A Journal of Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya L A N G U A G E D I S C O U R S E W R I T I N G Volume-9 April-June 2013 Editor Mamta Kalia Published by Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya fgndil L A N G U A G E D I S C O U R S E W R I T I N G April-June 2013 Contents DISCOURSE Rasa Theory and Modern Literature Dr. Ramvilas Sharma 7 Gulzar as a Short Storywriter Gopichand Narang 13 India, Indianness and Buddha Dev Bose Ganga Prasad Vimal 22 The Concerns of Criticism Shambhunath 30 Divik Ramesh's World of Poetry Kim Yang Shik 53 Radha Worship in Hindi Literature Dr. L.Thillai Selvi 56 POETRY Five Poems Kedarnath Agrawal 61 Seven Poems Kusum Ansal 67 Four Poems Mangal Murthi 79 HERITAGE Malbe Ka Malik Mohan Rakesh 84 Mad Delight Mohan Rakesh 94 SHORT STORY Napani Doodhnath Singh 101 Rites for The Departed Chandrakanta 110 The Voice Which was Progeny... Tarun Bhatnagar 120 Shadows of The Past Ramesh Pokhariyal Nishank 127 fgndil April-June 2013 :: 3 LANGUAGE Arundhati Roy in Indian Languages... Vijaya Kumaran C.P.V. 133 The Challenge of Translation Kanan Jhingan 143 BOOK REVIEW Globe on Potter's Wheel : Climbing Steps of Media Pradeep Trikha 151 Apni Dharti, Apna Akash : A Discourse on Hope Oma Sharma 155 4 :: April-June 2013 fgndil Editor’s Note Why do we write? It’s a question that confronts us inside and outside when we have already spent a good number of years in consuming reams of paper and scores of ball pens in writing. An initial answer can be related to our inner satisfaction, whatever that means. Another answer can be the need for self-expression. Obviously we cannot talk more than we already do. So what happens to all the extra words that lie in store within us? I have often wondered that a writer’s post mortem report could carry all those suspended manuscripts that he proposed to write but couldn’t. A simple incision would bring out his words of all hues-black, green, blue and not so blue. The best part is he would not be held responsible for this attic scrap. Another question raises its head from an escape route, why does an artist paint or a singer sing? All creative effort has a spontaniety about it and does not like to confront query. Yet the question does crop up in conversations, interviews, research programmes and in academic discussions. Some artists give vague answers like ‘it’s my inner urge’, or ‘it’s like labour pain and I have to deliver.’ Imagine Maqbool Fida Husain faced with such a question and his response. Oh, he would take up his brush with the longest handle and draw a flash of a line across the horizon. What if the same question was put up to Lata Mangeshkar or Girija Devi. They would answer back with a loooong alap or khayal. The area of creative writing is more demanding and discerning. We all begin like naive and novice writers ready to imbibe our predecessors’ influence. At some point of time we find it burdensome and bothersome. We are ready for our second innings. We look around the times and environment to find fgndil April-June 2013 :: 5 all is not well with the world. Ultimately we write for a better order of things and values, ideas & ideals, dreams and hopes. The present issue has Mohan Rakesh’s famous short story ‘malbe ka malik’ and his notes of a play chattarian. There are other short stories by Chandrakanta, Doodhnath Singh, Tarun Bhatnagar and Ramesh Pokhariyal ‘Nishank.’ In discourse Dr. Gopichand Narang discusses Gulzar as a short story writer whereas Dr. Shambhunath brings out Dr. Ramvilas Sharma’s uniqueness as a critic. Dr. Ganga Prasad Vimal gives us a candid analysis of Buddha Dev Bose as the point of departure in Indian literature. Bangla literature in particular suffered for some decades from the Tagore fixation in creative expression. Our poetry section has a few important poems of Kedar nath Agrawal. Kusum Ansal has travelled far and wide and her poems present her itinerary as well as an insight into her thought process. Readers and contributors may please note that I wish to put down my blue pencil from the next issue. I am thankful for the love, liveliness and limitless co-operation that I received from one and all. Visit Hindi on internet at : www.hindivishwa.org 6 :: April-June 2013 fgndil Rasa Theory and Modern Literature Dr. Ramvilas Sharma M.S. Kushwaha About his new book, Siddhant aur Adhyayan, Babu Gulabrai writes : "In these essays I was faced with the problem of placing greater value on my own perspective or on the perspective of the Shastras (canonical writings). I decided to express my perspective on the basis of the shastric perspective. I did not think it proper to deprive the students of the knowledge of their ancestors by giving a detailed explanation of my perspective". Obviously, in this book, his explanation of literature is based on Shastras, though here and there he also mentions Western scientists and thinkers. On certain places it appears that he finds it difficult to measure new literature by old yardsticks. But he is not willing to give up old yardsticks even if in order to employ them, one has to pare the things to be measured. In the first chapter of the book, sub-titled "Kavya ki Atma" (The soul of Poetry), the author, after discussing Alankara, Vakrokti, Riti and Dhvani, throws light on the 'soul' or essence of poetry : "Literature re-kindles life in dead hearts, and thus possesses the efficacy of the Ayurvedic rasa. Since rasa is the essence of poetry, it also expresses the rasa (juice) of fruits. Anand is its characteristic form; it is transcendental, self-luminous, conscious, indivisible and akin to Brahmanand (Bliss of God-realization)". In the context of rasa and psychology, Babu Gulabrai has quoted the views of McDuggal, William James, et. al. in support of the outlook of ancient acharyas. fgndil April-June 2013 :: 7 After tallying the anubhavas mentioned in where in the Shastras Babuji (Gulabrai) the works on rasa with those mentioned discovered this concept. If Sanskrit acharyas by Darwin, he avers that "in this matter had used any term for this concept, Babuji our acharyas can keep pace with modern made no mention of it. scientists". However, it is difficult to assert While explaining sadharnikarana that modern scientists are 'scientific' on (generalization) he had admitted that there all occasions. This is specially true of is a vast difference between present ideas William James and McDuggal. As far as and the earlier ones. Earlier the protagonist Western Science is scientific, it is based used to be a king or chieftain of a high on materialism. According to Gulabrai, the caste, but now a farmer like Hori could basis of Indian Shastras is the theory of be protagonist of a novel. Babuji states : sachchidanand. He has clearly stated it "In earlier times the hero used to be well- several times that the indivisibility of rasa known because it was easier for the can be proved only on the assumption of sahridyays to identify with him. Now the the indivisibility of the anand-swaroop atma mentality of people has somewhat changed. (atman, or soul, whose nature is bliss). Aristocracy no longer enjoys that respect. Hence similar descriptions of laughing and Hence it is easier for readers to identify weeping/crying do not indicate that the with Hori." This means that the viewpoint of the ancient acharyas indivisibility of the soul was experienced corresponds with that of Western earlier in the sagas of aristocratic families psychologists. but now it is experienced in the stories After mentioning the view of Bhatt of the exploitation of farmers. In both the Lollata, Bhattanayak, Abhinava Gupta et. situations there is no change in the al. in the context of rasa-nishpatti (rasa- indivisibility of the soul. Sadharnikarana realization), he says that the "rasa of poetry is such a mantra by which one attains is anand which the sahridaya (the universal love whether one worships the sympathetic reader) experiences after tasting exploiter or the exploited. Babuji says, his inherent sthayibhava (stable emotion), "Shringara, which takes the form of sensual which has been evoked by vibhavadi and pleasure in worldly life, is purified in poetry which, after having been purified of and reaches the level of atmanand (bliss tamoguna and rajoguna becomes luminous of the soul). The attitude of the student with satoguna-dominated light of the self of literature is tilted towards satva-guna". (atma-prakash)". Even if poetic rasa is Thus the poets are permitted to depict blissful, the student's effort to reach it sensual pleasure in literature. With the help through the author's explanation is bound of chhanda (metre) and alankara (figures to shatter his/her indivisible soul into of speech) it will automatically get purified pieces. After this the author mentions the and reach the level of atmanand. This will concept of 'type'. It is difficult to ascertain not lead only the poet to mukti 8 :: April-June 2013 fgndil (emancipation) but also the reader (who different from that of 'Art for Art's Sake'? is promoted by sattvik bhavas) to If art is not supposed to be regulated by Brahmaloka (abode of Brahma). social influence, it will ultimately become Here I am reminded of one of my anarchical, and it will neither lead to social discussions with Dr.