DOCSLIB.ORG

Prodoc-GCF-Signed

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prodoc-GCF-Signed Project Document for nationally implemented projects financed by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Project title: Scaling-up Multi-Hazard Early Warning System and the Use of Climate Information in Georgia Country: Georgia Implementing Partner: Ministry of Environmental Protection and Management Arrangements : National Agriculture Implementation Modality (NIM) UNDAF/UNSPS Outcome 8: Communities enjoy greater resilience through enhanced institutional and legislative systems for environment protection, sustainable management of natural resources and disaster risk reduction UNDP Strategic Plan Output: 1.3: Scaled up action on climate change adaptation and mitigation cross sectors which is funded and implemented UNDP Social and Environmental Screening Category: UNDP Gender Marker for the project output: GEN2 moderate as per Annex H Environmental and Social Assessment Report Atlas Project ID (formerly Award ID): 00094354 Atlas Output ID (formerly Project ID): 00098463 UNDP-GEF PIMS ID number: 5846 GCF ID number: FP068 Planned start date: 01/12/2018 Planned end date: 30/11/2025 PAC meeting date: 08/11/2018 Brief project description: Due to the complex mountainous terrain and climate, Georgia is subject to both geological and hydro- meteorological hazards. According to Georgia’s 2nd and 3rd National Communications and other studies1, under climate change the frequency, intensity and geographical spread of extreme hydrometeorological hazards will increase. Georgia’s INDC estimates economic losses from climate-induced hazards without adaptation measures for the period 2021-2030 to be $US 10-12 billion, while the cost of adaptation measures is estimated to be 1.5-2 billion USD2. To date, hydrometeorological hazard risk management has relied on the limited and expensive hard structural protection measures; emergency response with limited reliance on forecasts and early warning of the population; post event compensation and relocation of victims, resulting in eco-migrants; and post event recovery and risk reduction. In order to adapt to climate change, Georgia needs to adopt a proactive integrated climate risk management (CRM) approach centred around risk reduction, prevention, and preparedness through the establishment of a multi-hazard early warning system and an enhanced use of climate information in planning and decision-making across all sectors. This GCF project will address the main barriers to the establishment of a multi-hazard early warning system (MHEWS) and all other aspects of a priori climate risk management required to support an effective MHEWS. 1 World Bank project: Reducing the Vulnerability of Georgia’s Agricultural Systems to Climate Change; USAID/GLOWS project: Integrated Natural Resources Management in Watersheds of Georgia; Regional Climate Change Impacts for the South Caucasus Region’ funded through ENVSEC (Environmental Security) initiative and commissioned by UNDP 2 Georgia’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution submission to the UNFCCC 1 | P a g e I. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................... 3 II. Development Challenge ..................................................................................................................................... 4 III. Strategy .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 IV. Results and Partnerships.................................................................................................................................. 11 V. Project Management ....................................................................................................................................... 20 VI. Project Results Framework .............................................................................................................................. 22 VII. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Plan ........................................................................................................... 29 VIII. Governance and Management Arrangements ................................................................................................ 37 IX. Financial Planning and Management ............................................................................................................... 44 X. Total Budget and Work Plan ............................................................................................................................ 47 XI. Legal Context ................................................................................................................................................... 77 XII. Risk Management ............................................................................................................................................ 78 XIII. Mandatory Annexes ......................................................................................................................................... 80 Annex A: GCF Funding Activity Agreement and Notice of Effectiveness ................................................................ 81 Annex B: GCF Board approved GCF Funding Proposal ............................................................................................ 82 Annex C: Letter of agreement between the Implementing Partner and Responsible Parties ................................ 83 Annex D: Letters of co-financing ............................................................................................................................. 84 Annex E: Timetable of project implementation ...................................................................................................... 85 Annex F: Procurement plan ..................................................................................................................................... 86 Annex G: Terms of References for Project Board and Project Team ...................................................................... 87 Annex H: UNDP Social and Environmental and Safeguards screening procedure (SESP) and Environmental and Social Assessment Report (ESAR) .......................................................................................................................... 109 Annex I: Stakeholder Engagement Plan ................................................................................................................ 114 Annex J: Gender Analysis and Action Plan ............................................................................................................ 131 Annex K: UNDP Risk Log ........................................................................................................................................ 154 Annex L: LOA with the government in case DPCs are applied .............................................................................. 159 Annex M: Capacity Assessment including HACT micro assessment ...................................................................... 161 Annex N: Learning and Knowledge Management ................................................................................................ 162 Annex O: UNDP Project Quality Assurance Report ............................................................................................... 166 3 | P a g e II. DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE 2.1/ Country Situation and Development Context Climate Change (CC) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) context. Georgia, as a country with transitional economy has undergone notable social-economic and political transformation since 2003. Despite the notable economic growth since 2003 poverty levels, particularly in rural areas, and income inequality, remains high. 43% of the population lives in rural areas, and 56% of people are engaged in mainly subsistence agriculture. Due to the diverse and complex terrain of the Caucasus mountains and the influence of the Black Sea and Caspian Sea on the climate and weather of the region, Georgia faces a number of climate-induced hazards including floods and flash floods, climate-induced geological hazards (including landslides, mudflow, debris flows), droughts, soil erosion, severe winds, hailstorms and avalanches. There is a growing evidence that the frequency of climate-induced natural disasters and associated damages have been increasing over the past decades. According to Georgia’s 2nd and 3rd National Communications to the UNFCCC, under climate change the frequency, intensity and geographical spread of extreme hydro meteorological hazards will increase, and may result in significant impacts on key sectors including agriculture, health, critical infrastructure, tourism and protection of culture heritage, environment, natural resources and ecosystems. Georgia’s NDC (Nationally Determined Contribution) to the UNFCCC underlines the problem of intensifying climate-induced extreme events and states that the “establishment of Early Warning Systems for climate related extreme events is considered as priority measure by the Government”. It also states that without international support the country is unable to deal with negative impacts of the climate change. CC scenarios show more extremes as prolonged rainfall events, concentrated in a short period of time with the potential to generate more runoff during these short periods, thereby increasing the potential for flash flooding (due to high peak river flows), mudflows and landslides. The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GEORGIA Handbook on Transparency and Citizen Participation
    GEORGIA Handbook on Transparency and Citizen Participation Council of Europe Original: Handbook on Transparency and Citizen Participation in Georgia (English version) The opinions expressed in this work are the responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. The reproduction of extracts (up to 500 words) is authorised, except for commercial purposes as long as the integrity of the text is preserved, the excerpt is not used out of context, does not provide incomplete information or does not otherwise mislead the reader as to the nature, scope or content of the text. The source text must always be acknowledged as follows All other requests concerning the reproduction/translation of all or part of the document, should be addressed to the Directorate of Communications, Council of Europe (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or [email protected]). All other requests concerning this publication should be addressed to the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe. Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe Cover design and layout: RGOLI F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex France © Council of Europe, December 2020 E-mail: [email protected] (2nd edition) Acknowledgements This Handbook on Transparency and Citizen Participation in Georgia was developed by the (2015-2017) in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus. It was implemented as part of the Partnership for Good Governance 2015-2017 between the Council of Europe and the European Union. The research work and writing of this updated edition was carried out by the Institute for Development of Freedom of Information (IDFI), a Georgian non-governmental organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Some Biological Data of Sycamore Lace Bug – Corythucha Ciliate Say (Heteroptera, Tingidae) in Georgia
    Accepted Manuscript Distribution and some biological data of sycamore lace bug – Corythucha ciliate say (Heteroptera, Tingidae) in Georgia A. Supatashvili, N. Goginashvili, M. Kereselidze PII: S1512-1887(16)00009-9 DOI: 10.1016/j.aasci.2016.03.003 Reference: AASCI 8 To appear in: Annals of Agrarian Sciences Received Date: 25 January 2016 Accepted Date: 22 February 2016 Please cite this article as: A. Supatashvili, N. Goginashvili, M. Kereselidze, Distribution and some biological data of sycamore lace bug – Corythucha ciliate say (Heteroptera, Tingidae) in Georgia, Annals of Agrarian Sciences (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.aasci.2016.03.003. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Annals of Agrarian Science vol. 14, no. 1, 2016 Distribution and some biological data of sycamore lace bug – Corythucha ciliate say (Heteroptera, Tingidae) in Georgia A. Supatashvili, N. Goginashvili, M. Kereselidze Agricultural University of Georgia, Vasil Gulisashvili Forestry Institute 240 David Aghmashenebeli Alley, Tbilisi, 0159, Georgia Received 25 January 2016; Accepted 22 February 2016 Corresponding author: A.Supatashvili, [email protected] Abstract The article describes invasion of the dangerous pest, sycamore lace bug Corytucha ciliata from Krasnodar District and its spread all over Georgia.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulatory and Procedural Barriers to Trade in Georgia: Needs Assessment
    Regulatory and Procedural Barriers to Trade in Georgia Needs Assessment UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Regulatory and Procedural Barriers to Trade in Georgia: Needs Assessment United Nations New York and Geneva, 2018 2 Regulatory and Procedural Barriers to Trade in Georgia: Needs Assessment Note The designation employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers of boundaries. This study is issued in English. ECE/TRADE/443 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No.: E.18.II.E.26 ISBN: 978-92-1-117173-0 e-ISBN: 978-92-1-047321-7 Copyright © 2018 United Nations All rights reserved worldwide United Nations publication issued by the Economic Commission for Europe Foreword 3 Foreword Georgia has consistently followed a liberal trade regime, which is geared towards achieving the twin objective of creating efficiency gains for the business community and integrating the economy into regional and global value chains. In 2018, the Government was in the process of intensifying reforms, with a special emphasis on fulfilling its commitments under the Association Agreement with the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States. Aware of the complexities of these reforms and the steep learning curve they carry for enterprises, the Government has been pursuing a phased approach. Implementation of reforms is spread across several years, with those sectors requiring intensive support accorded priority treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • GEORGIA Second Edition March 2010
    WHO DOES WHAT WHERE IN DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IN GEORGIA Second edition March 2010 Georgian National Committee of Disaster Risk Reduction & Environment Sustainable Development FOREWORD Georgia is a highly disaster-prone country, which frequently experiences natural hazards (e.g. earthquakes, floods, landslides, mudflows, avalanches, and drought) as well as man-made emergencies (e.g. industrial accidents and traffic accidents). Compounding factors such as demographic change, unplanned urbanization, poorly maintained infrastructure, lax enforcement of safety standards, socio-economic inequities, epidemics, environmental degradation and climate variability amplify the frequency and intensity of disasters and call for a proactive and multi-hazard approach. Disaster risk reduction is a cross-cutting and complex development issue. It requires political and legal commitment, public understanding, scientific knowledge, careful development planning, responsible enforcement of policies and legislation, people-centred early warning systems, and effective disaster preparedness and response mechanisms. Close collaboration of policy-makers, scientists, urban planners, engineers, architects, development workers and civil society representatives is a precondition for adopting a comprehensive approach and inventing adequate solutions. Multi-stakeholder and inter-agency platforms can help provide and mobilize knowledge, skills and resources required for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into development policies, for coordination of planning and programmes,
    [Show full text]
  • Reserved Domains
    Countries: (.ge; .edu.ge; .org.ge; .net.ge; .pvt.ge; .school.ge) afghanistan cameroon ghana lebanon nigeria spain zambia albania canada greece lesotho norway srilanka zimbabwe algeria centralafricanrepublic grenada liberia oman sudan andorra chad guatemala libya pakistan suriname angola chile guinea liechtenstein palau swaziland antiguaandbarbuda china guinea-bissau lithuania palestina sweden argentina colombia guyana luxembourg panama switzerland armenia comoros haiti macau papuanewguinea syria aruba congo honduras macedonia paraguay taiwan australia costarica hongkong madagascar peru tajikistan austria croatia hungary malawi philippines tanzania azerbaijan cuba iceland malaysia poland thailand bahama curacao india maldives portugal timor-leste bahrain cyprus indonesia mali qatar togo bangladesh czechia iran malta romania tonga barbados denmark iraq marshallislands russia trinidadandtobago belarus djibouti ireland mauritania rwanda tunisia belgium dominica israel mauritius saintlucia turkey belize dominicanrepublic italy mexico samoa turkmenistan benin ecuador jamaica micronesia sanmarino tuvalu bhutan egypt japan moldova saudiarabia uganda birma elsalvador jordan monaco senegal ukraine bolivia equatorialguinea kazakhstan mongolia serbia unitedarabemirates bosniaandherzegovina eritrea kenya montenegro seychelles uk botswana estonia kiribati morocco sierraleone england brazil ethiopia northkorea mozambique singapore unitedkingdom brunei fiji korea namibia sintmaarten uruguay bulgaria finland southkorea nauru slovakia uzbekistan burkinafaso
    [Show full text]
  • Realizing the Urban Potential in Georgia: National Urban Assessment
    REALIZING THE URBAN POTENTIAL IN GEORGIA National Urban Assessment ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK REALIZING THE URBAN POTENTIAL IN GEORGIA NATIONAL URBAN ASSESSMENT ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2016 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2016. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9257-352-2 (Print), 978-92-9257-353-9 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. RPT168254 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development Bank. Realizing the urban potential in Georgia—National urban assessment. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2016. 1. Urban development.2. Georgia.3. National urban assessment, strategy, and road maps. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. This publication was finalized in November 2015 and statistical data used was from the National Statistics Office of Georgia as available at the time on http://www.geostat.ge The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf | 281.89 Kb
    USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO GEORGIA 40° E 42° E 44° E The46° boundariesE and names used on this map Majkop do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the U.S. Government. Caspian GEORGIA Cherkessk Sea N N 44° 44° Kuban' T'bilisi & Affected Areas Karachayevsk RUSSIA CARE a Psou E !0 !0 Counterpart Int. a 0 Nal'chik FAO A ! Gagra Bzyb' Groznyy !0 Pskhu UMCOR a Novvy Afon Nazran Pitsunda !0 "ABKHAZIA" Omarishara UNICEF J Lata Mestia Gudauta!0 0 Sukhumi Kodori Inguri WFP ! Vladikavkaz Otap USAID/GeorgiaRUSSIA a !0 Khaishi Kvemo-gulripsh Lentekhi WFP a EF !0 Tkvarcheli Dzhvari RACHA-LECHKHUMI- Terek KVEMO SVANETI Ochamchira Gali Tsalenjhikha World Vision a Khvanchkara Rioni MTSKHETA- Achilo Pichori Zugdidi SAMEGRELO- Kvaisi Mleta ZEMO Ambrolauri MTIANETI Various a Pasanauri Alazani Khobi Tskhaltubo Tkibuli "SOUTH OSSETIA" Anaklia SVANETI Aragvi Qvirila SHIDA KARTLI Various E a BLACK Senaki Kurta Artani Rioni Samtredia Kutaisi Chiatura Tskhinvali Poti IMERETI Lanchkhuti Rioni !0 Akhalgori KAKHETI RUSSIA SEA Chokhatauri Zestafoni Khashuri N Supsa Baghdati Dusheti N 42° Kareli Akhmeta Kvareli 42° Ozurgeti Gori Kaspi Borzhomi Lagodekhi Kobuleti GURIA Bakhmaro Borjomi TBILISI Telavi Abastumani Mtskheta Gurdzhaani Belokany Atskuri T'bilisi Î! Batumi 0 AJARIA Iori ! Vale Akhaltsikhe Zakataly Khulo Rustavi Keda KVEMO KARTLI Tsnori Bolnisi !0 Akhalkalaki Marneuli Dedoplis Tsqaro SAMTSKHE-JAVAKHETI Dmanisi KEY Iori Coruh Ninotsminda Kura USAID/OFDA DoD State/EUR/ACE Mingachever !0 !0 Resevoir A AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY Rize a EMERGENCY RELIEF SUPPLIES TURKEY ARMENIA Kars EMERGENCY FOOD COMMODITIES AZERBAIJAN E LOGISTICS & TRANSPORTATION Arteni Lake INFORM NUTRITION IC AT F Sevan PH IO A N Î! R G U N O Yerevan E I WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE T J 0 30 60 mi G Firat Aras N U N 8/27/08 S A 40° A 40°D 0 30 60 90 km I F D O 40° E 42° E 44° E 46° E / D C H A /.
    [Show full text]
  • Creation of the End Product of Oceanographic Data of the Georgian Black Sea Area
    CREATION OF THE END PRODUCT OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA OF THE GEORGIAN BLACK SEA AREA Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kakhaber Bilashvili, Prof. Dr. Vakhtang Gvakharia, Dr. Nino Machitadze, MS Zurab Savaneli, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vazha Trapaidze All Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 1, Il.Chavchavadze Av., 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia [email protected] ABSTRACT The Black Sea coastal zone of Georgia is especially valuable for its natural conditions and economic function. Concerning to the implementation of requirements of EU-Georgia Association Agreement the main guiding document regarding the marine environment is The Marine Strategy Framework Directive – MSFD which came into force on July 15, 2008. The goal of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is to achieve or maintain Good Environmental Status – GES in marine waters of Europe (including Black Sea) not later than 2020 year. The paper deals with the realization of the requirements and approaches of MSFD in the part which refers to making inventory, classification and visualization of the current oceanographic databases. Keywords: MSFD, marine cruise data, visualization, sediment chemistry, Black Sea INTRODUCTION The Directive (conceptually linking with EU Water Frame work Directive - WFD) envisages elaboration of such approach which provides protection of the marine biota and minimization of pollution, and at the same time, the marine resources should be used by the society in the stable manner. To solve such controversy tasks, the integrated analyze of system is required which is provided by Ecosystem Approach - EcAp. Such approach is the cornerstone of the European marine strategy, shows the importance of relationship between society and ecosystem and creates the precondition of Ecosystem-based marine environment management.
    [Show full text]
  • Causes of War Prospects for Peace
    Georgian Orthodox Church Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung CAUSES OF WAR PROS P E C TS FOR PEA C E Tbilisi, 2009 1 On December 2-3, 2008 the Holy Synod of the Georgian Orthodox Church and the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung held a scientific conference on the theme: Causes of War - Prospects for Peace. The main purpose of the conference was to show the essence of the existing conflicts in Georgia and to prepare objective scientific and information basis. This book is a collection of conference reports and discussion materials that on the request of the editorial board has been presented in article format. Publishers: Metropolitan Ananya Japaridze Katia Christina Plate Bidzina Lebanidze Nato Asatiani Editorial board: Archimandrite Adam (Akhaladze), Tamaz Beradze, Rozeta Gujejiani, Roland Topchishvili, Mariam Lordkipanidze, Lela Margiani, Tariel Putkaradze, Bezhan Khorava Reviewers: Zurab Tvalchrelidze Revaz Sherozia Giorgi Cheishvili Otar Janelidze Editorial board wishes to acknowledge the assistance of Irina Bibileishvili, Merab Gvazava, Nia Gogokhia, Ekaterine Dadiani, Zviad Kvilitaia, Giorgi Cheishvili, Kakhaber Tsulaia. ISBN 2345632456 Printed by CGS ltd 2 Preface by His Holiness and Beatitude Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia ILIA II; Opening Words to the Conference 5 Preface by Katja Christina Plate, Head of the Regional Office for Political Dialogue in the South Caucasus of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung; Opening Words to the Conference 8 Abkhazia: Historical-Political and Ethnic Processes Tamaz Beradze, Konstantine Topuria, Bezhan Khorava - A
    [Show full text]
  • The Peculiarities in the Development and Changes in the Subtropical Agricultural Landscapes (In Western Georgia)
    IAR Journal of Agriculture Research and Life Sciences ISSN Print : 2708-5090 | ISSN Online : 2708-5104 Frequency : Monthly Language : English Origin : Kenya Website : https://www.iarconsortium.org/journal-info/iarjals Review Article The peculiarities in the development and changes in the subtropical agricultural landscapes (in western Georgia) Article History Abstract: The article points out natural and anthropogenic factors contributing to the formation, development and alteration of agricultural landscapes in western Georgia, Received: 26.01. 2021 specifically, in the Colkheti coastal plain and the adjacent hilly foothill zone, where Revision: 08. 02. 2021 subtropical agriculture used to be heavily developed (tea and citrus plantations, etc.). The Accepted: 19. 02 .2021 former state-owned tea farm zone in the borough of Laituri, Ozurgeti municipality, Guria Published: 28. 02. 2021 was selected as the study location. GIS technologies were applied to digitalize the 1960 Author Details landscape map of the zone and create its new version (1:50 000) as of 2017 based on the topographical map of 1960 (1:50 000), satellite images and field observations (2010-2017). Elene Salukvazde * and Tamila Chaladze The analysis of the Laituri 1960 and 2017 landscape showed that 66% of tea plantations Authors Affiliations have been amortized and degraded: they have gone wild and are overtaken by weeds. Due to TSU Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography, high costs involved, only 10% of the area was cleared to cultivate hazel nuts, blue Georgia huckleberry and persimmon. 24% of tea plantations survive to varying degrees and are currently harvested. Corresponding Author* Elene Salukvazde Keywords: Agricultural landscapes, western Georgia, subtropical agriculture, tea culture, GIS technology.
    [Show full text]
  • 2Nd RW- Georgia Project Implementation Presentation
    Program Implementation Area # N # # # # W E # # S # a # # # # e # # # S # k # # # # # # c # # # a # l # # # # B i # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # Terjola District 40 0 40 80 Kilometers Black sea Tbilisi River Khobistskali Basin # Cities West and East Georgia Border District borders Program Implementation Basin # N # er riv a li # k W E its # Tsalenjikha ob Kh # r e v i r # i l S a Choga river k s t s i n # # a r e h iv Ckhorotsku C r i ur m a kh h c O # a Rivers # e Khobi # Khobi District # TsalenjikhaDistrict S # #ChkhorotskuDistrict k # VillageMeoreChoga c # # Cities a l # BlackSea # B District Borders # # # 5 0 5 10 #15 20 Km Demonstration, introduction and dissemination of biological methods for protection of plants from pests. Damaged Tomato Protected Tomato Demonstration, introduction and dissemination of biological methods for protection of plants from pests. Damaged Maize Protected Maize Demonstration, introduction and dissemination of ecologically justified methods for protection of soils against erosion. Soil Erosion Demonstration, introduction and dissemination of ecologically justified methods for protection of soils against erosion. Soil Erosion Control Arrangement of manure storage facilities Manure was collected near river bank Arrangement of manure storage facilities Manure Storage Facilities Arrangement of bio gas digesters Arrangement of bio gas digesters MANAGEMENT OF PROCESS MANURE Tomato, June 2003 Control Biomass (BD) + 20 % MPK MANAGEMENT OF PROCESS MANURE
    [Show full text]
  • Discordant Neighbours Ii CONTENTS Eurasian Studies Library
    CONTENTS i Discordant Neighbours ii CONTENTS Eurasian Studies Library Editors-in-Chief Sergei Bogatyrev School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London Dittmar Schorkowitz Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle/Saale, Germany Board Members ildikó bellér-hann – paul bushkovitch – peter finke geoffrey hosking – mikhail khodarkovsky marlène laruelle – virginia martin david schimmelpenninck van der oye – willard sunderland VOLUME 3 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/esl CONTENTS iii Discordant Neighbours A Reassessment of the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian Conflicts By George Hewitt LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Coveriv illustration: Whilst the map on the front-coverCONTENTS delineates the frontiers of the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, the areas in green represent the republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia as recognised by Russia (26 August 2008) and five other UN member-states; red indicates the territory subject to the writ of the Georgian government and thus the reduced frontiers of today’s Republic of Georgia. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hewitt, B. G. Discordant neighbours : a reassessment of the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South- Ossetian conflicts / by George Hewitt. pages cm. -- (Eurasian studies library, ISSN 1877-9484 ; volume 3) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-24892-2 (hardback : acid-free paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-24893-9 (e-book) 1. Georgia (Republic)--Relations--Georgia--Abkhazia. 2. Georgia (Republic)--Relations--Georgia-- South Ossetia. 3. Abkhazia (Georgia)--Relations--Georgia (Republic) 4. South Ossetia (Georgia)-- Relations--Georgia (Republic) 5. Ethnic conflict--Georgia. 6. Georgia (Republic)--Ethnic relations. 7. Georgia (Republic)--History--1991- 8.
    [Show full text]