regency having the highest share or contribution of irrigation to the rice production reaching 93.51% and Labuhan Batu Regency is area which has the lowest share that is only about 2.42%.

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Rambah Subdistrict, Rokan Hulu District). Thesis Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Pasir Pangaraian University. [4] Ariani, M. (2003).The Dynamics of Household Rice Consumption and its Relation to Diversification of Food Consumption. In Kasryno, F, E. Pasandaran, and A.M. Fagi (eds) Indonesian Rice and Rice Economy. Thesis. Agricultural Research and Development Agency. Jakarta. 541–558. [5] Azlina, N. A.Hasan, Desmiyawati & Muda, I. (2017). The Effectiveness of Village Fund Management. International Journal of Economic Research. 14(12). 325-336. [6] Badaruddin; Revida, E; Ermansyah & Muda, I. (2017). Village Governance With Implementation of Law Number 6 of 2014 On The Village and Village Administration. International Journal of Economic Research.14(16).350-363. [7] Brown, L. (2005). Outgrowing the Earth: The Food Security Challenge is the Age of Falling Water Table and Rising Temperature. W.W. Norton and CO, NY. Earth Policy Institute. [8] Dalimunthe, D.M.J.,and Muda, I.(2017).The Empirical Effect of Education and Training to The Performance of Employees. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research. 15(24). 5423-5437. [9] Dalimunthe, D.M.J.,Fadli, and Muda, I. (2016). The application of performance measurement system model using Malcolm Baldrige Model (MBM) to support Civil State Apparatus Law (ASN) number 5 of 2014 in Indonesia. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research. 14(11). 7397-7407. [10] Eriadi, Muda, I, and S.Abdullah, (2018). Determinant Analysis of the Quality of Local Government Financial Statements in North Sumatra with the Effectiveness of Management of Regional Property as a Mediator, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(5). 1334–1346. [11] Erlina and Muda, I, (2018). Determinants of The Implementation Of Risk-Based Internal Auditing. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(5).1360 - 1372. [12] Erlina and Muda, I, (2018). The Effect of Self Efficacy and Professional Development on the Work Quality of Internal Auditor, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 9(5).1292–1304. [13] Erlina, A.Saputra & Muda, I. (2017).Antecedents of Budget Quality Empirical Evidence from Provincial Government In Indonesia. International Journal of Economic Research. 14(12). 301-312. [14] Erlina. A.Saputra & Muda, I. (2017). The Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Budget Absorption. International Journal of Economic Research. 14(12). 287-300. [15] Erwin, K., Abubakar, E., Muda, I. (2018). The relationship of lending, funding, capital, human resource, asset liability management to non-financial sustainability of rural banks (BPRs) in Indonesia. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, Volume XIII, Spring 2(56). 520 – 542. [16] Ferine, K.F; Ermiaty, C. & Muda, I. (2017). The Impact of Entrepreneurship And Competence On Small Medium Enterprises Tangan Di Atas Medan Entrepreneurs’ Work Performance. International Journal of Economic Research. 14(16). 380-393. [17] Firman, T. (2004). Major Issues in Indonesia's Urban Land Development. Land Use Policy. 21.347–355. [18] Gusnardi, Riadi, R.M., and Muda, I. (2016). Competency mapping and analysis of students competency based on economics subject national examination and its alternative solutions. International Journal of Economic Research. 3(5).2133-2148. [19] Handoko, B. Sunaryo & Muda, I. (2017). Difference Analysis of Consumer Perception of Motorcycle Product Quality. International Journal of Economic Research. 14(12). 363- 379.

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[20] Haryono, Dwi, (2004). Impact of Irrigation Network Development on Production, Revenue and Income Distribution. Science Philosophy Paper, Bogor Agricultural University. Bogor. [21] Hasan, A, Gusnardi & Muda, I. (2017). Analysis of Taxpayers and Understanding Awareness Increase in Compliance with Taxpayers Individual Taxpayers. International Journal of Economic Research. 14(12). 75-90. [22] Hasan, M., (2005). Build Irrigation Support Food Security. Water Magazine, Directorate General of Water Resources. Public Works Department. Jakarta. [23] Hutagalung, B.; Dalimunthe, D.M.J, R., Pambudi, A.Q. Hutagalung & Muda, I. (2017). The Effect of Enterpreneurship Education and Family Environment Towards Students’ Entrepreneurial Motivation. International Journal of Economic Research. 14(20). 331- 348. [24] Irawan, B. (2004). Rice Field Conversion in Java and Its Impact on Rice Production. In Kasryno, F., E. Pasandaran, and A.M. Fagi (ed). Indonesian Rice and Rice Economy. Agricultural Research and Development Agency. 295 - 325. [25] Kuntara, W. (2011). Evaluation of Efficiency and Effectiveness of Irrigation Networks in the Context of Increasing Agricultural Production in Namu Sira-Sira. Thesis. Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of North Sumatra, Medan. [26] Lubis, A., Rustam and Muda, I. (2016). Factors Affecting The Cost of Agency of Village Owned Enterprise (BUMDES) in Indonesia. International Journal of Economic Research.14(16). 334-348. [27] Lubis, A.,Torong, Z.B., and Muda, I. (2016). The urgency of implementing balanced scorecard system on local government in North Sumatra, Indonesia. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research. 14(11). 7575-7590. [28] Lubis, A.F.,Lubis,T.A.and Muda, I. (2016). The role of Enterprise Resource Plan (ERP) configuration to the timeliness of the financial statement presentation. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research. 14(11).7591-7608. [29] Lutfi, M.,Nazwar, C., and Muda, I (2016). Effects of investment opportunity set, company size and real activity manipulation of issuers in Indonesia Stock Exchange on stock price in Indonesia. International Journal of Economic Research. 13(5). 2149-2161. [30] Marhayanie, M. Ismail and Muda, I, (2017). Impact of The Online Car Rental Service Order System on Sales Turnover with Financial Literacy Customer as Intervening Variables. International Journal of Economic Perspectives. 14(16). 317-332. [31] Muda, I & A.Dharsuky. (2015). Impact of Region Financial Information System Quality, Role Ambiguity And Training on Precision of Financial Statement of Local Government Presentation. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 13(6). 4283-4304. [32] Muda, I and A. A. F. Hutapea. (2018). Influence of capital expenditure and income original region to the income per capita in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2018. 126 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012065. [33] Muda, I and A.Dharsuky, (2016). Impact of Capital Investments and Cash Dividend Policy on Regional Development Bank PT. Bank Sumut to the District Own Source Revenue and Economic Growth. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 14(11). 7863-7880. [34] Muda, I, and Erlina, (2018). Performance Appraisal of Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus in Implementation of Compliance Audit, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 9(5). 1347–1359. [35] Muda, I, D.Y.Wardani, Erlina, A.Maksum, A. F.Lubis & R. Bukit. (2017). The Influence of Human Resources Competency & The Use of Information Technology on The Quality of Local Government Financial Report with Regional Accounting System as an Intervening. Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology. 95(19). 1432- 1451.

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[36] Muda, I, Dharsuky. A., Siregar, H.S., & Sadalia, I. (2017). Combined loading and Cross- dimensional loadings timeliness of presentation of financial statements of local government. IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering. 180. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/180/1/012099. [37] Muda, I, Erlina, I.Yahya and A.A.Nasution, (2018). Performance Audit and Balanced Scorecard Perspective, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 9(5). 1321–1333. [38] Muda, I, F Roosmawati, H S Siregar, Ramli, H.Manurung & T.Banuas. (2018). Performance Measurement Analysis of Palm Cooperative Cooperation with Using Balanced Scorecard. IOP Conference Series. 288. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/288/1/012081. [39] Muda, I, M. Ismail & Marhayanie. (2017). Impact Allocation Capital Expenditure on The Improvement of the Local Government Assets and Effect on Local Revenue Sustainability. International Journal of Economic Perspectives. 11(2). 151-164. [40] Muda, I, M.Sihombing, E.Jumilawati and A. Dharsuky. (2016). Critical Success Factors Downstream Palm Oil Based Small And Medium Enterprises. International Journal of Economic Research. 13(8). 3531-3538. [41] Muda, I, M.Sihombing, E.Jumilawati and A.Dharsuky. (2017). Factors Affecting The Success of Local Innovation Systems With Government Programs As Moderators. International Journal of Economic Research.14(16). 272-289. [42] Muda, I, Rahmanta, Marhayanie and A.S Putra. (2018). Institutional Fishermen Economic Development Models and Banking Support in the Development of the Innovation System of Fisheries and Marine Area in North Sumatera. IOP Conference Series:Materials Science and Engineering. 288. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/288/1/012082. [43] Muda, I, Rahmanta, S. Adi and Marhayanie. (2017). The Role of Working Capital, Productivity, Applied Technology and Selling Market Prices on Fisherman’s Revenues. International Journal of Economic Research. 14(16). 291-302. [44] Muda, I,, H S Siregar, S A Sembiring, Ramli, H.Manurung and Z.Zein. (2018). Economic Value of Palm Plantation in North Sumatera and Contribution to Product Domestic Regional Bruto. IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering. 288. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/288/1/012080. [45] Muda, I., & R.Naibaho (2018). Variables influencing allocation of capital expenditure in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 126. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012066. [46] Muda, I., & A. N. Hasibuan. (2018). Public Discovery of the Concept of Time Value of Money with Economic Value of Time. Emerald Reach Proceedings Series. 1.255–261. DOI 10.1108/978-1-78756-793-1-00050. [47] Muda, I., & Nurlina. (2018). Influence of Manufacture of Textiles, Clothing and Leather and Manufacture of Paper, Printing and Publishing to The Economic Growth. Emerald Reach Proceedings Series. 1. 105–111. DOI 10.1108/978-1-78756-793-1-00048. [48] Muda, I., (2017). The Effect of Allocation of Dividend of the Regional Government- Owned Enterprises and the Empowerment Efforts on the Revenue of Regional Government: The Case of Indonesia. European Research Studies Journal. XX(3A). 223- 246. [49] Muda, I., (2017). The Effect of Supervisory Board Cross-Membership and Supervisory Board Members' Expertise to The Disclosure of Supervisory Board’s Report : Empirical Evidence From Indonesia. European Research Studies Journal. XX(3A). 702-716. [50] Muda, I., and A. H. Harahap, Erlina, S.Ginting, A. Maksum & E.Abubakar (2018). Factors of quality of financial report of local government in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 126 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012067. [51] Muda, I., and Windari. (2018). Dimension of an Islamic Model Value on the Existence of Syariah Waltmart. Emerald Reach Proceedings Series. 1. 321–326. DOI 10.1108/978-1- 78756-793-1-00051.

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[52] Muda, I., Panjaitan, S.R, Erlina, S. Ginting, A. Maksum and E. Abubakar. (2018). Model application of Murabahah financing acknowledgement statement of Sharia accounting standard No 59 Year 2002. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 126 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012071. [53] Muda, I., Sidauruk, S.H., Siregar, H.S., Nurzaimah. (2018). The effect of corporate social responsibility on company’s value with common effects model, fixed effects model and random effects model approaches. QualityAccess to Success. 19(165). 79-90. [54] Muda, I; M. Weldi; Siregar, H.S, & Indra,N. (2018). The Analysis of Effects of Good Corporate Governance on Earnings Management in Indonesia with Panel Data Approach. Iranian Economic Review. 21(4). 657-669. [55] Nasir, A.Y.M.Basri, Kamaliah & Muda, I. (2017).Effectiveness of Potential Tax Region as the Real Local Revenue Sources.International Journal of Economic Research. 14(12).313-324. [56] Nurlina & Muda, I. (2017). The Analysis of The Effects of Capital Expenditure and Human Development Index on Economic Growth and Poverty. International Journal of Economic Research. 14(16). 395-409. [57] Nurzaimah, Rasdianto &Muda, I. (2016). The skills and understanding of rural enterprise management of the preparation of financial statements using Financial Accounting Standards financial statement on the Entities without Public Accountability framework on the implementation of village administration law. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research.14(11).7417-7429. [58] Pasandaran E, P. Simatupang, A.M. Fagi. (2005). Perspective of Rice Production in Indonesia in Sumarno, Suparyono, A.M. Fagi, and Made Oka Adnyana (eds) Rice Industry, Culture, and Environment. Proc. The International Rice Conference 2005, Tabanan Bali, Indonesia, IARRD. 55 - 64. [59] Pasandaran, E. (2007). Irrigation Infrastructure Management in the Framework of National Food Security. Agricultural Policy Analysis. 5(2). 126-149. [60] Pohan.,N., Badaruddin., R.F Dalimunthe., A. Purwoko., & Muda, I., (2018). The Effects of Human Resource Development and Institutional Arrangements on Performance, Service Quality and Area Development. QualityAccess to Success. 19(163).94-102. [61] Prabowo, Hermas E. (2007). Food security. Energy fight with food. Kompas, Binoculars, Thursday, November 8, page 33. [62] Rachman,B.(1999). Institutional Analysis of Water Management Networks in Increasing Efficiency and Optimization of Allocation of Irrigation Water Distribution in the IP Rice Development Area 300, West Java. PPS-IPB. [63] Republic of Indonesia (2007). Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 31 / PRT / M / 2007 concerning Guidelines Regarding the Irigas Commission. Jakarta. [64] Republic of Indonesia (2016). Indonesian Government Regulation Number 20 of 2006 concerning Irrigation. Jakarta. [65] Republic of Indonesia. (2012). Law Number 18 of 2012 concerning Food. Jakarta. [66] Rita, T. Lopa and Farouk Maricar, (2013). Study of the Process of Strengthening Environmental Management of Irrigation Institutions. Civil Engineering National Conference 7 Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta October 24-26 2013. [67] Sadalia, Isfenti, M. H. Kautsar, N. Irawati and I, Muda. (2018). Analysis of the efficiency performance of Sharia and conventional banks using stochastic frontier analysis. Banks and Bank Systems, 13(2), 27-38. doi: 10.21511/bbs.13(2).2018.03 [68] Sadalia, Isfenti. N.A.B.Rahamani & Muda, I. (2017). The Significance of Internet Based Financial Information Disclosure on Corporates’ Shares. International Journal of Economic Research.14(12). 337-346. [69] Samhadi, Sri Hartati. (2007). Climate Change, Endangered Food Security, Kompas, Focus on Global Warming, Saturday, December 1, page 37.

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[70] Sari, Maya; A.F. Lubis; A.Maksum; P.Lumbanraja & I. Muda. (2018). The Influence of Organization’s Culture and Internal Control to Corporate Governance and Its Impact on State-Owned Enterprises Corporate Performance, Journal of Applied Economic Sciences. 4(58). 562–575. [71] Sihombing, M, Muda, I, E.Jumilawati & A.Dharsuky. (2017). Factors Affecting The Success of Local Innovation Systems with Government Programs As Moderators. International Journal of Economic Research. 14(21). 272-289. [72] Sinulingga, N. Malem. (1995). Irrigation Water Efficiency Regarding Water Management and Planting Patterns. Paper in the Water Saving National Workshop, Bandung 27-29 June 1995. [73] Sirojuzilam, Hakim, S., and Muda, I. (2016). Identification of factors of failure of Barisan Mountains Agropolitan area development.International Journal of Economic Research. 13(5). 2163-2175. [74] Sirojuzilam, Hakim, S., and Muda, I. (2017). Effect of Private Collaborative as a Moderation of Success of Agropolitan Program. International Journal of Economic Research. 14(16). 304-315. [75] Situmorang, S.H, E.S Rini & Muda, I. (2017). Customer Experience, Net Emotional Value and Net Promoter Score on Muslim Middle Class Women . International Journal of Economic Research. 14(20). 269-283. [76] Sudaryanto, T., P. Simatupang, B. Irawan, and D.Ketut. (2002). Medium and Long Term Prospect of Supply and Demand in Indonesia. In Sombilla, M., M. Hossain, and B. Hardy (eds). Development in the Asian Rice Economy. 97 - 125. [77] Sumaryanto, (2006). Operational Performance Evaluation and Irrigation Network Maintenance and Repair Efforts. T.A. Research Results Seminar Paper 2006. Center for Agricultural Socio Economic and Policy Analysis, Agricultural Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. [78] Suroso, (2007). Performance Evaluation of Banjaran Irrigation Networks to Improve the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Irrigation Water Management. UNSOED Purwokerto Faculty of Civil Engineering. Journal of Dynamics CIVIL ENGINEERING. 7(1). 55-62. [79] Syahyunan, Muda, I, Siregar, H.S, Sadalia, I. & Chandra, G. (2017). The Effect of Learner Index and Income Diversification on The General Bank Stability. Banks and Bank Systems. 12(4). 171-184. [80] Syaifuddin, (2013). Performance Evaluation of Wawotobi Irrigation Area, Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Master of Civil Engineering Rehabilitation and Building Maintenance Study Program, Postgraduate School of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Thesis. Master of Civil Engineering, Sebelas Maret University. [81] Tambunan, T. (2008). Food Security in Indonesia, Core Problems and Alternative Solutions. Paper at the ISEI Congress in Mataram in 2008. [82] Tarmizi, H.B.,Daulay, M and Muda, I. (2016). The influence of population growth, economic growth and construction cost index on the local revenue of tax on acquisition of land and building after the implementation of law no. 28 of 2009. International Journal of Economic Research. 13(5).2285-2295. [83] Tarmizi, HB., Daulay, M., and Muda, I. (2017). Impact of The Economic Growth and Acquisition of Land to The Construction Cost Index.IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering. 180. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/180/1/012004. [84] Yahya, I, Torong, Z.B., and Muda, I. (2017). Influence Behavior in Legislature Budget Development of Regions. International Journal of Economic Research. 14(8). 147-159.

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