Strategi Peningkatan Investasi Pedesaan Dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian Desa Di Provinsi Riau

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Strategi Peningkatan Investasi Pedesaan Dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian Desa Di Provinsi Riau STRATEGI PENINGKATAN INVESTASI PEDESAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN DESA DI PROVINSI RIAU Oleh Khairul Rahman Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan Fisipol UIR Email : [email protected] ABSTRAK The village is a governance structure that strengthens the State of Indonesia, in addition to the largest population in the village, livelihood was apparently made an enormous contribution to the independence of this nation. Reality is now the village is the weak link that should get the attention of government. During these rural areas are characterized among other things by the low level of labor productivity, there are still high levels of poverty, and the poor quality of rural residential environment. One way that can be done to solve some of the problems in rural areas by creating strategies that increase in rural investment to rural resource management in improving the rural economy. The main problem in this research is How the Strategy to Increase Investment in Enhancing Rural Economy Village in the province of Riau. This type of research used in this research is descriptive. This research is quantitative descriptive part of the present stage of the further observation that led to the role of statistical techniques. The location of this study covers 7 districts in Riau province namely Sengingi Regency Kuantan, Indragiri Hulu, Kampar, Pelalawan, Rokan Hulu, Rokan Hilir and Siak. Results of the study found, there is a common strategy and specific strategies to increase rural investment rural resource management in improving the rural economy Keywords : Strategy , Investment , Village Latar Belakang tujuan akhir yang telah digariskan sebagai Dalam penyelenggaraan cita-cita bersama. Jadi keberadaan desa pemerintahannya daerah Indonesia terdiri selama ini memiliki posisi yang penting atas beberapa daerah/wilayah Provinsi dan baik sebagai alat mencapai tujuan setiap daerah/wilayah Provinsi terdiri atas pembangunan nasional ataupun sebagai beberapa daerah Kabupaten/Kota. lembaga yang memperkuat struktur Selanjutnya pada setiap daerah pemerintahan Negara Indonesia. Kabupaten/Kota terdapat satuan Melihat pentingnya kedudukan pemerintahan terendah yang disebut Desa desa di Indonesia ternyata tidak sejalan dan Kelurahan. dengan Realita saat ini, dimana desa Desa merupakan bagian yang tidak merupakan mata rantai terlemah yang terpisahkan dari sistem pemerintahan di perlu mendapatkan perhatian dari Indonesia. Desa merupakan mata rantai pemerintah. Selama ini kawasan dari sistem pemerintahan nasional yang perdesaan dicirikan antara lain oleh bermula dari sistem pemerintahan pusat, rendahnya tingkat produktivitas tenaga daerah dan Desa yang merupakan mata kerja, masih tingginya tingkat kemiskinan, rantai yang terakhir. Dikatakan oleh dan rendahnya kualitas lingkungan Wasistiono (Dalam Rauf, 2010 : 45) Desa pemukiman pedesaan. Desa merupakan merupakan pertautan terakhir dengan ujung tombak pembangunan di Indonesia. masyarakat yang akan membawanya ke Selain jumlah penduduk terbesar berada di 162 desa, mata pencarian pun ternyata meningkatkan perekonomian pedesaan memberikan sumbangsih besar bagi merupakan langkah yang tepat untuk kemandirian bangsa ini. mengatasi masalah pembangunan di Masih banyaknya masalah pedesaan khususnya di Provinsi Riau. perdesaanm yang perlu mendapatkan Mengutip pendapat Nutt dan Backoff perhatian seperti masalah pengangguran, (dalam Muhammad, 2012 : 64) kemiskianan, ketimpangan distribusi merumuskan langkah sederhana dalam pendapatan, ketidak seimbangan struktur melakukan manajemen strategi suatu ataupun keterbelakngan pendidikan, organisasi pemerintah yang proses Kenyataan ini telah membuktikan desainnya ditunjukkan dalam enam meskipun desa memiliki dua sumber daya tahapan, yaitu : Konteks sejarah, Penilaian penting yaitu sumber daya manusia dan situasi, Agenda isu strategis, Opsi sumber daya alam, tetapi kesatuan strategis, Penilaian kelayakan; dan masyarakat pedesaan tersebut tidak Implementasi strategi. mampu mengubah potensi yang Negara sebagai agen perubahan dimilikinya menjadi sebauh kekuatan untuk meingkatkan investasi masyarakat nyata guna memenuhi kebutuhan sendiri. berjalan lancar maka ada beberapa Desa sepertinya tidak lagi mampu menjadi kebijakan yang perlu dibangun oleh tempat hidup dan penghidupan yang layak pemerintah yakni: kemanan investasi, bagi warganya. Indikatornya adalah pemerintah harus menyediakan semakin banyaknya warga desa yang infrastruktur yang lengkap, seperti jalan, bermigrasi ke kota-kota besar untuk listrik (elektrifikasi), pasokan gas untuk mencari penghidupan yang lebih baik. industri dalam negeri, kurangi dan Pada dekade tahun tujuh puluhan, hilangkan kesenjangan regional antara Schumacher dalam bukunya Small is daerah satu dengan daerah yang lain, buat Beautiful (Dalam Wasistiono dan Irwan daerah dan pedesaan yang ada lebih Tahir, 2006 : 3) telah mengingatkan menarik para investor, sebarkan investasi bahwa persoalan pokok yang dihadapi yang berasal dari dalam dan luar negri, Negara-negara berkembang terletak pada berikan insentif yang menarik kepada dua juta desa yang miskin dan investor seperti pelayanan perizinan yang terbelakang. Schumacher berpendapat memudahkan dan transparan, cepat, tepat, bahwa selama beban hidup di pedesaan dan murah. tidak dapat diringankan, masalah kemiskinan di dunia ini tidak aka dapat Rumusan Masalah diselesaikan, dan mau tidak mau pasti Berdasarkan keterangan yang telah akan lebih memburuk. disampaiakna pada pendahuluan diatas Berangkat dari pemikiran diatas maka dapat dirumuskan suatu dan memahami masalah yang di hadapi permasalahan yakni Bagaimanakah oleh desa pada umumnya, maka salah satu Strategi Peningkatan Investasi Pedesaan cara yang bisa dilakukan untuk Dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian Desa menyelesaikan beberapa permasalahan di di Provinsi Riau? pedesaan yakni dengan penyusunan strategi peningkatan investasi pedesaan Tujuan dan Kegunaan untuk pengelolaan sumber daya pedesaan a. Tujuan dalam meningkatkan perekonomian Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pedesaan. mengetahui Strategi Peningkatan Investasi Penyusunan strategi peningkatan Pedesaan dalam Meningkatkan investasi pedesaan untuk pengelolaan Perekonomian Desa di Provinsi Riau. sumber daya pedesaan dalam 163 b. Kegunaan LANDASAN TEORI Dari kegiatan penyusunan strategi Pemerintahan : Peran Penting peningkatan investasi pedesaan dalam Pemerintah Dalam Meningkatkan meningkatkan perekonomian desa maka Perekonomian dapat dirumuskan kegunaan kegiatan Pemerintah adalah organ yang penelitian adalah : berwenang memproses pelayanan publik - Dengan kegiatan ini diharapkan dan berkewajiban memproses pelayanan mampu memberikan rekomendasi civil bagi setiap orang yang melakukan mengenai strategi peningkatan hubungan pemerintahan, setiap anggota investasi pedesaan untuk mengelola masyarakat yang bersangkutan sumberdaya yang ada dalam rangka menerimanya pada saat diperlukan, sesuai meningkatakan perekonomuan di dengan tuntutan (harapan) yang pedesaan sehingga kesejahteraan diperintah. Dalam hubungan itu, bahkan masarakat pedesaan khsusnya di warga Negara asing atau siapa saja yang wilayah Provinsi Riau benar-benar pada suatu saat berada secara sah (legal) bisa terwujd. di wilayah Indonesia, berak menerima layanan civil tertentu, dan pemerintah - Dengan adanya penyususnan stategi wajib melayankannya. (Ndraha, 2003 : 6) peningkatan investasi pedesaan akan Lebih lanjut Ndraha mengatakan menciptakan pengelolaan sumber (dalam Labolo, 2006 : 24-25) Pemerintah daya di pedesaan yang terencana dan adalah segenap alat perlengkapan Negara terintegrasi sehingga menghasilkan atau lembaga-lembaga kenegaraan yang pembangunan pedesaan yang efektif berfungsi sebagai alat untuk mencapai dan efisien tujuan Negara. Apapun yang dilakukan - Meningkatkan kinerja pemerintah, pemerintah dalam rangka melaksanakan terumuskannya strategi peningkatan tugas Negara sehingga pemerintah sering investasi pedesaan akan menjadi kali disebut sebagai representasi Negara. pedoman bagi pemerintah daerah dan Pemerintah merupakan satu-satunya pemerintah desa dalam mengelola lembaga yang pada tingkat tertentu sumber daya yang ada di pedesaan. mampu menjaga dan menjamin sistem - Adanya sinkronisasi yang ketertiban dan penyediaan sarana dan berkesinambungan terhadap penataan prasarana sosial yang dibutuhkan oleh pembangunan perdesaan yang masyarakat bagi kepentingan aktifitas disesuaikan dengan pembangunan sosialnya. jangka pendek, menengah dan Bersamaan dengan munculnya tahunan negara sebagai organisasi terbesar yang relatif awet dan kokoh dalam kehidupan - Terselenggaranya pembangunan bermasyarakat, maka pemerintah mutlak pedesaan yang lebih tanggap akan harus ada sebagai unsur utamanya, yaitu kebutuhan dan tuntutan masyarakat munculnya dua kelompok besar yang serta pembangunan perdesaan yang memerintah dan yang diperintah. komprehensif, terarah dan terpadu Government is a body of people dengan mengedepanakn skala that sets and administers public prioritas penataan pembangunan policy, and exercises executive, pedesaan. political, and sovereign power through customs, institutions, and laws within a state. Maksudnya, Pemerintah adalah sebuah badan yang menetapkan dan 164 melaksanakan kebijakan publik, dan 1. Good Public Governance yang gerakan kekuasaan eksekutif, politik, dan merujuk pada lembaga berdaulat melalui adat istiadat, institusi, pemerintahan (legislative, dan hukum dalam sebuah negara. eksekutif, dan yudikatif), Tujuan utama dibentuknya sehingga dapat diartikan Pemerintah menurut Rasyid (2002 : 14- sebagai tata pemerintahan
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