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NGEPAN BATANG AI (IBAN WOMEN TRADITIONAL ATTIRE) PRESENTATION THROUGH LIGHT PAINTING PHOTOGRAPHY
Jusy Sambai Anak Javeril
Ijazah Sarjana Muda Seni Gunaan dengan Kepujian (Seni Halus) 2018 NGEPAN BATANG Al (IBAN WOMEN TRADITIONAL ATTIRE) PRESENTATION THROUGH LIGHT PAINTING PHOTOGRAPHY
JUSY SAMBAI ANAK JAVERIL
This project is submitted in partial fulfillment of for degree Bachelor Applied Arts Honours the requirements the of of with (Fine Art)
Faculty of Applied and Creative Arts
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
Grade: Please tick (v) Final Year Project Report 0 Masters 0 PhD 0
DECLARATION OF ORIGINAL WORK
This declaration is made on the Monday of Mei 2018. Student's Declaration:
I JUSY SAMBAI ANAKJAVERIL (54330) from FACULTY OF APPLIED AND CREATIVE ARTS hereby declare that the work entitled NGEPAN BATANG Al (IBAN WOMEN TRADITIONAL ATTIRE) PRESENTATION THROUGH LIGHT PAINTING PHOTOGRAPHY is my original work. I have from due not copied from any other students' work or any other sources except where reference or has been for by acknowled a is made explicitly in the text, nor any part written me another person. Ff'rT17 8 jun 2018 WVPr/I Datei. Submitted
upervisor's Declaration: I ASSOCIATE PROF. HJ. ZULKALNAIN ZAINAL ABIDIN hereby certifies that the work entitled NGEPAN BA TANG AI (IBAN WOMEN TRADITIONAL ATTIRE) PRESENTATION THROUGH LIGHT PAINTING PHOTOGRAPHY prepared by the above named student, and was submitted to the "FACULTY" as a * partial/full fulfillment for the conferment of BACHELOR OF APPLIED ARTS WITH HONOURS (FINE ARTS), and the aforementioned work, to the best of my knowledge, is the said student's work.
ASSOC. PROFESSOR LYZ 7LfALNAIN ZAINAL N
Date:
ý (X
i I declare that Project/Thesis is classified as (Please tick (ý) :
0 CONFIDENTIAL (Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972)*
E-1 RESTRICTED (Contains restricted information as specified by the organization where
research was done)*
OPEN ACCESS
Validation of Project/Thesis
I therefore duly affirm with free consent and willingly declare that this said Project/Thesis shall be placed officially in the Centre for Academic Information Services with the abiding interest and rights as follows:
" This Project/Thesis is the sole legal property of University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS). " The Centre for Academic Information Services has the lawful right to make copies for the purpose of academic and research only and not for other purpose. " The Centre for Academic Information Services has the lawful right to digitalise the content for the Local Content Database. " The Centre for Academic Information Services has the lawful right to make copies of the Project/Thesis for academic exchange between Higher Learning Institute. " No dispute or any claim shall arise from the student itself neither third party on this Project/Thesis once it becomes the sole property of UNIMAS. " This Project/Thesis or any material, data and information related to it shall not be distributed, published -disclosed to any party by the stud e xc ith UNIMAS permission.
Student signature /ý) Madva Hi Zulkalnain Zainal Abidin Locturer Fakulti Seni Gunaan r1.v Kreatif Current Address: UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
LOT 1292 LORONG 4A/2, TAMAN HARMONI, 95000. SRI AMAN, SARAWAK
Notes: * If the Project/Thesis is CONFIDENTIAL or RESTRICTED, please attach together as annexure a letter from the organisation with the period and reasons of confidentiality and restriction.
[The instrument is duly prepared by The Centre for Academic Information Services]
11 DECLARATION
The project entitled NGEPAN BATANG Al (IBAN WOMEN TRADITIONAL ATTIRE) PRESENTATION THROUGH LIGHT PAINTING PHOTOGRAPHY was prepared by JUSY SAMBAI ANAK JAVERIL and submitted to the Faculty of Applied and Creative Arts in for Bachelor Applied Arts Honours (Fine partialfulfillment of the requirements a of with Art).
(PROF. MADYA H UýLNAIN ZAINAL ABIDIN) Penyelia
III APPRECIATION AND GRATITUDE
I, Jusy Sambai Anak Javeril, hereby, want to take this opportunity to thank everyone upon the completion of this Final Year Project and Final Year Project Reports.
To Associate Professor Zulkalnain Zainal Abidin, thank you so much on your support and guidance throughout this semester for me to complete this Final Year Project, on giving me a lot of brilliant ideas in order for me to create an artwork.
To beloved family, thank you so much for always believing in me and your endless support in terms of money and love.
I am also would like to express my gratitude to Fine Art lecturers and technicians especially Mr
Yassir bin Bujang, Puan Liza and Mr Mohammad Saufian bin Suhaili on their contributions on this project.
To my beloved friends, especially Ms Anastasia Shirley Busan, Mr Cobasky Fenninmore, Ms Dina
David, Ms Lucyana Shuma, Mr Ivor Kana and Ms Mercellinnie Paderek thank you so much on helping me doing my Final Year Projects artworks.
Not forget, I also would like to thank everyone, no matter directly and indirectly who had helped me out in this journey.
May the Lord God bless you all.
iv Contents Page
1 111 Declaration -
Appreciation iv
Contents v- vi
Abstract vii
Abstrak viii
Chapter 1 : Introduction 1
1.1 Problem Statement 2
1.2 Research Questions 2
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Scope of Research 3
1.5 Significant of the Research 3
Chapter II : Literature Review 4
2.1 Culture 4
2.2 Than Ethnic 5
2.3 Than traditional costumes 6
2.4 Ngepan Batang Ai 7
2.5 Uniqueness 9
2.6 Light painting photography 10
2.7 How photography act as visual message 11
2.8. Visual arts 12
V Contents Page
Chapter III : Research Methodology
Introduction 13
Source(s) 14 - 15
Chapter IV : Research Findings
4.1 Introduction 16
4.2 Impact of the photography on the Than culture 16
fundamental Ngepan 4.3 The Art on Batang Ai analysis 17 - 18
4.4 The process of photographing light painting 19-21
4.5 Materials used 22
4.6 Technical process on photographing light painting 22
4.7 The Ngepan Batang Ai presentation through light painting
photography 23 - 30
Chapter V : Conclusion 31
References 32 - 33
Attachments 34 - 36
VI ABSTRACT
in This research is about the connection between photography and the Than culture
Sarawak. Light painting photography technique was applied in presenting the Than traditional attire in Sarawak. This research was also to analyze the art fundamentals on the Ngepan Iban. Other than that, this research was aimed to come out with an artwork by using photography approach
from books, internets, presenting Iban's culture. The data would be collected online newspapers,
for light and interviews. For instance, the data collection theories and concepts of painting indeed photography was done through reading of books and online websites. The researcher interview understood more about the light painting photography. Meanwhile, an session was information conducted between the researcher and the Ngepan owner in Sarawak to get the on the costume. The interview process helped the researcher to get an accurate and reliable source of information from the respondent. Using all the accumulated data, the researcher utilized and created a new interpretation and intellectual perspective throughout the whole research.
KEYWORDS
fundamentals, Light painting photography, cultural object, visual art, art presentation
VII ABSTRAK
Kajian ini adalah tentang hubungkait fotografi dan budaya Than di Sarawak. Lukisan fotografi cahaya akan digunakan bagi mempersembahkan pakaian tradisional masyarakat Than di
Sarawak. Seterusnya, untuk menganalisis elemen seni yang terdapat pada ngepan tersebut. Akhir sekali, adalah untuk menghasilkan dan mempersembahkan karya seni yang menggunakan
dan data berkaitan diperolehi daripada pendekatan fotografi lukisan cahaya. Segala maklumat buku, internet, suratkhabar dalam talian, dan juga temuramah. Sebagai contoh, teori dan konsep fotografi lukisan cahaya boleh didapati dalam bentuk buku dan juga di laman web. Dengan
itu, kaedah demikian, pengkaji akan lebih faham akan fotografi lukisan cahaya. Dalam pada betul ternuramah pengkaji bersama pemilik ngepan tersebut dalam mendapatkan maklumat yang dan dan juga sah ih. Dengan menggunakan data-data yang terkumpul, pengkaji akan menggunakan
iritelektual di dalam kajian ini. mengolah pemahaman baru dalam bentuk seluruh
KATA KUNCI : Fotografi lukisan cahaya, objek budaya, seni visual, asas seni, persembahan
VIII CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This research was about the light painting photography and the reflection of art
fundamentals on the Ngepan Batang Ai (Iban lady traditional costume). Light painting photography technique would be applied on a portrait of a lady wearing Ngepan Batang Ai. This
is Sri Aman district in traditional costume is mainly from Lubok Antu. Lubok Antu a part of Kain Sungkit (Pua Kumbu Sarawak. The people are famous for the productions of Kain Kebat and like Gawai Antu Than woven skirt). Kain Kebat are normally worn during special occasions (the festival for departed souls). Meanwhile, Kain Kebat woven skirt is one of the Ngepan attires for
Pekit Kumang (beauty Gawai Dayak special occasions also, for example, wedding, pageant), and celebration.
The elements of art are the basic components of art-making. It is impossible to create the
form, artwork of art without using at least one of the element. Those elements are line, shape,
Ai is value, space, color and texture. Ngepan Batang traditional costume a unique attire enriched
form be Chapter IV. with textures, lines, color, shape, and which will analyzed at the
1 1.1 Problem statement
a) This research is conducted because there is lack of portrait photography (light painting
that emphasize on culture in the contemporary art world. .photography) production
1.2 Research Questions
Ibans " What is the impact of photography towards the culture?
" What is the art fundamentals have on the Ngepan Batang Al ?
" How to come out with an artwork using light painting photography technique?
1.3 Objectives
" To identify the impact of photography towards the Ibans culture
Ai " To analyze the art fundamentals on the Ngepan Batang
light " To come out with an artwork using painting photography technique.
2 1.4 Scope of research
This research is about the Than culture. Light painting photography technique will be use to
Than traditional that is Ngepan Batang Ai The be photograph the costume . subject matter will a lady wearing traditional costume for the outcome of this research.
1.5 Significance of the Research
" Recognizing photography approaches that can be used to represent Iban's traditional
costume.
" Studying and examining the process of light painting photography technique to represent
the Than culture.
3 CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
This research is gathered and validate by the researcher to prove the research evidence that
had been conducted. A literature review is to explain, to anticipate and review the information
from journals and reference books in the new research. Following this, literature review is the
structure that can support the research.
According to Richard A (2013), literature review is to elucidate, anticipate and review the information available from journals and reference books. Moreover, it also the structure that can support the research and broaden the knowledge and thus to trigger the new ideas. Next, to find out the information from reliable sources that related to light painting photography.
2.1 Culture
According to Oxford Dictionaries, culture is the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a
particular people of society.
As mentioned by Williams (1958), "culture is the complex and broad set of relationships,
values, attitudes and behaviors that bind a specific community consciously and
unconsciously.
4 Bates and Plog (1990, pg. 7) also mention that "the culture is the system of shared beliefs,
values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the member of society cope with their world
and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through
learning.
2.2 Than ethnic
"the Iban, Sea Dayaks, Fearless " Croset had mention that or were a complex society.
headhunters in war, they lived in peace humanely and, in some ways,
democratically in longhouses along the rivers of Sarawak"'
Than " According to Peter Kedit a member of Ethnology Sarawak Museum, the
people emigrated from the East Borneo to Sarawak in the middle of 16`hcentury. A
historical legends said that the Iban's originated from Kapuas, Kalimantan,
Indonesia. They migrate by using the main river routes from Lubok Antu
(Kalimantan boarder), to the northern of Sarawak.
" In 2011, as stated by the Department of Statistics Malaysia, Than ethnic population
30.3% it the largest in Sarawak. recorded , making population known Ibans, " As mentioned by Hays (2008), the Sea Dayaks normally as the are
the Dayak Communities of Borneo populating traditionally the mid level hills and
delta plains of Borneo.
5 2.3 Than traditional costume
" Basically, ngepan indu Than differs from one tribe to another and mainly
geographically influenced and also based on the trading trends in the olden days.
For instance, tribes located near Baram would be using more beads compared to
those in Saribas area and the usage of metal is due to Chinese merchants coming in
bringing accessories of such metals to the Borneo Island.
" These statement was supported by (Wan, 2013) that big gongs (tawak-tawak) and
earthenware jars (tajau lama) has the image of dragon originated in China and those
copper artillery, ancient chinaware, gongs used mainly for dancing and ceremonial
for the Dayaks occasions , are a status symbol community.
" Than traditional costume for the Than women is "Ngepan Indu Iban, whereas for
men called "Ngepan Laki Iban" been worn during special occasions, ceremonies,
dance and rituals. As mentioned by Zeppel (2006), the people, especially in the
longhouse are encourage to wear traditional costume to welcoming visitors and
during cultural activities.
6 2.4 Ngepan Batang Ai
Ngepan from Batang Ai originated Lubok Antu (Sri Aman district). Full set of original
Ngepan Batang Ai consist of :
1. Sugu Tinggi (Tiara headdress)
2. Lampit
3. Tumpa tusun or tumpa bentuk
4. Tumpa rangkuppandak
5. Rawai pandak pirak ( Silver coilt rawai)
6. Kain kebat ( Pua Kumbu woven skirt)
7. Kain sungkit (Pua Kumbu woven skirt)
8. Gelang kaki geruncong (anklet)
9. Tali pirak leka peria
10. Sementing ringgit
11. Duit tungkat / duit ringgit
12. Buah pauh (orb shaped silver purse)
13. Cucuk sanggul
14. Sugu cam/sugu puntul
7 days. Image Pinterest, Retrieved from Picture 1 : Ngepan Batang Ai during the old source :
Ip=true httl)s: //www. ninterest. co. uk/pin/43178'-)683007100742/?
8 Picture 2: Ngepan Batang Ai ( Source : Mr Freddie Ambrose)
2.5 UNIQUENESS
" Based on Picture I above, a lady did not wearing "marik empang" or beaded collar
if to Picture 2. It is because the have been through compared attire modernization .
Nowadays, it is compulsory for a lady, especially for those who join "Pekin
Kumang" or beauty pageant to wear a "marik empang" to cover the chest area ( C.
Fenninmore, personal communication, May 26,2018)
9 (B. Shirley March 12, 2018) had that this " , personal communication, mention
Ngepan Than could weight up to seven (7) kilogram and sometimes the wearer could
not bear the weight. As stated by (Tettoni & Ong, 2001, p. 61) " the tiara headdress
(sugu tinggi), to her anklet, her total silver accessories could weight several
kilograms. Related to this, past official reports recorded river accidents where
maidens have drowned, weighed down by their silver rawai corsets and belts of
silver dollar coins.
2.6 Light painting photography
" As stated by Abidin (2014), The word photography derives from the Greek word
"photos "(fight) and " graphe "(drawing) and thus, photography is to paint with
light. It is crucial to understand the scientific concepts behind those image were
produced.
" Light painting photography is one of the technique used in capturing an image in a
creative way. According to Miedza and Woellert (2011), " light painting method
use an optical recording mechanism to "freeze" people, places and objects into
image that remain for posterity. "
" Light painting as mention by Keimig (2016) depic a situation when light is added
to light up the subject of the photograph, originating from either outside or inside,
out of the frame but the source(light) is hidden from the camera.
" Light can be use to create shapes or lines in the images. According to (Dantzig,
2010), main lights, also called key light are the primary source of illumination for
the images. They provide the base exposure and determine the direction of the light.
10 They also establish the pattern of shadows and highlights that determine the lighting
style of the image.
" In relation to this statement, Cooper (2014), light painting is using flashlight to
illuminate and draw the subject. However, the use of natural light provided by the
sun, the sky, moon light, and artificial sources like street lamp, incandescent,
fluorescent, LED and studio strobe also can be utilize to paint the subject.
Researcher plan to apply these kind of light to draw and shaping the human figures
later.
" Light painting photography is the art form of using handheld lights to paint or draw
in a scene while the shutter of a camera is left open during a long exposure
photograph.
2.7 How photography act as a visual message ?
Photography is one of the powerful tools not only to communicate but also act as a medium to convey a message. Visuals are said to be more effective compared to written word. For example, a photograph of an innocent child and got a lot of bruises all over his body. This, automatically for us, as a viewer may thought that the child had been abused. As Steve Mc
Curry said,
"the photograph is undeniable powerful medium. Free from the constrain of language, and harnessing the unique qualities if a single moment frozen in time"
11 2.8 Visual arts
According to Cambridge University, visual arts defined as the arts of painting, drawing, sculpture, photography, rather than literature and music.
Visual drawing, design, The visual arts is the arts that can be seen visually. arts consist of
The photography, filmmaking, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics and architecture. dimensional 3 dimensional. outcomes of the visual arts could be in 2 or
Artworks that involving visual arts require the art fundamentals that is :
Line Line is define by a point moving in space. It may be two-dimensional, implied, descriptive or abstract. Shape Two dimensional, flat or is limited to with and heights Value it refers to the darkness and lightness of tones or colours. Black is the darkest, meanwhile white is the lightest value. Space Positive and negative areas are define Form An elements of arts that is three dimensional and enclosures volume, height, width and depth Texture It refers to the way things look or feel. Colour This elements is made up by three properties namely hue, value and intensity
" Hue: name of the colour " Value: hue's lightness and darkness " Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high intensity =colour is strong and bright; low intensity-colours is faint and dull)
12 CHAPTER III
Methodology
Introduction
Methodology refers to the ongoing processes and perspectives for research. The purpose
of the case study was to identify the whole process of light painting photography technique
applied on human. Furthermore, the researcher would like to identify the potential of photography approach to convey a message through visuals. Therefore, all views and
feedback were gathered according to the procedures, as an evidence in research and references conducted for this study.
According to Business Dictionary,
"methodology is the process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business decisions. The methodology may include publications research interviews, surveys and other research techniques, and could include both present and historical information. "
In this research, mixed method approach is being used by a researcher. It involves the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods. Researcher then will compare the strengths and weaknesses on this two methods, and thus it will be more complete and generalize the research results.
13 Source
(a) Books
References were made by referring to books from Centre for Academic Information
Services (CAIS), University Malaysia Sarawak related to the research title. Examples of
books included Painting With Light written by Joerg Miedza and JanLeonardoWoellert,
The Visual Dictionary of photography by David Parkel and Photographer's Exposure
Handbook by Jack Neubart. However, the researcher obtained a limited source of books
from CAIS. Next, the information from each book was collected and summarized to create a broad view of the whole research. As a result, a good quality of information was gained through the reliable and trusted sources.
(b) Webs
References also made by browsing the related information on web. Most of the information gained was from web. Google and Google Scholar were used to discover the information related to light painting photography; camera setting and material needed. The researcher also browsed and viewed some of the blogs and articles related to the issues in the light painting photography. However, it is crucial to ensure the authenticity of the information source.
14