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The Relationship Of Hygine Sanitation, Sanitation Facilities and Exchanger Actions With Fly Density Levels in Dining House in Meulaboh City

1Ihsan Murdani, 2Zakiyuddin, 3Jun Musnadi, 4Muhammad Iqbal Fahlevi, 5Maiza Duana 1 Public Health Faculty, Teuku Umar University, Meulaboh, Indonesia 2 Public Health Faculty, Teuku Umar University, Meulaboh, Indonesia 3 Public Health Faculty, Teuku Umar University, Meulaboh, Indonesia 4 Public Health Faculty, Teuku Umar University, Meulaboh, Indonesia 5 Public Health Faculty, Teuku Umar University, Meulaboh, Indonesia Coresponding author: Ihsan Murdani, Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFORMATION

It is known that the number of restaurants in the city of Meulaboh there Submitted: 10/11/2020 are 66 restaurants. After observing the eating houses in the town of Revised: 19/11/2020 Meulaboh, can be in the know that sanitation eat less qualified home Accepted: 28/11/2020 health such as ownership of the means of waste disposal, garbage Published Online: 30/11/2020 disposal facilities, hand-washing facilities, washing facilities appliance. Keywords: The purpose of this study is the relationship Sanitatl : ion Hygiene, sanitation facilities, and action handlers Density With Flies On Eating In Flies Density the city of Meulaboh. This research is an analytic method with cross Handling Actions sectional design. This research was conducted in the city of Meulaboh Sanitary Hygiene implemented Johan Pahlawan sub-district of West Aceh on 7 November Sanitation Facilities to 5 December 2016, with a population of 66 homeowners and their eating of food handlers, the sampling technique is used total sampling method and analyzed by univariate and bivariate using chi-test square. The results showed that there is significant correlation between sanitation hygiene factors (P.Value = 0.006 <α = 0.05), sanitary facilities (P.Value = 0.025 <α = 0.05), action handlers (P.Value = 0.026 <α = 0.05 ) with the density of flies in the restaurant in the city of Meulaboh. It was concluded that there is significant correlation between the factors of hygiene sanitation, sanitation facilities, action handlers with the density of flies in the restaurant in the city of Meulaboh. with the density of flies in the restaurant in the city of Meulaboh to achieve a state of healthy foods that are not exposed to flies and protected from various diseases caused by flies.

How to cite this article: Murdani, I., Zakiyuddin., Musnadi, J., Fahlevi, M. I., Duana, M. (2020). The Relationship of Hygine Sanitation, Sanitation Facilities and Exchanger Actions with Fly Density Levels in Dining House in Meulaboh City. JNS : Journal of Nutrition Science, 1(2)

Introduction chemical and functional properties. With Food is a material that enables humans advances in science and technology in the field to grow and develop and be able to move and of food, various types of food can be made maintain their body condition. For this reason, more durable, more attractive, safer, tastier foodstuffs or what we usually call food need to and more practical for consumers (Nur'an, pay attention to the type and quality so that 2013). they are safe for consumption. Food is Based on preliminary data from the generally composed of water, protein, profile of the West Aceh Health Office, the carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, fiber and number of diarrhea sufferers in West Aceh 2013 minerals. These components play an important was 537 cases, in 2014 there were 572 cases of role in giving character to food both physical, diarrhea sufferers.

Vol. 1, No. 2, November, 2020 JNS: Journal of Nutrition Science doi: https://doi.org/10.35308/jns.v1i2.2766 P- ISSN : 2723-2867, E-ISSN : 2723-2875

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Based on the preliminary data collection about the dangers that will be caused by the that researchers have obtained at the Johan poor quality of the sanitation facilities provided Pahlawan Health Center, the number of at each restaurant. diarrhea sufferers in 2014 was 540 cases, of There are 66 restaurants in Meulaboh city. which 290 male sufferers and 250 female After conducting observations at restaurants in sufferers. In 2015 there were 785 cases, of the city of Meulaboh, it can be seen that the which 426 male cases and 359 female environmental sanitation of the restaurant does sufferers. Meanwhile, in 2016 there were 63 not meet health requirements such as ownership cases in January, 80 cases in February, 43 of waste disposal facilities, waste disposal cases in March, 59 cases in April and 71 cases facilities that are not closed and placed beside a in June. Meanwhile, the number of restaurants shelf, hand washing facilities where soap is not in the city of Meulaboh according to Johan available and even using a basin. as a place for Pahlawan Health Center is 66, 23 (34.8%) washing hands, a means of washing tools that restaurants that meet the requirements and 43 do not use running water. With the quality of (65.2%) restaurants that do not meet the sanitation facilities like this, there are many requirements. (Puskesmas, 2015) complaints raised by buyers and local residents, The hygiene of the restaurant is still low including the smell caused by poorly managed in terms of its location close to the main road, garbage, lots of flies due to the provision of automatically there is a lot of dust and pollution inappropriate trash cans, namely in restaurants that can be directly related to the restaurant. only trash bins are not equipped. with the lid, The facilities and facilities at the restaurant are there is no provision for washing hands still lacking, there is no sink for food handlers. equipped with soap for visitors to the Food handlers are still less aware of doing PHBS restaurant. (Clean and Healthy Living Behavior). If environmental factors are not healthy because Restaurants they are contaminated with germs and According to the Decree of the Minister accumulate with unhealthy human behavior, of Tourism, Post and Telecommunications then diarrhea transmission can easily occur. No.KN.73 / PVV105 / MPPT-85 concerning (Fitri, 2013). Good hygiene and sanitation are Restaurant Business Regulations, in this important factors in preventing diseases caused regulation what is meant by the food service by a bad environment, such as diarrhea business is a business that provides (Yarmaliza, 2018). commercially managed food and beverage Based on the results of preliminary services. observations, the fact that the problem in restaurants in the city of Meulaboh is sanitation Definition of Food Hygiene and Sanitation facilities in the form of food cabinets that are Hygiene and sanitation is an action or displayed in restaurants and most of them are effort to improve hygiene and health through not closed. Even if there is, the cover is only a early maintenance of each individual and thin curtain used cloth that is rarely closed, environmental factors that influence it, so that especially when guests are busy. Because of individuals avoid the threat of disease-causing this, some flies can easily contaminate the germs (MOH, 1994). peddled food. With the increasing demand for food provided outside their homes or boarding Food Handlers houses, the products provided by restaurants Food handlers are personnel who are located in the city of Meulaboh are very directly related to food and beverages and their important. The restaurant is one of the places equipment from the stages of preparation, frequently visited by office workers, workers processing, packaging, transportation to around the restaurant, and employees around presentation (Decree of the Minister of Health the city of Meulaboh, even ordinary people who RI No.715 / Menkes / SK / V / 2003). 2.3 Flies like to eat outside the home because they think Flies are mechanical vectors, namely it is more practical. A restaurant that operates flies act as passive transfer devices with the in the business of providing food must be understanding that pathogenic microorganisms guaranteed health and safety. do not undergo any changes in the body of the This can be realized if it is supported by fly, but only stick to the fly's body such as on the high level of knowledge of food handlers

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RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Available at http://jurnal.utu.ac.id/JNS/article/view/2766 the wings, legs, other body parts, vomit and faeces (Widyati and Yuliarsih, 2002). Based on Table 4.4, it can be seen that Currently there are around ± 60,000- respondents with poor sanitation hygiene were 100,000 species of flies, but not all species 37 need to be monitored because some of them respondents (56.1%). Meanwhile, respondents are not dangerous to public health (Santi, with good sanitation hygiene were 29 2001). respondents (43.9%). The results of frequency and percentage Types and Research Design calculations based on sanitation facilities can be This type of research is analytical seen in Table 2 below: research, namely research that explains the relationship between variables. The method Table 2. Frequency Distribution Based on used is cross sectional. Cross sectional Sanitation Facilities with Flies Density research is a study to study the dynamics of Levels in Restaurants in Meulaboh City the correlation between risk factors and Sanitation f % effects, by approaching, observing or collecting Facilities data at once (point time approach) Qualify 19 28,8 (Notoadmodjo, 2010). Not eligible 47 71,2 Location and Time of Research Total 66 100 This research was conducted in the city Source: Primary Data of Meulaboh, Johan Pahlawan District, West

Aceh Regency on November 7 - December 29, Based on Table 2, it can be seen that the 2016. respondents whose sanitation facilities did not

meet the requirements were 47 respondents Population and Sample (71.2%). Meanwhile, 19 respondents (28.8%) Population met the requirements of sanitation facilities. Population is the whole object under study (Notoatmodjo, 2010). The population in The results of the calculation of the this study were 66 restaurant owners and food frequency and percentage based on the actions handlers in the city of Meulaboh, Johan of the handlers can be seen in Table 3 below: Pahlawan District, West Aceh Regency in 2016.

Table 3. Frequency Distribution Based on Sample Handling Actions with Density Levels of According to Arikunto (2006), if the Flies in Restaurants in Meulaboh City total population is less than 100, the sample Handler's f % taken is the whole population because the Actions larger the sample is taken, the better the There is 22 33,3 research results. So the technique used is to use the total sampling method, which is taking There is no 44 66,7 the entire population to be sampled, namely all Total 66 100 food traders in the city of Meulaboh, Johan Source: Primary Data Pahlawan subdistrict, namely 66 houses, it can be seen in Table 1 below: Based on Table 3, it can be seen that the The results of the calculation of frequency respondents who did not have a touch of action and percentage based on hygiene were 44 respondents (66.7%). while sanitation respondents who had the act of being a touch Table 1. Frequency Distribution Based on were 22 respondents (33.3%). Sanitary Hygiene with Density Levels of The results of calculating the frequency Flies in Restaurants in Meulaboh City and percentage based on the level of fly density Hygiene Sanitation f % can be seen in Table 4 below: Good 29 43,9 Not good 37 56,1 Table 4. Frequency Distribution Based on Flies Density Levels in Restaurants in Total 66 100 Meulaboh City Source: Primary Data

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Available at http://jurnal.utu.ac.id/JNS/article/view/2766

Density Table 6 Sanitation Facility Factors related f % Flies to Flies Density Levels in Restaurants in Low 19 28,8 Meulaboh City Moderate 20 30,3 Sanit Fly Density Level ation Total P.Val Solid 27 40,9 Low Moder Solid Facili ue Total 66 100 ate Source: Primary Data ties n % n % n % f % Based on Table 4, it can be seen that Qualif 1 52 4 21 5 26 1 1 0,0 respondents with a solid fly density level were y 0 ,6 ,1 ,3 9 0 25 27 respondents (40.9%), respondents with 0 moderate fly density levels were 20 Not 9 19 1 34 2 46 4 1 respondents (30.3%), and respondents with eligibl ,1 6 ,0 2 ,8 7 0 light fly density levels were 19 respondents e 0 (28.8%) Source: Primary Data Relationship between Sanitation Hygiene Factors and Flies Density Levels Table 6 above can be seen that out of a total of 19 respondents who have good Tabel 5 Sanitation Hygiene Factors related sanitation facilities, most of the respondents to Flies Density Levels in Restaurants in with the density level of flies meet the Meulaboh City requirements of 10 (52.6%), and of a total of 47 respondents, sanitation facilities do not meet the Hygi Fly Density Level P. requirements of most respondents density level ene Modera Total Low Solid Val There were 16 (34.0%) medium flies, while the Sanit te ue respondents with the density level of solid flies ation n % n % n % f % were 22 (46.8%). So it can be concluded that 48 17 34 10 Good 14 5 10 29 there is a significant relationship between ,3 ,2 ,5 0 0,0 sanitation facilities and the level of fly density. Not 13 40 45 10 25 5 15 17 37 Based on this, according to the results of good ,5 ,5 ,9 0 statistical tests, the value of P. value = 0.025 Source: Primary Data and this is less than α = 0.05 (P. value = 0.025 <α = 0.05) so that it is described that there is a Table 5 above can be seen that from a significant relationship between sanitation total of 29 respondents who had good facilities and density. flies in restaurants in sanitation hygiene, most of the respondents Meulaboh City. had a good fly density level of 14 (48.3%), and The Relationship between Handling from a total of 37 respondents with poor Action Factors and Flies Density Level sanitation hygiene, most of the respondents had moderate fly density levels as much as 15 Table 7 Handler's Action Factors related to (40.5%), while the respondent's density level of the density level of flies in restaurants in solid flies was 17 (45.9%). So it can be Meulaboh City concluded that there is a significant relationship Handl Fly Density Level between hygiene sanitation and the level of fly er's Light Moder Solid Total P.Val density. Actio ate ue Based on this, according to the results of ns statistical tests, the value of P. value = 0.006 n % n % n % f % and this is smaller than α = 0.05 (P. value = There 1 50 5 22 6 27 2 1 0,0 0.006 <α = 0.05) so that there is a significant is 1 ,0 ,7 ,3 2 0 26 relationship between hygiene sanitation and 0 density. flies in restaurants in Meulaboh City. There 8 18 1 34 2 47 4 1 is no ,2 5 ,1 1 ,7 4 0 Relationship between Sanitation Facility 0 Factors and Flies Density Levels Source: Primary Data

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Table 7 above can be seen that from a Relationship between Sanitation Facility total of 22 respondents who have handcuff Factors and Flies Density Levels in actions, most of the respondents have 11 Restaurants in Meulaboh City (50.0%) of the fly density level, and out of a Based on the results of the research total of 44 respondents, there are no most conducted by the researchers, the respondents of respondents with moderate fly density as much sanitation facilities met the requirements and the as 15 (34.1%), while respondents with the density level of light flies because the restaurant density level of solid flies were 21 (47.7%). So already had good and complete sanitation it can be concluded that there is a significant facilities, while the respondents of sanitation relationship between handler actions and the facilities did not have and were having moderate density of flies. levels of fly density because the restaurant had Based on this, in accordance with the provided a washing place running water, washing results of statistical tests, the value of P. value hands that use faucets and heavy respondents = 0.026 and this is smaller than α = 0.05 (P. because the restaurant does not have good value = 0.026 <α = 0.05) so that it is sanitation facilities such as a kitchen that is not described that there is a significant relationship yet proper and does not have a place and hand between the handlers' actions and the level of soap for customers. density. flies in restaurants in Meulaboh City. This study is in line with Julhija's research (2015) where there is a relationship between Discussion sanitation facilities and the level of fly density in Relationship between Sanitation Hygiene the high school canteen (SMA) with a value of α = Factors and Flies Density Levels in 0.000 in Perbaungan District in 2013. This Restaurants in Meulaboh City research is also in line with Prasetya's research Based on the results of the research (2012) where there is a relationship sanitation conducted by the researchers, the respondents facilities in restaurants in the Gorontalo area with of good sanitation hygiene and the level of light a value of α = 0,000 fly density because the restaurant already has Relationship between Handling Action good sanitation hygiene, while the respondents Factors and Flies Density Levels in of sanitation hygiene are not good and the level Restaurants in Meulaboh City of fly density is because the restaurant has Based on the results of the research provided clean water even though it is still do conducted by the researchers, the respondents of not have a good waste management place and sanitation facilities met the requirements and the the respondent is heavy with the density level of density level of light flies because the restaurant flies because the restaurant does not have good already had good and complete sanitation fly sanitation hygiene such as still poor water facilities, while the respondents of sanitation facilities, the location is still very close to the facilities did not have and were having moderate landfill. levels of fly density because the restaurant had Good environmental hygiene is an provided a washing place running water, washing important thing in life to stay healthy, so that hands that use faucets and heavy respondents you can avoid various diseases due to because the restaurant does not have good infections caused by an unsanitary environment sanitation facilities such as a kitchen that is not (Yarmaliza, Farisni, & Fitriani, 2019). Then the yet proper and does not have a place and hand density of flies that is dense is on National soap for customers. Street, Imam Bonjol Street and on Jalan Daud This study is in line with Sari's (2012) Dariah. research that there is a relationship between This study is in line with the research of handler actions and food management with a Kuswanti, F (2013) where there is a relationship value of α = 0.000 in Rantau Utara District, between hygiene sanitation and the incidence of Labuhan Batu Regency. diarrhea at PT. X in Karanganyar with a value of α = 0.039. This research is also in line with the Conclusion research of Sembiring, et, al (2013) where there 1. There is a significant relationship between is a relationship between hygiene sanitation, hygiene sanitation and the level of fly density food management and fly density in the at restaurants in Meulaboh City as evidenced traditional market of Pematangsiantar horas by the value (Pvalue = 0.006 <α = 0.05). market. 2. There is a significant relationship between sanitation facilities and the level of fly density

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