The Roman Empire Key Vocabulary Definition I need to know: • There is evidence of the Roman Empire throughout Europe through ruins Empire A group of countries ruled over by a single monarch or ruler. such as forts, villas, amphitheatres, aqueducts, bridges and roads.

Amphitheatre An open circular/oval building with a central space, for dramatic or • Cities which have the ending ‘-chester’ were Roman cities plus some sporting events, surrounded by tiers of seats for spectators. others such as Bath, York, Exeter and Lincoln.

Aqueducts A channel for transporting water, usually in the form of a bridge. • Roman cities were built near seas/rivers or other natural resources. They Chester (Deva) A city in the north-west of England which was an important city for the were also places that they could defend themselves easily. Romans. • The Romans invaded a large amount of Europe. The countries they invaded became part of the Roman Empire. River Dee The river that flows through Chester. • The countries invaded by the Romans were not the modern ones that we Fort A strong building or place with a wall or fence around it where soldiers can know today. They had different names and boundaries e.g. Britannia, stay and be safe from the enemy. Gaul.

Hadrian’s Wall A defensive wall that ran from the North Sea to the Irish Sea forming the • An important city to the Romans was Chester which they called Deva. boundary of the Roman Empire. They built it as a fortress for the Roman Army so that they could advance Map symbols Basic pictures used on a map to represent real life places. north. It was also near the River Dee and Hadrian’s Wall.

Eastings A line representing eastward distance on a map—the first 2 numbers on a • When finding points using a 4 figure grid reference you use the first 2 4 figure grid reference. numbers for the eastings (moving across) and the second 2 numbers for the northings (moving up). The bottom left hand corner of the grid Northings A line representing northward distance on a map—the last 2 numbers on a corresponds to the grid reference. 4 figure grid reference. • Lots of Roman remains found in Chester today are found within or around Lyon (Lugdunum) The third largest city in France which was called Lugdunum by the Romans. the city walls.

River Rhone The river that runs through Lyon. • There is evidence of Roman remains in many cities in western Europe because they invaded and ruled a large portion of this area. River Saone The river that joins the River Rhone in Lyon. • An important city was Lyon in France (Gaul). It was called Lugdunum and was ideally positioned to invade Germania (north-central Europe inhibited By the end of this topic I will be able to: by Germanic tribes). • Identify Roman towns and cities on a map and recognise why they are located in these places • Many remains in Lyon are found on Fouviere Hill and is where the first Roman settlements were. These remains are near the rivers Rhone and • Identify and name chosen European countries and their capital cities. Saone. • Identify and name a range of OS map symbols.

• Use 4 figure grid references to locate places on an OS map. • Describe some places where the Romans settled. • Compare Roman cities Chester and Lyon.