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Distribution and Some Biological Data of Sycamore Lace Bug – Corythucha Ciliate Say (Heteroptera, Tingidae) in Georgia

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Distribution and Some Biological Data of Sycamore Lace Bug – Corythucha Ciliate Say (Heteroptera, Tingidae) in Georgia Accepted Manuscript Distribution and some biological data of sycamore lace bug – Corythucha ciliate say (Heteroptera, Tingidae) in Georgia A. Supatashvili, N. Goginashvili, M. Kereselidze PII: S1512-1887(16)00009-9 DOI: 10.1016/j.aasci.2016.03.003 Reference: AASCI 8 To appear in: Annals of Agrarian Sciences Received Date: 25 January 2016 Accepted Date: 22 February 2016 Please cite this article as: A. Supatashvili, N. Goginashvili, M. Kereselidze, Distribution and some biological data of sycamore lace bug – Corythucha ciliate say (Heteroptera, Tingidae) in Georgia, Annals of Agrarian Sciences (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.aasci.2016.03.003. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Annals of Agrarian Science vol. 14, no. 1, 2016 Distribution and some biological data of sycamore lace bug – Corythucha ciliate say (Heteroptera, Tingidae) in Georgia A. Supatashvili, N. Goginashvili, M. Kereselidze Agricultural University of Georgia, Vasil Gulisashvili Forestry Institute 240 David Aghmashenebeli Alley, Tbilisi, 0159, Georgia Received 25 January 2016; Accepted 22 February 2016 Corresponding author: A.Supatashvili, [email protected] Abstract The article describes invasion of the dangerous pest, sycamore lace bug Corytucha ciliata from Krasnodar District and its spread all over Georgia. The main biological aspects of the pest are studied: flight of imago, laying of eggs, life of nymphs, forms of damage and their estimation according to 5-grade scale. We also measured all phases of the pest (50 specimensMANUSCRIPT each) by means of the microscope“ МБС -1” 8x with diopter scale. We established the difference of male and female imago of the Georgian population of the pest according to the form of abdomen. The abdomen of female is rounded, and the end of the male’s abdomen is rather tapered. Financial support from the government is necessary, similarly to other countries, for the control of the pest, comprehensive study of sycamore lace bug Corythucha ciliata Say - serious pest of city plantings of plane tree for safe biological control of the pest in Georgia. Keywords: Pest, Flight of imago, Laying of eggs, Life of nymphs, Forms of damage 1. Introduction The native North American Insect C. ciliate quickly spread in the south of Russia [3]. In emerged in Europe (originally in Italy) in the 2008 we found a sycamore lace bug in the sixties of the ACCEPTEDXX centuries;since that it Western Georgia, which reached the border of quickly spread all over Europe and became the the Western and Eastern Georgia [4]. Since pest of a plane tree in city plantings and 2009 we carried out researches on expansion protective strips. At the very end of the XX of area of the sycamore lace bug, which century, in 1997 it was detected for the first yielded strange result on formation of rates of time in Russia, in Krasnodar [1, 2], then distribution and expansion of its area. In 2009- 1 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2010 the distribution area of sycamore lace were carried out in Western Georgia, in bug extendedvery much. The pest is met Zugdidi and Khobi districts. Adult individuals already in Eastern Georgia as well. As it was (imago) of a sycamore lace bug overwinter noted early in the initial distribution of the under loose bark, in bark cracks, structure etc. sycamore lace bug in the Western Georgia 2-3 [4]. After expansion of the area of sycamore pieces of imago was on one leaf of a plane lace bug we collected the material (plane tree tree, then in parallel with increasing its leaves together with imago) at the beginning number some tens per leaf were already of summer (May - June) and transferred to counted; in Eastern Georgia its distribution laboratory for specification of biological began from 1-3 specimens per leaf. As the aspects. Russian scientists noted, abiotic and biotic In Russia the sycamore lace bug damages factors have an effect during the active life of generally Platanus orientalis L. In Georgia the the pest - heavy precipitation and high oriental plane (Platanus orientalis L. ) grows temperatures together cause high mortality of in a large number; Platanus acirifolia and nymph and imago, as the total number of the Platanus digitata in rather small quantity, but pest on leaves sharply decreases [5]. besides a plane tree species, sycamore lace In 2008 in the early spring (in April) the bug is met on all types of trees. researches of the invasive pest of a plane tree 2. Objectives and methods In 2009-2011 the material in number of in the collection of the Department of forest more than one thousand specimens was protection of the Institute. collected: in the Western Georgia in the cities MANUSCRIPTFor the census of the pest - imago, nymphs - Zugdidi, Khobi, Poti, Sachkhere, Zestaponi; and ovipositors - we used 5-grade scale of in East Georgia - Khashuri, Borjomi, Okami, damage [6]: 0 grade – a leaf is not damaged; 1 Tbilisi, Sagarejo, Marneuli, Bolnisi. grade - weak damage (about 5 % of total We also carried out observation of surface of leaf is damaged); 2 grade - emergence and leaving for wintering in nature appreciable damage (from 5 % to 25 % of leaf (in vicinities of Tbilisi), as the pest already surface is damaged); 3 grade – moderate spread all over Georgia. Some biological damage (from 25 % to 50 % of leaf surface is aspects were noted in the observations in the damaged); 4 grade – severe damage (from 50 field, and in vitro at Vasil Gulisashvili % to 75 % of leaf surface is damaged); 5 Forestry Institute in the Department of forest grade - very severe damage (more than 75 % protection. of leaf surface is damaged). The different The collected material - all phases of phases of the pest are studied and measured. development of Corythuchaciliata - are stored 3. Results andACCEPTED Analysis In the first year (2008), after detection of all Georgia and when we found this bug, in sycamore lace bug on leaves of a plane tree up some places up to 120 specimens of imago on to 3-4 specimens of imago were detected, and a leaf were found on leaves of a plane tree - in the second and third years this pest swept September 2010 (Fig. 1). 2 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Nymphs and adult individuals of the bug are concentrated, and then their activity suck leaves of plane trees, maples and ash- proceeds on the whole leaf, and from the trees. In case of their big number on foliage, in midsummer as a result of severe damage a leaf the first summer months the yellowing of of the plane tree discolors to brown (Fig. 2), foliage begins, usually in interveinalspaces then it grows brown (Fig. 3) and falls. near large veins, where individuals of the bug Fig. 1. Imago on the undersideMANUSCRIPT of leaf Sycamore lace bug in the Western Georgia from wintering the imago of bugs begins to emerges from wintering in the first decade of eat (suck) from the underside of a leaf of a April and begins wintering at the end of plane tree, then mating pairs. September- in October. After the emergence ACCEPTED Fig. 2. Leaf discolored to brown Fig. 3. Brown leaf begins laying eggs; oviposition proceeds all ♀and males - ♂ differ from each other (Fig. 4, summer. Adult forms of the bug - females - 5). 3 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Severe long-term damages can lead to permanent declining and dying of trees. Fig. 4. Female bug ( ♀) Fig. 5. Male bug ( ♂) Female’s abdomen is thick and round, and minimum 3.5 mm) and width 1.867 mm, male’s abdomen is narrower on the end, average length ♂ is 3.51 (maximum 3.75, and genitals are seen in a microscope. minimum 3.25 mm) and width - 1.672 mm. We measured 50 specimens of different Egg- average length 0.533, and width 0.18 phases of the sycamore lace bug by means of mm. The average width of egg cover is 0.11 microscope MBS-1 8 х with an eyepiece with MANUSCRIPTmm. diopter lens and a scale. Larva- the instar-I: average length of a Imago – According to the materials of body 0.25 and width 0.18 mm, the instar-II: Pericart [3] and Kalinkin, Golub, Mazeeva [6], average length of a body 1.13 and width 0.5 are quite small: length of a body 3.3 – 3.7; mm, the instar-IV: average length of a body width - 1.8-2 mm. 1.52 and width 0.74 mm, the instar-V: average According to our data, the average length length of a body 1.72 and width 1.11 mm (Fig. of a body ♀ is 3.687 mm (maximum 3.85 and 6). ACCEPTED 4 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Fig. 6.Larva and 3 specimens of imago On 21.04.2010 we took just overwintered 5 forms lived 30-34 days. After oviposition specimens of live imago of sycamore lace bug nymphs hatched - the phase of nymph of the from the field material of the Western Georgia first generation lasted 16-27 days, then in a (Khobi) and placed in rearing cages. We fed stretched mode the adult forms (imago) of the them with new branches of plane tree leaves; pest emerged. We removed withered leaves the bugs ate and females began laying eggs and placed in rearing cages young branches (up to 20 eggs was in one group) (Fig.
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