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Lithuanian Jews and the Holocaust
Ezra’s Archives | 77 Strategies of Survival: Lithuanian Jews and the Holocaust Taly Matiteyahu On the eve of World War II, Lithuanian Jewry numbered approximately 220,000. In June 1941, the war between Germany and the Soviet Union began. Within days, Germany had occupied the entirety of Lithuania. By the end of 1941, only about 43,500 Lithuanian Jews (19.7 percent of the prewar population) remained alive, the majority of whom were kept in four ghettos (Vilnius, Kaunas, Siauliai, Svencionys). Of these 43,500 Jews, approximately 13,000 survived the war. Ultimately, it is estimated that 94 percent of Lithuanian Jewry died during the Holocaust, a percentage higher than in any other occupied Eastern European country.1 Stories of Lithuanian towns and the manner in which Lithuanian Jews responded to the genocide have been overlooked as the perpetrator- focused version of history examines only the consequences of the Holocaust. Through a study utilizing both historical analysis and testimonial information, I seek to reconstruct the histories of Lithuanian Jewish communities of smaller towns to further understand the survival strategies of their inhabitants. I examined a variety of sources, ranging from scholarly studies to government-issued pamphlets, written testimonies and video testimonials. My project centers on a collection of 1 Population estimates for Lithuanian Jews range from 200,000 to 250,000, percentages of those killed during Nazi occupation range from 90 percent to 95 percent, and approximations of the number of survivors range from 8,000 to 20,000. Here I use estimates provided by Dov Levin, a prominent international scholar of Eastern European Jewish history, in the Introduction to Preserving Our Litvak Heritage: A History of 31 Jewish Communities in Lithuania. -
THE WAR of 1812: European Traces in a British-American Conflict
THE WAR OF 1812: European Traces in a British-American Conflict What do Napoleon, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the War of 1812 in North America have in common? 99 men – and this is their story… Peg Perry Lithuanian Museum-Archives of Canada December 28, 2020 Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Setting the Stage ................................................................................................................................. 2 The de Watteville Regiment ................................................................................................................ 4 North America – the War of 1812 ....................................................................................................... 9 De Watteville’s Arrival in North America April to May 1813 ............................................................. 13 Loss of the Flank Companies – October 5, 1813 ............................................................................... 14 The Battle of Oswego - May 5-7, 1814 .............................................................................................. 16 The Battle of Fort Erie – August 15-16, 1814 .................................................................................... 19 Fort Erie Sortie – September 17, 1814 .............................................................................................. 23 After the War – the Land Offer in Canada........................................................................................ -
PILIAKALNIS? Kalnio Reljcfo Lygmeniu, T
Lietuvos istorijos institutas • • , VILNIUS 2003 • UDK 902/904(474.5) Li227 Redaktoril! kolegija: R Algirdas Girininkas (ats. redaktorius) (Lie/uvos is/orijos ins/ilulas) Vytautas Kazakevicius v (Lieluvos is/or/jos ins/i/ulas) Mykolas Michelbertas (Vi/lliallS universitetas) Evalds Mugurevics c (Latvijos ulliversile/o Latvijos is/orijos institL/tas) Vytautas Urbanavicius 1 (Pi/ill tyrimo centras "Lieluvos pi~ys ") Gintautas Zabiela (Lie/uvos is/orijos instilulas) I 1 , , • ISSN 0207-8694 © Lietuvos istorijos institutas, 2003 ISBN 9986-23-105-1 © StraipsniLl autoriai, 2003 L1ETUVOS ARCHEOLOGIJA. 2003. T. 24, p. 33-56. ISSN 0207-8694 • LIET OS PILIAKALN : TYRINEJIMl) ASPEKTAS GINTAUTAS ZABIELA v Zinomiausi ir visuomcnei labiausiai pazistami Lic- nevadinami. Lietuvoje yra ir tokiq piliakalniams ski tuvOS archeologijos paminklai - piliakalniai - intensy riamq itvirtiniml), kurie is tiesl) yra lygaus lauko dalis, viau tyrincjami jau antras simtmctis. J q kasincjimai apjuosta pylimu ar grioviu (Ersla, J akai, Kulai). Paga patcik<~ daug ivairios mcdziagos, kuri nc kartq buvo liau ncretai piliakalniais linkstama vadinti Naujqjq placiau ar siauriau apibcndrinama ir skclbiama. Ja pa laikL) (XVI-XVIII a.) dvarvieCiq itvirtinimus (Skir remtas dabartinis piliakalniq pazinimas. Ir nors nau mantiske, Panemunis) ar nct tiesiog to laiko karinius jausiq apibendrinanCiq darbq apic Lietuvos piliakalnius ircnginius (Belvederis, Vainezeris). Piliakalniais laiko nepasirodo jau kuris laikas, sis straipsnis taip pat nera mos ir aiskcsnil) murinil) pilil) liekanl) zemes pavirsiu skirtas minetai spragai uzpildyti. Susikaupus gausiai pi jc neturinCios piliavietes (Eisiskes, Senieji Trakai). liakalniq tyrinejimq mcdziagai, kurios tik dalis publi Piliakalniai yra ir specifiniai dirbtiniai kalncliai kuota, siandien kyla nemazai mctodiniq piliakalniq motai, budingi Vakarq Europai (Kalnenai, Veliuona, Vi tyrincjimq klausimq, kuriuos ignoruoti jau niekaip ne kunai) (Zabicla, 200lb). -
MINLEX - Lithuania Country Report
MINLEX - Lithuania Country Report This version has been extracted from MINLEX´s Final Report MinPol and partners May – 2017 Disclaimer: The information and views set out in this study are those of the MinPol team and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. This project has received funding from the European Commission under Contract n° SI 2.717317 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. LITHUANIA ....................................................................................................... 2 1.1. Summary of findings ................................................................................. 2 1.2. General introduction .................................................................................. 3 1.3. Legislation governing mineral exploration and extraction ................................. 4 1.4. Authorities governing mineral exploration and extraction ................................ 12 1.5. Licensing procedures for exploration............................................................ 18 1.6. Licensing procedures for extraction ............................................................. 21 1.7. Court cases on permitting procedures .......................................................... 27 1.8. Success rates of exploration and extraction permits ....................................... 46 1.9. EU legislation -
Ab Kauno Energija Set of Consolidated
AB KAUNO ENERGIJA SET OF CONSOLIDATED AND PARENT COMPANY’S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR, ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012, PREPARED ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS, AS ADOPTED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION, PRESENTED TOGETHER WITH CONSOLIDATED ANNUAL REPORT AND INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT AB KAUNO ENERGIJA, Company‘s code 235014830, Raudondvario Rd. 84, Kaunas, Lithuania CONTENT Translation note This set of Consolidated and Parent Company’s Financial Statements presented together with Consolidated Annual Report and Independent Auditor’s Report has been prepared in Lithuanian language and in English language. In all matters of interpretations of information, views or opinions, the Lithuanian language version of these documents takes precedence over the English version. Page INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT…………………………………………….. 3 – 4 SET OF CONSOLIDATED AND PARENT COMPANY’S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR 2011....................................................................... 5 – 53 Statements of Financial Position............................................................................ 5 – 6 Statements of Comprehensive Income................................................................... 7 Statements of Changes in Equity............................................................................ 8 Statements of Cash flows........................................................................................ 9 – 10 Notes to the Financial Statements.......................................................................... -
Beata Adamczyk Cultural Cooperation Between Nations As an Important
Beata Adamczyk Cultural cooperation between nations as an important factor of sustainable social development of the region of Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union : (for instance Poland and Lithuania) Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 5, 225-267 2007 Beata ADAMCZYK UW Warszawa Cultural cooperation between nations as an important factor of sustainable social development of the region of Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union (for instance Poland and Lithuania) Motto: So that the spirits of the dead leave us in peace... (Aby duchy umarłych zostawiły nas w spokoju...) CZESŁAW MIŁOSZA Cultural cooperation between nations is mainly based on pacts entered by the government of the Republic of Poland and the government of the Republic of Lithuania, on cooperation between academies and cultural facilities, and on collaboration of all nations living in the given area with respect to issues important to local communities, ^ e message of cultural cooperation is social and cultural integration. Cultural and social co-operation among nations lived in East and Central Europe has been sprung up over many centuries. In the 20th century, the nations of the part of Europe were subjected to an attempt to standardise their national cultures by means of introducing the socialist realist culture. According to purposes of contemporary authorities culture was created only officially. In language of the contemporary system, social issues were taken into account mainly in the mass aspect. ^ e author of article is a graduate of the Institute of Librarianship and Information Science at Warsaw University and because of it in the article mainly she treats of bookseller’s and publishing connected with Vilnius. -
Summary of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan of Kaunas District
SUMMARY OF THE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ACTION PLAN OF KAUNAS DISTRICT Action Plan will be a management tool for Kaunas District municipality to provide the sustainable development of Kaunas District social and economic environment, increase of life quality of Kaunas District residents by use of the available resources. Kaunas District takes up 2.29% of Lithuania’s territory. Kaunas District has area of 1496 km 2 of which 4.2% are cities, 2.3% - industrial and roads, 54.9% - farmlands, 31% - forests, 5.2% bodies of water, 2.4% are other areas. Kaunas District is one of the most agricultural districts in Kaunas County, 90% of Kaunas District’s plots are agricultural, forestry or aqua cultural (77.1% agricultural plots, 12.3% forestry plots, 0.6 aquaculture plots). Arable land takes up 72.4% of the agricultural land, 24.2% by pastures and 3% by gardens and berry plantations. About 68% of the crop consists of grain crops, 9.29% of perennial grasses, and 7.87% of rapeseed. Main industry branches are agricultural and wood products processing, cattle and animal slaughtering, peat industry, meat and milk processing, manufacturing of wooden packaging and furniture, production of building materials, manufacturing and maintenance of farming machinery, logistics. Other developed industries are sand clay mining, peat mining and fabrication, production of building materials, milk and other food product processing, fabrication of knitwear, clothing industry, manufacturing of farming equipment and tractors. Kaunas Free Economic Zone is located 7 km from the city of Kaunas, in Kaunas District, occupying 1000 ha and holds a lot of potential for different industries and logistics. -
1 Tai – Vietovės.Lt 2013 Metais Nufilmuotų Ir Internete Paskelbtų
Tai – Vietovės.Lt 2013 metais nufilmuotų ir internete paskelbtų Lietuvos valstybinės reikšmės kelių sąrašas. Šis sąrašas sudarytas remiantis Lietuvos automobilių kelių direkcijos prie Susisiekimo ministerijos (www.lakd.lt) ir Enciklopedijos Lietuvai ir pasauliui (www.lietuvai.lt) duomenimis. Paskutinis sąrašo pakeitimas: 2014-01-20 Ačiū, kad buvote kartu Adresas internete: keliai.vietoves.lt Facebook puslapis: www.facebook.com/Vietoves.Lt YouTube kanalas: www.youtube.com/user/LietuvosKeliai Asmuo kontaktams: Aurimas Rapečka el. paštas: [email protected] mob. tel. +370 626 57659 1 2 MAGISTRALINIAI KELIAI Kodas Kelio pavadinimas Ilgis Data 1 A1 Vilnius–Kaunas–Klaipėda 311,40 2013-06-20 2 A2 Vilnius–Panevėžys 135,92 2013-06-22 3 A3 Vilnius–Minskas* 33,99 2013-05-17 4 A4 Vilnius–Varėna–Gardinas* 134,46 2013-06-01 5 A5 Kaunas–Marijampolė–Suvalkai* 97,06 2013-07-03 6 A6 Kaunas–Zarasai–Daugpilis* 185,40 2013-07-03 7 A7 Marijampolė–Kybartai–Kaliningradas* 42,21 2013-06-08 8 A8 Panevėžys–Aristava–Sitkūnai 87,86 2013-07-12 9 A9 Panevėžys–Šiauliai 78,94 2013-06-23 10 A10 Panevėžys–Pasvalys–Bauskė* 66,10 2013-06-13 11 A11 Šiauliai–Palanga 146,85 2013-06-20 12 A12 *Ryga–Šiauliai–Tauragė–Kaliningradas* 186,09 2013-08-17 13 A13 Klaipėda–Liepoja* 45,15 2013-06-20 14 A14 Vilnius–Utena 95,60 2013-07-06 15 A15 Vilnius–Lyda* 49,28 2013-05-12 16 A16 Vilnius–Prienai–Marijampolė 137,51 2013-06-08 17 A17 Panevėžio aplinkkelis 22,28 2013-06-22 18 A18 Šiaulių aplinkkelis 17,08 2013-06-20 Iš viso 1873,18 KRAŠTO KELIAI Kodas Kelio pavadinimas Ilgis Data 1 101 Vilnius–Šumskas -
THE TREASURY of SACRAL HERITAGE of TRAKAI REGION 1 2 TRAKAI BASILICA of the VISITATION of the BLESSED VIRGIN MARY GPS: 54°38’34”N 24°56’03”E Address: Birutės Str
THE TREASURY OF SACRAL HERITAGE OF TRAKAI REGION 1 2 TRAKAI BASILICA OF THE VISITATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY GPS: 54°38’34”N 24°56’03”E Address: Birutės str. 5, Trakai town, Trakai eldership, Trakai district municipality On the map E2 The Basilica of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin the 17th century people began applying votes to Mary stands in Trakai peninsula surrounded by the image as thanks for graces received. It is es- lakes. This church that equals Trakai Island Castle timated that today there are over 400 votes! This in terms of size and grandeur, was consecrated as first gold crowned painting was given the title a basilica in 2017 (there are 8 basilicas in Lithuania Protector of the Sick. Interestingly, the painting is altogether). revered by Catholic, Orthodox, and Muslim com- munities alike. Special criteria of Domus Ecclesiae, a decree of Divine Worship and Liturgy, were used in the pro- The church founded by Grand Duke Vytautas in cess of granting the very honourable title of basil- the 15th century has an irregular shaped form ica. The criteria are applied both for the building with harmoniously intertwined gothic and ba- itself and the living Church – for those who pray roque features. Fresco fragments in the walls of there. The exclusive historical importance of the the church recall the Byzantine-era style. church for the region and the country were ac- The Basilica is a treasure trove of sacred and fine knowledged, as was the solemnity of the building art – there are easel paintings, memorial monu- and religious community’s dissemination of faith ments, various relics, wine glasses, 18th-century and love. -
Collecting Art in the Turmoil of War: Lithuania in 1939–1944 Collecting Art in the Turmoil of War: Lithuania in 1939–1944
Art History & Criticism / Meno istorija ir kritika 16 ISSN 1822-4555 (Print), ISSN 1822-4547 (Online) https://doi.org/10.2478/mik-2020-0003 Giedrė JANKEVIČIŪTĖ Vilnius Academy of Arts, Vilnius, Lithuania Osvaldas DAUGELIS M. K. Čiurlionis National Museum of Art, Kaunas, Lithuania 35 COLLECTING ART IN THE TURMOIL OF WAR: LITHUANIA IN 1939–1944 COLLECTING ART IN THE TURMOIL OF WAR: LITHUANIA IN 1939–1944 IN LITHUANIA WAR: OF TURMOIL THE IN ART COLLECTING Summary. The article deals with the growth of the art collections of the Lithuanian national and municipal museums during WWII, a period traditionally seen as particularly unfavourable for cultural activities. During this period, the dynamics of Lithuanian museum art collections were maintained by two main sources. The first was caused by nationalist politics, or, more precisely, one of its priorities to support Lithuanian art by acquiring artworks from contemporaries. The exception to this strategy is the attention given to the multicultural art scene of Vilnius, partly Jewish, but especially Polish art, which led to the purchase of Polish artists’ works for the Vilnius Municipal Museum and the Vytautas the Great Museum of Culture in Kaunas, which had the status of a national art collection. The second important source was the nationalisation of private property during the Soviet occupation of 1940–1941. This process enabled the Lithuanian museums to enrich their collections with valuable objets d’art first of all, but also with paintings, sculptures and graphic prints. Due to the nationalisation of manor property, the collections of provincial museums, primarily Šiauliai Aušra and Samogitian Museum Alka in Telšiai, significantly increased. -
Travelling in Aukštaitija National Park
AukštAITIJA NATIONAL PARK INVITES TO TRAVEL! Aukštaitija National Park (ANP) has a unique landscape of hilly lakeland characterized by great natural diversity and cultural heritage that is one of the oldest in Lithuania. This hilly lakeland area that has been formed by glaciers consists of interconnecting lakes with interfering ridges. The most picturesque is Šiliniškės Ridge with Ladakalnis fa- mous for its exceptional panoramic view, and historical complex of Ginučiai, Papiliakalnė Mound. There are 127 lakes in the parks, including the deepest Lithuanian lake - Taura- gnas. They serve as the headwaters for the river Žeimena that feeds the largest Lithuanian rivers Neris and Nemunas. The striking terrain and the cultural landscape that were formed as a result of human economic activity have determined the diversity of natural conditions and species. There are more than 4.5 thousands of plant, fungus and animal species registered in the park, and 195 of them are included in the Lithuanian Red Book. One of the most valuable and least affected by human activity territory is the old forest of Ažvinčiai. Baluošas lake is unique in that it has a lake laying in one of the islands, and wild orchids growing on the coast the most impressive being lady’s slippers (Cypripedium calceolus). The cultural heritage of this region is characterized by the largest number of prehis- toric settlements and barrows in Lithuania, the mounds of Tauragnai, Taurapilis, Sėlė, Ginučiai, Papiliakalnė, Puziniškis, and Rėkučiai fortification forming an entire system of defence, and dispersed villages of Strazdai, Šuminai, Varniškės, Vaišnoriškės and Salos that have retained their traditional arrangement. -
Objektu Sarasas.Xlsx
Apskritis Savivaldybė Seniūnija Gyvenvietė Objekto tipas Įstaigos pavadinimas Adresas 1 Alytaus Alytaus miesto Alytus Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Poilsio g. 19, Alytus 2 Alytaus Alytaus miesto Alytus Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Kalniškės g. 40, Alytus 3 Alytaus Alytaus miesto Alytus Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Stoties g. 18, LT-62431 Alytus 4 Alytaus Alytaus miesto Alytus Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Artojų g. 3A, Alytus 5 Alytaus Alytaus miesto Alytus Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Ulonų g. 14, Alytus 6 Alytaus Alytaus miesto Alytus Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Pulko g. 23, Alytus 7 Alytaus Alytaus miesto Alytus Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Pulko g. 12, Alytus 8 Alytaus Alytaus miesto Alytus Savivaldybė Alytaus m. savivaldybės administracija Rotušės a. 4, LT-62504 Alytus 9 Alytaus Alytaus miesto Alytus Savivaldybė Alytaus r. savivaldybės administracija Pulko g. 21, LT-62135 Alytus 10 Alytaus Alytaus miesto Alytus Vidaus reikalų ministerija Alytaus miesto ir rajono policijos komisariatas Jotvingių g. 8, LT-62116 Alytus 11 Alytaus Alytaus rajono Alytaus Miklusėnai Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Miklusėnai, Alytaus r. 12 Alytaus Alytaus rajono Alytaus Miklusėnai Seniūnija Alytaus seniūnija Užubalių g. 3, Miklusėnai, Alytaus r. 13 Alytaus Alytaus rajono Alytaus Panemuninkai Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Panemuninkai, Alytaus r. 14 Alytaus Alytaus rajono Alytaus Praniūnai Biblioteka Alytaus r. savivaldybės viešoji b-ka. Praniūnų filialas Praniūnai, LT-62187 Alytaus r. 15 Alytaus Alytaus rajono Alytaus Praniūnai Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Praniūnai, Alytaus r. 16 Alytaus Alytaus rajono Alytaus Radžiūnai Biblioteka Alytaus r. savivaldybės viešoji b-ka. Radžiūnų filialas Radžiūnai, LT-62181 Alytaus r. 17 Alytaus Alytaus rajono Alovės Alovė Mokymo įstaiga Alytaus rajono Alovės pagrindinė mokykla Mokyklos g.