DOCSLIB.ORG

Market Outlook for Major Energy Products Metas and Minerals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Market Outlook for Major Energy Products Metas and Minerals Market Outlook for Major Energy Products Metas Public Disclosure Authorized and Minerals Public Disclosure Authorized 00,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Market Outlook or Major Energy Products, Mletals, and Minerals World Bank Washington, D.C Copyright @ 1994 The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C 20433, U.S.A Alrightsreserved Manufactured in the United States of America Fast pdnitingJuly 1994 Fubtre developments in commodity markets camnotbe known with certainty. However, in activities involving commodities, judgments have to be made about future events in these markets. The forecasts preaented here are judgments based upon analysis of the commodity markets and on discussions with people with expertise m these markets. However, no repTesentation is made that the findings, intrpretations, and conclusions exprssed are accurate or complete; they are entizely those of ihe World Banks staff and consulnts and dwuld notbe attrbuted in any manner to the members of its Executive Board or the countries they represent Users of the information m this publication should recognize the large degree of uncertainty associated with these forecasts and use them with appropriate caution. The World Bank does not take any responsibilty for the results of any actions taken by purchasers of this publationbased on the hiformation thlein. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Office of the Publisher, at the address in the copyright notice above. The World Bnk encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when reproduction is for nopurposes, thout asking a fee. Pernmssion to copy portons for classrom use is granted trough the Copyrght Clearance Center, Inc, Suite 910,222 Rewood Drive, Danvers, M csets 0193 US.A The complete backlst of publications from the World Bank is shown m the annual Inde of Publcatwns,which contains an alphabetical title ist (wffi full orderng information) and indexes of sbet, authors, and cunmties and regions. The latest edition is available free of dharge from the itributio Unt, Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W, Washington, D.C 20433, USA., or from Publications, The World Bank, 66, avenue d'I6na, 75116Pans, France. ISBN 08213-27658 ISSN 1013-7440 Contents Preface CommodityDessinpton ................. vi Notes and Definitons ................ ...... , vu Energy -Petroleulm ..... _,,1 Summary . .1 ' emand Oulook ............... Supply Outlook ............... 9 PetoleumPrie Outlook ................ 18 AnnexPeriu I: Fiscalrc andu Financialo k..........................Incentives: ............................................................ Key to Oil Deeomn ........................ .. ... AnmexII: World Refining Outlook ......... Coal .. .3 coal........................................................................................................................................... 33 Summay .......... 33 Derand Outlook .......... 34 Supply Outlook .39 Trade Outlook . ... .... , 43 Price Outlook........ 434............. Technologyand Enviroument ..................... 45 Metals and Minerals Copper.............. ..................... 52 Slmmary ...... 52 Demand Oudook............ ..... 53 SupplyOudook ........ .........................................................................................................57 Price Outlook .. 65 Tin,,,,,,,.., ,,, .79 Summazy.................. .............. 79 Demand Outlook ..... Supply Outlook .... 84 Price Outlook .... 90 - -ric..el..... .. 93 Sunmy , ... 93 Demand Outlook.... 94 Supply Oudook , , ,....... 96 Price Prosects .... 103 Aluminum and Bauxite ............... Q7 SilummaTry .............. 107 DemandOutlook ........... 109 Supply Outlook .................................................................................. ..........................113 Production Costs ...........-. 119 Trade Outook .120 Price Outlook .121 Ir nO e........................................................................ 3 bronO0re 13 Summa.ary _.... 137 Demand Outlook ................................ 38 Supply Outlook......... _. 140 Trade Outlook ......... 145 Price Prospects........... .... 148 SteeL .......... .. 156 Summary ............. ... 156 Demand Oudook . ..... 157 Supply Outlook ......... ..... .160 Trade Prospects.......... .... 166 PriceOutlook .......... ........ 168 Lead andZinc ......... ......._ . 17 in Summary............... ... 73 Demand Outlook ....... 174 Supply Outlook ..... .... 176 PriceOutlook ......... .. ..... 178 Gold ..... 182-__ Summary ................................ .. .... 182 Demand Outlook ... 183 Supply Outlook ........... .185-- Price Oudook .......... .... 187 Silvrer.19 Summary .......... ...... 192 Demand Outlook .... 193 Supply Outlook .......... 194 Price Oulook .......... 195 Annex I: Privafizationand Libealization of the Mining Sector in Developing Countries: Implicatons for Market Outlook ..................... .. .0 0 Annex II: Recent Developmentsand Prospects for Chinas MIetalsMrket ...... 221 IV Preface -Thisreport is a compilationof studies that review the market prospects for energy and for metals and minerals commodities. -The forecasts are mainly used in projecting the balance of payments of countries that boirow from the World Bank and in appraising investment projects that include these commodities as inputs or outputs. Because of the multiple purposes they are intended to serve, the price forecasts are presented m current (nominal) as well as 1990 constant dollar (real) tens. 1 For the period 1994-96, the price forecasts are the prices expected for the individual years. For 2000 and 2005, the price forecasts are intended to indicate the underlyingtrends. The forecastsare conditionalon the various macroeconomicand commodity-specificassumptions used-all of whichare subjectto greatuncertainty. The macroeconomicscnario underpinng the forecastsis discussedin the WorldBanks report GlobalEconomc Prospects and the DevelopingCozwtries, 1994. Becauseof the uncetanty inherentin commodityprce forecasts,the I tional Trade Division penodicallyprpares pr'oabilitydistributions of its priceforecasts. -These are presented in the summary. For most commoditiesor groupsof commodities,this reportpresents standardizedsets of tables giving historicaland forecastvalues fir production, consumption,export andimports. These tables give details of majoreconomic regions, as well as of countriesthat are major participantsin these markets. The forecastsare basedon professionaljudgments and simulationruns of gobal comrmoditymodels mnaintainedby the Bank. In preparngthis reportthe Bankhas consultedwidely with expertson commoditiesin bothpublic and private ogniations, whohave been most forthcoming in providingdata and in discussingthe outlookfor the variouscommodity markets. Their cooperationnas addedto the accuracyof this reportand is gratefilllyacknowledged. All remainngenrors are the responsibl3ityofthe authors. t Commoditypries have been deflatd by the World Bmnk¶sManlhcturing Unit Value (MEN) index and the G-7 CPL Th cMUV inde is te c it indexof US dola prics of industril countrices'macuted cxpods(SITC 5-8) to he devdoping counti and my be regaded as a useful deflarto mcasur changesin the net bartertem oftrade of developingcountrics highy dependenton exportsof primarycommodiies. The G-7 CPI may be a usefl deflatorto use il circuMStac=where the majorcountrie inftion rateis believedto be an appopiatemeasme of changesin the overal price orcost leveL v Commodity Description Energy Petroleum,average OPEC price, OPEC govemmentsales weighted by export volumesthrough 1981;beginning 1982 OPEC spot prices weighted by OPECexport volumes. ThermalCoal, (12,000BTU/lb, less than 1.0%sulfir, 12% ash), f.ob. Piers, HamptonRoads, NorfoL.: Metalsand Minerals t-opper (Livw, cash wucuars through November 1981; from Decemner 1981 through June 1986, high grade cathodes, settlement price; subsequently,grade A- Tin (Mlaysian), Straits quality, ex-smelter,Penang, official settlement price. N-ickel (Canadian), eletrolytic catodes, Ni 99.9% shipping point through 1979; subsquently cathodes, minimum 99.8% purity, official morning session weekdy average bid/asked price. Aluminum, indicative price of U.S. unlloyed prmary ingot in the European Market through 1978; subsequent LME stand grade, minimum 99.5% purity, cash prce. Lead (LME), settement price, refined lead, purity 99.97%. Zinc (LME), settlement price, good ordiary brand through August 1984; thereafter High Grade brand Iron Ore (Brazilian), CVR) Itabira sinter feed produced from 64.2 purty ore, metal content weight contract to Germany, Federl Republc, f£o.b reference pnce through 1974; from 1975 through 1985, standard sinter feed from 64% purty ore; stting 1986 Southern System (Itabira and other southern mines) 64%; during 1988 and 1989, 64.2%; beginning 1990 64.3% purity ores. Bauxte, crude and dried, US import reference prce based on imports from Jamaica through 1974; from 1975 US import price, cif. US port. Gold (UK), 99.5% fine, London aflernoonfixing, average of dailyrates. Silver amdy & Harman), 99.9% grade refined, New York. vi Notes and Defimitions * 3Commodt maret-price dscipti are shown on page iDn * Dollars e United States dollarsunless otheis specifid * All tons refe to metc tons (1,000 kilograms)unless othewise notd. Abbrevistions ad Symbols tons = mericuns lb - pounds cm -cubicmeters bbl - barels kg ilogms
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 96-17 December 1996
    WP 96-17 December 1996 Working Paper Department of Agricultural, Resource, and Managerial Economics Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-7801 USA THE G-3 FREE TRADE AGREEMENT: MEMBER COUNTRIES' AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND ITS AGRICULTURAL PROVISIONS Ricardo Arguello and Steven Kyle - It is the policy of Cornell University actively to support equality of educational and employment opportunity. No person shall be denied admission to any educational program or activity or be denied employment on the basis of any legally prohibited dis­ crimination involving, but not limited to, such factors as race, color, creed, religion, national or ethnic origin, sex, age or • handicap. The University is committed to the maintenance of affirmative action programs which will assure the continuation of such equality of opportunity. THE G-3 FREE TRADE AGREEMENT: MEMBER COUNTRIES' AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND ITS AGRICULTURAL PROVISIONS Ricardo Argiiello and Steven Kyle December 1996 - Ricardo Argiiello is a Ph.D. student and Steven Kyle is an Associate Professor at the Department of Agricultural, Resource and Managerial Economics at Cornell University ABSTRACT Since the mid 1980s Latin American and Caribbean countries have unilaterally liberalized their economies and have started a new wave of economic integration that led to the establishment of 25 trade agreements between 1990 and 1994. The Group of Three (G-3) Free Trade Agreement, comprising Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela, provided for the liberalization of around 62 percent of exportables from Colombia and Venezuela and 16 percent of those from Mexico_ This paper provides a qualitative assessment of the potential impact of the G-3 on member countries' agricultural trade.
    [Show full text]
  • A Decade Under Chávez Political Intolerance and Lost Opportunities for Advancing Human Rights in Venezuela
    A Decade Under Chávez Political Intolerance and Lost Opportunities for Advancing Human Rights in Venezuela Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-371-4 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org September 2008 1-56432-371-4 A Decade Under Chávez Political Intolerance and Lost Opportunities for Advancing Human Rights in Venezuela I. Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 1 Political Discrimination ............................................................................................2 The Courts ...............................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Livro America Latina
    Guillermo Alfredo Johnson Marcos Antonio da Silva (Orgs.) A AMÉRICA LATINA CONTEMPORÂNEA: espectros, diversidades e seletividades 2016 “Criar uma nova cultura não significa apenas fazer individu- almente descobertas originais; significa também, e, sobretudo, difundir criticamente verdades já descobertas, socializá-las por assim dizer; transformá-las portanto em base de ações vitais, em elemento de coordenação e de ordem intelectual e moral. O fato de que uma multidão de pessoas seja levada a pensar coerentemente e de maneira unitária a realidade presente é um fato “filosófico” bem mais importante e original do que a descoberta, por parte de um “gênio”, de uma nova verdade que permaneça como patrimônio de pequenos grupos intelectuais.” (Antonio Gramsci). “Se cada dia cai, dentro de cada noite, há um poço onde a claridade está presa. há que sentar-se na beira do poço da sombra e pescar luz caída com paciência.” (Pablo Neruda) Livro Patrocinado pela Fundect | Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Edital Publica MS 2014 Reitora: Liane Maria Calarge Vice-Reitor: Marcio Eduardo de Barros Equipe EdUFGD Coordenação editorial: Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia Administração: Givaldo Ramos da Silva Filho Revisão e normalização bibliográfica: Cynara Almeida Amaral, Raquel Correia de Oliveira, Tiago Gouveia Faria e Wanessa Gonçalves Silva Reinaldo Azambuja Silva Programação visual: Marise Massen Frainer Governador do Estado e-mail: [email protected] A presente obra foi aprovada de acordo com o Edital Publica MS 2014. Os dados abaixo são referentes ao Conselho que a aprovou no ano de 2014. CONSELHO EDITORIAL Marcelo Augusto Santos Turine Paulo Custódio de Oliveira Diretor | Presidente Marlene Estevão Marchetti Sandro Menezes Silva Célia Regina Delácio Fernandes Rogério Silva Pereira Luiza Mello Vasconcelos Editora filiada à Projeto gráfico/capa: Marise Massen Frainer Diagramação, impressão e acabamento: Triunfal Gráfica e Editora – Assis – SP Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) A512 A América Latina contemporânea : espectros, diversidades e seletividades.
    [Show full text]
  • Latin American Critical Thought Latin American Critical Thought: Theory and Practice / Compilado Por Alberto L
    Jorge Arzate Salgado Este libro contiene una serie de trabajos que desdoblan el sentido Latin American Jorge Arzate Salgado de la pobreza como carencia, es decir, presentan las situaciones Doctor en Sociología (Universidad de Salamanca). Doctor en Sociología (Universidad de Salamanca). de pobreza en tanto que formas de vida. Para la tarea se acude al Docente e investigador en la Facultad de Ciencias Docente e investigador en la Facultad de Ciencias uso de categorías sociológicas como la de clase, género, espacio Critical Thought Políticas y Sociales de la Universidad Autónoma del Políticas y Sociales de la Universidad Autónoma del regional, etnia, estructura social. Cada texto presenta una versión Estado de México. Miembro del Sistema Nacional de Estado de México. Miembro del Sistema Nacional de crítica de lo que es la reproducción de la pobreza, por lo que ésta Investigadores. Ha publicado más de cincuenta Investigadores. Ha publicado más de cincuenta es descentrada de su orden estadístico y es colocada como Theory and Practice trabajos académicos y ha sido conferencista en trabajos académicos y ha sido conferencista en referencia a un sistema de relaciones sociales y económicas diversos países de Iberoamérica. diversos países de Iberoamérica. situadas históricamente. Los actores aparecen no sólo como reproductores pasivos de las situaciones de carencia, sino Alicia B. Gutiérrez Alicia B. Gutiérrez como sujetos activos que construyen su tiempo vital, sus Doctora en Sociología (EHSS) y Doctora en Antropología instituciones sociales y económicas,
    [Show full text]
  • Human Rights in Venezuela Human
    HUMAN RIGHTS IN VENEZUELA A Division of Human Rights Watch HUMAN RIGHTS IN VENEZUELA October 1993 Americas Watch Human Rights Watch New York $$$ Washington $$$ Los Angeles $$$ London Copyright 8 October 1993 by Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 93-80450 ISBN: 1-56432-114-2 AMERICAS WATCH Americas Watch, a division of Human Rights Watch, was established in 1981 to monitor and promote observance of internationally recognized human rights in Latin America and the Caribbean. Peter D. Bell is chair; Stephen L. Kass and Marina Pinto Kaufman are vice chairs; Juan E. Méndez is the executive director; Cynthia Arnson and Anne Manuel are associate directors; Jamie Fellner, Robin Kirk and Clifford C. Rohde are consultants; Mary Jane Camejo and Gretta Tovar Siebentritt are research associates; Vanessa Jiménez and Ben Penglase are associates. HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Human Rights Watch conducts regular, systematic investigations of human rights abuses in some sixty countries around the world. It addresses the human rights practices of governments of all political stripes, of all geopolitical alignments, and of all ethnic and religious persuasions. In internal wars it documents violations by both governments and rebel groups. Human Rights Watch defends freedom of thought and expression, due process of law and equal protection of the law; it documents and denounces murders, disappearances, torture, arbitrary imprisonment, exile, censorship and other abuses of internationally recognized human rights. Human Rights Watch began in 1978 with the founding of Helsinki Watch by a group of publishers, lawyers and other activists and now maintains offices in New York, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, London, Moscow, Belgrade, Bucharest and Hong Kong.
    [Show full text]
  • Degré De Convergence Entre Peuplements De Poissons De Cours D'eau Tropicaux Et Tempérés
    MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE ÉCOLE DOCTORALE "SCIENCES DE LA NATURE ET DE L'HOMME" (ED 227) Année 2007 N° attribué par la Bibliothèque uuuuuuuuuuuu THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DU MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE Discipline: Écologie Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Carla IBANEZ LUNA Le 26 octobre 2007 SUJET DEGRÉ DE CONVERÇENCE ENTRE PEUPLEMENTS DE POISSONS DE COURS D'EAU . TROPICAUX ET TEMPÉRÉS Sous la direction de : Dr. Thierry OBERDORFF JURY Prénom Nom Qualité Lieu d'exercice M. Eric FEUNTEUN Professeur Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Président Mme. Christine ARGILLIER Directrice de Recherche CE!\IAGREF Rapporteur M. Emili GARCIA BERTHOU Professeur Universltat de Girona (Espagne) Rapporteur M. Sébastien BROSSE :\Iaitre de Conférences Université Paul Sabatier Ex~minateur M. Gaël GREl'iOUILLET Maitre de Conférences Unlverslté Paul Sabatier Examlneteur 1\1. Thierry OBERDORFF Directeur de Recherche Antenne IRD - Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Directeur de thèse }I. fa mémoire ae CJWsa Luna. ~ciements Je veux profiter de cette panepour remercier cfiacune des personnes qui, d'une manière ou d'une autre, ont coîlaboré ou m'ont soutenue. Sans elles, cetraoaiîn'auraitpu a6outir. Tout d'.'abord, je soufiaite exprimer ma profonde gratituae à rrhieny 06eraoiffpour tout ce qu'ii m'a enseigné tant sur Ie plan prcfessionneîquepersonnel: Pourses efforts, sa patience et safaçon siparticulière de m'encourager: Sans fui, cette ~fièse n'auraitpas été réalisée. Je remercie Christine )Irgi(fzer; tEmiCi qarda Œertfiou pouravoiraccepté d'être mes rapporteurs. Les mem6res aujury: Eric Teunteun, Sébastien Brosse et qaë{ qrenouiffet. :M. Lecointre, :Mmes Pa{frx.. et Fassa de rtEcofé Doctorale pourm'avoiraidée au niveau administratifdurant ma tfièse.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapa Esquivo Del Ars Poetica Femenina En Venezuela
    Márgara Russotto Pequeña lámpara gemela: mapa esquivo del ars poetica femenina en Venezuela Quién sabe si labraremos —fecunda acción— lo salvaje. Enriqueta Arvelo Larriva, Voz aislada 1 Primer esbozo «in media res» Este trabajo se propone realizar un recorrido histórico por la poesía femenina en Venezuela a partir de un elemento central que la constituye: la reflexión sobre la poesía misma, es decir, la meditación sobre sus formas, técnicas y funciones, con el fin de visibilizar y comprender una tradición de pensamiento crítico y autorre- flexivo pocas veces atribuido a la producción poética femenina por el imaginario androcéntrico. Decimos «pocas veces» porque el discurso crítico tradicional ha subrayado la falta de abstracción en la poesía femenina, destacando su sentimentalismo o extremo erotismo, su reclusión en temas domésticos y familiares, y sobre todo la ausencia de perspectivas simbólicas o intelectuales de amplio alcance. La crítica feminista latinoamericana ha entregado ya contundentes respuestas en relación a estos prejuicios, apuntando a diferentes direcciones. Basta mencionar apenas dos de ellas, porque constituyen campos de investigación abiertos a la interpre- tación literaria y cultural de autoría femenina con perspectiva crítica renovada e independiente. En efecto, si un campo reconfirma el prejuicio subvirtiendo su sentido, otro campo de la crítica se ocupa en deconstruir las complejidades dis- cursivas borradas u omitidas. Así lo muestra, en el primer caso, un temprano artículo de Marta Traba de 1981 valorando dicha subversión y entendiéndola como una fuerza por explotar: Tengo la impresión que la literatura femenina, paternalmente admitida como una expre- sión menor desde las pautas de valor formuladas por los hombres, en cambio de disimular su condición, tratando de desprenderse de sus adherencias con la realidad y alcanzar un buen nivel de abstracciones simbólicas, podría constituirse en un fuerte mediador, si acep- tara y explotara su especificidad.1 1 Marta Traba: «La literatura femenina».
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Rights and Social Movements in the Americas
    Access to History for the IB Diploma Civil rights and social movements in the Americas Vivienne Sanders _156621_AHIB_Civil Rights.indb 1 05/12/2012 12:40 The material in this title has been developed independently of the International Baccalaureate®, which in no way endorses it. The Publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce copyright material: Photo credits: p10 © 2012 Banco de México Diego Rivera Frida Kahlo Museums Trust, Mexico, D.F./DACS. The Art Archive/ National Palace Mexico City/Gianni Dagli Orti; p20 Reuters/Corbis; p23 Credit: ‘So That All Shall Know’. Photo: Daniel Hernández-Salazar © 1992. www.danielhernandezsalazar.blogspot.com; p25 AFP/Getty Images; p60 John E. Phay Collection, Southern Media Archives; p71 Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images; p74 Bettmann/Corbis; p106 Topfoto/AP; p113 Yanker Poster Collection/Library of Congress; p124 akg-images; p130 AFP/Getty Images; p152 Reproduced with the kind permission of Kevin Siers and Kind Features Syndicate; p166 AFP/Getty Images; p179 Bettmann/Corbis; p183 Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images; p210 Bettmann/Corbis; p214 From the private collection of Marjorie Agosin; p229 Yanker Poster Collection/Library of Congress. Acknowledgements are listed on page 252. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the Publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Although every effort has been made to ensure that website addresses are correct at time of going to press, Hodder Education cannot be held responsible for the content of any website mentioned in this book. It is sometimes possible to find a relocated web page by typing in the address of the home page for a website in the URL window of your browser.
    [Show full text]
  • Space, Revolution and Resistance: Ordinary Places and Extraordinary Events in Caracas
    Chapter 7 Space, Revolution and Resistance: Ordinary Places and Extraordinary Events in Caracas Clara Irazabal and John Foley Introduction As discussed in the introduction, many scholars have argued that public space is a prerequisite for the expression, representation, preservation and enhancement of democracy (Boudreau, 2000; Caldeira, 2000; Holston and Appadurai, 1999; Low, 2000; Sassen, 1996; Low and Smith, 2006). This has not been more true than in the capital cities of Latin America in recent decades, where political demonstrations have played a critical role in the demise of totalitarian regimes and the re­ establishment of democracy. Caracas, capital city of Venezuela, is a prime example in that key urban spaces have been sites for popular demonstrations since Hugo Chavez became President in 1998. Public buildings such as the seats of political and military power, and private ones such as headquarters of media corporations functioned as architectural icons and background to these events. While much attention has been paid to the role of social, political, and economic factors in the development of these events (Ellner and Hellinger, 2004; Marquez and Pifiango, 2003; Mendez, 2004; McCaughan, 2004; Santamaria, 2004),1 we know less about the influence of the physical and symbolic dimensions of publiC space.2 We argue that the urban location and context of particular bUl'Id' U1g sand spaces, their accessibility to different groups from various areas of the city, and their relative symbolic value have been critical in the unfolding of political events, especially during the coup d'etat and Chavez's subsequent reinstatement. Space, Revolution and Resistance: Ordinary Places and Extraordinary Events in Caracas 145 Caracas Scapes: Geographical and Socio-Political Fissures Covering 912,050 square kilometres (slightly more than twice the size of California), Venezuela has a relatively small population of 25,375,281 people Ouly 2005 estimates).
    [Show full text]
  • FALL 1995 197 Recent Publications, Materials Received and Current
    FALL 1995 197 Recent Publications, Materials Received and Current Bibliography [The following recent publications noted or received by the Editors of Latin American Theatre Review may prove of interest to the Readers. Inclusion here does not preclude subsequent review.] ADE Teatro 43-44 (1995). Aisenberg, Ana. El baile de la victoria: drama histórico. Buenos Aires: ms., 1995? Andrade, Elba, and Walter Fuentes, eds. Teatro y dictadura en Chile: Antología crítica. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Documentas, 1994. Prólogo de Alfonso Sastre. Arrau C, Sergio. Dirección teatral Caracas: CELCIT, 1992. Azar, Héctor. Altamirano y el teatro. Puebla: Secretaría de Cultura, 1995. Funciones Teatrales. México: Secretaría de Educación Pública, 1982. Memorias personales de Héctor Azar. Teatro al Azar: Dramaturgia de Héctor Azar, (1958-1988). Puebla: Gobierno del Estado de Puebla, 1988. Azor Hernández, Ileana. El neogrotesco argentino: Apuntes para su historia. Caracas: CELCIT, 1994. Azparren Giménez, Leonardo. La máscara y la realidad. Caracas: Editorial Fundarte, 1994. Bixler, Jacqueline. "From Indecency to Ideology: Sociosemiotic Subversion in Secret Obscenities." The Theatre of Marco Antonio de la Parra. Trans. and Ed. Charles Philip Thomas. New York: Peter Lang, 1995. Bonmati, Gregorio. Rodríguez. Caracas: Fundarte, 1988. Caballero, Ana. Rural's Flippers. Buenos Aires: ms., 1995? Cabrujas, José Ignacio. El dia que me quieras, prólogo de Ibsen Martínez; Acto cultural, prólogo de Isaac Chocrón. Caracas: Monte Avila Editores, 1990. Canales, Luis. "A dramaturgia maldita de Nelson Rodrigues." Kenkyu Ronso 9 (1994): 1-7. Carballido, Emilio. Teatro de Emilio Carballido. Veracruz: Veracruz Cultura, 1992. Dos tomos. Carey, Bernardo. Teatro: Monólogos de hoy. Prólogo de Roberto Cossa. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Instituto Movilizador, 1995.
    [Show full text]
  • Transformación Y Resonancia Del Cuento De Hadas En La Vara Mágica
    Artículo de reflexión. Recibido: 15/11/12; aceptado: 13/02/13 aceptado: Artículo 15/11/12; Recibido: de reflexión. Transformación y resonancia del cuento de hadas en La vara mágica de Ida Gramcko y El laberinto del fauno de Guillermo del Toro Joussette Rivodó Universidad Central de Venezuela – Venezuela [email protected] · pp. · pp. 67-89 El artículo expone la manera en que tres poemas y un filme reescriben algu- nas imágenes de la tradición del cuento de hadas. Para ello se analizan algunos aspectos temáticos comunes: el viaje de iniciación de un personaje femenino, la exposición y la intemperie que ese viaje comporta, y los contextos (tanto de género discursivo como estéticos) de cada obra. La reflexión atiende a lo que en 2256-5450 (en línea) 2256-5450 · el cuento crece al pasar por lenguajes diferentes al de la narrativa literaria propia- mente dicha, y a lo que ese juego de intertextos, acompañado por el testimonio de los autores, nos dice sobre el quehacer del creador. Palabras clave: cuento de hadas; tema; viaje iniciático; intemperie; metáfora; horror. 0123-5931 (impreso) (impreso) 0123-5931 Transformation and resonance of the fairy tale in Ida ISSN ISSN · Gramcko’s The magic wand and Guillermo del Toro’s The labyrinth of the faun The article examines the way in which three poems and a movie rewrite certain images taken from the tradition of the fairy tale. To this end, it analyzes a few , n.º 1, enero - junio 2013 - junio , n.º 1, enero common thematic aspects: the voyage of initiation of a female character, the 15 ol.
    [Show full text]
  • A Weapon of Class Conflict
    G Model EXIS 258 No. of Pages 14 The Extractive Industries and Society xxx (2016) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect The Extractive Industries and Society journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/exis Original article Neo-extractivism in Venezuela and Ecuador: A weapon of class conflict Thomas Chiasson-LeBel, PhD candidate* Political Science Department, York University, Ross Building, S633,4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received 15 December 2015 Over the last four decades, the role of the extractive sector in the development models of Venezuela and Received in revised form 15 October 2016 Ecuador has changed significantly. This study examines how class struggle affected the role of rent within Accepted 18 October 2016 three divergent development models: import substitution industrialization (ISI)-corporatist, neoliberal- Available online xxx fragmented, and rentier-controlling. It argues that the attitude of the capitalist class towards the state and the working class was crucial in the transition from the ISI-corporatist model to the neoliberal- Keywords: fragmented model. It led to a process of privatization in the oil industry and competition among Venezuela capitalists for rent. In response to the social consequences of this shift, the left-wing governments Ecuador reclaimed state ownership of hydrocarbon resources and obtained more rent in efforts to recover some Social classes state autonomy. A more unified capitalist class in Venezuela reacted more aggressively to this Development model Neo-extractivism transformation of the social property relations around hydrocarbons, while in contrast, a more divided capitalist class in Ecuador reacted more mildly.
    [Show full text]