Ayoreo Curing Songs John Renshaw University of Kent, [email protected]
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The Hispanization of Chamacoco Syntax
DOI: 10.26346/1120-2726-170 The hispanization of Chamacoco syntax Luca Ciucci Language and Culture Research Centre, James Cook University, Australia <[email protected]> This paper investigates contact-driven syntactic change in Chamacoco (a.k.a. Ɨshɨr ahwoso), a Zamucoan language with about 2,000 speakers in Paraguay. Chamacoco syntax was originally characterized by a low number of conjunc- tions, like its cognate Ayoreo. Although Chamacoco shows transfers from other neighboring languages, a turning point in language change was the beginning of regular contacts with Western society around the year 1885. Since then, Spanish has exerted a growing influence on Chamacoco, affecting all levels of linguistic analysis. Most speakers are today Chamacoco-Spanish bilingual, and the lan- guage is endangered. Chamacoco has borrowed some conjunctions from Spanish, and new clause combining strategies have replaced older syntactic structures. Other function words introduced from Spanish include temporal adverbs, dis- course markers, quantifiers and prepositions. I discuss their uses, the reasons for their borrowing and their interaction with original Chamacoco function words. Some borrowed function words can combine with autochthonous conjunctions to create new subordinators that are calques from Spanish compound subor- dinating conjunctions. This resulted in remarkable syntactic complexification. Chamacoco comparatives, modeled on the Spanish ones, are also likely instances of contact-induced complexification, since there are reasons to surmise that Chamacoco originally lacked dedicated comparative structures. Keywords: Chamacoco, clause combining, comparatives, coordination, function words, language contact, South American Indigenous languages, subordination, syntax, Zamucoan. 1. Introduction This study analyzes the influence exerted by Spanish on the syntax of Chamacoco, a Zamucoan language of northern Paraguay. -
PUEBLOS INDÍGENOS AISLADOS En La Amazonia Y El Gran Chaco “™"!2008
www.flacsoandes.edu.ec \J S e ‘X x o l 8 PUEBLOS INDÍGENOS AISLADOS en la Amazonia y el Gran Chaco “™"!2008 UN APORTE DE ECUADOR A LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA POLÍTICA REGIONAL m 3 o S . S g 5 É > 2 > e Publicado por ■ Ministerio del Ambiente de Ecuador - Plan de Medidas Cautelares para la Protección de los Pueblos Indígenas Aislados ■ Programa para la Conservación y Manejo Sostenible del Patrimonio Natural y Cultural de la Reserva de la Biósfera Yasuní FLACSO N E : ... NB: . 5IS 1... BÍBLIÜTECA-FLACSO-EC F echa ... ./. ¿zJ& c-tsP . Z P fR . ., P r e c i o ........... .................................................... P roveedor............... .................. C a n je ............................................................ .Jonación. ...m .v ........................ Levantamiento de textos ■ Poema Carrión Revisión y edición de textos ■ Alejandro Aguirre Edición final ■ Alejandra Adoum ■ 2010 Quito, Ecuador PUEBLOS *JDÍGENAS A 3LAD0S EN LA AMAZCArA y EL GRAN CHACO Prólogo Pueblos Indígenas Aislados y 7 en Contacto Inicial en la Amazonia y el Gran Chaco Beatriz Huertas La salud como problema clave 15 en la situación de los Pueblos Indígenas Aislados Neptalí Cueva La Política Pública 33 para Indígenas Aislados y de Contacto Reciente en Brasil Antenor Vaz Los Pueblos Indígenas Aislados 45 en Paraguay y Bolivia 4 Bernardo Fischermann I La Iniciativa Amotocodie 53 y los pueblos Ayoreo 5 del Paraguay Miguel Ángel Alarcón El Plan de Medidas Cautelares 69 como parte de la política específica de protección a los Pueblos Indígenas Aislados en -
Captive Communities: Situation of the Guaraní Indigenous People and Contemporary Forms of Slavery in the Bolivian Chaco
INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 58 24 December 2009 Original: Spanish CAPTIVE COMMUNITIES: SITUATION OF THE GUARANÍ INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF SLAVERY IN THE BOLIVIAN CHACO 2009 Internet: http://www.cidh.org E‐mail: [email protected] OAS Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. Comunidades cautivas : situación del pueblo indígena guaraní y formas contemporáneas de esclavitud en el Chaco de Bolivia = Captive communities : situation of the Guaraní indigenous people and contemporary forms of slavery in the Bolivian Chaco / Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. p. ; cm. (OEA documentos oficiales ; OEA/Ser.L)(OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L) ISBN 978‐0‐8270‐5433‐2 1. Guarani Indians‐‐Human rights‐‐Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 2. Guarani Indians‐‐Slavery‐‐ Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 3. Indigenous peoples‐‐Slavery‐‐Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 4. Indigenous peoples‐‐Human rights‐‐Bolivia. 5. Indigenous peoples‐‐Civil rights‐‐ Bolivia. I. Title. II Series. III. Series. OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 58 Approved by the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights on December 24, 2009 INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS MEMBERS Luz Patricia Mejía Guerrero Víctor E. Abramovich Felipe González Sir Clare Kamau Roberts Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro Florentín Meléndez Paolo G. Carozza ****** Executive Secretary: Santiago A. Canton Assistant Executive Secretary: Elizabeth Abi‐Mershed The IACHR thanks the Governments of Denmark and Spain for the financial support that made it possible to carry out the working and supervisory visit to Bolivia from June 9 to 13, 2008, as well as the preparation of this report. -
“Black Tyrants” (Tyrannidae: Knipolegus) with a Remarkable New Country Record
https://doi.org/10.30456/AVO.2019205 Avocetta 43: 149-158 (2019) Status and distribution of Paraguayan “Black Tyrants” (Tyrannidae: Knipolegus) with a remarkable new country record PAUL SMITH1,2, KEVIN EASLEY3 1 FAUNA Paraguay, Encarnación, Dpto. Itapúa, Paraguay; www.faunaparaguay.com Contact email: [email protected] 2 Para La Tierra, Centro IDEAL - Mariscal Estigarribia 321 c/ Tte. Capurro, Pilar, Dpto. Ñeembucú, Paraguay www.paralatierra.org. 3 Costa Rica Gateway - San José, Costa Rica Abstract – “Black-tyrants” (Tyrannidae: Knipolegus) are a distinctive Neotropical genus of flycatchers with black or dark grey males and brownish or reddish females. Five species have previously been reported in Paraguay and a discussion of all verifiable reports is provided. Knipolegus striaticeps is considered resident and a presumed breeder, but no nest has yet been reported. Knipolegus hudsoni is consid- ered a passage migrant in September and October. Knipolegus cyanirostris is considered a winter visitor. Knipolegus aterrimus is known from few records in the Chaco region, and is possibly a rare altitudinal migrant. The status of Knipolegus lophotes requires further inves- tigation, with Paraguay representing the western extreme of its known range. The first report of Knipolegus poecilurus for the country is documented with photographs. This high-Andean species is considered to be a vagrant pending further information. Key-words: Knipolegus aterrimus, Knipolegus cyanirostris, Knipolegus hudsoni, Knipolegus lophotes, Knipolegus poecilurus, Knipo- legus striaticeps. INTRODUCTION In order to coordinate observer effort and update pub- lished distributional data, here we critically review the dis- The genus Knipolegus consists of 10 species that are dis- tribution of the genus Knipolegus in the country (Fig.1a), tributed throughout most of South America (Farmsworth comment on their status and report an additional and quite & Langham 2004). -
Paraguay: Indigenous Peoples' Survival at Risk
UA: 284/14 Index: AMR 45/010/2014 Paraguay Date: 10 November 2014 URGENT ACTION INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ SURVIVAL AT RISK Land that the Ayoreo Totobiegosode Indigenous people claim as their traditional territory has been invaded in the department of Alto Paraguay in the north of the country. This threatens the survival of the Indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation in this area. During an inspection carried out on 21 October, the Ayoreo Totobiegosode Indigenous people verified that the owner of the neighbouring estate, a cattle ranching company, was building a fence in the land they claim as part of their traditional territory. This particular piece of land was registered in 1997 as property Registration Number RO3 236 of the Ayoreo Totobiegosode, in the department of Puerto Casado, Alto Paraguay, Chaco. According to the rganization People, Environment and Territory (Gente, Ambiente y Territorio, GAT) and the Organization Payipie Ichadie Totobiegosode (OPIT) in 2012 a licence was given by the Ministry of Environment (Secretaría del Ambiente, SEAM) allowing the neighbouring company to exploit an extension of land that included part of the Ayoreo property Registration Number RO3 236, and that is larger than the land legally owned by the firm. This situation puts the Jonoine–urasade, a group of the Ayoreo Totobiesgosode who live in voluntary isolation, in a particularly serious danger given the risk of unwanted contact, further deforestation and irreversible degradation of their natural territory, which puts their livelihoods and cultural and physical survival at risk. On 21 October, legal representatives of the Ayoreo Totobiegosode presented a formal complaint reporting the invasion of the land legally owned by the Indigenous peoples and demanding that the construction of the fence be immediately stopped. -
The Giant Armadillo of the Gran Chaco
The Giant Armadillo of the Gran Chaco A giant armadillo Priodontes maximus at the Saenz-Peña Zoo in South America raises up, balancing with its tail, a common posture for this large species. Venezuela The Guianas: Guyana hat’s the size of Texas and Arizona combined, reaches temperatures Suriname French Guiana Wof 115 degrees Fahrenheit, has plants with 15-inch-long thorns, Colombia and houses an armadillo larger than a coffee table? The South American Gran Chaco, where giant armadillos wander freely. The Gran Chaco region covers more than 1 million square kilometers of Argentina, Bolivia, Perú Brazil Paraguay, and Brazil, with approximately 60 percent in Argentina and Bolivia just 7 percent in Brazil. The region is a mosaic of grasslands, savannas, Paraguay • open woodlands, dry thorn forests, and gallery forests that provide a GRAN CHACO 15 range of habitats where some diverse animal species flourish. • In the gallery forests of the humid Chaco, we regularly encounter animals Argentina that are associated with tropical and subtropical forests, like jaguars, owl monkeys, howler monkeys, peccaries, deer, tapirs, and various kinds of eden- tates, a group of mammals that includes sloths, anteaters, and armadillos. The Gran Chaco—from the Quechua Although there are no sloths in the Chaco, we regularly find lesser anteaters 2003 and sometimes come across giant anteaters. Both the nine-banded armadillo, Indian language of Bolivia for “great hunting ground”—crosses four coun- also found in Texas, and the tatu bola, or three-banded armadillo, which you tries and encompasses an area the can see at the Wild Animal Park’s Animal Care Center and the San Diego Zoo’s size of Texas and Arizona combined. -
The “Person” Category in the Zamuco Languages. a Diachronic Perspective
On rare typological features of the Zamucoan languages, in the framework of the Chaco linguistic area Pier Marco Bertinetto Luca Ciucci Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa The Zamucoan family Ayoreo ca. 4500 speakers Old Zamuco (a.k.a. Ancient Zamuco) spoken in the XVIII century, extinct Chamacoco (Ɨbɨtoso, Tomarâho) ca. 1800 speakers The Zamucoan family The first stable contact with Zamucoan populations took place in the early 18th century in the reduction of San Ignacio de Samuco. The Jesuit Ignace Chomé wrote a grammar of Old Zamuco (Arte de la lengua zamuca). The Chamacoco established friendly relationships by the end of the 19th century. The Ayoreos surrended rather late (towards the middle of the last century); there are still a few nomadic small bands in Northern Paraguay. The Zamucoan family Main typological features -Fusional structure -Word order features: - SVO - Genitive+Noun - Noun + Adjective Zamucoan typologically rare features Nominal tripartition Radical tenselessness Nominal aspect Affix order in Chamacoco 3 plural Gender + classifiers 1 person ø-marking in Ayoreo realis Traces of conjunct / disjunct system in Old Zamuco Greater plural and clusivity Para-hypotaxis Nominal tripartition Radical tenselessness Nominal aspect Affix order in Chamacoco 3 plural Gender + classifiers 1 person ø-marking in Ayoreo realis Traces of conjunct / disjunct system in Old Zamuco Greater plural and clusivity Para-hypotaxis Nominal tripartition All Zamucoan languages present a morphological tripartition in their nominals. The base-form (BF) is typically used for predication. The singular-BF is (Ayoreo & Old Zamuco) or used to be (Cham.) the basis for any morphological operation. The full-form (FF) occurs in argumental position. -
World Bank Document
Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: PAD1365-BO INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF US$200 MILLION Public Disclosure Authorized AND A PROPOSED CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT OF US$30 MILLION TO THE PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA FOR A SANTA CRUZ ROAD CORRIDOR CONNECTOR PROJECT (SAN IGNACIO – SAN JOSE) Public Disclosure Authorized December 13, 2016 Transport and ICT Global Practice Public Disclosure Authorized Latin America and the Caribbean Region This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective June 1, 2016) Currency Unit = Bolivian bolivianos (BOB) BOB 6.91 = US$1.00 US$1.00 = SDR 1.40 FISCAL YEAR January 1 – December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ABC Bolivian Road Agency (Administradora Boliviana de Carreteras) AC Asphalt Concrete AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome CReCE Contracts for Rehabilitation and Achievement of Standards (Contratos de Rehabilitación y Cumplimiento de Estándares) CUT Treasury Single Account (Cuenta Única Tesoro) DBMOT Design-Build-Maintain-Operate-Transfer DST Double Surface Treatment EMP Environment Management Plan EIA Environmental Impact -
Diversity of Mammals and Birds Recorded with Camera-Traps in the Paraguayan Humid Chaco
Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Parag. Vol. 24, nº 1 (Jul. 2020): 5-14100-100 Diversity of mammals and birds recorded with camera-traps in the Paraguayan Humid Chaco Diversidad de mamíferos y aves registrados con cámaras trampa en el Chaco Húmedo Paraguayo Andrea Caballero-Gini1,2,4, Diego Bueno-Villafañe1,2, Rafaela Laino1 & Karim Musálem1,3 1 Fundación Manuel Gondra, San José 365, Asunción, Paraguay. 2 Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Del Escudo 1607, Asunción, Paraguay. 3 WWF. Bernardino Caballero 191, Asunción, Paraguay. 4Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract.- Despite its vast extension and the rich fauna that it hosts, the Paraguayan Humid Chaco is one of the least studied ecoregions in the country. In this study, we provide a list of birds and medium-sized and large mammals recorded with camera traps in Estancia Playada, a private property located south of Occidental region in the Humid Chaco ecoregion of Paraguay. The survey was carried out from November 2016 to April 2017 with a total effort of 485 camera-days. We recorded 15 mammal and 20 bird species, among them the bare-faced curassow (Crax fasciolata), the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), and the neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis); species that are globally threatened in different dregrees. Our results suggest that Estancia Playada is a site with the potential for the conservation of birds and mammals in the Humid Chaco of Paraguay. Keywords: Species inventory, Mammals, Birds, Cerrito, Presidente Hayes. Resumen.- A pesar de su vasta extensión y la rica fauna que alberga, el Chaco Húmedo es una de las ecorregiones menos estudiadas en el país. -
World Bank Document
IPP264 Paraguay Community Development Project Indigenous Peoples Development Framework Introduction Public Disclosure Authorized 1. Indigenous Peoples (IP) in Paraguay represent only 1.7% of the total population (about 87,100) people, according to the most recent Indigenous Peoples Census (2002). Notwithstanding, IP, show a higher population growth rate (3.9%) than the average for the national population (2.7%). Therefore, it is possible to expect that the proportion of IP will continue to grow for some time, even though they will continue to be a small proportion of the total population. 2. There are 19 different ethnic groups1 belonging to five linguistic families2, being the most numerous those belonging to the Guarari linguistic family3 (46,000 or 53%), followed by the Maskoy linguistic family groups4 (21,000 or 24%). The four largest IP groups are the Ava-Guarani (13,400 or 15.5%), Mbyá (14,300 or 16.7%), Pâí Tavyterâ (13,100 or 15.2%), and the Nivacle (12,000 or 13.9%). Most indigenous peoples speak Public Disclosure Authorized their own language and have a limited command of Spanish. Table 1: Distribution of Indigenous Population by Department Department Indigenous Population Absolute % of total 90 0.1 Asunción Concepción 2,670 3.09 San Pedro 2,736 3.16 Cordillera Guairá 1,056 1.22 Caaguazú 6,884 7.95 Caazapá 2,528 2.92 Public Disclosure Authorized Itapúa 2,102 2.43 Misiones Paraguarí Alto Paraná 4,697 5.43 Central 1,038 1.20 Ñeembucú Amambay 10,519 12.16 Canindeyú 9,529 11.01 Pte. Hayes 19,751 22.82 Boquerón 19,754 22.83 Alto Paraguay 3,186 3.68 1 According to the II Indigenous Census, there are 19 ethnic groups: Guaraní Occidental, Aché, Ava- Guaraní, Mbya, Pai-Tavytera, Ñandeva, Maskoy, Enlhet norte, Enxet sur, Sanapaná, Toba, Angaité, Guaná, Nivaclé, Maká, Manjui, Ayoreo, Chamacoco(Yvytoso & Tomaraho), Toba-Qom. -
Cuestionario a Los Gobiernos
Cuestionario a los gobiernos Pregunta 1: Explique brevemente cuáles recomendaciones de la 10º reunión del Foro Permanente para las Cuestiones Indígenas o recomendaciones de reuniones anteriores (si no se han proporcionado en informes anteriores) fueron abordadas por su Gobierno. La Secretaría de la Mujer informa sobre Participación y Consulta: dado que la mencionada cartera de Estado, realizó en coordinación con el Instituto Paraguayo del Indígena, junto con las liderezas de las Mujeres Guaraní., una gran reunión de consulta a las mujeres de los seis pueblos de la Nación Guaraní, ocasión en que ellas analizaron en forma participativa su situación y presentaron sus demandas en el texto de una Declaración Pública. La reunión contó con la presencia de la Dra. Mirna Cuninghan, Presidenta del Foro para Cuestiones Indígenas de la ONU. La Secretaría Nacional de Cultura de la Presidencia de la República teniendo en cuenta la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas y las recomendaciones Nro. 18, 25, 38, 47, 49 y 52 de la 10º Sesión del Foro Permanente desarrolló durante el 2011 cuanto sigue: a) II Encuentro de la Nación Guaraní Del 24 al 26 de marzo se llevó a cabo en la comunidad Paî Tavyterâ Jaguati el II Encuentro de la Nación Guaraní. Este Encuentro buscó habilitar un espacio de intercambio de representantes de pueblos vinculados lingüística e históricamente. En la planificación, gestión y desarrollo participaron alrededor de 20 organizaciones pertenecientes de los pueblos guaraní del Paraguay y de delegaciones de comunidades de Argentina, Brasil y Bolivia. Asistieron en el Encuentro aproximadamente 1600 guaraníes. -
Mennonites Turned Paraguay Into a Mega Beef Producer: Now Indigenous People Must Pay the Price 10 March 2020, by Joel E
Mennonites turned Paraguay into a mega beef producer: Now Indigenous people must pay the price 10 March 2020, by Joel E. Correia the Chaco's agricultural boom: Extensive deforestation also scars the region. Roughly 14% of the Chaco forest was cut down between 2001 and 2014. The Mennonites' success in transforming the Chaco into a ranching powerhouse now undermines their own long-sought solitude, endangers this famous forest and threatens the very existence of indigenous people who've lived in the region since time immemorial. South America’s bi-oceanic highway, which will stretch from the Pacific to the Atlantic – cutting right through Paraguay – is scheduled for completion in 2022. Credit: Joel Correia, Author provided The "new Panama Canal"—that's how some are hailing a highway now under construction in South America that spans the continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The Bi-Oceanic Corridor cuts through the Paraguayan Chaco, Latin America's second- largest forest after the Amazon—and, these days, a hub of cattle ranching and soybean farming. A sign near Loma Plata, Paraguay, announcing the bi- oceanic highway is underway, February 2020. Credit: The Chaco—once a flat, scrubby and supposedly Joel E. Correia inhospitable forest – was transformed into a fertile agricultural region by Mennonite settlers who came to Paraguay in the early 1900s. Latin America's Mennonites By 2017 this landlocked country of 7 million had become the world's sixth-largest exporter of beef The Mennonites of the Paraguayan Chaco who .When the new road is completed in 2022, it will now number around 40,000, first arrived in the markedly increase beef and other agricultural 1920s, escaping persecution from Stalin's Russia exports by truck to global markets via seaports in by way of Canada.