MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 1st (June, 2017)

A Model of Communication to Empower Fisherman Community in Regency

1YASIR, 2NURJANAH, 3CHELSY YESICHA

1,2,3Department of Communication Science of Social and Political Science Faculty (FISIP) of Universitas , Jl. HR Soebrantas KM 12,5 28293 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract. Fishermen are generally still poor and use traditional way. The aims of this research are to understand the empowerment of communication pattern, to explain the media used, and to describe the model of government communication in empowering fishermen in Bengkalis. This research uses qualitative method. The research result shows that the patterns of communication are done through mentoring and counseling, socializing and establishing vocational schools of fishery, providing tools and capital facilities, building fishing villages, and developing villages’ tourism. The media used are website and released in the print media, billboards and banners, calendars and posters, and films. The model of communication in empowering fishermen relies on Marine and Fisheries Departments, especially Field Officers (PPL), and by coordinating with other departments such as academician, police, universities and society. Keywords: communication, empowerment, media, counseling, fishermen.

Introduction conflicts to coastal communities. One of the fundamental problems in the development The management of fishery and coastal and improvement of the quality of fishermen’s resources becomes one of the important life is the lack of government effort in agendas in the current national development empowerment and communication. The policy. The attention of the Ministry of government ways to communicate do Fisheries and Marine Affairs (KKP) of the not improve the fishermen community’s Republic of towards maritime/ welfare yet. The process of participative marine development is still does not improve communication, dialogical, and motivational the life quality of coastal communities, actually becomes very important to improve especially fishermen. The low standard the fishermen community’s welfare. of coastal communities’ living and limited access to get assets and financial sources The government does not optimally is a major problem for fishermen. In this motivate the fishermen which cause them case, Amanah (2010: 1) reveals that coastal living a life far from prosperity. Bengkalis communities have a distinctive life, face district as one of the districts in Indonesia is directly a harsh ecosystem and sources of life a region of fishermen. In this district, most of that depend on coastal and marine resources. the people living in the coastal areas are still Coastal communities, especially traditional using traditional way in fishing. Fishermen fishermen, are still entangled by poverty and are generally using longline fishing gear, gill backwardness problems. Amanah (2010: 17) nets, seine trawl, “langgai” and ponds. The also explained that the condition of coastal fish they catch are only for the daily use and communities and fishermen has not been is simply sold to the local people or is made free from the problems encountered including into salted fish. limited access to capital resources and the Nurjanah (2015: 129) reveals the weakness of communication role in bridging traditional fishermen’s competition with large the gap that occurred. capitalized fishermen using bottom gill net is It is not yet related to marine ecological a great threat to the traditional fishermen, issues and socio-economic vulnerability or especially in Bantan District. The bottom

Received: January 04, 2017, Revision: July 25, 2017, Accepted: December 14, 2017 Print ISSN: 0215-8175; Online ISSN: 2303-2499. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313 Accredited B based on the decree No.040/P/2014, valid on February, 18, 2014 until February, 18, 2019. Indexed by DOAJ, Sinta, IPI

226 MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 2nd (December, 2017), pp. 226-235 gillnet threatens the survival of the families the econo m ic potential of high fishermen and the viability of aquatic resources since society i s not followed by facilities and nearly 100% of these traditional fishermen supportin g infrastructure. In other words, rely on their traditional way to catch the fish. the government should evaluate policies and programs t o further improve the quality of The further impacts are increasingly fishermen through better infrastructure and difficult to capture, resulting in increased facilities development. inequalities, declining incomes, and poverty, as well as lack of prosperity among traditional Sartika (2011: 111) also revealed that fishing communities. The scarcity of fishery the government policy had not improved the resources, especially the types of fish with welfare of fishermen in Pangandaran District. high economic value, prospective markets, One of the fishermen empowerment policies and fishing gear used are factors considered offered i s the government intervention in as sources of conflict occurred between and fisheries business, both traditional and cluster- among the fishermen. The intensity of conflict based industries. Similarly, Govindaraju and is determined by the degree of difference of Mabel (20 1 0: 128), conducted research fishing technology used by the fishermen, the in villag e s which already equipped with a limited territorial distribution of species, and village k n owledge center (VKG) developed the number of fishermen who fight over it. by a local agency in serving the community related t o e-governance, e-agriculture, The government has a strategic role to e-educati o n, e-health, and other facilities transform and empower this community, as for free. This research reveals the role of well as the efforts and cooperation of other this body through technological adoption in non-governmental institutions such as non- empowerin g communities of fishermen in governmental organizations (NGOs), private this village. sector through corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs, universities, and community The purpose of this study is to explore in general. However, what often happens or unders t and the communication process is the suspicion or distrust of traditional in empowe r ing fishermen community of fishermen against the government because , Riau Province. Apart from of repeated attitudes from the Department of the existing problems, there are three purposes Fisheries and officials who did not at their side of this study. Firstly, to understand the forms in handling the cases occurred. For example, of communication in empowering fishermen the conflict between the traditional fishermen community conducted by the government. and the large capital fishermen who use the Secondly, to find out the media used by the bottom gillnets. governmen t in improving the fishermen’s welfare i n Bengkalis Regency. Thirdly, to In addition, the lack of sustainable understand the model of communication in communication through mentoring, empowering fishermen in Bengkalis Regency. counseling, coaching, or other efforts from the national government, provincial, and district levels in empowering the community Research methods has not yet changed the level of fishermen’s welfare. Likewise, NGOs, universities or other In this research, the researchers use a institutions which give less concern and show qualitative research method with explorative no active interest in the efforts to transform research type. This research seeks to collect, the coastal environment or fishermen compile, and interpret the existing data, and communities into a better condition. analyze the object under study by referring to the research procedures with mainly collecting In this case, Widjajanti (2016: 2486) qualitative data using interpretation. Then, describes the strategy and model of building the researchers present data in the form of the structure of fishing village in Sukolilo beach statement s or sentences systematically to area of Surabaya to improve the fishermen’s explain the substance of the problem in order family we l fare. Widjajati reveals that the to obtain a clear picture of the communication management and structuring of coastal areas model of fishermen community empowerment or resources can improve the economic level in Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. of commun i ty and local government. With appropria t e spatial strategies and models, The subjects of this research are some the fishe r man community can improve the governmen t apparatuses in Fisheries and quality o f their life and environment. But Maritime Department of Bengkalis Regency, what is i n teresting in this research is that some memb e rs of fishermen community

‘Terakreditasi’ SK Kemendikbud, No.040/P/2014, berlaku 18-02-2014 s.d 18-02-2019 227 YASIR, ET ALL. A Model Of Communication To Empower Fisherman Community In... groups in Bengkalis Regency, and field that humans are not passive communicants, assistance officers (PPL). The informant as a but the result of their social environment subject was chosen purposively according to (Sulistyowati, et al., 2005: 87). the data requirement of this research. The The essence of this empowerment object of this research is the communication communication model is the communication model of fishermen community empowerment process which makes it possible for and in Bengkalis Regency. The Data collection reckons the emergence of new ideas at the techniques used are interviews, direct time communication is in progress. The main observation, and documentation. Data were concept of this participatory communication is analyzed with interactive data analysis centered on society. Thus, this model shows components as developed by Miles and interactive situations among the parties Huberman. To get the data trustworthiness, communicate. This model underlies the it is necessary to take inspection techniques emergence of the Appropriate Communication according to the existing conditions. for Development of Communication (ACDC) Implementation of inspection techniques program or called “The Right Communication based on a number of certain criteria, among for Community Development”. This program others, is the degree of credibility (Moleong, uses a method of learning which is essentially 2010: 173). The techniques to check the level means “to help people help themselves”. of credibility of this study are by performing Communicators do not impose a message perseverance observations, triangulation, and to the communicant through any media. peer checking through discussion. Instead, they would invite and facilitate the communicant to be able to: (1) identify their own problems; (2) analyze the problem, its Empowerment and Participatory meaning, and what to do; (3) take action to Communication solve the problem. Communication and society are two Nugroho, et al. (2016: 254) explains that complementary sides (Hamijoyo, 2005: 4). community empowerment is one of the keys Social dynamics that take place in a society success in running a development of a region. will affect the behavior of communication The empowerment program is carried out with played by every individual in the community. models, shapes and different strategies. The Similarly, the communication process will suitable model of empowerment is always affect and reflect the lifestyle of a society categorized by participatory communication. since communication is never occurs in the This kind of communication is the most vacuum social-cultural space. Communication effective and valuable when applied to groups between humans always takes place in a within the community. In groups, each person value-packed atmosphere, such as tradition, is given an opportunity to learn in adults’ way, customs, culture, ideological religion, and rather than simply transferring knowledge political orientation. without digging it first. This concept of Widjajanti (2016) reveals that the participatory communication is an approach empowerment of the community is to have that sees the initiative of the people as the the power, strength, or ability to identify main development resource and views their potentials and problems, and to be able to material and spiritual welfare as the goal to be determine their own alternative solutions achieved through the development process. (in Zulfera et al. 2014: 149-158). To enable Thus, development is not only measured people to have their own problem-solving skills by the economic growth, but should also is by giving them a form of communication be measured by answers to the question of which provide a free conditions to talk freely what happens to poverty, unemployment, and express themselves openly according to and inequality. the value they have. Therefore, unidirectional communication model or a linear model is certainly not appropriate in the context of Forms of Communication in Empow- communication empowerment. Appropriate ering Fishermen in Bengkalis approach or model of communication is the Bengkalis Regency is one of regencies one that allows the exchange of information in Riau Province, Indonesia. Its territory between the components in the communication includes the eastern part of the and process with many dimensions. Therefore, the some small islands, with an area of 7,793.93 approach used in this study is a participatory km². Bengkalis Regency is largely a coastal communication model. This model assumes

228 ISSN 0215-8175 | EISSN 2303-2499 MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 2nd (December, 2017), pp. 226-235 area with a length of 722 kilometers of beach of administrative and financial management and has 16 large and small islands. The area of KUB; to facilitate easy access to business consists of many villages whose inhabitants capital, production facilities, technology and rely on marine resources for living. In addition markets; to solve fishermen problems; and to having extensive marine waters, Bengkalis monitors, evaluates, and reports the results district is also flowed by many rivers and of the implementation of mentoring activities has a number of lakes. It is very suitable to relevant budget users (KPA) and SKPD and potential for the development of fishery according to technical guidelines. cultivation, both freshwater fish, brackish In addition to the assistance, the form and sea. Bengkalis district government of communication deliver by the government through the Office of Marine and Fisheries has of Bengkalis Regency is to conduct various divided the two zones of sector development, extension activities, which involves various especially for fishery cultivation. For the universities such as University of Riau and cultivation of freshwater fishery, the focus other universities from Java. The form is on District of Bukit Batu, Mandau, Pinggir, of communication activities through the and Siak Kecil. While cultivation of brackish counseling as explained by the marine water and sea water put in Bantan, Bengkalis, and fishery agencies is aimed to increase , and Northern Rupat District. awareness and welfare of the community, To improve the welfare of fishermen especially in improving their skills in cultivating Bengkalis Regency, the government has or processing the results of the arrest. many forms of communication to empower Community and fishermen groups are given them. The main strategy of communication training in fishing and fish processing. In this to empower the fishermen is based on the case, the Head of Coastal and Small Islands Development Planning Meeting (Musrembang). said: There are five shapes of communication to “The fishermen have been traditionally empower the fishermen community. First, processing the fish catch into fish crackers, communication that uses mentoring and Abon (fish floss), and also the seaweed, but counseling. Communications of empowerment it is not yet widespread. Some of them have conducted by Bengkalis government through already been made; we just help to increase the Office of Marine and Fisheries (DKP) rely the hygienic and packaging of the products. heavily on field assistance officers (PPL). They are also given counseling by the expert, Some programs such as the Joint Business academician from universities of Java, and also speaker from local staff. The products’ Group (KUB) development activities and packaging could be in forms of fish crackers, development activities of the Processing and pilus (snack), sweets seaweed, and also Marketing Group (POKLAHSAR) are located salted fish”(interview, September 5, 2016). directly under the Marine and Fisheries Service. The role of the PPL is to provide Fishing communities are already have assistance as an extension of the government, their own knowledge in processing their catch. even the spearhead of the program and the However, many of them still traditionally do main form of communication that plays an the cultivating according to the old experience important role to provide understanding to that is usually done in generations, so that it the fishing communities. is lack of quality and not packaged properly because they do not get proper knowledge. In The function of field facilitators (PPL) is addition, the main constraints associated with to transform a society into a better direction marketing are the limited and less welcome in accordance with existing innovations. market. The development of technology has The officers are placed directly in the office already advanced, but people cannot utilize of every districts, so that they are more the media optimally to increase and promote likely to plunge into the fishing community, their products. interact and communicate directly than employees in the office who only serve as Related to this, the government uses technical implementers for administration. relevant agencies to empower and develop Some of the tasks of PPL according to the the processing and marketing groups through Decree of the Head of the Office of Marine field assistants’ officers (PPL) which is and Fisheries are to conduct inventory different from before. Some of their duties and identify the data of the joint business are to identify, to facilitate business permits, group (KUB); to help facilitate the making to provide assistance or counseling, to assist of fisherman membership card (KTAN; to in accessing business capital, to help a report, provide assistance, counseling and guidance to record market price lists and fish suppliers,

‘Terakreditasi’ SK Kemendikbud, No.040/P/2014, berlaku 18-02-2014 s.d 18-02-2019 229 YASIR, ET ALL. A Model Of Communication To Empower Fisherman Community In... and to monitor or evaluate. The existence of facilitated fishermen some fishing gear such field assistants is to optimize the government as a motorboat used for fishing, and fishing programs. The existence of PPLs is placed gear in the form of nets or rawai. The catch in centers of empowerment programs or of fish is divided into two parts consisting of government activities. Some of the focus fish with high economic value are directly sold points of government attention are those who to collectors for export, while less value fish have easy fishing bases to be fostered through are directly sold to anyone with very cheap groups of fishermen. Some places are built in price. The government provides the aid of Bengkalis district, precisely at the village of fish processing equipment so that these fish Meskom; and District Bantan located in the can have high economic value. The aid is village of Pambang Pesisir. given to PKK groups or mothers and wives of fishermen family. Second, communication through socialization and establishment of vocational The government also involves other schools for fisheries. The government through stakeholders such as the National Aeronautics DKP conducts some socialization related to and Space Agency (LAPAN) to distribute existing programs, such as social assistance ZPPI (Potential Fishing Zone) tools to the for the fishermen. This socialization activity fishermen. This tool will help the fishermen aims to improve the fishermen understanding to fish in the sea. It serves as a fish detecting as beneficiaries. This socialization also aims radar. The tool aims to increase the catch to provide an understanding of the flow of of fishermen who ultimately improve the processes of planning, implementation, and fisherman’s economy. The provision of aid the accountability. The socialization activities tools is also followed by the socialization and are conducted in order to avoid trouble in the training on the use of tools as well as their future. The target of socialization is fishermen practical guidance. The granting of these group and fishery processing group. fishing gears is given to traditional fishermen of long lines, in order to increase their catch The forms of socialization are mostly in the sea. The aid of fishing gear is provided done through annual events such as festivals, in the form of larger ships or nets in order competitions, and others. Indeed some to catch more fish and wider their fishing socialization is less effective since it is often position. ceremonial and uncertainty. This is just an appeal through official speech, billboards, Fourth, to establish a fishing village. calendar, and other media. Nevertheless, The government of Bengkalis has established communication channels to empower a village and some houses that are given communities must vary, in the media and primarily to the fishing communities who communication activities. cannot afford them. The government created this program for traditional fishermen in the Fishermen empowerment program is district areas such as Bantan, Bukitbatu and supported in long-term by building a special Rupat .Related to this, one of the informants vocational school of fisheries. This school is a from the Department of Marine Affairs and collaboration and cooperation among related Fisheries, Ir. Ansharuddin said that the agencies. The existence of this school is program aims to organize and build a good expected to change the traditional perspective house and proper sanitation for fishermen. of society. Unfortunately, however, the The government also want to manage the location of the school is far to reach. In settlement area of fishermen (interview, addition, the existence of facilities and September 5, 2016). other supporting aspects for the school are not much, such as road infrastructure. However, the existence of fisherman’s The difficult location and access caused the settlement is not supported by adequate number of students enrolled was only about facilities as a proper place to live. Even the 30 in each year. The school access is the main free time had to waste since there were no cause that makes people less motivated to proper facilities. After long times, electricity send their children to that school. is finally come, but not for water, because drinking water, washing water, and water Third, government provided some for bathing have to be taken from rainwater. equipments and capital facilities. Regional This is due to their coastal position right on and national governments (such as PNPM) the beach where water access is difficult. collaborate to provide access and facilities Facilities for auctioning or selling fish are to increase income and welfare by providing provided, but since it is away from the crowds, vessels and other fishing gear. Government

230 ISSN 0215-8175 | EISSN 2303-2499 MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 2nd (December, 2017), pp. 226-235 it ultimately does not work. In addition, fishing Bengkalis government in synergy with several communities do not get much direct guidance agencies has promoted coastal tourism areas or sustained empowerment. In other words, such as the Selat Baru (New Strait) and Rupat facilities are provided but not equipped with Utara (Northern Rupat). Both of these places knowledge and expertise to maintain and use become the main program to be developed as the facilities. tourism object. The local government always try to improve the image of the district of The development of fisherman’s Bengkalis and Nort Rupat because of their residential area is closely related to the beautiful shores. Some annual program and sustainability of marine ecosystems in coastal activities are often made in these places to areas. It would control the habitat and support and promote this tourist area. Some community life including the life of the fish of the activities undertaken are the Selat that became an icon of the city of Bengkalis: Baru Beach Festival with various races, beach the Terubuk fish. Due to the program of festival Rupat, Safar bath ritual, and so forth. protection and conservation of coastal and marine natural resources, it also aims to protect the coastline due to the high abrasion Media of Communication in Fisher- rate. The high coastal abrasion caused the men Empowerment Program land to diminish, as there was no defense of trees such as mangroves, which also caused The media of communication to the decline of small fish species. Government empower fishermen are all the means used steps to plant mangrove trees along the in implementing the fishermen empowerment coastline must be supported and involved program. Media is very important to produce, fishermen, because their lives are highly reproduce, and distribute the meaning of both dependent on the sea. the government and the fishing communities. Therefore, the communication media becomes Fifth, developing some tourist villages. something instrumental in people’s lives. The The tourist village is developed through a use and access of the media should be able to simple concept. Village tourism development improve the welfare and living standards of program is marketing the fishing village as fishing communities. Nevertheless, the main an object of tourism. Villages that rely on government’s choice of media is very limited natural wealth, culture, and art alone are not and even not functions optimally. enough to boost the number of tourist visits. But the village should also be supported by the First, the news media in the form of ability to produce and develop products to be mass media coverage such as Riau Pos, sold, which must have added value and has Tribun Pekanbaru, portal news and other distinctive characteristics that differentiate media institution. The publication purpose is with other regions. Meskom Village and Prapat to convey information to the fishermen and Tunggal in Bengkalis Subdistrict have not only general public about the programs related natural tourism, but also the potential of art, to them and the government undertakes cultures, tradition with its charming objects, to improve the welfare of the fishermen and producer of shrimp paste and crackers. community. The identity of Meskom Village, among Second, the website and social media. others, is the high stage house that has a The government uses this internet because unique form. It has regional specialties such it is now the most popular media, especially as belacan, cencaluk, tempoyak, spicy acid, among young people. This is in line with and kepurun, the material from sago. Meskom the number of programs that want to be Village has another name of “Kampung disseminated to the community; on the Zapin”. Although, not all citizens of Meskom contrary, public needs information directly understand zapin deeply, but in one family no from the government. Although there are one cannot play zapin. In addition to zapin, people who are able to access this media, villagers also have other types of art which but the number is few and very limited. This are kompang, robana, and pencak silat. This media existence is very important and quite village also has a game that can be interesting practical and fast in penetrating, especially to be enjoyed by tourists such as traditional among educated people who accustomed games of jung, gasing, and kite. to access information technology. Even the future of this media becomes prominent and Based on that, the empowerment of potential for the wider level of its use by fisherman communities becomes important the community. However, this media-based along with the existence of tourist areas. The

‘Terakreditasi’ SK Kemendikbud, No.040/P/2014, berlaku 18-02-2014 s.d 18-02-2019 231 YASIR, ET ALL. A Model Of Communication To Empower Fisherman Community In... media is not maximized by the government school students, who were in the sea aparted due to the tradition or culture of government Rangsang Island and the city of Bengkalis. employees’ work and their nonoptimal service In their journey with Alfat’s father, they met functions. many events. The film is narrated with a less clear visualization and less interesting from Third, using some billboards and both the picture and the lighting. However, banners. Outdoor media is widely used by the packaging has been widely varied in the the government to disseminate and provide form of chanting or Malay culture typical of information to the fishing community. Many chanting. socializations contained informative or persuasive messages that were placed in This media choice is disseminated several locations near the fishing community’s through various meetings and other settlements. Here is an example of the socialization, whether in the extension and/or message: “Hutan Mangrove Rindang, Ikan schools. The screening of this film is limited. dan Udang Riang; Masyarakat Senang, Rezki The film distribution in the form of CD aimed Pun Datang” (Mangrove forest is densed, fish to the public or children in school as the and shrimp dance; People are happy, because main target segmentation of the message they earn the money). Some messages are communication. The Office of Marine and made overlapping, as found on the sign of a Fisheries uses this media as a campaign or fishermen’s settlement: “Laut Masa Depan delivery of messages to make the public Kita” (The Sea is Our Future). The messages cares and involve in government programs made are generally not appropriate, either in developing fishing and sea communities. from the planning side of the message and its Communication is very important to typology. The background color options and be spread through various messages and messages that are delivered are unattractive, types of media in penetrating audiences. generally faded quickly, and the location is The message developed certainly adjusts the not the way it should be. needs of the fisherman as the audience. The Fourth, using calendars and posters. media and its messages should be easy to find The use of media for empowerment is not at various strategic points: at public roads, as massive as those political campaigns. intersections, social media, newspapers, and Various media such as posters, stickers, other non-mass media such as meetings calendars, wall clocks, and others are among fellow fishermen to remind each other. widely used in political campaigns. But for Thus, the empowerment of fishermen can be the activities of government programs in done by reminding and involving in wherever fishermen empowerment, it is very limited. and whenever they would be to always keep Its appearance is only in one type of media, the marine environment safe and more not vary in a large amount. Calendar as a prosperous. The media must be closer to the medium, produced in limited quantities, and community and adjust to the characteristics distributed to a limited group of fishermen. of the community. The message of empowerment will be effective when diversified in the message and media type. The Model of Communication in Em- powering Fishermen Community Fifth, creating a film/animated movie. The creation and dissemination of messages for Building a good society can be done community empowerment through animated by building a good communication pattern. films has been conducted by the Marine The government and the society are two and Fisheries Agency in cooperation with complementary sides that should build Marine and Coastal Resources Management participatory communication to each other. As Project (MCRMP). One of his films is entitled Faridah, et al. (2014: 243) pointed out that in “The Adventure of the Land of Visitors: The a participatory communication approach, all Squanders of the Sea”. This animated film is the problems faced are a common problem, an animated series of “Love the Early-Possible and the way to solve them must be considered Environments”, which contains messages on together. This model shows the interactive the importance of keeping the sea and its situation among the parties that communicate contents by not littering the sea, maintaining according to the context and the dynamics of the environment of mangrove forests, and the community. Social dynamics of society will many others. This film is about the experience certainly affect the behavior of communication of Alfath, Dullah and Aulia as junior high delivered by every individual in society.

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Similarly, the communication process will of the development and the community affect and reflect the lifestyle of a society, empowerment in Bengkalis Regency is based since communication among humans always on the rules according to predetermined takes place in an atmosphere full of values, nomenclature of the Ministry of Home such as tradition, customs, culture, religion, Affairs, National government program ideology and political orientation. through Community Empowerment (PNPM), private with CSR, and local government with various communication activities of training, To empower fishermen, it needs a counseling, assistance, socialization, and so form of communication that conditions them on. to freely open up and express themselves The activities of the Maritime and according to their values and address all Fisheries Department are clearly based issues without any constraints. Therefore, on their main tasks and functions and empowerment can not only rely on one or constrained by the budget of ABPD. The two ways, but must be done in a variety activities of empowerment are often neglected of ways, efforts, and mix of creative media by routine administrative activities in the communication. Silviyanti (2016: 15) discloses internal service compared to direct service that community empowerment should employ to the field to the community. Nevertheless, a variety of ways, including the media that the form of communication empowerment and should pay attention to the characteristics of use of communication is done nonoptimal. The the fishermen such as age, education, and implementation of community empowerment work experience and income level. activities relies more on Field Supervisory The model of communication Officers (PPL) as an extension placed in in empowering fishermen is dominantly the Technical Implementation Unit of the delegated to Department of Marine and Service (UPTD) located in the district. Fishery. This department formulates policies Peoples can interact personally with these in the field of Marine and Fisheries, organizing officers. They have very limited action to the policy and other public service-related, act and communicate. Therefore, the limited including empowering the fishermen. As for communications by the government limit the handling the case of fish theft by foreign success of the empowerment program. fishermen, the case of clash between In the implementation of government traditional fishermen and modern fishermen, programs, communication activities become and community empowerment, the Office important. The government must be able to of Marine and Fisheries often involve the create participative way of communication Police officers, water police unit (POL AIR), within the government as well as the public or Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL), Army (TNI public beneficiaries of the program. Based on AD), Syahbandar, Telecommunication what has been discussed previously, writers and Informatics Transportation Agency, make a model of communication in empowering Environment Agency (BLH) and others, in fishermen community in Bengkalis Regency. accordance with the authority of each service. The more details information can be illustrated All are involved in making an agreement to in figure 1. empower traditional fishermen throughout Bengkalis Regency as one of the efforts to Model of communication to empower overcome illegal fishing (fish theft). The fishermen community is an important agenda important thing that becomes the subject for the implementation the government policy. of coordination involving related parties is There are some shapes of communication to the empowerment of traditional fishermen. empower and some media and channels used Nurjanah, et al. (2017: 3) states community by the government. The communication is not empowerment delivery as starting point for yet optimal. The policy approach to community the community’s independence in order to development and sustainable development is improve their life by using and accessing local needed to improve the communication model. resources as possible. Rasyid (2015: 507) also explains that Conclusion community development is clearly a mandate of the 1945 Indonesia Constitution and should The model of communications to be the focus of attention and responsibility empower fishermen community is dominantly of all parties, government, private business, done by Marine and Fisheries Agency through and the society itself. Therefore, the program field officers (PPL). PPL have a duty to

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Figure1: The Model of communication to empower fishermen in Bengkalis Regency communicate and transform the community in communications to deliver them appropriately. accordance with the needs of the community Therefore, the government should also pay and government. The other communications attention to socio-psychological factors are mentoring and counseling, socialization that tend to be passive in responding to and establishment of fisheries school, the innovation offered. The governments providing facilities and capital, building should enhance understanding of innovations fishing village, and developing tourist village. through information technology, and should But there are still many obstacles in the be supported by improving sustainable implementation process due to inadequate communications in order to use the facility human resources, namely the limited number appropriately. of the field officers. This limitation is caused Various research approach can be used by the restricting of government budget. to continue this research. The ethnographic The media used in empowering the approach of communication to understand fishermen are internet-based media, news the traditional fisherman, culture and local release, billboards and banners, calendars wisdom. The effective communication methods and posters, and films. Unfortunately, the can be also measured by survey research. existence of these media is still far from the ideal, both in terms of quantity and quality of packaging and the contents of the message. References The communications in empowering Amanah, S. (2010). “Peran Komunikasi fishermen and coastal resource management Pembangunan dalam Pemberdayaan should be planned in the form of sustainable Masyarakat Pesisir”. Jurnal Komunikasi communication activities. Selected Pembangunan. Volume 8 Number 1: 1-19. communication media must be created and Faridah, D., et al. (2014). “Optimasi Pusat packaged in creative ways, scattered and Layanan Internet Kecamatan dalam diverse in media forms. Communication Meningkatkan Aksesibilitas Masyarakat messages will be effective if there is a variety of terhadap Informasi”, MIMBAR Jurnal media forms and its content. The government Sosial dan Pembangunan, Volume 30, No. should increase quantity and quality of the 2: 243-252. existence of PPL. PPL should be provided Govindaraju, P., & MabelM.M (2010). “The with training in designing messages and status of information and communication

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technology in a coastal village: A case Rasyid, Anuar, et.al. (2015). “Komunikasi study”, IJEDICT, 2010, Vol. 6, Issue 1, dalam CSR Peruahaan: Pemberdayaan pp. 128-135. Masyarakat dan Membangun Citra Positif”, Hamijoyo S.S. (2005). Komunikasi MIMBAR Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan, Partisipatoris: Pemikiran dan Implementasi Volume 31, Number 2: 507-518. Komunikasi dalam Pengembangan Sartika, I. (2011). “Evaluasi Kebijakan Masyarakat. Bandung Humaniora. Pemberdayaan Nelayan”. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara. Volume 11 Nomor Huberman, A.M. & Matthew B.M. (2010). 2: 11-124. Analisis Data Kualitatif. Terjemahan Silviyanti, Serly, et al. (2016). “The Influence Tjetjep Rohendi. Jakarta: UI-Press. of Communication Media Usage towards Moleong, L.J (2010). Metodologi Penelitian Fishermen’s Empowerment in Pasaran Kuantitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya Island”, MIMBAR Jurnal Sosial dan Nugroho, D.R., etal. (2016). “Model of Pembangunan, Volume 32, Number 1: Communication in Corporate Social 9-16. Responsibility Program to Empower Sulistyowati, F., et al. (2005). Komunikasi Communities”. MIMBAR Jurnal Sosial Pemberdayaan. Yogyakarta. APMD Press. dan Pembangunan, Volume 32 Number Widjajanti, W.W. (2016). “Strategy and 2:254-266. Planning Model Village Fishermen Coastal Nurjanah A., et al. (2017) “Dialogic Area in Surabaya”. International Journal Communication Patterns between of Applied Engineering Research. Volume Company-Community in Achieving 11 Number 4: 2486-2493. Community Empowerment In Indonesia: Zulfera, et al. (2014). “Faktor-Faktor yang A Case Study of Waste Problem”. Global Berhubungan dengan Keberdayaan Petani Media Journal, 15:28. Sayur Organik di Kabupaten Agam dan Nurjanah, (2015). “Peran Komunikasi Tanah Datar, Provinsi Sumatera Barat”, Persuasif dalam Penyelesaian Konflik MIMBAR Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan, Antara Nelayan”. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi. Volume 30, no 2: 149-158. Volume 6 Nomor 2: 128-142)

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