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14-02-20 Libro Defensoria INFORME DEFENSORIAL ÍNDICE I. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................................................................................13 PRIMERA PARTE – MARCO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN I. JUSTIFICACIÓN ........................................................................................................................................................................17 II. OBJETIVOS Y ALCANCES ........................................................................................................................................................18 2.1. Objetivos .................................................................................................................................................................................18 2.1.1. Objetivo General ...........................................................................................................................................................18 2.1.2. Objetivos Específicos .....................................................................................................................................................18 2.2. Alcance ..................................................................................................................................................................................18 III. MECANISMOS DE INTERVENCIÓN .........................................................................................................................................19 3.1. Requerimientos de Información Escrita ..................................................................................................................................19 3.2. Verificación defensorial ...........................................................................................................................................................19 3.3. Conversatorio:“Pueblos Indígenas en Ámbitos Urbanos y Políticas Públicas” .......................................................................21 3.4. Mesa de Trabajo: “Ejercicio del Derecho a la Participación de Pueblos Indígenas en Ámbitos Urbanos en la Formulación de Políticas Públicas” ..................................................................................................................21 3.5. Mesa de Trabajo: “Construcción de la Propuesta de Plan Interinstitucional Intercultural” ......................................................21 3.6. Entrevistas .............................................................................................................................................................................21 3.7. Revisión periodística ...............................................................................................................................................................22 3.8. Revisión documental ...............................................................................................................................................................22 SEGUNDA PARTE – CONSIDERACIONES GENERALES I. ANTECEDENTES .........................................................................................................................................................................25 1.1. Estudios previos .....................................................................................................................................................................25 1.1.1. Informe Defensorial: “Estado de Situación del Pueblo Ayoreo” .....................................................................................25 1.1.2. Estudio por enumeración completa de la población ayorea en la ciudad de Santa Cruz de la Sierra ..............................26 1.1.3. Mesa Temática: “Pueblos Indígenas en el Ámbito Urbano” ...........................................................................................27 1.2. Datos estadísticos ...................................................................................................................................................................27 1.2.1. Pueblos Indígena Originario Campesinos ......................................................................................................................27 1.2.2. Pueblo indígena Ayoreo en el departamento de Santa Cruz ...........................................................................................28 1.2.3. Pueblo indígena Ayoreo en el municipio de Santa Cruz .................................................................................................28 II. CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO ...........................................................................................................................................................29 2.1. Antecedentes históricos ..........................................................................................................................................................29 2.1.1. La Colonia ......................................................................................................................................................................29 2.1.2. La República ..................................................................................................................................................................29 2.2. Nivel internacional ...................................................................................................................................................................31 2.2.1. Convenio N° 107 de la OIT.............................................................................................................................................31 2.2.2. Convenio N° 169 de la OIT.............................................................................................................................................32 2.2.3. Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de Pueblos Indígenas ............................................................33 III. CONTEXTO DEL ESTADO PLURINACIONAL ...........................................................................................................................34 3.1. Modelo de Estado ...................................................................................................................................................................34 3.2. Estado Unitario, Social de Derecho, Plurinacional Comunitario con Autonomías ....................................................................34 3.3. Interculturalidad ......................................................................................................................................................................35 3.4. Poblaciones en situación de vulnerabilidad ............................................................................................................................37 3.4.1. Protección reforzada a grupos vulnerables ....................................................................................................................38 IV. MARCO CONCEPTUAL ............................................................................................................................................................38 4.1. Naciones y Pueblos Indígena Originario Campesinos .............................................................................................................38 4.1.1. Naciones y Pueblos Indígena Originarios en Situación de Alta Vulnerabilidad ...............................................................39 4.1.1.1. Situaciones de alta vulnerabilidad .......................................................................................................................39 4.1.2. Pueblos indígenas y derechos de minorías ....................................................................................................................40 4.1.3. Población indígena en contexto de ciudad .....................................................................................................................42 4.1.4. Pueblos Indígenas en la ciudad de Santa Cruz ...............................................................................................................43 4.2. Abordaje de derechos para pueblos indígenas en contexto de ciudad ....................................................................................46 4.3. Enfoque de derechos en las políticas públicas ........................................................................................................................46 4.3.1. Enfoque diferencial de derechos ....................................................................................................................................48 4.3.1.1. Enfoque diferencial indígena.................................................................................................................................48 4.3.1.2. El enfoque diferencial e interseccional respecto a los derechos de las naciones y pueblos indígenas ................49 4.3.1.3. Las Naciones y Pueblos Indígena Originario Campesinos como sujetos de marginación, exclusión o discriminación histórica ...................................................................................................................50 4.3.1.4. Abordajes para superar la marginación, exclusión y discriminación histórica .....................................................51 4.4. Pobreza y exclusión social ......................................................................................................................................................51 TERCERA
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