DOCSLIB.ORG

St. Athanasius 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
St. Athanasius 1 10/4/2013 So why did Arianism fail? Four Major Reasons St. Athanasius 1. Great Saint(s), like Saint Athanasius Contra Mundum 2. Monasticism 3. A Catholic Emperor 4. Heresy (Error) is not self-sustaining, Part IV of necessity it implodes Great Saints Monasticism (1) God always raises great saints from among (1) Grew at an extraordinarily rapid date the clergy & religious to “save” His Church (2) Saves Civilization (2) The graver the crisis, the greater the saints (3) A direct ‘litmus test’ for the Church’s health (3) The 4th Century was filled with great saints Four Great Eastern Church Fathers • Rome was collapsing: Western Civilization as man knew it was at the end of an age, St. Athanasius, St. Basil, St. Gregory Nazianzen, St. John Chrysostom • The monks were rejecting an evil and dying world Four Great Western Church Fathers that mocked and discredited itself St. Ambrose, St. Jerome, St. Augustine, St. Gregory the Great • Very few of the monks were Arian St. Sylvester, St. Julius, St. Damasus, St. Nicholas, So many others! • This was a hidden army whose strength utterly St. Eustathius of Antioch, St. Paul of Constantinople, St. Cyril of Jerusalem, confounded the enemies of God St. Alexander of Alexandria, St. Maximian of Treveri, St. Hilary of Poiters, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Serapion, St. Antony, St. Pachomius … A Catholic Emperor Heresy is Self-Destructive (1) The Universal Kingship of Christ (1) True Life can only be found in the Truth (2) Church and State are meant to work together (2) Heresy is to “cut away” to divide (3) A monarchy most closely mirrors heaven (3) Once heresy is accepted, there is no principle of unity; a process of disintegration (splintering ad infinitum) is inevitable • Imperial Force facilitated Arianism (heresy is always spread at the point of a sword) • Once the Arians vanquished their common enemy • Arianism was not finally subdued until the Emperors (Nicea & Athanatius) and had achieved an apparent stopped being Arian victory, they turned upon themselves • The Roman Empire never had a saintly Catholic • They favored ambiguity so unity was impossible Emperor (Catholicism had not yet taken sufficient root • They turn their perfected tactics of imperial force and in the soil of Roman imperial culture and society) conciliar machinations upon each other 1 10/4/2013 Arian Divisions Arian Councils (1) Anomoeans: The divine nature is fully (358) 4th Council of Sirmium: Led by Basil of Ancyra, comprehensible by the human mind victory for the semi-Arians (2) Heteroousians: The Father and the Son are unlike (359) Council or Rimini: “Dated Creed”, Homean victory; each other in substance homoin – the Son is similar to the Father in all things (3) Homeans: The Son is like (how?) the Father (359) Creed of Nice in Thrace: An Arian “Nicean” Creed; (4) Homoiousians: The Father and the Son are like each anathemizes Arianism but accepts Arian theology! other in substance; semi-Arians (5) Pneumatomachi: The Holy Ghost is a creature (359) Council at Seleucia: Compromise between various (6) Eunomians: A division of Anomoeans who followed the Arian groups with the ambiguous Nice Creed schismatic Eunomius of Cyzicus (360) Council at Constantinople – Great Arian Victory for (7) Macedonians: A division of Pneumatomachi who followed Urascius and Valens; Total of 70 opposing Arian bishops Macedonius of Constantinople deposed (Anomeans, Macedonians, and Semi-Arians) The Darkest Moment Third Exile: Desert, 356-362 Where could you find the True Church? Hidden by the monks; always on the run His most prolific writing period: Apology for Flight, Ingemuit totus orbis et Arianum se esse miratus est. Four Discourses Against the Arians, History of the Arians - St. Jerome Life of St. Antony “The whole world gave forth a groan in astonishment Maintains communication with many other orthodox to find itself Arian.” leaders throughout the world “They may have the buildings but we have the We turn to the Invisible Patriarch of the Desert, Apostolic Faith! Which is greater?” and his ‘pen of faith’ which proved far mightier than the imperial sword. Imperial Arian Power Wanes Champion of Orthodoxy The Demise of Constantius Athanasius’ triumphant return (only for 8 months!) . Julian declared emperor in Gaul (360 Apr) Synod of Alexandria (362) . St. Hilary’s Synod in Paris (360 Nov) . Athanasius uses his towering prestige to bring a divided . Civil War and confused Eastern Church back into orthodoxy . Baptism and Death (361 Nov) . Reconciles those who have fallen away (Only obstinate Gruesome end of George the Pork Dealer heretics to be condemned; No retaliation or use of force) . Attacks the Pagan’s Mithras Temple; Flees (359) . Doctrine has primacy over its linguistic expression . Returns (363) and is killed by a mob . The Divinity of Holy Ghost; On the Trinity . The Arian Lucius named anti-Patriarch St. Eusebius of Vercelli supports the Synod Emperor Julian the Apostate (361 Nov –363 June) Lucifer of Calaris causes schism in Antioch Conversion of Gentiles; Growth of Church 2 10/4/2013 Julian vs. Athanasius Emperors Jovian and Valens Julian is a self-proclaimed Apostate; his ultimate goal Jovian the Catholic is to restore the glory of paganism . Returns Athanasius to his See . Edict recalling all of Constantius’ exiled bishops and . Dies within eight months granting ‘religious freedom’ to all . Privileges granted to Pagans Valens the Arian . Taxation for Christians; persecution for them as well . Valentinian, his brother, rules in the West Athanasius’ Fourth Exile (Oct 362 – Feb 364) . Valens brings back persecutions in the East . By Dec 1 he must be gone or heavy fines Athanasius’ Fifth Exile (Oct 365 – Feb 366) . Oct 23, Athanasius escapes down the Nile River . Four months hiding in his father’s tomb . Easter, flees deep into the Thebiad . Procopius’ rebellion influences Valens Julian attempts to rebuild Jerusalem Temple (362) . Athanasius is returned to his See by imperial soldiers with Julian is killed in a Persian skirmish (June 363) all honors and is left in peace the remainder of his years Final Seven “Peaceful” Years Oversees the growth of his local Church . Despite attacks from a heathen mob and Arian Lucius Governs with great wisdom, mercy and justice . Illicit consecration by Bishop Philo of Siderius . Excommunicates the Libyan Governor Unity and Stability for the Church in the East . Correspondence with Basil the Great of Cæsarea . Seeks to heal the schism in Antioch . Reconcilation for Marcellus of Ancyra . Reconciliation for the Semi-Arians who oppose Valens Pope Damasus hosts a Synod in Rome (369) . Final death blow to Arianism in the West Athanasius enters into eternal glory: 2 May 373 AD 3 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Language and Theology in St Gregory of Nyssa
    Durham E-Theses Language and theology in St Gregory of Nyssa Neamµu, Mihail G. How to cite: Neamµu, Mihail G. (2002) Language and theology in St Gregory of Nyssa, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4187/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk University of Durham Faculty of Arts Department of Theology The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Language and Theology in St Gregory of Nyssa Mihail G. Neamtu St John's College September 2002 M.A. in Theological Research Supervisor: Prof Andrew Louth This dissertation is the product of my own work, and the work of others has been properly acknowledged throughout. Mihail Neamtu Language and Theology in St Gregory of Nyssa MA (Research) Thesis, September 2002 Abstract This MA thesis focuses on the work of one of the most influential and authoritative theologians of the early Church: St Gregory of Nyssa (f396).
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT the Apostolic Tradition in the Ecclesiastical Histories Of
    ABSTRACT The Apostolic Tradition in the Ecclesiastical Histories of Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret Scott A. Rushing, Ph.D. Mentor: Daniel H. Williams, Ph.D. This dissertation analyzes the transposition of the apostolic tradition in the fifth-century ecclesiastical histories of Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret. In the early patristic era, the apostolic tradition was defined as the transmission of the apostles’ teachings through the forms of Scripture, the rule of faith, and episcopal succession. Early Christians, e.g., Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Origen, believed that these channels preserved the original apostolic doctrines, and that the Church had faithfully handed them to successive generations. The Greek historians located the quintessence of the apostolic tradition through these traditional channels. However, the content of the tradition became transposed as a result of three historical movements during the fourth century: (1) Constantine inaugurated an era of Christian emperors, (2) the Council of Nicaea promulgated a creed in 325 A.D., and (3) monasticism emerged as a counter-cultural movement. Due to the confluence of these sweeping historical developments, the historians assumed the Nicene creed, the monastics, and Christian emperors into their taxonomy of the apostolic tradition. For reasons that crystallize long after Nicaea, the historians concluded that pro-Nicene theology epitomized the apostolic message. They accepted the introduction of new vocabulary, e.g. homoousios, as the standard of orthodoxy. In addition, the historians commended the pro- Nicene monastics and emperors as orthodox exemplars responsible for defending the apostolic tradition against the attacks of heretical enemies. The second chapter of this dissertation surveys the development of the apostolic tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • St Basil's Contribution to the Trinitarian Doctrine: A
    ST BASIL’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE TRINITARIAN DOCTRINE: A SYNTHESIS OF GREEK PAIDEIA AND THE SCRIPTURAL WORLDVIEW Philip Kariatlis Abstract: St Basil’s contribution to the formulation of the doctrine of the Holy Trinity has long been acknowledged in the Christian tradition. Indeed, he was responsible for articulating the ‘orthodox’ vision of God with theological and philosophical originality that truly laid the foundations upon which the way of pondering the Trinitarian mystery in the East was established. His achievement lay in his remarkable ability to ennoble the culture of the day with the Christian message without in any way compromising the latter. This paper explores the Trinitarian theology of St Basil with a view towards highlighting the harmonious synthesis of Greek paideia and the scriptural worldview. ndeniably, the Church’s teaching on the mystery of the Holy Trinity stands at the very heart of Christian belief. Indeed, Uit has rightly been recognised as Christianity’s differentia specifica, namely that specific teaching which clearly distinguishes the 1 Christian faith from all other forms of monotheism. Notwithstanding the importance of this teaching and the fact that it is firmly rooted in the Scriptures, it nevertheless took the early Church many years to acquire a clearly articulated theology of the Trinitarian mystery. The need for precise terminology particularly emerged when the Church had to define with accuracy in what way the one God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob – namely, the Father almighty – was related to Jesus Christ – who was professed to be God’s only begotten Son, his eternal Word and Image – PHRONEMA, VOL.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting Template
    RECLAIMING THE NON-NICENE PAST: THEOPHILUS THE INDIAN AND ULFILA THE GOTH AS MISSIONARY HEROES By ANNA LANKINA A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Anna Lankina 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The various and numerous people who make it possible for one human being to pursue research and writing in history all contribute special and unique gifts essential to the success of such an undertaking. For equipping me so well for the challenges of graduate school, I wish to gratefully acknowledge the faculty and community of Hillsdale College. Specifically, for revealing to me the wonder that is the world of Late Antiquity and for his perseverance through the supervision of my honor’s thesis, I would like to wholeheartedly thank Professor Harold A. Siegel. For her excellent Greek and Latin teaching abilities and for her delightful friendship, I would also like to thank Dr. Lorna Holmes. I am immensely thankful to all the members of my family, who, despite being scattered over multiple continents and many cities, have always eagerly desired my success and cheered me on. In particular, the support and encouragement of Marilee Harris, Olga Dimchevskaya, Rada Lankina, my father Vladimir Lankin, and my mother Natasha Lankina was and is indispensable. My husband Jasper has persistently sought out each and every way of helping me achieve my goals, down to the final draft; for that and many other things I am tremendously grateful. My indebtedness to the members of my graduate committee, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • (CE:1252A-1253A) HOMOEANS, a Group Forming the Middle Ground Of
    (CE:1252a-1253a) HOMOEANS, a group forming the middle ground of the anti- Nicene and anti-Athanasian party in the last decade of the reign of Emperor Constantius II (337-361); their views came closest to those of the emperor. Under their leader, ACACIUS OF CAESAREA, they held that Christ was "like God." They repudiated all reference to ousia ("substance") in the creed as being unscriptural but attracted a large proportion of clergy in both East and West, who by 355 were wearying of the seemingly perpetual controversy over the meaning of ousia. This had been enshrined as the surest way of proclaiming the Son as Homoousion to Patri (of the same substance as the Father) in the Nicene Creed. The term homoios first occurs in 345 in the Creed of the Long Lines (the Macrostichos). It is not mentioned specifically in the Second Creed of Sirmium in 357 (the "Blasphemy" of Sirmium), which left the Son subordinate to the Father and banned the use of ousia with reference to Him. Two years later, however, in the Dated Creed or Fourth Creed of Sirmium (22 May 359), it had become a test word (thus, Socrates Scholasticus, Historia ecclesiastica II.37.18-24; Athanasius, Epistula de synodis 8). By this time Constantius had come around to the view that the best hope of securing universal agreement on the faith was through a formula that was less vague than "the Blasphemy of Sirmium" but did not contain the term ousia. To say that the Son was "like the Father" would enable the largest measure of agreement possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Knowledge, Language and Intellection from Origen to Gregory Nazianzen a Selective Survey
    Epistemological theories of the patristic authors seldom attract attention of the re- searchers. This unfortunate status quo contrasts with a crucial place of the theory EARLY CHRISTIANITY of knowledge in the thought of such prominent authors as Origen and the Cappa- ECCA 18 docian fathers. This book surveys the patristic epistemological discourse in its vari- IN THE CONTEXT ous settings. In the context of the Church history it revolves around the Eunomian controversy, Eunomius’ language theory and Gregory Nazianzen’s cognitive theory, where the ideas of Apostle Paul were creatively combined with the Peripatetic teach- OF ANTIQUITY ing. In the framework of Biblical exegesis, it touches upon the issues of the textual criticism of the Homeric and Jewish scholarship, which had significantly shaped Origen’s paradigm of the Biblical studies. Edited by Anders-Christian Jacobsen, Christine Shepardson, Jörg Ulrich Anna Usacheva Knowledge, Language and Intellection from Origen to Gregory Nazianzen A Selective Survey Anna Usacheva holds a PhD in Classical Philology and was a lecturer in Patristics and Ancient Languages at St. Tikhon Orthodox University (Moscow, Russia). Cur- rently, she is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellow at the Department of Intellection and Language Knowledge, · Usacheva Anna Theology, Aarhus University (Denmark). 18 ISBN 978-3-631-73109-3 Epistemological theories of the patristic authors seldom attract attention of the re- searchers. This unfortunate status quo contrasts with a crucial place of the theory EARLY CHRISTIANITY of knowledge in the thought of such prominent authors as Origen and the Cappa- ECCA 18 docian fathers. This book surveys the patristic epistemological discourse in its vari- IN THE CONTEXT ous settings.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical and Systematic Modern Observation Concerning the ‘Filioque Addition’
    Adrian Niculcea Historical and systematic modern observation concerning the ‘Filioque Addition’ Abstract The current ecumenical discussions concerning the proceession of the Holy Spirit cannot advance without a proper understanding of the actual essence of Filioque. The Orthodox perception of this issue is greatly affected by remnants of ancient unionist efforts from before the fall of Byzantium. For example, in the Third Council of Toledo (589) the Spanish Church won the argument with the Arianist Visigoths of THE AUTHOR Reccared by admitting some participation of the Son in the act of the Holy Spirit proceeding from the Father. This particular idea has no counterpart in the historical reality of the Arian controversy. This comes into consideration not only when we think of the Orthodox perception of things but is also essential in understanding the failure of some of the Western theologians in providing so called compromise solutions. These are meant to reconcile the Western Prof. Dr. Adrian Niculcea is triadology, focused on the order of the Professor of Systematic proceeding and the Byzantine triadology, Theology at the Theological Fakulty of University Ovidius in which is monopatristic and which rejects any Constanța, Romania urn:nbn:de:0276-2010-2101 International Journal of Orthodox Theology 1:2 (2010) 96 causative participation from the Son in the proceeding of the Spirit. The present study is meant to offer the historically correct original interpretation of the Latin defeat of the Arianists, by identifying the exact meaning of supporting an a patre Filioque proceeding of the Spirit against the Arianist pneumatology of the Visigoths. This will in turn provide a better perspective for ecumenical discussions in general and those in Romania in particular.
    [Show full text]
  • Arianism 1 Arianism
    Arianism 1 Arianism "Arian" redirects here. For other uses, see Arian (disambiguation). Not to be confused with "Aryanism", which is a racial theory. Part of a series of articles on Arianism History and theology • Arius • Acacians • Anomoeanism • Arian controversy • First Council of Nicaea • Lucian of Antioch • Gothic Christianity Arian leaders • Acacius of Caesarea • Aëtius • Demophilus of Constantinople • Eudoxius of Antioch • Eunomius of Cyzicus • Eusebius of Caesarea • Eusebius of Nicomedia • Eustathius of Sebaste • George of Laodicea • Ulfilas Other Arians • Asterius the Sophist • Auxentius of Milan • Auxentius of Durostorum • Constantius II • Wereka and Batwin • Fritigern • Alaric I • Artemius • Odoacer • Theodoric the Great Modern semi-Arians • Samuel Clarke • Isaac Newton • William Whiston Opponents • Peter of Alexandria • Achillas of Alexandria Arianism 2 • Alexander of Alexandria • Hosius of Cordoba • Athanasius of Alexandria • Paul I of Constantinople Christianity portal • v • t [1] • e Arianism is the theological teaching attributed to Arius (c. AD 250–336), a Christian presbyter in Alexandria, Egypt, concerning the relationship of God the Father to the Son of God, Jesus Christ. Arius asserted that the Son of God was a subordinate entity to God the Father. Deemed a heretic by the Ecumenical First Council of Nicaea of 325, Arius was later exonerated in 335 at the regional First Synod of Tyre,[2] and then, after his death, pronounced a heretic again at the Ecumenical First Council of Constantinople of 381. The Roman Emperors Constantius II (337–361) and Valens (364–378) were Arians or Semi-Arians. The Arian concept of Christ is that the Son of God did not always exist, but was created by—and is therefore distinct from—God the Father.
    [Show full text]
  • The Theological Controversy Between Eunomius and Basil the Great: a Philosophical Approach
    Perichoresis Volume 11. Issue 1 (2013): 3-28 DOI 10.2478/ perc-2013-0001 THE THEOLOGICAL CONTROVERSY BETWEEN EUNOMIUS AND BASIL THE GREAT: A PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH CHRISTOS TEREZIS and SPYROS P. PANAGOPOULOS * University of Patras ABSTRACT. In this paper we examine an aspect of the conflict between Eunomius of Cyzicus and Basil the Great, as it referred to supreme dogmatic matters, such as the relationships between the Persons of the Holy Trinity. This theological rupture appears in a period, during which Christian doctrines are composed at advanced levels of maturity, also with the development among other things of impressive leaps toward which had been attempted by Origen, who was basically also the founder of Christian Her- meneutics. We refer to the basic concept of the conflict, namely the epinoia , and we set it off through the ontological-epistemological knowledge-contrast of realism-idealism. Our research programme is based in part on the historical element, par excellence on the systematic. As to the specific object of analysis, our report will be limited to an outline text of Basil of Caesarea and our aim will be to draw it out in its full development, from one expression to the next. This is the sixth chapter of the first book from the treatise Against Eunomius . KEY WORDS: Eunomius of Cyzicus, Basil the Great, epinoia , idealism, realism Introduction The controversy between Eunomius 1 and the Cappadocian Fathers Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa was of particular concern to the theological thought of By- zantium during the 4th century, as it referred to supreme dogmatic matters, such * CHRISTOS TEREZIS is a Professor of Ancient Greek and Byzantine Philosophy, as well as Proc- tor of School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Patras, Greece.
    [Show full text]
  • Goad Sbts 1342D 10002.Pdf
    Copyright © 2010 Keith Wesley Goad All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. TRINITARIAN GRAMMARS: A COMPARISON OF GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS AND SOME CONTEMPORARY MODELS ________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Keith Wesley Goad December 2010 APPROVAL SHEET TRINITARIAN GRAMMARS: A COMPARISON OF GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS AND SOME CONTEMPORARY MODELS Keith Wesley Goad Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Stephen J. Wellum (Chair) __________________________________________ Michael A. G. Haykin __________________________________________ Gregg Allison Date_______________________________ To Lisa My beautiful wife TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . vii PREFACE . ix Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Back to Tradition . 3 New Eastern Emphasis . 7 Thesis . 8 Why Gregory of Nazianzus? . 9 Chapter Summaries . 15 Translations . 16 2. GREGORY THE GRAMMATICAL THEOLOGIAN . 18 *UHJRU\¶V8VHRI6FULSWXUHDVD*UDPPDWLFDO7KHRORJLDQ *UHJRU\¶V*UDPPDUIRUWKH.QRZOHGJHRI*RG Conclusion . 65 *5(*25<¶6*5$00$5)257+(75,1,7< Paradox and Polemics. 70 Safeguarding the Three . 90 Safeguarding Monotheism . 111 iv Chapter Page Conclusion . 167 4. EAST AND WEST COMPARED . 169 Proposals for East and West Division . 170 Similar in Method . 180 Similar in Person-Essence Grammars . 188 $XJXVWLQH¶V8VHRI*UHJRU\ . 198 Conclusion . 200 5. ECONOMIC AND IMMANENT AS IDENTICAL OR REFLECTIVE: 5$+1(5¶658/($1' *5(*25<¶6*5$00$5 . 202 God the Creator . 203 God the Savior . 205 5DKQHU¶V5XOH. 206 God the Revealer .
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Those Who Were Suspicious of Or Against Nicaea: A. Homoiousians
    1 1. Those who were suspicious of or against Nicaea: a. Homoiousians (“of like substance”, “like in all things”) (Ayres, Nicaea, 149ff; Kelly, Creeds, 288; Kelly, Doctrine, 250; Meredith, Cappadocians, 102f) • In reaction to the “blasphemy of Sirmium,” theologians of this orientation met in 358 under the leadership of Basil of Ancyra and produced a document stating categorically that there is a similarity between the Father and the Son. The Son’s ousia is clearly next to the Father’s ousia and not among the ousiai of creatures. However the Son’s and the Father’s substances (ousiai) are not identical, but alike. • Against Arianism, but also uneasy with Nicaea, this large group was troubled by the Nicene term homoousios, thinking that it led to a Sabellianian denial of any distinction between Father and Son. (They clearly suspected pro-Nicene bishop Marcellus of Ancyra of Sabellianism and repeatedly asked western theologians to condemn him.) Ø Against Arianism: Christ is not a creature but Son of the Father, for ‘creator and creature are one thing; Father and Son another’; Ø Against Marcellus: The Son was not simply an ‘energy’ of the Father but ‘a substance (ousia) like the Father’ (Kelly, Doctrine, 250). • Eusebius of Caesarea, Cyril of Jerusalem, George of Laodicea, Basil of Ancyra. The Cappadocians would emerge from this group. b. Homoians (homoios—“like” without any further specification), Anti-Nicaea: • An alliance of Arian theologians emerged following the Council of Sirmium in 357 and had a considerable influence on emperor Constantius. • It rejected all theologies that see commonality of essence between Father and Son.
    [Show full text]
  • Biographical Sketches & Short Descriptions of Select Anonymous
    Biographical Sketches & Short Descriptions of Select Anonymous Works This listing is cumulative, including all the authors and works cited in this series to date. Abraham of Nathpar (fl. sixth-seventh to Origen. However, trinitarian terminology, century). Monk of the Eastern Church who coupled with references to Methodius and allu- flourished during the monastic revival of the sions to the fourth-century Constantinian era sixth to seventh century. Among his works is bring this attribution into question. a treatise on prayer and silence that speaks of Adamnan (c. 624-704). Abbot of Iona, Ireland, the importance of prayer becoming embodied and author of the life of St. Columba. He was through action in the one who prays. His work influential in the process of assimilating the has also been associated with John of Apamea Celtic church into Roman liturgy and church or Philoxenus of Mabbug. order. He also wrote On the Holy Sites, which Acacius of Beroea (c. 340-c. 436). Syrian monk influenced Bede. known for his ascetic life. He became bishop Alexander of Alexandria (fl. 312-328). Bishop of Beroea in 378, participatedSAMPLE—DO in the council of of Alexandria NOT and predecessor COPY of Athanasius, Constantinople in 381, and played an important on whom he exerted considerable theological role in mediating between Cyril of Alexandria influence during the rise of Arianism. Alexander and John of Antioch; however, he did not take excommunicated Arius, whom he had appointed part in the clash between Cyril and Nestorius. to the parish of Baucalis, in 319. His teach- Acacius of Caesarea (d.
    [Show full text]