Animal Behavior

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Animal Behavior Biology 17 Why Study Animal Behavior??? Animal Behavior History Prehistoric Times • Cave Drawings 40000 BC Ancient Greek Period • Greek Writing • 1700 BC - Head injury and brain function • 340 BC – Aristotle – Anatomist /Philosopher • Historia Animalium • Mutualism • Tool use • Brood Parasitism Native Americans • Southeast Texas - Bonfire • Mass Killings -12000 years ago The Three Foundations • Medical Anatomy and Physiology • Evolution • Human Psychology Medical Anatomy and Physiology • Andreas Versalius (1543) • De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (On the fabric of the human body in seven books) • Paul Broca (1861) • Speech Production The Evolutionary Foundation • Charles Darwin (1859) • The Origin of Species • Natural Selection • Sexual Selection The Evolutionary Foundation • George John Romanes (1884) • Mental Evolution in Animals • Behavior could be studied among different animals and infer relationships • Injective knowledge Human Psychology • Comparative Psychology (Psychologists) • This school of thought advocates the use of strict experimental procedures to study observable behaviors (or responses) in relation to environment (or stimuli) • Ethology (Zoologists) • This school of thought advocates studying behavior under naturalistic conditions. It explores animal behavior in the context of animal anatomy and physiology. Ethologists specifically considered the significance of inherited elements of behavior alongside learned components Comparative Psychologists • Ivan Pavlov (1904) • Noble Prize • Classical Conditioning Comparative Psychologists • John B. Watson (1930) • Behaviorism • Little Albert Comparative Psychologists • B.F. Skinner (1938) • The Behavior of Organisms • Operant Conditioning • Skinner Box Ethologists • Karl von Frisch (1973) • Noble Prize • Bee Dance Ethologists • Konrad Lorenz (1973) • Noble Prize • Imprinting • FAP • Ethograms Ethologists • Niko Tinbergen (1973) • Noble Prize • The Study of Instinct • FAP (with Lorenz) • Four Questions Ethologists • Niko Tinbergen (1973) • Four Questions • Causation • Development • Evolution • Function • Mneumonic • ABCDEF • Proximate vs. Ultimate Questions??? Other famous Behaviorists Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Behavior Proximate Ultimate • Immediate causes • Evolutionary causes • Mechanisms • Adaptive value of the behavior Mastigias paupua • Golden Medusa • Migrates upward during the day and descends at night • Also migrate from the west to the east during the day and return in the evening Proximate Cause • At night – undirected pulsing of bell to “taxis” • This causes them to head east until they hit the shadows on the east from the trees which cause them to move west in the afternoon. • Mechanism – “ocelli” – photosensitive neurons control their swimming behavior and direct them toward the light Ultimate Cause • Get most of their food from zooxanthelle (photosynthetic) • Over millions of years, individuals that behaved in this way received more food and were able to leave more offspring with the ability to coordinate their muscle contratctions to ensure light for the zooxanthelle .

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Eric Kandel Form in Which This Information Is Stored
RESEARCH I NEWS pendent, this system would be expected to [2] HEEsch and J E Bums. Distance estimation work quite well, since the new recruit bees by foraging honeybees, The Journal ofExperi mental Biology, Vo1.199, pp. 155-162, 1996. tend to take the same route as the experi [3] M V Srinivasan, S W Zhang, M Lehrer, and T enced scout bee. What dOJhe ants do when S Collett, Honeybee Navigation en route to they cover similarly several kilometres on the goal: Visual flight control and odometry, foot to look for food? Preliminary evidence The Journal ofExperimental Biology, Vol. 199, pp. 237-244, 1996. indicates that they don't use an odometer but [4] M V Srinivasan, S W Zhang, M Altwein, and instead might count steps! J Tautz, Honeybee Navigation: Nature and Calibration of the Odometer, Science, Vol. Suggested Reading 287, pp. 851-853, 1996. [1] Karl von Frisch, The dance language and OT Moushumi Sen Sarma, Centre for Ecological Sci ientation of bees, Harvard Univ. Press, Cam ences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, bridge, MA, USA, 1993. India. Email: [email protected] Learning from a Sea Snail: modify future behaviour, then memory is the Eric Kandel form in which this information is stored. Together, they represent one of the most valuable and powerful adaptations ever to Rohini Balakrishnan have evolved in nervous systems, for they In the year 2000, Eric Kandel shared the allow the future to access the past, conferring Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicinel flexibility to behaviour and improving the with two other neurobiologists: Arvid chances of survival in unpredictable, rapidly Carlsson and Paul Greengard.
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Copyright by Karen Suzanne Balcom 2005 The Dissertation Committee for Karen Suzanne Balcom Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine Committee: E. Glynn Harmon, Supervisor Julie Hallmark Billie Grace Herring James D. Legler Brooke E. Sheldon Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine by Karen Suzanne Balcom, B.A., M.L.S. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August, 2005 Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my first teachers: my father, George Sheldon Balcom, who passed away before this task was begun, and to my mother, Marian Dyer Balcom, who passed away before it was completed. I also dedicate it to my dissertation committee members: Drs. Billie Grace Herring, Brooke Sheldon, Julie Hallmark and to my supervisor, Dr. Glynn Harmon. They were all teachers, mentors, and friends who lifted me up when I was down. Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my committee: Julie Hallmark, Billie Grace Herring, Jim Legler, M.D., Brooke E. Sheldon, and Glynn Harmon for their encouragement, patience and support during the nine years that this investigation was a work in progress. I could not have had a better committee. They are my enduring friends and I hope I prove worthy of the faith they have always showed in me. I am grateful to Dr.
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Gerald Edelman - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Gerald Edelman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Gerald Edelman From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Gerald Maurice Edelman (born July 1, 1929) is an Contents American biologist who shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Gerald Maurice Edelman Featured content Physiology or Medicine for work with Rodney Robert Born July 1, 1929 (age 83) Current events Porter on the immune system.[1] Edelman's Nobel Prize- Ozone Park, Queens, New York Nationality Random article winning research concerned discovery of the structure of American [2] Fields Donate to Wikipedia antibody molecules. In interviews, he has said that the immunology; neuroscience way the components of the immune system evolve over Alma Ursinus College, University of Interaction the life of the individual is analogous to the way the mater Pennsylvania School of Medicine Help components of the brain evolve in a lifetime. There is a Known for immune system About Wikipedia continuity in this way between his work on the immune system, for which he won the Nobel Prize, and his later Notable Nobel Prize in Physiology or Community portal work in neuroscience and in philosophy of mind. awards Medicine in 1972 Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Contents [hide] Toolbox 1 Education and career 2 Nobel Prize Print/export 2.1 Disulphide bonds 2.2 Molecular models of antibody structure Languages 2.3 Antibody sequencing 2.4 Topobiology 3 Theory of consciousness Беларуская 3.1 Neural Darwinism Български 4 Evolution Theory Català 5 Personal Deutsch 6 See also Español 7 References Euskara 8 Bibliography Français 9 Further reading 10 External links Hrvatski Ido Education and career [edit] Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Gerald Edelman was born in 1929 in Ozone Park, Queens, New York to Jewish parents, physician Edward Edelman, and Anna Freedman Edelman, who worked in the insurance industry.[3] After עברית Kiswahili being raised in New York, he attended college in Pennsylvania where he graduated magna cum Nederlands laude with a B.S.
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Nobel Laureates with Their Contribution in Biomedical Engineering
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Karl Von Frisch
EntomologistBugBug BUMBLEBEEKARLSWEAT VON FRISCH BEE MIMIC ofof theof the the (1886 - 1982)(LaphriaSubject: flavicollis)Honey bees Month Field:(Agapostemon Ethology Nationality: spp.) Austrian MonthMonth The round dance (left) indicates resources that are a short distance from the hive, while the waggle dance (right) communicates longer distances. Credit: Oliver Feldwick Karl von Frisch is most famous for his discovery and interpretation of the honey bee dance language, for which he and his colleagues were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1973. His experiments relied on training paint-marked bees to feeders at known locations relative to their hive. Then, through careful observation, von Frisch discovered that honey bees per- form a ‘waggle dance’ to communicate the distance and direction of food resources to other Agapostemon is a widespread preference. Like other members of cases, multiple females may share foragers. von Frisch is less well known for many other important contributions that he made Atgenus first of bees glance, in North youAmerica, may flavicollisHalictidae, ,they is commonly are short-tongued found aand single beetles. nest entrance, Once but they each have towithbelieve the 14 studyknown this ofspeciesis honeya bumblebee. across bees, the which acrossand included have the difficulty eastern investigations Unitedextracting States. nectarinto honeyindividualcollected bee builds their vision and prey, andprovisions they the return her studyUnitedHowever, ofStates a microsporidianit’s and shortCanada. straight Most parasite
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Ry Junior Bird Tournament 1992 AI Lin (3) Extra Credit Questions
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KARL VON FRISCH † University of Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
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